Gambar.............................................................................................................................iii
BAB I.................................................................................................................................1
1.1 SPESIFIKASI BAHAN / MATERIAL.................................................................1
1.2 PERENCANAAN DIMENSI BALOK.................................................................1
1.3 PERENCANAAN TEBAL PELAT......................................................................4
1.4 PERHITUNGAN LEBAR EFEKTIF....................................................................6
BAB II.............................................................................................................................11
2.1 DATA PERENCANAAN....................................................................................11
2.2 PEMBEBANAN PELAT ATAP (SNI 2847-2019 PASAL 5.3.1)......................11
2.3 PEMBEBANAN PELAT LANTAI....................................................................16
2.4 TULANGAN PEMBAGI....................................................................................21
BAB III............................................................................................................................22
3.1 MODELISASI TANGGA...................................................................................22
3.2 DATA PERENCANAAN..................................................................................22
3.3 TEBAL EKIVALEN PELAT TANGGA............................................................23
3.4 PEMBEBANAN PELAT....................................................................................23
3.5 PENULANGAN PELAT.....................................................................................24
3.6 PELAT BORDES................................................................................................26
3.7 PEMBEBANAN BALOK BORDES..................................................................28
BAB IV............................................................................................................................34
4.1 PEMBEBANAN MERATA BALOK ATAP......................................................34
4.2 PEMBEBANAN TERPUSAT BALOK ATAP..................................................37
4.3 PEMBEBANAN MERATA BALOK LANTAI.................................................38
4.4 PEMBEBANAN TERPUSAT BALOK LANTAI..............................................42
4.5 PEMBEBANAN TERPUSAT BALOK LANTAI..............................................43
BAB V.............................................................................................................................46
5.1 DATA PERENCANAAN....................................................................................46
5.2 BALOK ANAK ATAP.......................................................................................46
5.3 BALOK ANAK LANTAI...................................................................................54
BAB VI............................................................................................................................65
6.1 DATA PERENCANAAN....................................................................................65
i
6.2 BALOK INDUK ATAP......................................................................................65
BAB VII..........................................................................................................................78
7.1. DATA PERENCANAAN....................................................................................78
7.2. JENIS KOLOM...................................................................................................78
7.3 PENULANGAN KOLOM..................................................................................81
BAB VIII..........................................................................................................................85
8.1 KESIMPULAN..................................................................................................85
ii
Gambar
iii
iv
BAB I
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
1
= 1 / 2 x 40 Cm
= 20 Cm ................... Pakai b = 20 Cm
2
Lebar Balok ( b )
B =1/2xh
= 1 / 2 x 75 cm
= 37,5 cm.....................pakai b = 40 cm
# Dimensi balok induk tribun adalah 40 cm x 75 cm
3
KOLOM
Kolom Lantai 2 (H = 500 Cm)
Lebar kolom = b.balok + 10
= 25 + 10 = 35 (DIMENSI KOLOM 35/35)
Ln 0,8
fy
1400
= dan tidak boleh kurang dari 125 mm
h = 36 9 m 0.2'
4
Ln 0,8
fy
1400
h = = dan tidak boleh kurang dari 90 mm
36 9
Keterangan :
Ln = panjang bentang bersih dalam arah memanjang dari konstruksi dua arah
β = rasio bentang besih dalam dalam arah memanjang terhadap arah memendek
pada pelat dua arah
αm = nilai rata-rata α untuk semua balok pada tepi-tepi dari suatu panel
fy = mutu tulangan baja (MPa)
Ketrangan :
bw = lebar balok (cm)
hf = tebal rencana pelat (cm)
hb = selisih antara tinggi balok dengan tebal plat (cm)
5
Check apakah tebal pelat memenuhi dari tebal pelat yang diisyaratkan dengan
mengambil contoh perhitungan preliminari desain pelat atap, maka diambil panel yang
bertumpu pada balok (1,C-D) ; (2,C-D) ; (C,1-2) ; (D,1-2).
1.4.1 Pelat yang dijepit balok 25/50 (1, C-D) dengan Panjang = 600 Cm
Hb = h-hf = 50 - 15 = 35 Cm
Be1 = hb = 35 Cm
Be2 = 4hf = 4 x 15 = 60 Cm
Be diambil 35 Cm h𝐹 hb
(be+bw) x hf x
Ya + bw x hb x ( +hf)
2 2
(be+bw)x hf+bw x hb
=
6
15 35
(35+30) x 15 x
+ 25 x 35 x ( +15)
2 2
= (35+25) x 15 + 25 x 35
6750 + 28437,5
= 900 + 875 = 19,82 Cm
Yb = h – Ya = 50 – 19,82 = 30,18 Cm
1
Ib = hf
12 x (be + bw) x hfᶟ + (Ya - )² x (be + bw) x hf +
1 2
hb
12 x bw x hbᶟ + (Yb - )² x bw x hb
2
1 15
= 12 x (35 + 25) x 15ᶟ + (19,82 - )² x (35 + 25) x 15 +
1 2
35
12 ᶟ
x 25 x 35 + (30,18 - )² x 25 x 35
2
= 16875 + 13660416 + 89322,916 + 1440684,6
= 383486,676 Cm4
1
Is =
x 300 x 15ᶟ = 84375 Cm
1
12 x bs x tᶟ = 4
12
Ib 383486,676
= 4,54
α1 =
Is
=
84375
1.4.2 Pelat yang dijepit balok 15/25 (2, C-D) dengan Panjang = 300 Cm
Hb = h-hf = 25 - 15 = 10 Cm
Be1 = bw + 2hb = 15 + 2x15 = 45 Cm
Be2 = bw + 8hf = 15 + 8x15 = 135 Cm
Be diambil 45 Cm
h𝐹 hb
be x hf x
Ya 2
+ bw x hb x ( +hf)
2
be x hf + bw x hb
=
15 10
45 x 15 x
+ 15 x 10 x ( +15)
2 2
=
7
45 x 15 + 15 x 10
8
5062,5 +3000
= 675 + 150 = 9,77 Cm
Yb = h – Ya = 25 – 9,77 = 15,23 Cm
1
Ib = hf
12 x be x hfᶟ + (Ya - )² x be x hf +
2
1
hb
12 x bw x hbᶟ + (Yb - )² x bw x hb
2
1 15
= 12 x 45 x 15ᶟ + (9,77 - )² x 45 x 15 +
2
1
10
12 x 15 x 10ᶟ + (15,23 - )² x 15 x 10
2
1
Is =
x 300 x 15ᶟ = 84375Cm
1
12 x bs x tᶟ = 4
12
Ib 26347,385
= 0,31
α2 = =
Is 84375
1.4.3 Pelat yang dijepit balok 25/50 (C, 1-2) dengan Panjang = 500 Cm
Hb = h-hf = 50 - 15 = 35 Cm
Be1 = hb = 35 Cm
Be2 = 4hf = 4 x 15 = 60 Cm
Be diambil 35 Cm h𝐹 hb
(be+bw) x hf x
Ya + bw x hb x ( +hf)
2 2
(be+bw)x hf+bw x hb
=
15 35
(35+30) x 15 x
9
+ 25 x 35 x ( +15)
2 2
= (35+25) x 15 + 25 x 35
10
6750 + 28437,5
= 900 + 875 = 19,82 Cm
Yb = h – Ya = 50 – 19,82 = 30,18 Cm
1
Ib = hf
12 x (be + bw) x hfᶟ + (Ya - )² x (be + bw) x hf +
1 2
hb
12 x bw x hbᶟ + (Yb - )² x bw x hb
2
1 15
= 12 x (35 + 25) x 15ᶟ + (19,82 - )² x (35 + 25) x 15 +
1 2
35
12 ᶟ
x 25 x 35 + (30,18 - )² x 25 x 35
2
= 16875 + 13660416 + 89322,916 + 1440684,6
= 383486,676 Cm4
1
Is =
x 300 x 15ᶟ = 84375 Cm
1
12 x bs x tᶟ = 4
12
Ib 383486,676
= 4,54
α3 =
Is
=
84375
1.4.4 Pelat yang dijepit balok 15/25 (D, 1-2) dengan Panjang = 250 Cm
Hb = h-hf = 25 - 15 = 10 Cm
Be1 = bw + 2hb = 15 + 2x15 = 45 Cm
Be2 = bw + 8hf = 15 + 8x15 = 135 Cm
Be diambil 45 Cm
h𝐹 hb
be x hf x
Ya 2
+ bw x hb x ( +hf)
2
be x hf + bw x hb
=
15 10
45 x 15 x
+ 15 x 10 x ( +15)
2 2
= 45 x 15 + 15 x 10
5062,5 +3000
= = 9,77 Cm
11
675 + 150
Yb = h – Ya = 25 – 9,77 = 15,23 Cm
12
1
Ib = hf
12 x be x hfᶟ + (Ya - )² x be x hf +
2
1 hb
12 x bw x hbᶟ + (Yb - )² x bw x hb
2
1 15
= 12 x 45 x 15ᶟ + (9,77 - )² x 45 x 15 +
2
1 10
12 x 15 x 10ᶟ + (15,23 - )² x 15 x 10
2
1
Is =
x 300 x 15ᶟ = 84375Cm
1
12 x bs x tᶟ = 4
12
Ib 26347,385
= 0,31
α4 = =
Is 84375
1
Maka, αm = (4,54 + 0,31+ 4,54+ 0,31) = 2,42
4
dan tebal minimum tidak kurang dari 90 mm, maka tebal pelat diperlukan 100 mm
13
BAB II
PERENCANAAN PELAT
14
Berdasarkan hasil interpolasi Lx/Ly = 1,2 adalah sebagai berikut : Cx = 28 ; Cy
= 20 ; Ctx = 64 ; Cty = 56.
