JAWAPAN

(b) (i) Sebagai mangkin/ As catalyst

KERTAS MODEL SPM
(ii) H O H H H
KERTAS 1
H—C—C—O—C—C—C—H
1 D 2 C 3 B 4 B 5 C 6 C
7 B 8 B 9 A 10 C 11 D 12 A H H H H
13 D 14 A 15 B 16 A 17 D 18 D
19 A 20 B 21 C 22 A 23 C 24 A (iii) Karboksilat/ Carboxylate
25 C 26 C 27 C 28 A 29 D 30 D (iv) Berbau wangi/ Sweet smell
31 D 32 D 33 C 34 A 35 C 36 D 6 (a) (i) Kuprum(II) oksida/ Copper(II) oxide/
37 B 38 C 39 D 40 C (ii) Panaskan kuprum(II) karbonat dengan kuat
Heat copper(II) carbonate strongly
KERTAS 2 (iii) Pepejal hijau menjadi hitam/ Green solid becomes black
(iv) Air kapur/ Lime water
BAHAGIAN A
(b) (i)Untuk memastikan asid sulfurik telah bertindak
1 (a) Molekul berantai panjang yang terbentuk daripada balas dengan lengkap
gabungan banyak ulangan unit asas. To ensure that sulphuric acid is reacted completely
Long-chain molecules formed from the combination of many (ii) CuO + H2SO4 → CuSO4 + H2O
repeating basic units.
(c) Panaskan larutan sehingga menjadi tepu. Biarkan larutan
(b) Karbohidrat/ Carbohydrate tepu menyejuk dan kemudian turaskan hablur garam.
(c) Pempolimeran kondensasi/ Condensation polymerisation Heat the solution until it becomes saturated. Allow it to cool down
(d) Molekul air dihasilkan/ Water molecules are produced and then filter off the salt crystals.
(e) Politena/ Polyethene 7 (a) Titian garam
2 (a) Asid lemak tepu/ Saturated fatty acid Salt bridge
Asid lemak tak tepu/ Unsaturated fatty acid G

(b) X mempunyai hanya ikatan tunggal antara atom karbon,

manakala Y mempunyai satu ikatan ganda dua antara
atom karbon Karbon X Karbon Y
X has only single bonds between carbon atoms, whereas Y has a Carbon X Carbon Y
double bond between carbon atoms. Larutan ferum(II) Air bromin
(c) Takat lebur lemak yang dihasilkan daripada asid lemak sulfat Bromine water
X lebih tinggi daripada asid lemak Y. Iron(II) sulphate Bikar A Bikar B
solution Beaker A Beaker B
The melting point of fats produced from fatty acids X is higher
than fatty acids Y. (b) Larutan kalium nitrat, KNO3/ Potassium nitrate solution, KNO3
3 (a) A (c) (i) Larutan hijau berubah menjadi perang
(b) (i) B, D, C, A Green solution turns brown
(ii) Bilangan proton semakin bertambah. Jadi, daya (ii) Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e–
tarikan antara nukleus dengan elektron valens (iii) Beberapa titik larutan kalium heksasianoferat(II)
semakin kuat./ The number of protons increases. So, the ke dalam bikar, mendakan biru tua terbentuk
forces of attraction between the nucleus and the valence menunjukkan kehadiran ion Fe3+.
electron is stronger. A few drops of potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) solution
(i) D
(c) is added into the beaker, a dark blue precipitate formed
(ii) Bertindak sebagai mangkin/ Act as catalysts indicating the presence of Fe3+ ions.
4 (a) (i) Ammonia/ Ammonia (d)(i) Agen pengoksidaan/ Oxidation agent
(ii) Kerana ammonia kehilangan hidrogen (ii) Larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid
Because ammonia loses hydrogen Acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution
(iii) CuO, kerana kuprum(II) oksida mengalami (e) 2Fe2+ + Br2 → 2Fe3+ + 2Br–
penurunan dengan kehilangan oksigen untuk 8 (a) (i) Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat/ Copper(II) sulphate solution
membentuk atom kuprum (ii) Sebagai mangkin/ As a catalyst
CuO, because copper(II) oxide undergoes reduction by (b) Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
losing oxygen to form copper atom (c) (i) Set II mempunyai kadar tindak balas yang lebih
(b) (i) Kerana ion kuprum(II) menerima elektron dan tinggi daripada Set I
bertukar menjadi atom kuprum. Set II has a higher rate of reaction than Set I
Because copper(II) ions receive electrons and converted to (ii) Mangkin menyediakan laluan alternatif dengan
copper atoms. tenaga pengaktifan yang lebih rendah. Frekuensi
(ii) Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu perlanggaran antara ion hidrogen dengan atom
5 (a) (i) Kalsium etanoat/ Calcium ethanoate zink tetap sama, tetapi lebih banyak zarah-zarah
Karbon dioksida/ Carbon dioxide mencapai tenaga pengaktifan yang lebih rendah
(ii) Alirkan gas Y ke dalam air kapur, air kapur menjadi yang menyebabkan frekuensi perlanggaran
keruh.
Flow gas Y into lime water, lime water turns chalky. berkesan lebih tinggi.

