NAMA : GREGOPALDUS GERI

NIM : D1021201026

MAKUL : ANALISA SISTEM TENAGA

A. Newton Raphson

Pertanyaan : Kerjakan proses iterasi pertama dan ke dua menggunakan

iterasi metode Newton Raphson untuk menentukan nilai Q2 tiap iterasi dan
aliran daya setelah iterasi ke dua.
Jawab:
Solusi
20 − 𝑗50 −10 + 𝑗20 −10 + 𝑗30
𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = |−10 + 𝑗20 26 − 𝑗52 −16 + 𝑗32|
−10 + 𝑗30 −16 + 𝑗32 26 − 𝑗62

Dalam bentuk polar dengan sudut dalam derajat

−50
𝑌11 = |𝑌11 |∠𝑄11 = √(20)2 + (−50)2 ∠ tan−1 ( 20 ) → 𝐾𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝐼𝑉

𝑌11 = 53,85 ∠ − 68,1985∘

20
𝑌12 = |𝑌12 |∠𝑄12 = √(−10)2 + (20)2 ∠ tan−1 (−10) → 𝐾𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝐼𝐼

𝑌12 = 22,36 ∠ − 165625∘

−56
𝑌22 = |𝑌22 |∠𝑄22 = √(26)2 + (−52)2 ∠ tan−1 ( 26 ) → 𝐾𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝐼𝑉

𝑌22 = 58,14 ∠−63,4349∘

32
𝑌23 = |𝑌23 |∠𝑄23 = √(−16)2 + (32)2 ∠ tan−1 (−16) → 𝑘𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑛 𝐼𝐼

𝑌23 = 35,78 ∠116,5625∘

 53,85 ∠−68,1985∘ 22,36 ∠−165625∘ 31,62∠108,4349∘
𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = | 22,36 ∠−165625∘ 58,14 ∠−63,4349∘ 35,78 ∠116,5625∘ |
31,62∠108,4349∘ 35,78 ∠116,5625∘ 67,23∠−67,249∘
Dalam bentuk polar dengan sudut dalam radian
𝜋
1° = = 0,01745 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
180°

𝑌11 = 53,85∠ −68,1985∘ = 53,85 ∠ −1,19029∘

𝑌12 = 22,36 ∠ − 165625∘ = 22,36 ∠2,0344∘
𝑌22 = 58,14 ∠−63,4349∘ = 58,14 ∠−1,1071∘
𝑌23 = 35,78 ∠116,5625∘ = 35,78 ∠2,0344∘

53,85 ∠−1,19029∘ 22,36 ∠2,0344∘ 31,62∠1,8925∘

𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = | 22,36 ∠2,0344∘ 58,14 ∠−1,1071∘ 35,78 ∠2,0344∘ |
31,62∠1,8925∘ 35,78 ∠2,0344∘ 67,23∠−1,1737∘
Dengan mempergunakan formulasi untuk elemen jacobian dimana tebakan
awal

Iterasi ke 1
(0) (0) (0)
|𝑉3 | = 1,0 𝑝. 𝑢 ; 𝛿2 = 0,0 ; 𝛿3 = 0,0
100
𝑃2(𝑆𝑐ℎ) = 200 𝑝. 𝑢 = 2 𝑝. 𝑢
400+𝑗 250
𝑆𝟑(𝑺𝒄𝒉) = 𝑝. 𝑢 = −4,0 − 𝑗 2,5 𝑝. 𝑢
200

1. Diperoleh elemen matrik jacobian sebagai berikut:

𝑁=3
𝜕𝑃2
𝐻22 = = ∑|𝑉2 ||𝑌2𝑗 ||𝑉𝑗 | sin(𝜃2𝑗 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿𝑗 )
𝜕𝛿2
𝑗≠𝑖

𝐻22 = |𝑉2 ||𝑌21||𝑉1 | sin(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1 )

+ |𝑉2 ||𝑌23 ||𝑉3 | sin(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )
= 1,04(22,36)1,05 sin(2,0344 − 0 + 0)
+1,04(35,78)1,0 sin(2,0344 − 0 + 0)
= 24,41712 sin(2,0344) + 37,2112 sin(2,0344)
= 24,41712(0,8944) + 37,2112(0,8944)
 𝜕𝑃2
𝐻23 = = −|𝑉2 ||𝑌23||𝑉3 | sin(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )
𝜕𝛿3
𝐻23 = −|𝑉2 ||𝑌23 ||𝑉3 | sin(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )
= −1,04(35,78)1,0 sin(2,0344 − 0 + 0)
= −1,04(35,78)1,0 sin(2,0344)
= −37,2112(0,8944)
= −33,28

𝜕𝑃3
𝐻32 = = −|𝑉3 ||𝑌32||𝑉2 | sin(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )
𝜕𝛿2
𝐻32 = −|𝑉3 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | sin(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )
= −1,0(35,78)1,04 sin(2,0344 − 0 + 0)
= −1,0(35,78)1,04 sin(2,0344)
= −37,2112 (0,8944)
−33,28

𝑁=3
𝜕𝑃3
𝐻33 = = ∑|𝑉3 ||𝑌3𝑗 ||𝑉𝑗 | sin(𝜃3𝑗 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿𝑗 )
𝜕𝛿3
𝑗≠𝑖