MENCARI NILAI :
fc’ = 15 MPa = 15000 kN/m2
15
1 = 0,85.............(Untuk fc’ < 28 MPa, nilai 1 adalah 0,85)
(SNI 2847-2013 Pasal 10.2.7.3)
1,4
min =
fy 1,4 = 0,0058
= 240
fy
m = 0,85 x fc′ = 240 = 18,82
0,85 x 15
PENULANGAN ARAH X
Momen Lapangan :
Mlx = 1,605 KNm
Mlx
Rn = Øxbxd 1,605
= 0,8 x 1 x 0,0752
= 356,66 kN/m2
16
1 2 x Rn
= (1 − √1 − )
m 0,85 x fc′
2 x 356,66
1 (1 − √1 − )
= 18,82 0,85 x 15000
As =xbxd
= 0,0058 x 1000 x 75 = 435 mm2
Maka dipakai tulangan........................Ø10 – 175 (As = 449 mm2)
Momen Tumpuan :
Mtx = - 3,669 KNm
Mtx
Rn =Ø x b x d 3,669
= 0,8 x 1 x 0,0752
= 815,33 kN/m2
1 2 x Rn
= (1 − √1 − )
m 0,85 x fc′
1 2 x 815,33
= 18,82 (1 − √1 − 0,85 x 15000 )
= 0,053 x (0,066) = 0,00349
As =xbxd
= 0,0058 x 1000 x 75 = 435 mm2
Maka dipakai tulangan........................Ø10 – 175 (As = 449 mm2)
PENULANGAN ARAH Y
17
Momen Lapangan :
Mly = 1,146 KNm
𝑀𝑙𝑦 1,146
Rn =Ø 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑 = 0,8 𝑥 1 𝑥 0,0652
= 339,05 kN/m2
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′
2 𝑥 339,05
1 (1 − √1 − )
= 18,82 0,85 𝑥 15000
18
= 0,106 x (0,027) = 0,00143
< min, maka menggunakan nilai min = 0,0058
As =xbxd
= 0,0058 x 1000 x 65 = 377 mm2
Maka dipakai tulangan........................Ø10 – 175 (As = 449 mm2)
Momen Tumpuan
Mty = - 3,21 KNm
𝑀𝑡𝑦
Rn =Ø 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑 3,21
= 0,8 𝑥 1 𝑥 0,0652
= 949,704 kN/m2
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′
1 2 𝑥 949,704
= 18,82 (1 − √1 − 0,85 𝑥 15000 )
= 0,106 x (0,077) = 0,00408
< min, maka menggunakan nilai min = 0,0058
As =xbxd
19
= 0,0058 x 1000 x 65 = 377 mm2
Maka dipakai tulangan........................Ø10 – 175 (As = 449 mm2)
KONTROL LENDUTAN
h pelat = 100 mm, dengan αm = 2,46 (αm > 2) maka h ≥ 90 mm. (Syarat telah terpenuhi,
jadi lendutan tidak perlu dikontrol).
c. Beban Ultimate
WU = 1,2 WD + 1,6 WL
= 1,2 x (324) + 1,6 (150)
= 628,8 Kg/m2 = 6,28 kN/m2
MENCARI NILAI :
fc’ = 15 MPa = 15000 kN/m2
1 = 0,85.............(Untuk fc’ < 28 MPa, nilai 1 adalah 0,85)
(SNI 2847-2013 Pasal 10.2.7.3)
22
1,4
min =
𝑓𝑦 =
1,4 = 0,0058
240
𝑓𝑦
m = 0,85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′ = 240 = 18,82
0,85 𝑥 15
PENULANGAN ARAH X
Momen Lapangan :
Mlx 1,582
Rn = Øxbxd = 0,8 x 1 x 0,0752
= 351,55 kN/m2
23
1 2 x Rn
= (1 − √1 − )
m 0,85 x fc′
1 2 x 351,55
= 18,82 (1 − √1 − 0,85 x 15000 )
As =xbxd
= 0,0058 x 1000 x 75 = 435 mm2
Maka dipakai tulangan........................Ø10 – 175 (As = 449 mm2)
Momen Tumpuan
Mtx 3,617
Rn =Ø x b x d = 0,8 x 1 x 0,0752
= 803,77 kN/m2
1 2 x Rn
= (1 − √1 − )
m 0,85 x fc′
1 2 x 803,77
= (1 − √1 − )
18,82 0,85 x 15000
As =xbxd
= 0,0058 x 1000 x 75 = 435 mm2
Maka dipakai tulangan........................Ø10 – 175 (As = 449 mm2)
PENULANGAN ARAH Y
24
Momen Lapangan
Mly 1,13
Rn =Ø x b x d = 0,8 x 1 x 0,0652
= 334,319 kN/m2
1 2 x Rn
= (1 − √1 − )
m 0,85 x fc′
2 x 334,319
1 (1 − √1 − )
= 18,82 0,85 x 15000
As =xbxd
= 0,0058 x 1000 x 65 = 377 mm2
Momen Tumpuan
Mty 3,615
Rn =Ø x b x d = 0,8 x 1 x 0,0652
= 936,39 kN/m2
1 2 x Rn
= (1 − √1 − )
m 0,85 x fc′
25
1 2 x 936,39
= 18,82 (1 − √1 − 0,85 x 15000 )
As =xbxd
= 0,0058 x 1000 x 65 = 377 mm2
0,7 0,7
min = = = 0,0029
fy 240
0,7 0,7
min = = = 0,0029
fy 240
26
BAB III
PERENCANAAN TANGGA
BD = ABxBC = 20 𝑥 24 = 15,364 cm
AC √202+242
2
Y = BD + H.Pelat = 2
3 15,364 + 15 = 25,243 cm
3
b. Beban Hidup
QL = 1,5 x 200 = 300 kg/m2
c. Beban Terfaktor
Qu = 1,2 Qd + 1,6 QL
28
= ( 1,2 x 1079,2) + ( 1,6 x 300 )
29
= 1775,04 kg/m2 = 17,75 kN/m2
PELAT BORDES
a. Beban Mati
Berat sendiri pelat : 0,15 x 3 x 2400 = 1080 kg/m2
Berat Tegel (1 cm) : 1 x 3 x 24 = 72 kg/m2
Berat Spesi (2 cm) : 2 x 3 x 21 = 126 kg/m2
Berat Sandaran = 73 kg/m2
Qd = 1351 kg/m2
b. Beban Hidup
QL = 3 x 200 = 600 kg/m2
c. Beban Terfaktor
Qu = 1,2 Qd + 1,6 QL
= ( 1,2 x 1351) + ( 1,6 x 600 )
= 2581,2 kg/m = 25,81 kN/m
MENCARI NILAI :
fc’ = 15 Mpa = 15000 kN/m2
1 = 0,85.... ( Untuk fc’ < 28 MPa, nilai 1 adalah 0,85)
( SNI 2847-2013 Pasal 10.2.7.3 )
0,85 𝑥 𝟏 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′
balance = 600
𝑓𝑦 + 600+𝑓𝑦
0,85 𝑥 0,85 𝑥 15
= 600
240 + 600+240
= 0,045 x 0,714 = 0,032
30
max = 0,75 x balance
= 0,75 x 0,032
= 0,024
1,4
min =
= 240 = 0,0058
1,4
𝑓𝑦
𝑓𝑦
m =
= 0,85 𝑥 15 = 18,82
240
0,85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′
Tulangan Tumpuan :
2 𝑅𝑛
= 1
(1- √1 − )= 1 2 𝑥 0,532
𝑚 0,85 𝐹𝑐′ 18,82 (1- √1 − 0,85 𝑥 15 )
= 0,0022
< min, maka menggunakan nilai min = 0,0058