J1 Praktis Topikal SPM: Kimia Tingkatan 5 – Jawapan


The catalyst provides an alternative pathway with a lower 6.
Ulang langkah 1 hingga 5 dengan menggantikan
activation energy. The frequency of collisions between naftalena dengan serbuk plumbum(II) bromida.
hydrogen ions and zinc atoms is the same but more Repeat steps 1 to 5 by replacing naphthalene with lead(II)
particles reach the lower activation energy resulting in a bromide powder. [4]
higher frequency of effective collisions. Pemerhatian/ Observation:
(d)
Naftalena lebur: Jarum ammeter tidak terpesong
Tenaga/ Energy Molten naphthalene: Ammeter needle does not deflect [1]
Plumbum(II) bromida lebur: Jarum ammeter
Ea terpesong
– Ea’ Molten lead(II) bromide: Ammeter needle deflects [1]
2H + Zn
Kesimpulan/ Conclusion:
H2 + Zn Leburan PbBr2 boleh mengkonduksikan arus
elektrik, manakala leburan naftalena tidak boleh
Lintasan tindak balas
Reaction pathway mengkonduksikan arus elektrik.
Molten PbBr2 can conduct electric current while the molten
BAHAGIAN B naphthalene cannot conduct electric current. [2]
9 (a) (i) – Susunan elektron atom A ialah 2.4 dan atom B 10 (a) (i) Set I: Tindak balas peneutralan antara HCl
ialah 2.6. dengan NaOH
The electron arrangement of atom A is 2.4 and atom B Set I: Neutralisation reaction between HCl and NaOH [1]
is 2.6. [2] Set II: Penguraian CaCO3
– Untuk mencapai susunan elektron oktet, atom
Set II: Decomposition of CaCO3 [1]
A menyumbangkan empat elektron, manakala (ii)
atom B menyumbangkan dua elektron apabila Set I Set II
bertindak balas.
Tindak balas eksotermik Tindak balas endotermik
To achieve the octet electron arrangement, atom A
Exothermic reaction Endothermic reaction
contributes four electrons while atom B
contributes two electrons when reacting. [2] Suhu persekitaran meningkat Suhu persekitaran menurun
– Atom A berkongsi empat pasang elektron Temperature of surroundings Temperature of surroundings
dengan dua atom B untuk membentuk dua increases decreases
ikatan kovalen ganda dua. Jumlah kandungan tenaga Jumlah kandungan tenaga
Atom A shares four pairs of electrons with two atom B bahan tindak balas lebih tinggi bahan tindak balas lebih
to form two double covalent bonds. [2] daripada hasil tindak balas rendah daripada hasil tindak
– Sebatian kovalen, AB2 terbentuk. Total energy content of reactants is balas
A covalent compound, AB2 is formed. [1] higher than products Total energy content of reactants is
(ii) – Sebatian C mempunyai takat didih yang lebih lower than products
rendah daripada suhu bilik.
Jumlah haba yang dibebaskan Jumlah haba yang dibebaskan
Compound C has a lower boiling point than the room
semasa pembentukan ikatan semasa pembentukan ikatan
temperature. [1]
dalam hasil tindak balas dalam hasil tindak balas lebih
– Molekul sebatian C ditarik oleh daya van der
lebih tinggi daripada jumlah rendah daripada jumlah
Waals yang lemah//Daya tarikan yang lemah
haba yang diserap semasa haba yang diserap semasa
antara molekul.
memutuskan ikatan dalam memutuskan ikatan dalam
The molecules of compound C are pulled by the weak
van der Waals force//Weak attraction force between bahan tindak balas bahan tindak balas
the molecules. [1] Total heat released during the Total heat released during the
formation of bonds in products is formation of bonds in products
– Kurang tenaga haba diperlukan untuk mengatasi
higher than total heat absorbed is lower than total heat absorbed
daya tarikan ini. during the breaking of bonds in during the breaking of bonds in
Less heat energy is needed to overcome the attraction force. reactants reactants
[1]
[8]
(b) Sebatian kovalen: Serbuk naftalena
Covalent compound: Naphthalene powder [1] (b) (i)
Purata suhu awal/ Average initial temperature
Sebatian ion: Serbuk plumbum(II) bromida = 28.5 °C
Ionic compound: Lead(II) bromide powder [1] Perubahan suhu/ Change in temperature [1]
Prosedur/ Procedure: = 30.5 – 28.5 = 2.0 °C
1. Letakkan serbuk naftalena ke dalam mangkuk Q = mcθ
pijar sehingga penuh. = 100 × 4.2 × 2
Put naphthalene powder into a crucible until half full. = 840 J
1 × 50
2.
Sambungkan dua elektrod karbon kepada bateri Bil. mol/ No. of moles of Pb(NO3)2 =
1 000
dan ammeter dengan wayar penyambung. = 0.005 mol