= |𝑉3 ||𝑌31 ||𝑉1 | sin(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 ) + |𝑉3 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | sin(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )

= 1,0(31,62) sin(1,8925 − 0 + 0)
+ 1,0(35,78)1,04 sin(2,0344 − 0 + 0)
= 33,201 sin(1,8925) + 37,2112 sin(2,0344)
= 33,201 (0,9486)+ 37,2112(0,8944)
= 31,4944 + 33,2816
= 64,78

𝜕𝑃3
𝑁23 = = |𝑉2 ||𝑌23 | cos(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )
𝜕|𝑉3 |
𝑁23 = |𝑉2 ||𝑌23 | cos(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )
= 1,04 (35,78) cos(2,0344 − 0 + 0)
= 37,2112 cos(2,0344)
= 37,2112 (−0,44717)
= −16,6397

3
𝜕𝑃3
𝑁33 = = 2 |𝑉2 ||𝑌33 | cos(𝜃33 ) + ∑|𝑌3𝑗 ||𝑉𝑗 | cos(𝜃3𝑗 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿𝑗 )
𝜕|𝑉3 |
𝑗≠𝑖

= 2 |𝑉2 ||𝑌33 | cos(𝜃33 ) + |𝑌31 ||𝑉1 | cos(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 )

+|𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | cos(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )
= 2(1)67,23 cos(−1,1737)
+31,62(1,05) cos(1,8925) + 35,78 (1,04) cos(2,0344)
= (2)67,23 (0,386742) + 31,62 (1,05)(−0,31618)
+35,78(1,04)(−0,44717)
= 52,00132 − 10,49740 − 16,6397
= 24,8642

𝜕𝑄3
𝑀32 = = −|𝑉3 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | cos(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )
𝜕𝛿2
𝑀32 = −|𝑉3 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | cos(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )
= −(1)35,78(1,04) cos(2,0344)
= −35,78(1,04)(−0,44717)
= 16,6397

𝑁=3
𝜕𝑄3
𝑀33 = = ∑|𝑉3 ||𝑌3𝑗 ||𝑉𝑗 | cos(𝜃3𝑗 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿𝑗 )
𝜕𝛿3
𝑗≠3

= |𝑉3 ||𝑌31 ||𝑉1 | cos(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 ) + |𝑉3 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | cos(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )

= (1)(31,62)1,05 cos(1,8925) + (1)(31,78)1,04 cos(2,0344)
= (31,62)1,05(−0,31618) + (35,78)1,04(−0,44717)
= −10,49749 − 16,63973
= −27,1372
𝑁=3
𝜕𝑄3
𝐿33 = = −2 |𝑉3 ||𝑌33 | sin(𝜃33 ) − ∑|𝑌3𝑗 ||𝑉𝑗 | sin(𝜃3𝑗 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿𝑗 )
𝜕|𝑉3 |
𝑗≠3

= −2 |𝑉3||𝑌33 | sin(𝜃33 ) − |𝑌31 ||𝑉1 | sin(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 )

− |𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | sin(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )
= −2(1)67,23 sin(−1,1737)
−31,62(1,05) sin(1,8925) − 35,78(1,04) sin(2,0344)
= −134,46(−0,92219) − 31,62(1,05)(0,948698)
− 35,78 (1,04)(0,8944)
= 123,99767 − 31,4977 − 33,281697
= 59,2183
Maka diperoleh matrik jacobian:
𝐻22 = 55.1233 𝐻23 = −33.2834 𝑁23 = −16.6399
𝐻32 = −33.2834 𝐻33 = 64.7812 𝑁33 = 24.8642
𝑀32 = 16.6399 𝑀33 = −27.1375 𝐿33 = 59.2183
𝐻22 𝐻23 𝑁23 55.1233 −33.2834 −16.6399
| 𝐻32 𝐻33 𝑁33 | |−33.2834 64.7812 24.8642 |
𝑀22 𝑀33 𝐿22 16.6399 −27.1375 59.2183

Menghitung daya aktif dan reaktif

𝑁

𝑃𝑖 = ∑|𝑉𝑖 ||𝑌𝑖𝑗 ||𝑉𝑗 | cos(𝜃𝑖𝑗 − 𝛿𝑖 + 𝛿𝑗 )

𝑗=1
𝑁

𝑄𝑖 = − ∑|𝑉𝑖 ||𝑌𝑖𝑗 ||𝑉𝑗 | sin(𝜃𝑖𝑗 − 𝛿𝑖 + 𝛿𝑗 )

𝑗=1

53,85 ∠−1,19029∘ 22,36 ∠2,0344∘ 31,62∠1,8925∘

𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = | 22,36 ∠2,0344∘ 58,14 ∠−1,1071∘ 35,78 ∠2,0344∘ |
31,62∠1,8925∘ 35,78 ∠2,0344∘ 67,23∠−1,1737∘
(0) (0) (0)
|𝑉1 | = 1,05 𝑝. 𝑢 ; |𝑉2 | = 1,04 𝑝. 𝑢 𝑑𝑎𝑛 |𝑉3 | = 1,00 𝑝. 𝑢
(0) (0) (0)
𝛿1 = 0,0 ; 𝛿2 = 0,0 ; 𝛿2 = 0,0
(0) (0) (0) (0) (0)
𝑃2 = |𝑉2 ||𝑌21 | |𝑉1 | cos(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )
(0) (0)
+|𝑉2 ||𝑌22 | |𝑉2 | cos(𝜃22 )
(0) (0) (0) (0)
+ |𝑉2 ||𝑌23 | |𝑉3 | cos(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )

= 1,04(22,36)(1,05) cos(2,0344 − 0 + 0)
+(1,04)(58,14)(1,04) cos(−1,1071)
+(1,04)(35,78)(1) cos(2,0344 − 0 + 0)
= 24,4171 cos(2,0344) + 62,8842 cos(−1,1071) + 37,2112
 cos(2,0344)
= 24,4171(−0,4472) + 62,884224(0,4472) + 37,2112(−0,4472)
= 0,5616 𝑝. 𝑢

(0) (0) (0) (0) (0)

𝑃3 = |𝑉3 ||𝑌31 | |𝑉1 | cos(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 )
(0) (0) (0) (0)
+|𝑉3 ||𝑌32 | |𝑉2 | cos(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 ) +
(0) (0)
|𝑉3 ||𝑌33 | |𝑉3 | cos(𝜃33 )

= (1)(31,62)(1,05) cos(1,8925 − 0 + 0) + (1)(35,78)(1,04)

cos(2,0344 − 0 + 0) + (1)(67,23)(1) cos(−1,1737)
= 33,201 cos(1,8925) + 37,2112 cos(2,0344) + 67,23 cos(−1,1737)
= 33,201(−0,3162) + 37,2112(−04472) + 67,23(0,3867)
= −1,1412 𝑝. 𝑢

(0) (0) (0) (0) (0)

𝑄2 = −|𝑉2 ||𝑌21 ||𝑉1 | sin(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1 )
(0) (0)
− |𝑉2 ||𝑌22 ||𝑉2 | sin(𝜃22 )
(0) (0) (0) (0)
−|𝑉2 ||𝑌23 ||𝑉3 | sin(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )

= −1,04(22,36)(1,05) sin(2,0344 − 0 + 0)
−(1,04)(58,14)(1,04) sin(−1,1071)
−(1,04)(35,78)(1) sin(2,0344 − 0 + 0)
= −24,4171 sin(2,0344) − (62,8842 sin(−1,1071) −
37,2112 sin(2,0344)
= −24,4171(0,8944) − 62,8842(−0,8944) − 37,2112(0,8944)
= 1,1233 𝑝. 𝑢

(0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0) (0)

𝑄3 = −|𝑉3 ||𝑌31 ||𝑉1 | sin(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 ) − |𝑉3 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 |
(0) (0) (0) (0)
Sin(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 ) − |𝑉3 ||𝑌33 ||𝑉3 | sin(𝜃33 )

= −(1)(31,62)(1,05) sin(1,8925 − 0 + 0) − (1)(35,78)(1,04)

sin(2,0344 − 0 + 0) − (1)(67,23)(1) sin(−1,1737)
= −33,201 sin(1,8925) − 37,2112 sin(2,0344) − (67,23 sin(−1,1737)
= −33,201(0,9487) − 37,2112(0,8944) − 67,23(−0,9222)
= −2,7799 𝑝. 𝑢

200
𝑃2(𝑆𝑐ℎ) = 𝑝. 𝑢 = 2 𝑝. 𝑢
100
400 + 𝑗 250
𝑆3(𝑆𝑐ℎ) =− 𝑝. 𝑢 = −4,0 − 𝑗2,5 𝑝. 𝑢
100
(0) (0)
∆𝑃2 = 𝑃2(𝑆𝑐ℎ) − 𝑃2 = 2 − 0,5616 = 1,4384 𝑝. 𝑢
(0) (0)
∆𝑃3 = 𝑃3(𝑆𝑐ℎ) − 𝑃3 = −4 − (−1,1414) = −2,8588 𝑝. 𝑢
(0) (0)
∆𝑄3 = 𝑄3(𝑆𝑐ℎ) − 𝑄3 = −2,5 − (−2,7799) = 0,2799 𝑝. 𝑢

(0)
∆𝑃2 𝐻22 𝐻23 𝑁23 ∆𝛿2
(0)
| ∆𝑃3 | = | 𝐻32 𝐻33 𝑁33 | || ∆𝛿3 ||
∆𝑄3 𝑀22 𝑀33 𝐿22 (0)
∆|𝑉3 |
(0)
∆𝛿2 𝐻22 𝐻23 𝑁23 ∆𝑃2
|| ∆𝛿3(0) || = 𝑖𝑛𝑣 | 𝐻32 𝐻33 𝑁33 | ∆𝑃3
(0) 𝑀22 𝑀33 𝐿22 ∆𝑄3
∆|𝑉3 |
(0)
∆𝛿2
(0)
55.1233 −33.2834 −16.6399 1,4384
|| ∆𝛿3 || = 𝑖𝑛𝑣 |−33.2834 64.7812 24.8642 | |−2,8588|
(0)
∆|𝑉 | 16.6399 −27.1375 59.2183 0,2799
3

(0)
∆𝛿2
0,0262 0,0141 0,0015 1,4384
|| ∆𝛿3(0) || = | 0,0138 0,0206 −0,0047| |−2,8588|
(0)
∆|𝑉 | −0,0010 0,0055 0,0143 0,2799
3