As = x b x d = 0,0058 x 1500 x 125 = 1087,5 mm2
Maka dipakai tulangan ……… 10 – 75 (As terpasang =1047 mm2)
Tulangan Lapangan :
2 𝑅𝑛
= 1
(1- √1 − )= 1 2 𝑥 0,851
𝑚 0,85 𝐹𝑐′ 18,82 (1- √1 − 0,85 𝑥 15 )
= 0,0036
31
< min, maka menggunakan nilai min = 0,0058
As = x b x d = 0,0058 x 1500 x 125 = 1087,5 mm2
32
Maka dipakai tulangan ……… 10 – 75 (As terpasang =1047 mm2)
Tulangan Pembagi :
Diameter Tulangan = 8 mm
d = 150 – 20 – 10 – 8/2 = 116 mm
0,7
min =
𝑓𝑦 =
0,7 = 0,0029
240
MENCARI NILAI :
fc’ = 15 Mpa = 15000 kN/m2
0,85 𝑥 𝟏 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′
balance = 𝑓𝑦 600
+ 600+𝑓𝑦
0,85 𝑥 0,85 𝑥 15 600
= 240 + 600+240
= 0,045 x 0,714 = 0,032
33
𝑓𝑦
m 240
= 0,85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′ = 0,85 = 18,82
𝑥 15
Tulangan Tumpuan :
2 𝑅𝑛
= 1 (1- √1 − )= 1
2 𝑥 1,1608
𝑚 0,85 𝐹𝑐′ 18,82 (1- √1 − 0,85 𝑥 15 )
= 0,00508
< min, maka menggunakan nilai min = 0,0058
As = x b x d = 0,0058 x 1500 x 125 = 1087,5 mm2
Maka dipakai tulangan ……… 10 – 75 (As terpasang = 1047 mm2)
Tulangan Lapangan :
2 𝑅𝑛
= 1
(1- √1 − )= 1 2 𝑥 1,857
𝑚 0,85 𝐹𝑐′ 18,82 (1- √1 − 0,85 𝑥 15 )
= 0,0084
max > > min, maka menggunakan nilai = 0,0084
As = x b x d = 0,0084 x 1500 x 125 = 1575 mm2
Maka dipakai tulangan ……… 10 – 50 (As terpasang = 1571 mm2)
Tulangan Pembagi :
Diameter Tulangan = 8 mm
34
D = 150 – 20 – 10 – 8/2 = 116 mm
35
0,7
min =
𝑓𝑦 =
1,4 = 0,0029
240
0,85 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′
balance = 𝑓𝑦 600
+ 600+𝑓𝑦
36
0,85 𝑥 0,85 𝑥 15 600
= 240 + 600+240
= 0,045 x 0,714 = 0,032
𝑓𝑦
m = 0,85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐 = 240 = 18,82
′ 0,85 𝑥 15
2 𝑅𝑛
= 1
(1- √1 − )= 1
2 𝑥 2973,73
𝑚 0,85 𝐹𝑐′ 18,82 (1- √1 − 0,85 𝑥 15.103 )
= 0,014
min < < max, maka menggunakan nilai = 0,014
As = xbxd = 0,014 x 200 x 235,5 = 659,4 mm2
659,4
Jumlah tulangan = = 1,344 = 2 buah
490,625
As ada = 2 x 490,625 = 981,25 mm2
S 200−2𝑥40−2𝑥12−2𝑥25
= 2−1 = 46 mm ( >25 mm, OK )
𝐴𝑠 .𝐹𝑦
a = 0,85 . 𝐹𝑐′.𝑏 =
981,25 𝑥 240 = 92,35
0,85 𝑥 15 𝑥 200
Ø Mn = Ø As.Fy (d – a/2)
= 0,8 x 981,25 x 240 x (235,5 – ½ x 92,35)
= 35668830 N mm = 35,66 kN m ( > Mu, OK )
37
Tulangan Geser
38
D eff = 235,5 mm
Vu = 1 𝑥 𝑄𝑢 𝑥 𝐿 = 1 𝑥 35,34 𝑥 3
2 2
= 53,01 kN = 53010 N
Ø Vc = Ø x 0,17 x λ x √𝑓𝑐′ x b x d
39
3.2 PONDASI TANGGA
Pembebanan Pondasi
Berat Telapak Pondasi = 1,2 x 1,5 x 0,3 x 2400 = 1296 Kg
Berat Tanah = 2 x 0,5 ( 1,2 – 0,3 ) x 1,5 x 1200 = 1620 Kg
Berat Kolom = ( 1,2 – 0,9 ) x 0,2 x 1,5 x 2400 = 216 Kg
Pu = 14000 Kg+
Vu = 17132 Kg
𝑀𝑢 9,98
𝑒= = = 0,058 𝑚 ( < 1/6 BL, OK )
40
𝑉𝑢 171,32
41
𝑉𝑢 𝑀𝑢
σ Terjadi = + 17132 998
𝐴 1⁄ 𝑥 𝐵 𝑥 𝐿
=
1,2 𝑥 1,5 + 1⁄
6 6 𝑥 1,2 𝑥 1,5
= 12844,44 Kg/m2 ( < σ Tanah, OK )
0,85 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′
balance = 𝑓𝑦 600
+ 600+𝑓𝑦
0,85 𝑥 0,85 𝑥 15 600
= 240 + 600+240
= 0,045 x 0,714 = 0,032
𝑓𝑦
m = 0,85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′ = 240 = 18,82
0,85 𝑥 15
Mu = 1 𝑥 σ 𝑥 𝑡2 = 1 𝑥 12844,44 𝑥 0,52
2 2
Sisi Lebar
𝑀𝑢
Rn = 16055550 2
Ø x b x 𝑑2 = 0,8 x 1200 x 235,52 = 0,3015 kN/m
42
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − ) = 1
2 𝑥 0,3015
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′ 18,82 (1 − √1 − 0,85 𝑥 15 )
Sisi Panjang
𝑀𝑢
Rn = 16055550 2
Ø x b x 𝑑2 = 0,8 x 1500 x 235,52 = 0,2412 kN/m
1 2𝑥
= (1 − √1 − ) = 1
2 𝑥 0,2412
𝑅𝑛 (1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′ 18,82 0,85 𝑥 15
Tulangan Geser
Vu = σ A efektif = 12844,44 x 0,2 x 1,5
= 3853,332 Kg
Ø Vc = Ø x 0,17 x λ x √𝑓𝑐′ x b x d
44
½ Ø Vc = ½ x 120942,81 = 60471,405 N
Vu < ½ Ø Vc maka dipakai Sengkang dengan diameter kecil ( Ø 8 )
Spasi = ½ d = ½ x 235,5 = 117,75 mm
BAB IV
PERENCANAAN PEMBEBANAN
46
Berat balok sendiri = 0,25 x 0,45 x 24 = 2,7 kN/m +
QD = 5,8 kN/m
Beban Hidup Ekivalen (QL)
1 1
QL = ( 𝑊𝐿 𝑥 2) = ( 𝑥 2,0 𝑥 2) = 2,0 kN/m
2 2
48
BEBAN EKIVALEN
DIMENSI BALOK
QD QL
1,A-C ; 15,A-C 6,62 2,33
1,C-E ; 15,C-E 6,62 2,33
25/50
3,A-C; 5,A-C; 7,A-C; 9,A-C; 11,A-C; 13,A-C
10,23 4,67
3,C-E; 5,C-E; 7,C-E; 9,C-E; 11,C-E; 13,C-E
A,1-3; A,3-5; A,5-7; A,7-9; A,9-11; A,11-
5,8 2
13; A,13-15
25/45
C,1-3; C,3-5; C,5-7; C,7-9; C,9-11; C,11-
8,9 4
13; C,13-15
49
TITIK A3 = A5 = A9 = A11 = A13
PD = 5,8 x 5 = 29 kN
PL = 2,0 x 5 = 10 kN
TTIK B3 = B5 = B7 = B9 = B11 = B13 = D3 = D5 = D7 = D9 = D11 = D13
PD = 5,03 x 2,5 = 12,575 kN
PL = 2,67 X 2,5 = 6,675 kN
TITIK C3 = C5 = C9 = C11 = C13
PD = 8,9 x 5 = 44,5 kN
PL = 4 x 5 = 20 kN
TITIK A2= A4 = A6 = A8 = A10 = A12 = A14
PD = ½ x 8,13 x 6 = 24,39 kN
PL = ½ x 4,67 x 6 = 14,01 kN
