DIFERENSIAL FUNGSI
A. Capaian Pembelajaran
B. Materi
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = 𝑓 (𝑥 + ∆𝑥)
∆𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥 + ∆𝑥) − 𝑦
∆𝑦 𝑓 (𝑥+ ∆𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)
∆𝑥
= ∆𝑥
……………. (ii)
∆𝑦
Bentuk pada persamaan (ii) inilah yang
∆𝑥
Contoh:
Penyelesaian:
𝑦 = 4𝑥 2
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = 4 (𝑥 + ∆𝑥)2
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = 4 (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥(∆𝑥) + (∆𝑥)2 )
𝑦 + ∆𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥(∆𝑥) + 4∆𝑥 2
Matematika Ekonomi dan Bisnis 289
∆𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥(∆𝑥) + 4∆𝑥 2 − 𝑦
∆𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 + 8𝑥(∆𝑥) + 4∆𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 2
∆𝑦 = 8𝑥(∆𝑥) + 4∆𝑥 2
Δ𝑦 8𝑥 (∆𝑥)+ 4∆𝑥 2
Δ𝑥
= ∆𝑥
= 8𝑥 + 4∆𝑥
Apabila 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥),
∆𝑦 𝑓 (𝑥+ ∆𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)
Maka kuosien diferensinya ∆𝑥
= ∆𝑥
Δ𝑦 𝑓 (𝑥+ ∆𝑥)−𝑓(𝑥)
Dan turunan fungsinya lim = lim .
∆𝑥→0 Δ𝑥 ∆𝑥→0 ∆𝑥
Contoh:
Δ𝑦
Jika 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2 maka kuosien diferensinya Δ𝑥
=
8𝑥 (∆𝑥)+ 4∆𝑥 2
∆𝑥
= 8𝑥 + 4∆𝑥 dan derivative turunan
Δ𝑦
lim = lim (8𝑥 + 4∆𝑥) = 8𝑥 + 4(0) = 8𝑥
∆𝑥→0 Δ𝑥 ∆𝑥→0
Δ𝑦
• lim =⋯
∆𝑥→0 Δ𝑥
• 𝑦′ = ⋯
• 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = ⋯
• 𝑦𝑥 = ⋯
• 𝑓𝑥 (𝑥) = ⋯
𝑑𝑦
• =⋯
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑓(𝑥)
• =⋯
𝑑𝑥
Contoh:
Matematika Ekonomi dan Bisnis 291
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 12, maka =0
𝑑𝑥
Contoh:
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 𝑥 5 , maka 𝑑𝑥 = 5 𝑥 5−1 = 5 𝑥 4
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣
Apabila 𝑦 = 𝑘𝑣, dimana 𝑣 = ℎ(𝑥), maka 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑘 𝑑𝑥
.
Contoh:
𝑑𝑦
𝑦 = 3𝑥 5 , maka 𝑑𝑥 = 5( 3𝑥 5−1 ) = 15 𝑥 4
𝑑𝑣
𝑘 𝑑𝑦 𝑘
𝑑𝑥
Apabila 𝑦 = , dimana 𝑣 = ℎ(𝑥), maka =− .
𝑣 𝑑𝑥 𝑣2
Contoh:
3 𝑑𝑦 3 (5𝑥 4 ) 15𝑥 4
𝑦 = 𝑥 5 , maka nilai 𝑑𝑥 = − (𝑥 5 )2
=− 𝑥 10
𝑦 = 5𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2
𝑑𝑢
Misalkan 𝑢 = 5𝑥 3 → = 15𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣
𝑣 = 𝑥2 → 𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= ±
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 15𝑥 2 + 2𝑥
Contoh:
𝑦 = (2𝑥 3 )(𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑢
Misalkan 𝑢 = 2𝑥 3 → 𝑑𝑥
= 6𝑥 2
𝑑𝑣
𝑣 = 𝑥2 → 𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
=𝑢 +𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 4𝑥 4 + 6𝑥 4
Contoh:
5𝑥 2
𝑦= 𝑥3
𝑑𝑢
Misalkan 𝑢 = 5𝑥 2 → 𝑑𝑥
= 10𝑥
𝑑𝑣
𝑣 = 𝑥3 → = 3𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑦 𝑣 −𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑣2
(𝑥 3 )(10𝑥)−(5𝑥 2 )(3𝑥 2 )
= (𝑥 3 )2
10𝑥 4 −15𝑥 4
= (𝑥 3 )2
−5𝑥 4 −5
= = = −5𝑥 −2
𝑥6 𝑥2
Contoh:
𝑦 = (2𝑥 3 + 3)2
𝑑𝑢
Misalkan 𝑢 = 2𝑥 3 + 3 → 𝑑𝑥
= 6𝑥 2 ,
𝑑𝑦
Sehingga 𝑦 = 𝑢2 → = 2𝑢
𝑑𝑢
= (4𝑥 3 + 6)(6𝑥 2 )
= 24𝑥 5 + 36𝑥 2
Contoh:
𝑦 = (2𝑥 3 + 3)2
𝑑𝑢
Misalkan 𝑢 = 2𝑥 3 + 3 → = 6𝑥 2 ,
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 ∙ 𝑑𝑥
= 2(2𝑥 3 + 3)(6𝑥 2 )
= (4𝑥 3 + 6)(6𝑥 2 )
= 24𝑥 5 + 36𝑥 2
𝑑𝑦 1
Apabila 𝑦 = a log 𝑥, maka 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 ln 𝑎
.