(0)
∆𝛿2
−0,0021
|| ∆𝛿3(0) || = |−0,0402|
(0)
∆|𝑉 | −0,0131
3

(1) (0) (0)

𝛿2 𝛿2 + ∆𝛿2
|| 𝛿3(1) || = || 𝛿3(0) + ∆𝛿3(0) ||
(1) (0) (0)
|𝑉3 | |𝑉3 |∆|𝑉3 |
 (1)
𝛿2 0 + (−0,0021) −0,0021
|| 𝛿3(1) || = | 0 + (−0,0402) | = |−0,0402|
(1)
|𝑉 | 1,0 + (−0,0131) 0,9869
3

Itersi ke 2
(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1)
𝑄2 = −|𝑉2 ||𝑌21 ||𝑉1 | sin(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1 ) − |𝑉2 ||𝑌22 ||𝑉2 |
(1) (1) (1) (1)
sin(𝜃22 ) − |𝑉2 ||𝑌23 ||𝑉3 | sin(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )

= −(1,04)(22,36)1,05 sin(2,0344 + 0,0021 + 0)

−1,04 (58,14)(1,04) sin(−1,1071) − (1,04)(35,78)0,9869
sin(2,0344 + 0,0021 − 0,0402)
= −24,41712 sin(2,0776) − 62,88422
sin(−1,1068) − 35,4511 sin(2,0341)
(1)
𝑄2 = −24,41712 (0,8743) − 62,88422
(−0,89441) − 35,4511 (0,93287)
= −21,804 + 56,237 − 33,45 = 0,978 𝑝. 𝑢

(1)
𝛿2
−0,0021
|| 𝛿3(1) || = |−0,0402|
(1)
|𝑉 | 0,9869
3

𝐻22 = 1,04(22,36)1,05 sin(2,0344 + 0,0021 + 0)

+1,04(35,78) 0,9869 sin(2,0344 + 0,0021 + 0)
= 24,41712 sin(2,036) + 36,723 sin(1,996)
= 24,41712 (0,88543) + 35,4511(0,910)
= 21,819 + 33,453 = 55,2736

𝐻23 = −1,04(35,78)0,9869 sin(2,0344 + 0,0021 − 0,0402)

= −1,04(35,78)1,05 sin(1,996)
= −36,7237 (0,910936) = −33,453

𝐻32 = −0,9869 (35,78) 1,04 sin(2,0344 + 0,0021 − 0,0402)

= −0,9869 (35,78) 1,04 sin(1,996)
= −36,7237 (0,876) = −32,2025

𝐻33 = |𝑉3 ||𝑌31||𝑉1 | sin(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 )

+|𝑉3 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | sin(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )
= 0,9869 (31,62)1,05 sin(1,8925 + 0,0402 + 0)
+0,9869(35,78)1,04 sin(2,0344 + 0,0402 − 0,0021)
= 32,766 sin(1,932) + 36,7237 sin(2,0722)
= 32,766 (0,935) + 36,7237 (0,8768)
= 30,648 + 32,2025 = 62,850

𝑁23 = 1,04 (35,78) cos(2,0344 − 0,0021 + 0,0402)

= 37,2112 cos(1,996)
= 37,2112 (−0,4125) = −15,3514

𝑁33 = 2|𝑉3 ||𝑌33 | cos(𝜃33 ) + |𝑌31 ||𝑉1 | cos(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 )

+ |𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | cos(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )
= 2(0,9869)67,23 cos(−1,1737)
+31,62 (1,05) cos(1,8925 + 0,0402 + 0)
+35,78 (1,04) cos(2,0344 + 0,0402 − 0,0021)
= 132,698 cos(−1,1735) + 33,201
cos(1,9323) + 37,2112 cos(2,0722)
= 132,698 (0,3869) +33,201 (−0,3536) +37,2112(−0,4806)
= 51,340 − 11,742 − 17,887 = 21,713

𝑀32 = −|𝑉3 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | cos(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )

= −(0,9869) 35,78 (1,04) cos(2,0344 + 0,0402 − 0,0021)
= −(0,9869) 35,78 (1,04) cos(2,0722)
= −36,723 (−0,4806) = 17,653

𝑀33 = |𝑉3 ||𝑌31 ||𝑉1 | cos(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 )

+|𝑉3 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | cos(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )
= (0,9869) (31,62) 1,05 cos(1,8925 + 0,0402 + 0)
+(0,9869) (35,78) 1,04 cos(2,0344 + 0,0402 − 0,0021)
= 32,766 cos(1,932) + 32,766 cos(2,0722)
= 31,7036 cos(−0,3536) + 35,533 cos(2,0722)
= 31,7036(32,766) + 35,533(−0,4806)
= −11,588 − 17,653 = −29,241

𝐿33 = −2|𝑉3 ||𝑌33 | sin(𝜃31 ) − |𝑌31 ||𝑉1 | sin(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 )

−|𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | sin(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )
= −2(0,9869)67,23 sin(−1,1737) − 31,62 (1,05)
sin(1,8925 + 0,0402 + 0) − 35,78 (1,04)
sin(2,0344 + 0,0402 − 0,0021)
= −132,698 (0,922) −33,201 (−0,935) −37,2112(−0,876)
= 122,363 − 31,055 − 32,6299 = 58,678
Hasil pada iterasi ke dua sebagai berikut:
𝐻22 = 55.272 𝐻23 = −33.452 𝑁23 = −15.351
𝐻32 = −32.202 𝐻33 = 62.850 𝑁33 = 21.713
𝑀32 = 17.653 𝑀33 = −29.241 𝐿33 = 58.678