TITIK C2 = C4 = C6 = C8 = C10 = C12 = C14
PD = ½ x 2 (8,13 x 6) = 48,78 kN
PL = ½ x 2 (4,67 x 6) = 28,02 kN
TITIK B2 = B4 = B6 = B8 = B10 = B12 = B14 = D2 = D4 = D6 = D8 = D10 = D12 =
D14
PD = ½ x 5,03 x 5 = 12,575 kN
PL = ½ x 2,67 x 5 = 6,675 kN
53
QD = 12,15 kN/m
Beban Hidup Ekivalen (QL)
𝑤 (𝐿𝑦−𝐿𝑥) 2 𝑥 1,5 (8,5−2,5)
QL = 2 ( 𝐿𝑦 ) =2( 8,5 ) = 4,24 kN/m
4.3.9 BALOK ANAK TRIBUN (8,5 m)
Beban Mati Ekivalen (QD)
𝑤 (𝐿𝑦−𝐿𝑥) 2 𝑥 3,24 (8,5−2,5)
WD = 2 ( 𝐿𝑦 ) =2( 8,5 ) = 9,15 kN/m
Berat balok sendiri = 0,15 x 0,25 x 24 = 0,9 kN/m +
QD = 10,05 kN/m
Beban Hidup Ekivalen (QL)
𝑤 (𝐿𝑦−𝐿𝑥) 2 𝑥 1,5 (8,5−2,5)
QL = 2 ( 𝐿𝑦 ) =2( 8,5 ) = 4,24 kN/m
BEBAN EKIVALEN
DIMENSI BALOK
QD QL
1,A-C ; 15,A-C 18,44 1,75
25/50
3,A-C; 5,A-C; 7,A-C; 9,A-C; 11,A-C; 13,A-C 22,22 3,5
A,1-3; A,3-5; A,5-7; A,7-9; A,9-11; A,11-
17,6 1,5
13; A,13-15
25/45
C,1-3; C,3-5; C,5-7; C,7-9; C,9-11; C,11-13;
20,84 3
C,13-15
54
2,C-E; 4,C-E; 6,C-E; 8,C-E; 10,C-E; 12,C-E;
20/40 10,05 4,24
14,C-E
TITIK A1 = A15
PD = (½ x 17,6 x 5) + 17,64 + 14,5 = 76,14 kN
PL = (½ x 1,5 x 5) + 6,25 = 10 kN
TITIK B1 = B15 = D1 = D15
PD = ½ x 5,22 x 2,5 = 6,525 kN
PL = ½ x 2 x 2,5 = 2,5 kN
TITIK C1 = C15
PD = (½ x 20,84 x 5) + 17,64 + 22,5 = 92,24 kN
PL = (½ x 3 x 5) + 12,5 = 20 kN
TITIK A3 = A5 = A9 = A11 = A13
PD = (17,6 x 5) + 17,64 + 29 = 134,64 kN
PL = (3 x 5) + 12,5 = 27,5 kN
TTIK B3 = B5 = B7 = B9 = B11 = B13 = D3 = D5 = D7 = D9 = D11 = D13
PD = 5,22 x 2,5 = 13,05 kN
PL = 2 x 2,5 = 5 kN
TITIK C3 = C5 = C9 = C11 = C13
PD = (20,84 x 5) + 17,64 + 44,5 = 166,04 kN
PL = (3 x 5) + 25 = 40 kN
TITIK A2= A4 = A6 = A8 = A10 = A12 = A14
PD = ½ x 6,46 x 6 = 19,38 kN
PL = ½ x 3,5 x 6 = 10,5 kN
TITIK C2 = C4 = C6 = C8 = C10 = C12 = C14
PD = ½ x (8,13 x 6 + 10,05 x 8,5) = 69,015 kN
55
PL = ½ x (5,83 x 6 + 4,24 x 8,5) = 35,51 kN
TITIK B2 = B4 = B6 = B8 = B10 = B12 = B14 = D2 = D4 = D6 = D8 = D10 = D12 =
D14
PD = ½ x 5,22 x 5 = 13,05 kN
PL = ½ x 2 x 5 = 5 kN
57
g. = 0,436 x 1,4 (SNI 1726 – 2019 Pasal 7.8.2.1)
=0,611 s
h. Koefisien Respon Seismik (CS) (SNI 1726 – 2019 Pasal 7.8)
S DS S D1
𝐶𝑠 = R
Ie
< R
(Ie )
0,727 0,711
𝐶𝑠 = 8 < 8
0,611( )
1 1
58
BAB V
PERENCANAAN TULANGAN BALOK ANAK
5.1 DATA PERENCANAAN
a. Mutu Beton (Fc’) : 15 MPa
b. Mutu Tulangan (Fy) : 240 MPa
c. Tulangan Utama : Ø 14 mm
d. Luas Tulangan Utama (Avt) : ¼ x 𝝅 x 142 = 153,86 mm2
e. Tulangan Sengkang : Ø 8 mm
f. Luas Tulangan Sengkang (Avs) : ¼ x 𝝅 x 82 = 50,24 mm2
g. Tebal Selimut beton : 40 mm
h. 1 : 0,85 (SNI2847-2019 pasal 10.2.7.3)
i. 0,85 𝑥 1 x fc′
balance = 𝐹𝑦 600
𝑥 600+𝐹𝑦
0,85 𝑥 0,85 x
=
15 600
240 𝑥 600+240
= 0,045 x 0,714 = 0,032
j. max = 0,75 x balance
= 0,75 x 0,032
= 0,024
1,4 1,4
k. min = = = 0,0058
𝐹𝑦 240
𝐹𝑦
l. m =
0,85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′ 240
= 0,85 𝑥 15 = 18,8
5.2 BALOK ANAK ATAP
BALOK ANAK MELINTANG 15/25
d = 250 – 40 – 8 – ½ x 14 = 195 mm
Perhitungan Beban Balok dari Beban Pelat dan Balok
Beban Mati (QD) : 8,13 kN/m
Beban Hidup (QL) : 4,67 kN/m
Qu = 1,2 (QD) + 1,6 (QL)
59
= 1,2 (8,13) + 1,6 (4,67) = 17,23 kN/m
TULANGAN TUMPUAN
1
M =
T 16 𝑥 17,23 𝑥 32 = 9,69 kN m
𝑀𝑇 9,69
Rn = = = 2123,6 kN/m2
Øxbx 𝑑2 0,8 x 0,15 x 0,1952
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )= 2 𝑥 2123,6
1 (1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
TULANGAN LAPANGAN
1
M =
L 14 𝑥 17,23 𝑥 32 = 11,08 kN m
𝑀𝑇 11,08
Rn = = = 2428,2 kN/m2
Øxbx 𝑑2 0,8 x 0,15 x 0,1952
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )= 2 𝑥 2428,2
1 (1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
60
= 0,053 x (0,213) = 0,011
min < < max, maka nilai = 0,011
61
As Perlu = x b x d = 0,011 x 150 x 195 = 321,75 mm2
321,75
Jumlah Tulangan = = 2,09 ≈ 2 Buah
153,86
As ada = 2 x 153,86 = 307,72 mm2
150 − 2 𝑥 40 − 2 𝑥 8 −2 𝑥 14
S = 2−1 = 26 mm ( >25 mm, OK )
𝐴𝑠 𝑥 𝐹𝑦
a = 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′𝑥 𝑏
= 0,85 𝑥 15 𝑥 150 = 38,6
307,72 𝑥 240
Ø Mn 𝑎
= Ø As x Fy (d – )
2
38,6
= 0,8 x 307,72 x 240 x (195 – )
2
= 10380749,57 N mm = 10,38 kN m ( >MT , OK)
TULANGAN GESER
1
V =
U 2 𝑥 17,23 𝑥 3 = 25,845 kN = 25845 N
Ø VC = Ø . 0,17 . λ . √𝐹𝑐′ . b . d
63
Ø VS ada = 0,65 x 43648,5 = 28371,5 N
Ø Vn = Ø VC + Ø VS = 11619,24 + 28371,5
= 39990,74 N ( > VU , OK )
RETAK
AS = 150 x 250 = 37500 mm2
EC = 4700√𝐹𝑐′ = 4700 x √15 = 18203 MPa
ES = 2 x 105 MPa
1 1
Ig = x b x h3 = x 150 x 2503 = 195312500 mm4
12 12
𝐸𝑆 2 𝑥 105 = 4234375 N mm
n = = = 10,98
𝐸𝐶 18203
𝑏𝑤 150 = 0,00036
B = 𝑛 𝑥 𝐴𝑆 = 10,98 𝑥 37500
d = 181 mm
64
= 1 . 𝑏. 𝐶3 + 𝑛.
