Inventories

FIFO, LIFO, Average Methods

CREATED BY
AURELIUS NATHANAEL GUNAWAN
6042201005
 Klasifikasi Jenis Inventory
Merchandising Company Manufacturing Company
Merchandise inventory Raw materials inventory
Work in process inventory
Finished goods inventory
Metode Pencatatan Inventory
Perpetual System (jumlah inventory pada
neraca selalu diketahui)

Periodic System (jumlah inventory pada

neraca tidak diketahui sebelum akhir
periode)
Ownership Of Goods
Apakah semua inventory yang dihitung
secara fisik adalah milik perusahaan semua?

Apakah perusahaan memiliki inventory lain

yang belum dihitung?
Goods In Transit
 Consignment Goods
titip barang

Consignor Consignee
 Consignment Goods
titip barang

Consignor Consignee

*barang titipan milik A tidak boleh diakui

dalam perhitungan inventory B
 FIFO
Inventory Cost
Flow Method
LIFO Average
 FIFO (First In First Out)
Asumsi barang yang pertama masuk akan dijual lebih dulu

$100 $110 $120

 FIFO (First In First Out)
Asumsi barang yang pertama masuk akan dijual lebih dulu

$100 $110 $120

 LIFO (Last In First Out)
Asumsi barang yang terakhir masuk akan dijual lebih dulu

$100 $110 $120

 LIFO (Last In First Out)
Asumsi barang yang terakhir masuk akan dijual lebih dulu

$100 $110 $120

 LIFO (Last In First Out)
Asumsi barang yang terakhir masuk akan dijual lebih dulu

SUDAH DILARANG
$100
OLEH IFRS
$110 $120
Alasan IFRS Melarang LIFO
Besar nilai inventory di laporan keuangan tidak memiliki hubungan dengan
nilai cost kini
Menyebabkan ending inventory terlalu kecil
COGS semakin besar
Laba semakin kecil
Pajak yang harus dibayarkan semakin kecil
 Average
Cost barang akan dirata-rata

$100 $110 $120

 Average
Cost barang akan dirata-rata
Rata-rata = $110

$100 $110 $120

Contoh Soal
P6.5 Berikut ini adalah informasi dari Senta Ltd. selama bulan Oktober
2025. Senta menggunakan sistem periodic untuk pencatatan
inventorynya.
Date Description Units Unit Cost/Selling Price
Oktober 1 Beginning Inventory 60 $24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40

Berapakah nilai Ending Inventory dan COGS ketika menggunakan metode:

FIFO
Average
FIFO Date
Oktober 1
Description
Beginning Inventory
Units
60
Unit Cost/Selling Price
$24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
FIFO Date
Oktober 1
Description
Beginning Inventory
Units
60
Unit Cost/Selling Price
$24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
Mencari Ending Inventory = Total inventory - total units sold
FIFO Date
Oktober 1
Description
Beginning Inventory
Units
60
Unit Cost/Selling Price
$24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
Mencari Ending Inventory = Total inventory - total units sold
Total Inventory = Beginning inventory + purchases
= 60 + 120 + 70 + 80 = 330 units
FIFO Date
Oktober 1
Description
Beginning Inventory
Units
60
Unit Cost/Selling Price
$24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
Mencari Ending Inventory = Total inventory - total units sold
Total Inventory = Beginning inventory + purchases
= 60 + 120 + 70 + 80 = 330 units
Total Units Sold = 100 + 65 + 120 = 285 units
FIFO Date
Oktober 1
Description
Beginning Inventory
Units
60
Unit Cost/Selling Price
$24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
Mencari Ending Inventory = Total inventory - total units sold
Total Inventory = Beginning inventory + purchases
= 60 + 120 + 70 + 80 = 330 units
Total Units Sold = 100 + 65 + 120 = 285 units
Ending Inventory = 330 - 285 = 45 units
FIFO Date
Oktober 1
Description
Beginning Inventory
Units
60
Unit Cost/Selling Price
$24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
Mencari Ending Inventory = Total inventory - total units sold
Total Inventory = Beginning inventory + purchases
= 60 + 120 + 70 + 80 = 330 units
Total Units Sold = 100 + 65 + 120 = 285 units
Ending Inventory = 330 - 285 = 45 units
Nilai Ending Inventory = 45 units x $28 = $1260
FIFO Date
Oktober 1
Description
Beginning Inventory
Units
60
Unit Cost/Selling Price
$24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
FIFO Date
Oktober 1
Description
Beginning Inventory
Units
60
Unit Cost/Selling Price
$24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40