𝑃2 = |𝑉2 ||𝑌21 ||𝑉1 | cos(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1 )

+|𝑉2 ||𝑌22 ||𝑉2 | cos(𝜃22 ) + |𝑉2 ||𝑌23 ||𝑉3 | cos(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )
= 10,4 (22,36)1,05 cos(2,0344 + 0,0021 + 0)
+ 1,04 (58,14) 1,04 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (−1,1071)
+ 1,04 (35,78) 0,9869 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2,0344 + 0,0021 − 0,0402)
= 24,41171(−0,448) + 62,8842(0,4474) + 36,723 (−0,412)
= −10,959 + 28,1392 − 15,1503 = 2,0299

𝑃3 = |𝑉3 ||𝑌31 ||𝑉1 | cos(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 )

+|𝑉3 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 | cos(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 ) + |𝑉3 ||𝑌33 ||𝑉3 | cos(𝜃33 −)
= 0,9869 (31,62) 1,05 cos(1,8925 + 0,0402 + 0)
+0,9869 (35,78) 1,04 cos(2,0344 + 0,0402 − 0,0021)
+ 0,9869 (67,23)0,9869 cos(−1,1737)
= 32,766 (−0,3536) + 36,723 (−0,4807) + 65,481 (0,386)
= −11,588 − 17,635 + 25,3353 = −3,9066

𝑄3 = −|𝑉3 ||𝑌31 ||𝑉1 | sin(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 ) − |𝑉3 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 |

sin(𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 ) − |𝑉3 ||𝑌33 ||𝑉3 | sin(𝜃33 )
= −0,9869 (31,62)1,05 sin(1,8925 + 0,0402 + 0)
−0,9869(35,78)1,04 sin(2,0344 + 0,0402 − 0,0021)
−0,9869 (67,23)0,9869 sin(−1,1737)
= −32,766 (0,9353) − 36,723 (0,8768) − 65,481 (−0,922)
= −30,6482 − 32,2025 + 60,380214 = −2,4705
(1)
𝑃2 = 2,0299 𝑝. 𝑢
(1)
𝑃3 = −3,9066 𝑝. 𝑢
(1)
𝑄2 = −2,47053 𝑝. 𝑢

(1) (1)
∆𝑃2 = 𝑃2𝑠𝑐ℎ − 𝑃2 = 2 − (2,0299) = −0,029938 𝑝. 𝑢
(1) (1)
∆𝑃3 = 𝑃3𝑠𝑐ℎ − 𝑃3 = −4 − (−3,9066) = −0,09338 𝑝. 𝑢
(1) (1)
∆𝑄3 = 𝑄3𝑠𝑐ℎ − 𝑄3 = −2,5 − (−2,47053) = −0,02944 𝑝. 𝑢

(2)
∆𝛿2
−0,029938 55,272 −32,202 −15,351
(2)
| −0,09338 | = | −32,202 62,850 21,713 | || ∆𝛿3 ||
−0,02944 17,653 −29,241 58,678 (2)
∆|𝑉3 |
(1)
∆𝛿2
0,0256 0,0138 0,00157 −0,0299
|| ∆𝛿3(1) || = | 0,0135 0,0208 −0,00419 | | −0,0933 |
(1)
∆|𝑉 | −0,0009 0,00622 0,01447 −0,0294
3

(1)
∆𝛿2
−0,00211
|| ∆𝛿3(1) || = | −0,00223 |
(1)
∆|𝑉 | −0,000977
3

(2)
∆𝛿2 −0,0021 + ( −0,00211) −0,00421
|| ∆𝛿3(2) || = | −0,0402 + ( −0,00223) | = | −0,0424 |
(2)
|𝑉3 | 0,9869 + ( −0,000977) 0,985
 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2)
𝑄2 = −|𝑉2 ||𝑌21 ||𝑉1 | sin(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1 )
(2) (2)
− |𝑉2 ||𝑌22 ||𝑉2 | sin(𝜃22 )
(2) (2) (2) (2)
−|𝑉2 ||𝑌23 ||𝑉3 | sin(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )

= −(1,04)(22,36)1,05 sin(2,0344 + 0,00421 + 0)

−1,04 (58,14) 1,04 sin(−1,1071)
−(1,04)(35,78)0,9938 sin(2,0344 + 0,00421 − 0,0424)
= −24,4172 sin(2,051) − 62,88422
sin(−0,8842) − 36,9805 sin(1,821)
= −24,4171 (0,8926) − 62,88422 (−0,8943) −36,687 (0,9109)
= −21,7941 + 56,2370 − 33,4215 = 1, 0214 𝑝. 𝑢

Aliran arus di setiap saluran dalam sistem adalah:

(2) (2) (2)
𝐼12 = 𝑦12 (𝑉1 − 𝑉2 )

= (10 − 𝑗20) [(1,05) − 1,04 {cos(−0.00421) + 𝑗 sin(−0.00421)}] 𝐴

= (10 − 𝑗20) [(1,05) − 1,04 (0,9999909 − 𝑗 0,004255277)] 𝐴
= (10 − 𝑗20) (0,01000941588209 + 𝑗0,00442548823240599)𝐴
(2)
𝐼12 = (0,18860392346902 − 𝑗0,15593343531774)𝐴