𝐴 . (𝑑 − 𝐶)2
3 𝑆
65
= 1 𝑥 150 𝑥 175,463 + 10,98 𝑥 37500 𝑥 (181 − 175,46)2
3
= 270087434 + 12637266,3
= 282724700,3 mm4
𝑀𝑈
FS = . (𝑑 − 𝑐). 𝑛
𝐼𝐶𝑟
11,08 𝑥 106
= 282724700,3 𝑥 (181 − 175,46) 𝑥 10,98
= 2,384 MPa ( < 0,6 Fy , OK)
ℎ−𝑐 250−175,46
= 𝑑−𝑐 = 181−175,46 = 13,45
dc = h – d = 250 – 181 = 69 mm
A = 1 . 𝑏 . 2 . 𝑑𝑐 = 1 𝑥 150 𝑥 2 𝑥 69 = 6900 mm2
3 3
Lebar Retak Max (w) = 11. 10−6 . . 𝐹𝑆3 . √𝑑𝑐 . 𝐴
3
= 11. 10−6 𝑥 13,45 x 2,384 𝑥 √69 𝑥 6900
= 0,0275 mm
TULANGAN TUMPUAN
1
M =
T 16 𝑥 10,308 𝑥 2,52 = 4,027 kN m
𝑀𝑇 4,027
Rn = = = 882,5 kN/m2
Øxbx 𝑑2 0,8 x 0,15 x 0,1952
66
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )= 2 𝑥 882,5
1 (1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
Ø Mn 𝑎
= Ø As x Fy (d – )
2
38,6
= 0,8 x 307,72 x 240 x (195 – )
2
= 10380749,57 N mm = 10,38 kN m ( >MT , OK)
TULANGAN LAPANGAN
1
M =
L 14 𝑥 10,308 𝑥 2,52 = 4,602 kN m
𝑀𝑇 4,602
Rn = = = 1008,55 kN/m2
Øxbx 𝑑2 0,8 x 0,15 x 0,1952
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )= 2 𝑥 1008,55
1 (1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
68
𝐴𝑠 𝑥 𝐹𝑦 307,72 𝑥 240 = 38,6
a = 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′𝑥 𝑏 = 0,85 𝑥 15 𝑥 150
Ø Mn 𝑎
= Ø As x Fy (d – )
2
38,6
= 0,8 x 307,72 x 240 x (195 – )
2
= 10380749,57 N mm = 10,38 kN m ( >ML , OK)
TULANGAN GESER
1
V =
U 2 𝑥 10,308 𝑥 2,5 = 12,885 kN = 12885 N
Ø VC = Ø . 0,17 . λ . √𝐹𝑐′ . b . d
69
RETAK
AS = 150 x 250 = 37500 mm2
EC = 4700√𝐹𝑐′ = 4700 x √15 = 18203 MPa
ES = 2 x 105 MPa
1 1
Ig = x b x h3 = x 150 x 2503 = 195312500 mm4
12 12
𝐸𝑆 2 𝑥 105 = 4234375 N mm
n = = = 10,98
𝐸𝐶 18203
𝑏𝑤 150 = 0,00036
B = 𝑛 𝑥 𝐴𝑆 = 10,98 𝑥 37500
d = 195 mm
= 335424722,8 + 16865280
70
= 352290002,8 mm4
71
𝑀𝑈
FS = . (𝑑 − 𝑐). 𝑛
𝐼𝐶𝑟
4,602 𝑥 106
= 352290002,8 𝑥 (195 − 188,6) 𝑥 10,98
= 0,918 MPa ( < 0,6 Fy , OK)
ℎ−𝑐 250−188,6
= 𝑑−𝑐 = 195−188,6 = 9,59
dc = h – d = 250 – 195 = 55 mm
A = 1 . 𝑏 . 2 . 𝑑𝑐 = 1 𝑥 150 𝑥 2 𝑥 55 = 5500 mm2
3 3
Lebar Retak Max (w) = 11. 10−6 . . 𝐹𝑆3 . √𝑑𝑐 . 𝐴
3
= 11. 10−6 𝑥 9,59 x 0,918 𝑥 √55 𝑥 5500
= 0,0065 mm
TULANGAN TUMPUAN
1
M =
T 16 𝑥 13,352 𝑥 32 = 7,51 kN m
𝑀𝑇 7,51
Rn = = = 1645,85 kN/m2
Øxbx 𝑑2 0,8 x 0,15 x 0,1952
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )= 2 𝑥 1645,85
1 (1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
73
As Perlu = x b x d = 0,0074 x 150 x 195 = 216,45 mm2
216,45
Jumlah Tulangan = = 1,41 ≈ 2 Buah
153,86
As ada = 2 x 153,86 = 307,72 mm2
150 − 2 𝑥 40 − 2 𝑥 8 −2 𝑥 14
S = 2−1 = 26 mm ( >25 mm, OK )
𝐴𝑠 𝑥 𝐹𝑦
a = 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′𝑥 𝑏
= 0,85 𝑥 15 𝑥 150 = 38,6
307,72 𝑥 240
Ø Mn 𝑎
= Ø As x Fy (d – )
2
38,6
= 0,8 x 307,72 x 240 x (195 – )
2
= 10380749,57 N mm = 10,38 kN m ( >MT , OK)
TULANGAN LAPANGAN
1
M =
L 14 𝑥 13,352 𝑥 32 = 8,58 kN m
𝑀𝑇 8,58
Rn = = = 1880,34 kN/m2
Ø x b x 𝑑2 0,8 x 0,15 x 0,1952
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )= 2 𝑥 1880,34
1 (1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
74
38,6
= 0,8 x 307,72 x 240 x (195 – )
2
= 10380749,57 N mm = 10,38 kN m ( >ML , OK)
75
TULANGAN GESER
1
V =
U 2 𝑥 13,352 𝑥 3 = 20,028 kN = 20028 N
Ø VC = Ø . 0,17 . λ . √𝐹𝑐′ . b . d
76
RETAK
AS = 150 x 250 = 37500 mm2
EC = 4700√𝐹𝑐′ = 4700 x √15 = 18203 MPa
ES = 2 x 105 MPa
1 1
Ig = x b x h3 = x 150 x 2503 = 195312500 mm4