Cari Cost of Goods Available for Sale: Beginning Inventory + Purchases

FIFO Date
Oktober 1
Description
Beginning Inventory
Units
60
Unit Cost/Selling Price
$24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40

Cari Cost of Goods Available for Sale: Beginning Inventory + Purchases

Beginning Inventory = 60 x $24 = $1440
FIFO Date
Oktober 1
Description
Beginning Inventory
Units
60
Unit Cost/Selling Price
$24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40

Cari Cost of Goods Available for Sale: Beginning Inventory + Purchases

Beginning Inventory = 60 x $24 = $1440
Purchases = (120 x $26) + (70 x $27) + (80 x $28) = $7250
FIFO Date
Oktober 1
Description
Beginning Inventory
Units
60
Unit Cost/Selling Price
$24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40

Cari Cost of Goods Available for Sale: Beginning Inventory + Purchases

Beginning Inventory = 60 x $24 = $1440
Purchases = (120 x $26) + (70 x $27) + (80 x $28) = $7250
COGAS = $1440 + $7250 = $8690
FIFO Date
Oktober 1
Description
Beginning Inventory
Units
60
Unit Cost/Selling Price
$24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40

Cari Cost of Goods Available for Sale: Beginning Inventory + Purchases

Beginning Inventory = 60 x $24 = $1440
Purchases = (120 x $26) + (70 x $27) + (80 x $28) = $7250
COGAS = $1440 + $7250 = $8690