(2) (2)
𝐼12 = (0,1886 − 𝑗0,1559)𝐴 ↔ 𝐼21 = (−0,1886 + 𝑗0,1559)𝐴

(2) (2) (2)

𝐼13 = 𝑦13 (𝑉1 − 𝑉3 )

= (10 − 𝑗30) [(1,05) − 0,985 {cos(−0,0424) + 𝑗 sin(−0,0424)}] 𝐴

= (10 − 𝑗30) [(1,05) − 0,9938(0,999098989 − 𝑗 0,042440673)] 𝐴
= (10 − 𝑗30) (1,05 − 0,985034578574399)
−𝑗0,0418432319614579𝐴
= (10 − 𝑗30)(0,064965421425601 + 𝑗0,0418432319614579)
(2)
𝐼13 = (1,90495117309975 − 𝑗1,53053032315345) 𝐴
 (2) (2)
𝐼13 = (1,90495 − 𝑗1,5305) 𝐴 ↔ 𝐼31 = (−1,9049 + 𝑗1,5305) 𝐴

(2) (2) (2)

𝐼23 = 𝑦23 (𝑉2 − 𝑉3 )𝐴

= (16 − 𝑗32) [(1,0399 − 𝑗 0,004425) − (0,9850 − 𝑗0,04184)] 𝐴

= (16 − 𝑗32) (0,054956005543511 + 𝑗0,0374177437290519)𝐴
= (2,07666388802584 − 𝑗1,15990827772752) 𝐴

(2) (2)
𝐼23 = (2,0766 − 𝑗1,1599) 𝐴 ↔ 𝐼32 = (−2,0766 + 𝑗1,1599) 𝐴

Aliran daya setiap saluran adalah :

(2) (2) (2)∗
𝑆12 = 𝑉1 𝐼12
= (1,05)(0,18860392346902 − 𝑗0,15593343531774) 𝑝. 𝑢
= (0,198034119642471 − 𝑗0,163730107083627) 𝑝. 𝑢
= (19,8034119642471 𝑀𝑊 + 𝑗 16,3730107083627 𝑀𝑉𝑎𝑟)

(2) (2) (2)∗

𝑆21 = 𝑉2 𝐼21 = (1,0399 − 𝑗0,00442)(−0,1886 + 𝑗0,15593) 𝑝. 𝑢
= (0,195456222952438 + 𝑗 0,163003968923507)𝑝. 𝑢
= (−19,5456222952438 𝑀𝑊 − 𝑗 16,3003968923507 𝑀𝑉𝑎𝑟)

(2) (2) (2)∗

𝑆13 = 𝑉1 𝐼13
= (1,05)(1,90495117309975 − 𝑗1,53053032315345) 𝑝. 𝑢
= (2,00019873175474 − 1,60705683931112)𝑝. 𝑢
= (200 𝑀𝑊 + 𝑗 160,7 𝑀𝑉𝑎𝑟)

(2) (2) (2)∗

𝑆31 = 𝑉3 𝐼31
= (0,9850 − 𝑗0,041843)(−1,90495117309975)
+𝑗1,53053032315345 𝑝. 𝑢
= (−1,81240044066336 + 𝑗1,58733460567406)𝑝. 𝑢
 = (−181,24 𝑀𝑊 + 𝑗 158,73 𝑀𝑉𝑎𝑟)

(2) (2) (2)∗

𝑆23 = 𝑉2 𝐼23
= (1,0399905 − 𝑗0,0044254882)(2,0766638 − 1,159908277) 𝑝. 𝑢
= (2,15457772949081 − 𝑗1,21548393887616)𝑝. 𝑢
= (215,45𝑀𝑊 + 𝑗 121,54𝑀𝑉𝑎𝑟)

(2) (2) (2)∗

𝑆32 = 𝑉3 𝐼32
= (0,9850 − 𝑗0,041843)(−2,0766638 + 𝑗 1,15990827) 𝑝. 𝑢
= (−1,99705142666324 + 𝑗1,22944409030893)𝑝. 𝑢
= (−199,7 𝑀𝑊 − 𝑗 4122,94𝑀𝑉𝑎𝑟)

B. Fast Decouple

Ambil daya dasar sebesar 100 MVA

Pertanyaan:
kerjakan proses iterasi pertama dan ke dua menggunakan iterasi metode
Fast-Decoupled untuk menentukan nilai Q3 tiap iterasi dan aliran daya
setelah iterasi ke dua.
Jawab:
20 − 𝑗50 −10 + 𝑗20 −10 + 𝑗30
𝑌𝐵𝑈𝑆 = |−10 + 𝑗20 26 − 𝑗52 −16 + 𝑗32|
−10 + 𝑗30 −16 + 𝑗32 26 − 𝑗62
Bus ‘1’ sebagai slack-bus, ∆𝛿2 𝑑𝑎𝑛 ∆𝛿3
Matrik suceptansi B’ adalah :