12 12
𝐸𝑆 2 𝑥 105 = 4234375 N mm
n = = = 10,98
𝐸𝐶 18203
𝑏𝑤 150 = 0,00036
B = 𝑛 𝑥 𝐴𝑆 = 10,98 𝑥 37500
d = 195 mm
= 335424722,8 + 16865280
= 352290002,8 mm4
𝑀𝑈
FS = . (𝑑 − 𝑐). 𝑛
𝐼𝐶𝑟
8,58 𝑥 106
= 352290002,8 𝑥 (195 − 188,6) 𝑥 10,98
= 1,711 MPa ( < 0,6 Fy , OK)
ℎ−𝑐 250−188,6
= 𝑑−𝑐 = 195−188,6 = 9,59
dc = h – d = 250 – 195 = 55 mm
77
A = 1 . 𝑏 . 2 . 𝑑𝑐 = 1 𝑥 150 𝑥 2 𝑥 55 = 5500 mm2
3 3
Lebar Retak Max (w) = 11. 10−6 . . 𝐹𝑆3 . √𝑑𝑐 . 𝐴
3
= 11. 10−6 𝑥 9,59 x 1,711 𝑥 √55 𝑥 5500
= 0,0121 mm
TULANGAN TUMPUAN
1
M =
T 16 𝑥 9,464 𝑥 2,52 = 3,7 kN m
𝑀𝑇 3,7
Rn = = = 810,87 kN/m2
Øxbx 𝑑2 0,8 x 0,15 x 0,1952
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )= 2 𝑥 810,87
1 (1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
79
38,6
= 0,8 x 307,72 x 240 x (195 – )
2
= 10380749,57 N mm = 10,38 kN m ( >MT , OK)
TULANGAN LAPANGAN
1
M =
L 14 𝑥 9,464 𝑥 2,52 = 4,225 kN m
𝑀𝐿 4,225
Rn = = = 925,9 kN/m2
Øxbx 𝑑2 0,8 x 0,15 x 0,1952
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )= 2 𝑥 925,9
1 (1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
TULANGAN GESER
1
V =
U 2 𝑥 9,464 𝑥 2,5 = 11,83 kN = 11830 N
Ø VC = Ø . 0,17 . λ . √𝐹𝑐′ . b . d
80
= 12517,97 N
½ Ø VC = ½ x 12517,97 = 6258,99 N
81
½ Ø VC < VU < Ø VC , Maka dipakai tulangan geser minimum dengan cara:
S = ½ x d = ½ x 195 = 97,5 mm ≈ 100 mm
AV = 2 x AVS = 2 x 50,24 = 100,48 mm2
𝐴𝑣 𝑥 𝐹𝑦 𝑥 𝑑 100,48 𝑥 240 𝑥 195
VS ada = 𝑆 = 100 = 47024,64 N
RETAK
AS = 150 x 250 = 37500 mm2
EC = 4700√𝐹𝑐′ = 4700 x √15 = 18203 MPa
ES = 2 x 105 MPa
1 1
Ig = x b x h3 = x 150 x 2503 = 195312500 mm4
12 12
𝐸𝑆 2 𝑥 105 = 4234375 N mm
n = = = 10,98
𝐸𝐶 18203
𝑏𝑤 150 = 0,00036
B = 𝑛 𝑥 𝐴𝑆 = 10,98 𝑥 37500
d = 195 mm
82
√2𝐵 𝑥 𝑑+1 − 1 √2 𝑥 0,00036 𝑥 195 + 1 − 1
C = 𝐵 = 0,00036 = 188,6 mm
Momen Inersia Retak (ICr)
= 1 . 𝑏. 𝐶3 + 𝑛.
𝐴 . (𝑑 − 𝐶)2
3 𝑆
= 335424722,8 + 16865280
= 352290002,8 mm4
𝑀𝑈
FS = . (𝑑 − 𝑐). 𝑛
𝐼𝐶𝑟
4,225 𝑥 106
= 352290002,8 𝑥 (195 − 188,6) 𝑥 10,98
= 0,843 MPa ( < 0,6 Fy , OK)
ℎ−𝑐 250−188,6
= 𝑑−𝑐 = 195−188,6 = 9,59
dc = h – d = 250 – 195 = 55 mm
A = 1 . 𝑏 . 2 . 𝑑𝑐 = 1 𝑥 150 𝑥 2 𝑥 55 = 5500 mm2
3 3
Lebar Retak Max (w) = 11. 10−6 . . 𝐹𝑆3 . √𝑑𝑐 . 𝐴
3
= 11. 10−6 𝑥 9,59 x 0,843 𝑥 √55 𝑥 5500
= 0,00597 mm
1
M =
L 14 𝑥 18,844 𝑥 4,252 = 24,31 kN m
83
𝑀𝐿 24,31
Rn = = = 1276,52 kN/m2
Øxbx 𝑑2 0,8 x 0,20 x 0,3452
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛 1 2 𝑥 1276,52
= (1 − √1 − )= (1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
TULANGAN GESER
1
V =
U 2 𝑥 18,844 𝑥 4,25 = 40,044 kN = 40044 N
Ø VC = Ø . 0,17 . λ . √𝐹𝑐′ . b . d
84
(Smax = ½ d)
85
AV = 2 x AVS = 2 x 50,24 = 100,48 mm2
𝐴𝑣 𝑥 𝐹𝑦 𝑥 𝑑 100,48 𝑥 240 𝑥 345
S = 𝑉𝑆 = 16176,06 = 514,32 mm
Smax = ½ x d = ½ x 345 = 172,5 mm ≈ 150 mm
𝐴𝑣 𝑥 𝐹𝑦 𝑥 𝑑 100,48 𝑥 240 𝑥 345
VS ada = 𝑆 = 150 = 55464,96 N
Ø VS ada = 0,65 x 55464,96 = 36052,224 N
Ø Vn = Ø VC + Ø VS = 29529,56 + 36052,224
= 65581,784 N ( > VU , OK )
RETAK
AS = 200 x 400 = 80000 mm2
EC = 4700√𝐹𝑐′ = 4700 x √15 = 18203 MPa
ES = 2 x 105 MPa
1 1
Ig = x b x h3 = x 200 x 4003 = 1066666667 mm4
12 12
𝐸𝑆 2 𝑥 105 = 1445333,34 N mm
n = = = 10,98
86
𝐸𝐶 18203
87
𝑏𝑤 200
B = 𝑛 𝑥 𝐴𝑆 = 10,98 𝑥 80000 = 0,000228
d = 345 mm
√2𝐵 𝑥 𝑑+1 − 1 √2 𝑥 0,000228 𝑥 345 + 1 − 1
C = = = 332,4 mm
𝐵 0,000228
Momen Inersia Retak (ICr)
= 1 . 𝑏. 𝐶3 + 𝑛.