Contoh:
𝑦 = 7 log 2
𝑑𝑦 1
=
𝑑𝑥 2 ln 7
𝑑𝑦
Apabila 𝑦 = a log 𝑢, dimana 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥), maka 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑎 log 𝑒 𝑑𝑢
𝑢
∙ 𝑑𝑥 .
Contoh:
𝑥+5
𝑦 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑥+7)
𝑥+5 𝑑𝑢 (𝑥+7)(1)−(𝑥+5)(1) 2
Misalkan 𝑢 = (𝑥+7) → 𝑑𝑥
= (𝑥+7)2
= (𝑥+7)2
𝑑𝑦 𝑎 log 𝑒 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑢
∙ 𝑑𝑥
log 𝑒 2
= (𝑥+5) ∙ (𝑥+7)2
(𝑥+7)
2 log 𝑒
= (𝑥+5)(𝑥+7)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑎 log 𝑒 𝑑𝑢
= ∙ ∙
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
Contoh:
𝑦 = (log 6𝑥 2 )3
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑎 log 𝑒 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑑𝑢 ∙ 𝑢
∙ 𝑑𝑥
log 𝑒
= 3(log 6𝑥 2 )3 ∙ 6𝑥 2
∙ (12𝑥)
36𝑥(log 6𝑥 2 )2 log 𝑒
= 6𝑥 2
6
= 𝑥 (log 6𝑥 2 )2 log 𝑒
𝑑𝑦 1
Apabila 𝑦 = ln 𝑥, maka = .
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Contoh:
𝑦 = ln 5
𝑑𝑦 1 1
= =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 5
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑢
Apabila 𝑦 = ln 𝑥, dimana 𝑢 = g( 𝑥) maka 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑢 ∙ 𝑑𝑥
𝑦 = ln(5𝑥 2 + 7)
𝑑𝑢
Misalkan 𝑢 = 5𝑥 2 + 7 → 𝑑𝑥
= 10𝑥
Matematika Ekonomi dan Bisnis 297
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑢
= ∙
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
1
= 5𝑥 2 +7 ∙ 10𝑥
10𝑥
= 5𝑥 2 +7
Contoh:
𝑦 = (ln 3𝑥 2 )3
𝑑𝑢
Misalkan 𝑢 = 3𝑥 2 → = 6𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑑𝑢 ∙ 𝑢 ∙ 𝑑𝑥
1
= 4(ln 3𝑥 2 )3 (3𝑥2 ) (6𝑥)
8
= (ln 3𝑥 2 )3
𝑥
Contoh:
𝑦 = 7𝑥
= 7𝑥 ln 7
𝑑𝑦
Untuk 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 , maka berlaku 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 karena ln 𝑒 = 1.
𝑑𝑦
Apabila 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑢 , dimana 𝑢 = 𝑔(𝑥), maka =
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
𝑎𝑢 ln 𝑎 .