COGS = COGAS - Ending Inventory = $8690 - $1260 = $7430

 Date Description Units Unit Cost/Selling Price
Average Oktober 1 Beginning Inventory 60 $24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
 Date Description Units Unit Cost/Selling Price
Average Oktober 1 Beginning Inventory 60 $24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
Mencari Ending Inventory = Total inventory - total units sold
 Date Description Units Unit Cost/Selling Price
Average Oktober 1 Beginning Inventory 60 $24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
Mencari Ending Inventory = Total inventory - total units sold
Total Inventory = Beginning inventory + purchases
= 60 + 120 + 70 + 80 = 330 units
 Date Description Units Unit Cost/Selling Price
Average Oktober 1 Beginning Inventory 60 $24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
Mencari Ending Inventory = Total inventory - total units sold
Total Inventory = Beginning inventory + purchases
= 60 + 120 + 70 + 80 = 330 units
Total Units Sold = 100 + 65 + 120 = 285 units
 Date Description Units Unit Cost/Selling Price
Average Oktober 1 Beginning Inventory 60 $24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
Mencari Ending Inventory = Total inventory - total units sold
Total Inventory = Beginning inventory + purchases
= 60 + 120 + 70 + 80 = 330 units
Total Units Sold = 100 + 65 + 120 = 285 units
Ending Inventory = 330 - 285 = 45 units
 Date Description Units Unit Cost/Selling Price
Average Oktober 1 Beginning Inventory 60 $24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
Mencari Ending Inventory = Total inventory - total units sold
Total Inventory = Beginning inventory + purchases
= 60 + 120 + 70 + 80 = 330 units
Total Units Sold = 100 + 65 + 120 = 285 units
Ending Inventory = 330 - 285 = 45 units
Cost Inventory = COGAS / Total inventory = $8690 / 330 = $26,33/unit
 Date Description Units Unit Cost/Selling Price
Average Oktober 1 Beginning Inventory 60 $24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
Mencari Ending Inventory = Total inventory - total units sold
Total Inventory = Beginning inventory + purchases
= 60 + 120 + 70 + 80 = 330 units
Total Units Sold = 100 + 65 + 120 = 285 units
Ending Inventory = 330 - 285 = 45 units
Cost Inventory = COGAS / Total inventory = $8690 / 330 = $26,33/unit
Nilai Ending Inventory = $26,33 x 45 units = $1185
 Date Description Units Unit Cost/Selling Price
Average Oktober 1 Beginning Inventory 60 $24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
 Date Description Units Unit Cost/Selling Price
Average Oktober 1 Beginning Inventory 60 $24
Oktober 9 Purchase 120 $26
Oktober 11 Sale 100 $35
Oktober 17 Purchase 70 $27
Oktober 22 Sale 65 $40
Oktober 25 Purchase 80 $28
Oktober 29 Sale 120 $40
COGS = COGAS - Ending Inventory = $8690 - $1185 = $7505
Perpetual Inventory Method
FIFO
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440
Oktober 9
Oktober 11
Oktober 17
Oktober 22
Oktober 25
Oktober 29
FIFO
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440
--------------------------------
Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 60 x $24 = $1440
120 x $26 = $3120
Oktober 11
Oktober 17
Oktober 22
Oktober 25
Oktober 29
FIFO
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440
--------------------------------
Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 60 x $24 = $1440
120 x $26 = $3120
Oktober 11 60 x $24 = $1440
40 x $26 = $1040 80 x $26 = $2080
Oktober 17
Oktober 22
Oktober 25
Oktober 29
FIFO
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440
--------------------------------
Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 60 x $24 = $1440
120 x $26 = $3120
Oktober 11 60 x $24 = $1440
40 x $26 = $1040 80 x $26 = $2080
--------------------------------
Oktober 17 70 x $27 = $1890 80 x $26 = $2080
70 x $27 = $1890
Oktober 22
Oktober 25
Oktober 29
FIFO
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440
--------------------------------
Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 60 x $24 = $1440
120 x $26 = $3120
Oktober 11 60 x $24 = $1440
40 x $26 = $1040 80 x $26 = $2080
--------------------------------
Oktober 17 70 x $27 = $1890 80 x $26 = $2080
70 x $27 = $1890
--------------------------------
Oktober 22 65 x $26 = $1690 15 x $26 = $390
70 x $27 = $1890
Oktober 25
Oktober 29
FIFO
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440
--------------------------------
Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 60 x $24 = $1440
120 x $26 = $3120
Oktober 11 60 x $24 = $1440
40 x $26 = $1040 80 x $26 = $2080
--------------------------------
Oktober 17 70 x $27 = $1890 80 x $26 = $2080
70 x $27 = $1890
--------------------------------
Oktober 22 65 x $26 = $1690 15 x $26 = $390
70 x $27 = $1890
--------------------------------
Oktober 25 80 x $28 = $2240 15 x $26 = $390
70 x $27 = $1890
80 x $28 = $2240
Oktober 29
FIFO
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440
--------------------------------
Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 60 x $24 = $1440
120 x $26 = $3120
Oktober 11 60 x $24 = $1440
40 x $26 = $1040 80 x $26 = $2080
--------------------------------
Oktober 17 70 x $27 = $1890 80 x $26 = $2080
70 x $27 = $1890
--------------------------------
Oktober 22 65 x $26 = $1690 15 x $26 = $390
70 x $27 = $1890
--------------------------------
Oktober 25 80 x $28 = $2240 15 x $26 = $390
70 x $27 = $1890
80 x $28 = $2240
Oktober 29 15 x $26 = $390
70 x $27 = $1890
35 x $28 = $980 45 x $28 = $1260
FIFO
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440
--------------------------------
Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 60 x $24 = $1440
120 x $26 = $3120
Oktober 11 60 x $24 = $1440
40 x $26 = $1040 80 x $26 = $2080
--------------------------------
Oktober 17 70 x $27 = $1890 80 x $26 = $2080
70 x $27 = $1890
--------------------------------
Oktober 22 65 x $26 = $1690 15 x $26 = $390
70 x $27 = $1890
--------------------------------
Oktober 25 80 x $28 = $2240 15 x $26 = $390
70 x $27 = $1890
80 x $28 = $2240
Oktober 29 15 x $26 = $390
70 x $27 = $1890
35 x $28 = $980 45 x $28 = $1260