𝐴 . (𝑑 − 𝐶)2
3 𝑆
= 2448453082 + 139454784
= 2587907866 mm4
𝑀𝑈
FS = . (𝑑 − 𝑐). 𝑛
𝐼𝐶𝑟
24,31 𝑥 106
= 2587907866 𝑥 (345 − 332,4) 𝑥 10,98
= 1,3 MPa ( < 0,6 Fy , OK)
ℎ−𝑐 400−332,4
= 𝑑−𝑐 = 345−332,4 = 5,365
dc = h – d = 400 – 345 = 55 mm
A = 1 . 𝑏 . 2 . 𝑑𝑐 = 1 𝑥 200 𝑥 2 𝑥 55 = 7333,3 mm2
3 3
Lebar Retak Max (w) = 11. 10−6 . . 𝐹𝑆3 . √𝑑𝑐 . 𝐴
88
BAB VI
m. 0,85 𝑥 1 x fc′
balance = 𝐹𝑦 600
𝑥 600+𝐹𝑦
0,85 𝑥 0,85 x
=
15 600
240 𝑥 600+240
= 0,045 x 0,714 = 0,032
n. max = 0,75 x balance
= 0,75 x 0,032
= 0,024
1,4 1,4
o. min = = = 0,0058
𝐹𝑦 240
𝐹𝑦
p. m =
0,85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′ 240
= 0,85 𝑥 15 = 18,8
6.2 BALOK INDUK ATAP
BALOK INDUK MELINTANG 25/50
d = 500 – 40 – 10 – ½ x 20 = 440 mm
Perhitungan Beban Balok dari Beban Pelat dan Balok
Beban Mati (QD) : 10,23 kN/m
Beban Hidup (QL) : 4,67 kN/m
Qu = 1,2 (QD) + 1,6 (QL)
89
= 1,2 (10,23) + 1,6 (4,67) = 19,748 kN/m
90
TULANGAN TUMPUAN
1
MT =
16 𝑥 19,748 𝑥 62 = 44,43 kN m
𝑀𝑇 44,43
Rn = = = 1147,55 kN/m2
Øxbx 𝑑2 0,8 x 0,25 x 0,442
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )1 = 2 𝑥 1147,55
(1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
TULANGAN LAPANGAN
1
ML =
14 𝑥 19,748 𝑥 62 = 50,78 kN m
𝑀𝑇 50,78
Rn = = = 1311,47 kN/m2
Øxbx 𝑑2 0,8 x 0,25 x 0,442
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )1 = 2 𝑥 1311,47
(1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
91
< min , maka nilai menggunakan nilai min = 0,0058
As Perlu = x b x d = 0,0058 x 250 x 440 = 638 mm2
Jumlah Tulangan = 638 = 2,032 ≈ 3 Buah
314
92
As ada = 3 x 314 = 942 mm2
250 − 2 𝑥 40 − 2 𝑥 10 −3 𝑥 20
S = 3−1 = 45 mm ( >25 mm, OK )
𝐴𝑠 𝑥 𝐹𝑦
a = 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′𝑥 𝑏
= 0,85 𝑥 15 𝑥 250 = 70,93
942 𝑥 240
Ø Mn 𝑎
= Ø . As . Fy (d – )
2
= 0,8 x 942 x 240 x (440 – 70,93 )
2
TULANGAN GESER
1
VU = 𝑥 19,748 𝑥 6 = 59,244 kN = 59244 N
2
Ø VC = Ø . 0,17 . λ . √𝐹𝑐′ . b . d
94
TORSI
1
TU = x 59,244 x 6 = 177,732 kN m = 177,732 x 106 N mm
2
Acp = 250 x 500 = 125000
Pcp = 2 (250 + 500) = 1500
𝐴𝑐𝑝2
TU batas = Ø . 0,083 . λ . √𝐹𝑐′ . ( )
𝑃𝑐𝑝
1250002
= Ø x 0,083 x λ x √15 x ( ) = 2511387,65 N mm
1500
= Ø . 0,033 . λ . 1250002
√15 . ( ) = 998503,523 N mm
1500
TU pakai = 998503,523 N mm
998503,523
Tn perlu = 0,75 = 1331338,03 N mm
1
X1 = 250 – 2 (40 +
2 𝑥 10) = 160 mm
1
Y1 = 500 – 2 (40 +
2 𝑥 10) = 410 mm
Aoh = X1 . Y1 = 160 x 410 = 65600 mm2
Ao = 0,85 x Aoh = 0,85 x 65600 =55760 mm2
d = 500 – 40 – 10 - 1 x 20 = 440 mm
2
𝑉𝑢 𝑇𝑢 . 𝑉𝑐
√(
𝑃ℎ )²+ ( )²≤Ø( + 0,66 √𝐹𝑐′)
𝑏. 𝑑 1,7 .Aoh2 𝑏. 𝑑
72424,78
√ (
1140
59244
)²+ (
998503,523 𝑥 )² ≤Ø( + 0,66 √15)
95
250 𝑥 440 1,7 𝑥 656002 250 𝑥 440
96
Kebutuhan Tulangan Torsi
At Tn
=2.
= 2 𝑥 55760 x 240 x 1 = 0,049 mm²/mm/satu kaki
𝑆 Ao . Fy . Cot 1331338,03
θ
Avt 2 At
Av = + = 2 x 0,031 + 0,177 = 0,239 mm²/mm/dua kaki
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
s max = Ph
8 1140 = 142,5 mm
= 8
98
Dipasang 2 – D20
- Tulangan Bawah : As + ¼ Al = 942 + ¼ x 35,34 = 950,835 mm2
Dipasang 3 – D20
RETAK
AS = 250 x 500 = 125000 mm2
EC = 4700√𝐹𝑐′ = 4700 x √15 = 18203,02 MPa
ES = 2 x 105 MPa
1 1
Ig = x b x h3 = x 250 x 5003 = 2604166667 mm4
12 12
= 28229166,7 N mm
𝐸𝑆 5
2 𝑥 10
n = 𝐸 = 18203,02 = 10,98
𝐶
d = 440 mm
99
√2𝐵 𝑥 𝑑+1 − 1 √2 𝑥 0,00018 𝑥 440 + 1 − 1
C = 𝐵 = 0,00018 = 423,83 mm
Momen Inersia Retak (ICr)
= 1 . 𝑏. 𝐶3 + 𝑛.
𝐴 . (𝑑 − 𝐶)2
3 𝑆
= 6344447930 + 358866,065
= 67033140 0 mm4
𝑀𝑈
FS = . (𝑑 − 𝑐). 𝑛
𝐼𝐶𝑟
50,78 𝑥 106
= 670331400 𝑥 (440 − 423,83) 𝑥 10,98
= 1,34 MPa ( < 0,6 Fy , OK)
ℎ−𝑐 500−423,83
= 𝑑−𝑐 = 440−423,83 = 4,71
dc = h – d = 500 – 440 = 60 mm
A = 1 . 𝑏 . 2 . 𝑑𝑐 = 1 𝑥 250 𝑥 2 𝑥 60 = 10000 mm2
3 3
Lebar Retak Max (w) = 11. 10−6 . . 𝐹𝑆3 . √𝑑𝑐 . 𝐴
3
= 11. 10−6 𝑥 4,71 x 1,34 𝑥 √60 𝑥 10000
= 0,0058 mm
10
1
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )1 = 2 𝑥 1029,32
(1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
TULANGAN LAPANGAN
1
M =
L 14 𝑥 17,08 𝑥 52 = 30,5 kN m
𝑀𝑇 30,5
Rn = = = 1176,7 kN/m2
Øxbx 𝑑2 0,8 x 0,25 x 0,362
1 2 𝑥 𝑅𝑛
= (1 − √1 − )1 = 2 𝑥 1176,7
(1 − √1 − )
𝑚 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′ 18,8 0,85 𝑥 15000
𝐴𝑠 𝑥 𝐹𝑦
a = 0,85 𝑥 𝐹𝑐′𝑥 𝑏
= 0,85 𝑥 15 𝑥 250 = 47,28
628 𝑥 240
10
3
Ø Mn 𝑎
= Ø . As . Fy (d – )
2
= 0,8 x 628 x 240 x (360 – 47,28 )
2
TULANGAN GESER
1
VU = 𝑥 17,08 𝑥 5 = 42,625 kN = 42625 N
2
Ø VC = Ø . 0,17 . λ . √𝐹𝑐′ . b . d
TORSI
10
4
1
T = x 59,244 x 6 = 177,732 kN m = 177,732 x 106 N mm
U 2
10
5
Acp = 250 x 500 = 125000
Pcp = 2 (250 + 500) = 1500
𝐴𝑐𝑝2
TU batas = Ø . 0,083 . λ . √𝐹𝑐′ . ( )
𝑃𝑐𝑝
1250002
= Ø x 0,083 x λ x √15 x ( ) = 2511387,65 N mm
1500
= Ø . 0,033 . λ . 1250002
√15 . ( ) = 998503,523 N mm
1500
TU pakai = 998503,523 N mm
998503,523
Tn perlu = 0,75 = 1331338,03 N mm
1
X1 = 250 – 2 (40 +
2 𝑥 10) = 160 mm
1
Y1 = 500 – 2 (40 +
2 𝑥 10) = 410 mm
Aoh = X1 . Y1 = 160 x 410 = 65600 mm2
Ao = 0,85 x Aoh = 0,85 x 65600 =55760 mm2
d = 500 – 40 – 10 - 1 x 20 = 440 mm
2
𝑉𝑢 𝑇𝑢 . 𝑉𝑐
√(
𝑃ℎ )²+ ( )²≤Ø( + 0,66 √𝐹𝑐′)
𝑏. 𝑑 1,7 .Aoh2 𝑏. 𝑑
72424,78
√ (
1140
59244
) ²+ (
998503,523 𝑥 )² ≤Ø( + 0,66 √15)
250 𝑥 440 1,7 𝑥 656002 250 𝑥 440
10
7
Av Vs
= 240 𝑥 440 = 0,177 mm²/mm/dua kaki
= 𝐹𝑦 . 18719,82
𝑠 𝑑
Avt 2 At
Av = + = 2 x 0,031 + 0,177 = 0,239 mm²/mm/dua kaki
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
s max = Ph
8 1140 = 142,5 mm
= 8
10
9
RETAK
AS = 250 x 500 = 125000 mm2
EC = 4700√𝐹𝑐′ = 4700 x √15 = 18203,02 MPa
ES = 2 x 105 MPa
1 1
Ig = x b x h3 = x 250 x 5003 = 2604166667 mm4
12 12
= 28229166,7 N mm
𝐸𝑆 5
2 𝑥 10
n = 𝐸 = 18203,02 = 10,98
𝐶
d = 440 mm
√2𝐵 𝑥 𝑑+1 − 1 √2 𝑥 0,00018 𝑥 440 + 1 − 1
C = = = 423,83 mm
𝐵 0,00018
Momen Inersia Retak (ICr)
= 1 . 𝑏. 𝐶3 + 𝑛.