𝑑𝑥
Contoh:
2 −2)
𝑦 = 5(𝑥
𝑑𝑢
Misalkan 𝑢 = 𝑥 2 − 2 → 𝑑𝑥
= 2𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= 𝑎𝑢 ln 𝑎
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2 −2)
𝑑𝑥
= 5(𝑥 (ln 5)(2𝑥)
2 −2
= (2𝑥)5𝑥 ln 5
Contoh:
5
𝑦 = 7𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑢
Misalkan 𝑢 = 7𝑥 → 𝑑𝑥
=7
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑣𝑢𝑣−1 ∙ 𝑑𝑥 +𝑢𝑣 ∙ ln 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
5 −1 5
= (𝑥 5 )(7𝑥)𝑥 (7) + (7𝑥)𝑥 (ln 7𝑥)(5𝑥 4 )
5 +4 5 +4
= 49𝑥 𝑥 + 35𝑥 𝑥 (ln 7𝑥)
5 +4 7
= 35𝑥 (5 + ln 7𝑥)
Contoh:
𝑑𝑥
𝑥 = 5𝑦 + 3𝑦 4 → 𝑑𝑦
= 5 + 12𝑥 3
𝑑𝑦 1
𝑑𝑥
= 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
1
= 5+12𝑥3
t. Diferensiasi Implisit
𝑥𝑦 + (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)3 = 0
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥𝑦) + (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)3 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2 (𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1) = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2 + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑦
{𝑥 + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2 } = −{𝑦 + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2 }
𝑑𝑥
𝑦 + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2
=−
𝑥 + 3(𝑥 + 𝑦 + 1)2
Contoh:
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 4 + 𝑥 3 − 5𝑥 2 − 17
𝑑𝑦
𝑦′ = = 8𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 − 10𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑2 𝑦
𝑦" = = 24𝑥 2 + 6𝑥 − 10
𝑑𝑥 2
𝑑3 𝑦
𝑦 ′′′ = = 42𝑥 + 6
𝑑𝑥 3
𝑑4 𝑦
𝑦 𝐼𝑉 = = 42
𝑑𝑥 4
𝑑5 𝑦
𝑦𝑉 = =0
𝑑𝑥 5
a. Turunan Parsial
2) 𝑝 = 𝑓(𝑞, 𝑟, 𝑠)
𝜕𝑝
𝑓𝑞 (𝑞, 𝑟, 𝑠) =
𝜕𝑞
𝜕𝑝
𝑝′ 𝑓𝑟 (𝑞, 𝑟, 𝑠) =
𝜕𝑟
𝜕𝑝
{ 𝑓𝑠 (𝑞, 𝑟, 𝑠) = 𝜕𝑠
𝜕𝑝 𝜕𝑝 𝜕𝑝
𝑑𝑝 = 𝑑𝑞 + 𝑑𝑟 + 𝑑𝑠
𝜕𝑞 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑠
𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑝 𝜕𝑝 𝜕𝑝
,
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑧
yang terdapat pada poin 1) dan , ,
𝜕𝑞 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑠
b) Turunan 𝑦 terhadap 𝑧
𝜕𝑦
= 0 − (3)(2𝑧 3−1 ) + 10𝑥𝑧1−1 𝑧 − 0
𝜕𝑧
𝜕𝑦
= −6𝑧 2 + 10𝑥
𝜕𝑧
Penyelesaian:
Turunan pertama: 𝑦 terhadap 𝑥
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑥
= (2)(4𝑥 4−1 ) − 0 + (4)(1𝑥 1−1 𝑧 2 ) − 2𝑥 2−1 𝑧 − 0 + 0
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑥
= 8𝑥 3 + 4𝑧 2 − 2𝑥𝑧
𝜕𝑦
= 0 − (3)(3𝑧 3−1 ) + (4)(2𝑥𝑧 2−1 ) − (1)𝑥 2 𝑧1−1
𝜕𝑧
− (5)𝑧1−1 + 0
𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑧
= −9𝑧 2 + 8𝑥𝑧 − 𝑥 2 − 5
C. Latihan
𝑑𝑦
1. Tentukan dari fungsi-fungsi di bawah ini:
𝑑𝑥
a. 𝑦 = −3𝑥 4 + 5𝑥 2 − 17
b. 𝑦 = 10 + 2𝑥 −1 − 𝑥 −3
𝑥 2 +12
c. 𝑦 = 𝑥 √𝑥
d. 𝑦 = (𝑥 2 − 2)(𝑥 − 3)
e. 𝑦 = (3𝑥 2 − 2𝑥)(5 + 𝑥 −2 )
2𝑥 2 +5𝑥
f. 𝑦 =
𝑥+3
5𝑥+3
g. 𝑦 = (3𝑥 2 − 𝑥) ( )
𝑥
h. 𝑦 = (2𝑥 + 6 − 2𝑥 −1 )3
3𝑥+5 2
i. 𝑦 = ( 2𝑥
)
𝑥+7
j. 𝑦 = log (𝑥−2)
k. 𝑦 = (log 5𝑥 2 )3
𝑥+7
l. 𝑦 = ln (𝑥−2)
m. 𝑦 = (ln 3𝑥 2 )3
Matematika Ekonomi dan Bisnis 307
2
n. 𝑦 = 10𝑒 𝑒 𝑥
ln 3𝑥
o. 𝑦 = 𝑒𝑥
2 +5𝑥−3
p. 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 𝑒 𝑥
q. 𝑥 = 5𝑦 + 10 − 𝑦 −2
r. 𝑥 = ln(5𝑦 2 −4y)
s. 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = −87
t. 2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 − 𝑥 2 𝑦 = 0
D. Referensi