[𝐵 ′ ] = [−52 32 ]
32 −62
Dan invers B’ menjadi

[𝐵 ′ ]−1 = [−52 32 −1 −0,028182 −0,014545

] = [ ]
32 −62 −0,014545 −0,023636
Dengan menggunakan formulasi untuk elemen jacobian dimana tebakan
awal
(0) (0) (0)
|𝑉2 | = 1,0 𝑝. 𝑢 ; 𝛿2 = 0,0 ; 𝛿3 = 0,0
400 + 𝑗 250
𝑆2𝑆𝑐ℎ = 𝑝. 𝑢 = −4,0 − 𝑗 2,5 𝑝. 𝑢
100
200
𝑃3𝑆𝑐ℎ = 𝑝. 𝑢 = 2 𝑝. 𝑢
100
Hitung daya aktif dan reaktif:
𝑁

𝑃𝑖 = ∑|𝑉𝑖 ||𝑌𝑖𝑗 ||𝑉𝑗 | cos(𝜃𝑖𝑗 − 𝛿𝑖 + 𝛿𝑗 )

𝑗=1

(0) (0) (0) (0)

𝑃2 = |𝑉20 ||𝑌21 ||𝑉1 |𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1 ) +

|𝑉20 ||𝑌22 ||𝑉2(0) |𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃22) |

(0) (0) (0)
+|𝑉20 ||𝑌23 ||𝑉3 | , 𝑜𝑠 (𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )

= |1||22,36||1,05|𝑐𝑜𝑠(2,034 − 0 + 0) + |1||58,14||1|𝑐𝑜𝑠(−1,1068|
+ |1||35,78||1,04| 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2,034 − 0 + 0)
= 23,478 (−0,446) + 58,14(0,447) + 37,2112(−0,446)
= −10,493 + 26,016 − 16,631
= −1,108 𝑝. 𝑢

(0) (0) (0) (0) (0)

𝑃3 = |𝑉30 ||𝑌31 ||𝑉1 |𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 ) + |𝑉30 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 |cos (𝜃32)
(0) (0) (0)
−𝛿3 + 𝛿2 | + |𝑉30 ||𝑌33 ||𝑉3 | 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜃33 )

= |1,04||31,62||1,05|𝑐𝑜𝑠(1,892 − 0 + 0) + |1||35,78||1|cos (2,034

 (0) (0)
−𝛿3 + 𝛿2 |
+ |1,04||67,23||1,04| 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (−1,173)
= |1,04||31,62||1,05|𝑐𝑜𝑠(1,892 − 0 + 0) + |1||35,78||1|cos (2,034
(0) (0)
−𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )|
+ |1,04||67,23||1,04| 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (−1,173)
= 34,529(−0,3158) + 37,211(−0,446) + 72,715(0,386)
= −10,904 − 16,631 + 28,134
= 0,598 𝑝. 𝑢

𝑄𝑖 = − ∑|𝑉𝑖 ||𝑌𝑖𝑗 ||𝑉𝑗 | sin(𝜃𝑖𝑗 − 𝛿𝑖 + 𝛿𝑗 )

𝑗=1

𝑄2 = −|𝑉2 ||𝑌21 ||𝑉1 | sin(𝜃𝑖𝑗 − 𝛿𝑖 + 𝛿𝑗 )

−|𝑉2 ||𝑌22 ||𝑉2 | sin(𝜃22 ) −|𝑉2 ||𝑌23 ||𝑉3 | sin(𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 ) = −2,28 𝑝. 𝑢
(0) (0) (0) (0)
𝑄2 = −|𝑉20 ||𝑌21 ||𝑉1 |𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1 )
(0)
− |𝑉20 ||𝑌22 ||𝑉2 |𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃22) |
(0) (0) (0)
−|𝑉20 ||𝑌23 ||𝑉3 | 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )

= −|1||22,36||1,05|𝑠𝑖𝑛(2,034 − 0 + 0) − |1||58,14||1|𝑠𝑖𝑛(−1,1068)
−|1||35,78||1,04| 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2,034 − 0 + 0)
= −24,478(0,894) − 58,14(−0,894) − 37,211(0,894)
= −21,002 + 51,994 − 33,287
= −2,29 𝑝. 𝑢

(0)
𝑃2 = −1,14 𝑝. 𝑢
(0)
𝑃3 = 0,5616 𝑝. 𝑢
(0)
𝑄2 = −2,28 𝑝. 𝑢

Koreksi daya aktif dan reaktif adalah:

 (0) (0)
∆𝑃2 = 𝑃2𝑠𝑐ℎ − 𝑃2 = −4 − (−1,14) = −2,86 𝑝. 𝑢
(0) (0)
∆𝑃3 = 𝑃3𝑠𝑐ℎ − 𝑃3 = 2 − (0,5616) = 1,4384 𝑝. 𝑢
(0) (0)
∆𝑄2 = 𝑄2𝑠𝑐ℎ − 𝑄2 = −2,5 − (−,28) = −0,22 𝑝. 𝑢
(0)
∆𝑃2 −2,8600
[ ]=[ ]
∆𝑃3
(0) 1,4384
(0)
[∆𝑄2 ] = [−0,2200]
−2,8600
(0)
∆𝛿2 −0,028182 −0,014545 1,0
[ (0) ] = −[ ]=
∆𝛿3 −0,014545 −0,023636 1,4384
[ 1,04 ]
(0)
∆𝛿2 −0,060483
[ ]=[ ]
(0)
∆𝛿3 −0,008909