𝐴 . (𝑑 − 𝐶)2
3 𝑆
= 6344447930 + 358866,065
11
0
= 67033140 0 mm4
11
1
𝑀𝑈
FS = . (𝑑 − 𝑐). 𝑛
𝐼𝐶𝑟
50,78 𝑥 106
= 670331400 𝑥 (440 − 423,83) 𝑥 10,98
= 1,34 MPa ( < 0,6 Fy , OK)
ℎ−𝑐 500−423,83
= 𝑑−𝑐 = 440−423,83 = 4,71
dc = h – d = 500 – 440 = 60 mm
A = 1 . 𝑏 . 2 . 𝑑𝑐 = 1 𝑥 250 𝑥 2 𝑥 60 = 10000 mm2
3 3
Lebar Retak Max (w) = 11. 10−6 . . 𝐹𝑆3 . √𝑑𝑐 . 𝐴
3
= 11. 10−6 𝑥 4,71 x 1,34 𝑥 √60 𝑥 10000
= 0,0058 mm
11
2
BAB VII
PERENCANAAN TULANGAN KOLOM
7.1. DATA PERENCANAAN
a. Mutu Beton (Fc’) : 15 MPa
b. Mutu Tulangan (Fy) : 240 MPa
c. Tulangan Utama : Ø 20 mm
d. Luas Tulangan Utama (Avt) : ¼ x 𝝅 x 202 = 314 mm2
e. Tulangan Sengkang : Ø 10 mm
f. Luas Tulangan Sengkang (Avs) : ¼ x 𝝅 x 102 = 78,5 mm2
g. Tebal Selimut beton : 40 mm
h. 1 : 0,8 (SNI 2847-2013 pasal 10.2.7.3)
i. 0,85 𝑥 1 x fc′
balance = 𝐹𝑦 600
𝑥 600+𝐹𝑦
0,85 𝑥 0,85 x
=
15 600
240 𝑥 600+240
= 0,045 x 0,714 = 0,032
j. max = 0,75 x balance
= 0,75 x 0,032
= 0,024
1,4 1,4
k. min = = = 0,0058
𝐹𝑦 240
𝐹𝑦
l. m =
0,85 𝑥 𝑓𝑐′ 240
= 0,85 𝑥 15 = 18,8
7.2. JENIS KOLOM
KOLOM 35/35 (L=600 Cm)
Beban Mati Terpusat (PD) : 44,5 kN/m
Beban Hidup Terpusat (PL) : 20 kN/m
11
3
1
MTU = 𝑥 85,4 𝑥 62 = 192,15 kN m
16
1
MLU = 𝑥 85,4 𝑥 62 = 219,6 kN m
14
∑ 𝑃𝑈 . Δo 85,4 𝑥 16 𝑥 0,0004
Q = 𝑉𝑢𝑠 . 𝑙𝑐 = 256,2 𝑥 6 = 0,00036
(≤ 0,05 Kolom tidak bergoyang)
ΨB = 1 (Asumsi Jepit)
Maka nilai K = 0,85 (SNI 2847:2013 Pasal 10.10.7.2)
𝑘 .𝑙𝑈 0,85 𝑥 6000
Kelangsingan Kolom = = = 2,83
𝑟 0,3 𝑥 6000
( < 22, Kelangsingan Diabaikan )
ΨB = 1 (Asumsi Jepit)
Maka nilai K = 0,85 (SNI 2847:2013 Pasal 10.10.7.2)
11
5
𝑘 .𝑙𝑈 0,85 𝑥 6000
Kelangsingan Kolom = = = 2,83
𝑟 0,3 𝑥 6000
11
6
( < 22, Kelangsingan Diabaikan )
𝑃𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑢 131,4 𝑥 10 3
= 4676,89 mm2
Ast = 0,01 . Ag = 0,01 x 350 x 350 = 1225 mm2
½ Ast = ½ x 1225 = 612,5 mm2
Maka As perlu = 612,5 mm2
Jumlah tulangan = 612,5 = 1,95 ≈ 3 buah
314
11
8
𝐴𝑠 . 𝐹𝑦 942 𝑥 240
a = 0,85 . 𝑓𝑐′ . 𝑏 = 0,85 = 50,66
𝑥 15 𝑥 350
𝑎
ØMn = Ø . As . Fy . (d –
2 ) = 0,65 x 942 x 240 x ( 290 50,66 )
2
-
= 38893785,84 N mm = 38,89 kN m
TULANGAN GESER
VU = 256,2 kN = 256200 N
𝑁𝑈
ØVC = Ø . 0,17 (1 + ) λ . √𝑓𝑐′ . bw . d
14 𝐴𝑔
85,4 𝑥 103
= 0,65 x 0,17 x (1 +
14 𝑥 350 𝑥 350 ) x λ x √15 x 350 x 290
= 45601,47 N
Vu > ØVC , maka dipakai Sengkang dengan diameter kecil
(Ø8) Spasi = ½ x d = ½ x 290 = 145 mm ≈ 140 mm
11
9
d = 450 – 40 – 10 – ½ x 20 = 390 mm
d’ = 450 – 390 = 60 mm
12
0
𝑀𝑈 592,3 = 2,25 m = 2250 mm
e = =
𝑃𝑈 263,25
ℎ 𝑎 600
𝑃𝑛 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑙𝑢 𝑒− + 405 𝑥 103 (2250− 70,59
)
( ) +
2 2 2 2
As = 𝐹𝑦(𝑑−𝑑′) = 240(390−60)
= 10152,08 mm2
Ast = 0,01 . Ag = 0,01 x 450 x 450 = 2025 mm2
½ Ast = ½ x 2025 = 1012,5 mm2
Maka As perlu = 1012,5 mm2
Jumlah tulangan = 1012,5 = 3,22 ≈ 4 buah
314
As ada = 4 x 314 = 1256 mm2
450−2𝑥40−2𝑥10−4𝑥20
S = 4−1 = 90 mm ( > 25 mm, OK )
𝐴𝑠 . 𝐹𝑦
a = 0,85 . 𝑓𝑐′ . 𝑏 1256 𝑥 240
= 0,85 𝑥 15 𝑥 450 = 52,54
𝑎
ØMn = Ø . As . Fy . (d –
2 ) = 0,65 x 1256 x 240 x ( 390 52,54 )
2
-
= 71267801,28 N mm = 71,27 kN m
12
1
TULANGAN GESER
VU = 789,75 kN = 789750 N
12
2
𝑁𝑈
ØVC = Ø . 0,17 (1 + ) λ . √𝑓𝑐′ . bw . d
14 𝐴𝑔
85,4 𝑥 103
= 0,65 x 0,17 x (1 +
14 𝑥 450 𝑥 450 ) x λ x √15 x 450 x 390
= 77370,3 N
Vu > ØVC , maka dipakai Sengkang dengan diameter kecil (Ø8)
Spasi = ½ x d = ½ x 390 = 195 mm ≈ 180 mm
12
3
BAB VIII
8.1 KESIMPULAN
Berdasarkan dari hasil perhitungan tugas beton yang telah saya kerjakan, didapatkan :
- Balok Induk Melintang Berdimensi 25/50 =6m
- Balok Induk Mamanjang Berdimensi 25/50 =6m
- Balok Induk Kantilever Berdimensi 25/50 =2m
- Balok induk Tribun Berdimensi 45/70 =6m
- Balok anak melintang berdimensi 15/25 =3m
- Balok anak memanjang berdimensi 15/25 = 3m
- Balok anak melintang berdimensi 15/25 =3m
- Balok anak kantilever berdimensi 15/15 =1m
- Tinggi tangga =3m
- Lebar tangga = 1,5 m
- Panjang tangga = 3,6 m
- Dimensi borders =1mx3m
- Lebar antrade = 24 cm
- Jumlah antrade = 15 buah
- Jumlah Optrade = 15 buah
- Tinggi Optrade = 20 cm
- Tebal plat tangga = 15 cm
- Tebal plat bordes = 15 cm
- Sudut kemiringan = Tan 3 = 0,014, θ = 39,81 (< 45 (OK))
3,6
12
4