Ending Inventory
FIFO
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440
--------------------------------
Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 60 x $24 = $1440
120 x $26 = $3120
Oktober 11 60 x $24 = $1440
40 x $26 = $1040 80 x $26 = $2080
--------------------------------
Oktober 17 70 x $27 = $1890 80 x $26 = $2080
70 x $27 = $1890
--------------------------------
Oktober 22 65 x $26 = $1690 15 x $26 = $390
70 x $27 = $1890
--------------------------------
Oktober 25 80 x $28 = $2240 15 x $26 = $390
70 x $27 = $1890
80 x $28 = $2240
Oktober 29 15 x $26 = $390
70 x $27 = $1890
35 x $28 = $980 45 x $28 = $1260

Total COGS = $7430

Ending Inventory
Average
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440
Oktober 9
Oktober 11
Oktober 17
Oktober 22
Oktober 25
Oktober 29
Average
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440

Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 180 x $25,33 = $4560

Oktober 11
Oktober 17
Oktober 22
Oktober 25
Oktober 29
Average
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440

Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 180 x $25,33 = $4560

Oktober 11 100 x $25,33 = $2533 80 x $25,33 = $2027

Oktober 17
Oktober 22
Oktober 25
Oktober 29
Average
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440

Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 180 x $25,33 = $4560

Oktober 11 100 x $25,33 = $2533 80 x $25,33 = $2027

Oktober 17 70 x $27 = $1890 150 x $26,11 = $3917

Oktober 22
Oktober 25
Oktober 29
Average
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440

Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 180 x $25,33 = $4560

Oktober 11 100 x $25,33 = $2533 80 x $25,33 = $2027

Oktober 17 70 x $27 = $1890 150 x $26,11 = $3917

Oktober 22 65 x $26,11 = $1690 85 x $26,11 = $2227

Oktober 25
Oktober 29
Average
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440

Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 180 x $25,33 = $4560

Oktober 11 100 x $25,33 = $2533 80 x $25,33 = $2027

Oktober 17 70 x $27 = $1890 150 x $26,11 = $3917

Oktober 22 65 x $26,11 = $1690 85 x $26,11 = $2227

Oktober 25 80 x $28 = $2240 165 x $27,07 = $4467

Oktober 29
Average
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440

Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 180 x $25,33 = $4560

Oktober 11 100 x $25,33 = $2533 80 x $25,33 = $2027

Oktober 17 70 x $27 = $1890 150 x $26,11 = $3917

Oktober 22 65 x $26,11 = $1690 85 x $26,11 = $2227

Oktober 25 80 x $28 = $2240 165 x $27,07 = $4467

Oktober 29 120 x $27,07 = $3248 45 x $27,07 = $1219

Average
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440

Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 180 x $25,33 = $4560

Oktober 11 100 x $25,33 = $2533 80 x $25,33 = $2027

Oktober 17 70 x $27 = $1890 150 x $26,11 = $3917

Oktober 22 65 x $26,11 = $1690 85 x $26,11 = $2227

Oktober 25 80 x $28 = $2240 165 x $27,07 = $4467

Oktober 29 120 x $27,07 = $3248 45 x $27,07 = $1219

Ending Inventory
Average
Perpetual
Date Purchases COGS Balance
Oktober 1 (Beginning Inventory) 60 x $24 = $1440

Oktober 9 120 x $26 = $3120 180 x $25,33 = $4560

Oktober 11 100 x $25,33 = $2533 80 x $25,33 = $2027

Oktober 17 70 x $27 = $1890 150 x $26,11 = $3917

Oktober 22 65 x $26,11 = $1690 85 x $26,11 = $2227

Oktober 25 80 x $28 = $2240 165 x $27,07 = $4467

Oktober 29 120 x $27,07 = $3248 45 x $27,07 = $1219

Total COGS = $7471

Ending Inventory
Analisis Perbandingan
FIFO Average
Periodic Periodic
Ending Inventory = $1260 Ending Inventory = $1185
COGS = $7430 COGS = $7505

Perpetual Perpetual
Ending Inventory = $1260 Ending Inventory = $1219
COGS = $7430 COGS = $7471
Thanks for your time!