[𝐵 ′′ ] = [−52]
1 −0,22
∆|𝑉2 | = − [ ][ ] = −0,0042308
−52 1,0
(1)
𝛿2 0 + (−0,060483) −0,060483
(1)
|| 𝛿3 || = | 0 + (−0,008909) | = |−0,008909|
(1)
|𝑉2 | 1,0 + (−0,004231) 0,995769

𝑃2 = |𝑉2 | |𝑌21 | |𝑉1 | 𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1 ) + |𝑉2 ||𝑌21 ||𝑉1 |𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃22 )

+ |𝑉2 ||𝑌23 ||𝑉3 |𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )
= 0,995769 (20) 1,05 cos (2,034147 − |0,060483| + 0) +
0,995769 (52) 0,995769 cos (−1,1086) +
0,995769 ( 32) 1,04 cos ( 2,034147) − (0,060483) − (0,008909)
= 20,9111 (0,9994) + 515609 (0,09998) + 33,1391(0,9993)
= 105,56 𝑝. 𝑢

𝑃3 = |𝑉3 ||𝑌3 ||𝑉1 |𝐶𝑜𝑠(𝜃31 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿1 ) + |𝑉3 ||𝑌32 ||𝑉2 |𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝜃32 − 𝛿3 + 𝛿2 )

+ |𝑉3 ||𝑌33 ||𝑉3 |𝐶𝑜𝑠 (𝜃33 )
1,04(30)(1,05) cos(1,892104 − 0,008909 + 0,060483) +
1,04(32)(0,995769) cos(2,034147) + 1,04 (62) (1,04) cos(1,17355
= 32,76 (0,9994) + 3,1067 (0,9993) + 67,0592 (0,9997)
= 102,88 𝑝. 𝑢

𝑄2 = −|𝑉2 | |𝑌21 | |𝑉1 | 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜃21 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿1 ) + |𝑉2 ||𝑌22 ||𝑉2 |𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃22 )

− |𝑉2 ||𝑌23 ||𝑉3 |𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜃23 − 𝛿2 + 𝛿3 )
= −0,995769(20)1,05 sin(2,034147 − 0,060483) + 0) −
0,995769 (52) (0,995769) sin(−1,1086) −
0,995769(32)(1,04) sin(2,034147) − (0,060483 + 0,008904)
= 20,9111(0,0365) − 51,5609(−0,0193) − 33,1391 (0,0364)
= −0,9743 𝑝. 𝑢
𝑃2 (0) = 105,56 𝑝. 𝑢
𝑃3 (0) = 102,88 𝑝. 𝑢
𝑄2 (0) = −0,9743 𝑝. 𝑢

Kreasi daya aktif dan relatif

(0) (0)
𝛥𝑃2 = 𝑃2𝑠𝑐ℎ − 𝑃2 = −4 − (105,56) = −109,56 𝑝. 𝑢
(0) (0)
𝛥𝑃3 = 𝑃3𝑠𝑐ℎ − 𝑃3 = 2 − (102,88) = −100,88 𝑝. 𝑢
(0) (0)
𝛥𝑄2 = 𝑄2𝑠𝑐ℎ − 𝑄2 = −2,5 − (−0,9743) = −1,5257 𝑝. 𝑢
(0)
𝛥𝑃2 −109,56
[ ] =[ ]
𝛥𝑃3
(0) −100,88
(0)
[ 𝛥𝑄2 ] = [ −1,5257]
(0)
𝛥𝑃2
(0) (0)
𝛥𝛿 −0,028182 − 0,014545 | 𝑉2 |
| 2(0) | =− | |
𝛥𝛿3 −0,014545 − 0,023636 |𝛥𝑃(0) |
3
(0)
𝑉3
−109,56
(0)
𝛥𝛿2 −0,028182 − 0,014545 1,0 |
| (0) | =− | | |
𝛥𝛿3 −0,014545 − 0,023636 −100,88
1,04
1 −0,023636 −0,014545
𝐴1 = [ ]
det 𝐴 −0,014545 −0,028182
det 𝐴 = − 0,028182 × 0,023636 − (−0,014545) × 0,023636
 = 0,0066 − 0,00034
= 0,001
1 −0,023636 −0,014545
𝐴1 = [ ]
−0,001 −0,014545 −0,028182
23,636 × (−109,56) −14,54 × 97
[ ]
14,54 × (−109,56) −28,182 × 97
−2589,56 −1410,865 −4000,425
[ ]=[ ]
−1593,00 − (−2733,654 1140,654
(0)
𝛥𝛿 −4000,425
| 2(0) | = | |
𝛥𝛿3 1140,654

[𝐵 " ] = [ −52 ]
(0)
1 𝛥𝑄2
𝛥|𝑉2 | = − [ ] [ (0) ]
−52 𝑉2
1 −0,22
𝛥|𝑉2 | = − [ ] [ ] = −0,0042308
−52 1,0

(1)
𝛿2 0 + (−4000,425) −4000,425
(1)
|| 𝛿3 || = | 0 + (1140,654) | = | 1140,654 |
(1)
| 𝑉2 | 1,0 + (−0,0042308) 0,995769

Aliran arus disetiap seluruh dalam sistem :

(2) (2)
𝐼12 (2) = 𝑌12 (𝑉1 − 𝑉2
= −10 + 𝑗20 (1,05 − 0,995769 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