Connect two carbon electrodes to the battery and the 1 × 50
ammeter with the connecting wires. Bil. mol/ No. of moles of Na2SO4 = 1 000
3. Panaskan mangkuk pijar sehingga naftalena = 0.005 mol [2]
melebur. Pb2+ + SO42– → PbSO4
Heat the crucible until naphthalene melts. Daripada persamaan/ From the equation,
4. Celupkan kedua-dua elektrod karbon ke dalam 1 mol Pb2+ bertindak balas dengan 1 mol SO42–
naftalena lebur. menghasilkan 1 mol PbSO4.
Dip both carbon electrodes into the molten naphthalene. 1 mole of Pb2+ reacts with 1 mole of SO42– to produce 1 mole
5. Rekodkan pemerhatian. of PbSO4. [1]
Record the observation.

 Penerbit Ilmu Bakti Sdn. Bhd. (732516-M) 2023 J2

 \ 0.005 mol Pb2+ bertindak balas dengan 0.005 –
Mg mengalami pengoksidaan kerana atom Mg
mol SO42– menghasilkan 0.005 mol PbSO4 dan membebaskan elektron untuk menghasilkan ion
membebaskan haba sebanyak 840 J. Mg2+.
0.005 mole of Pb2+ reacts with 0.005 mole of SO42– to Mg undergoes oxidation because it releases electrons to
produce 0.005 mole of PbSO4 and releases 840 J of heat. form Mg2+ ions. [2]
[1] – Setengah persamaan penurunan:
840 J
ΔH = Reduction half equation:
0.005 mol
O2 + 4e– → 2O2–
= 168 000 J mol–1
– Molekul O2 mengalami penurunan kerana
= 168 kJ mol–1 [1]
menerima elektron untuk membentuk ion oksida.
Andaian yang dibuat/ Assumptions made:
O2 molecules undergo reduction because they received
1. Muatan haba tentu larutan sama dengan muatan electrons to form oxide ions.
haba tentu air. –Mg ialah agen penurunan manakala O2 ialah
Specific heat capacity of solution is the same as specific agen pengoksidaan.
heat capacity of water.
Mg is a reducing agent, while O2 is an oxidising agent. [2]
2. Tiada haba yang terbebas ke persekitaran//Tiada
(c) Bahan: Larutan ferum(II) sulfat, air bromin, asid sulfurik
haba diserap oleh radas cair
No heat released to the surroundings//No heat absorbed
Materials: Iron(II) sulphate solution, bromine water, dilute
by the apparatus [2]
sulphuric acid [1]
(ii) Perubahan suhu adalah sama = 3.5 °C
Prosedur/ Procedure:
Change in temperature is the same = 3.5 °C
Mendakan yang terhasil masih sama iaitu PbSO4. G
Oleh itu, haba pemendakan masih sama.
The produced precipitate is still the same which is PbSO4. Elektrod karbon Elektrod karbon
Therefore, the heat of precipitate is the same. [2] Carbon electrode Carbon electrode
BAHAGIAN C
Air bromin Larutan ferum(II) sulfat
11 (a) Pengoksidaan: Apabila sesuatu bahan kehilangan Bromine water Iron(II) sulphate solution
elektron semasa tindak balas berlaku. Asid sulfurik cair
Dilute sulphuric acid
Oxidation: When a substance loses electrons during a reaction.
[1] [2]
Penurunan: Apabila sesuatu bahan menerima elektron
semasa tindak balas berlaku. 1. Tuangkan 50 cm asid sulfurik cair ke dalam tiub U.
3

Reduction: When a substance gains electrons during a reaction. Pour 50 cm3 dilute sulphuric acid into a U-tube.
[1] 2. Apitkan tiub U kepada kaki retort.
(b) (i)
Penyesaran logam kuprum daripada larutan Clamp the U-tube to the retort stand.
CuSO4 oleh zink 3. Masukkan 10 cm3 larutan ferum(II) sulfat 1.0 mol
Displacement of copper metal from CuSO4 solution by dm–3 ke dalam satu lengan tiub U.
zinc Add 10 cm3 of iron(II) sulphate solution 1.0 mol dm–3 into one
– Zn + CuSO4 → ZnSO4 + Zn arm of the U-tube.
– Setengah persamaan pengoksidaan: 4. Masukkan 10 cm3 air bromin ke dalam satu lagi
Oxidation half-equation: lengan tiub U.
Zn → Zn2+ + 2e– Add 10 cm3 of bromine water into another arm of the U-tube.
– Zn mengalami pengoksidaan kerana atom 5. Sambungkan dua elektrod karbon kepada
Zn telah membebaskan elektron untuk galvanometer. Celupkan elektrod karbon masing-
menghasilkan ion Zn2+. masing ke dalam setiap larutan.
Zn undergoes oxidation because it releases electrons Connect the two carbon electrodes to the galvanometer. Dip
to form Zn2+ ions. [2] the carbon electrodes into each solution. [4]
– Setengah persamaan penurunan: Pemerhatian/ Observation:
Reduction half-equation: 1. Jarum galvanometer terpesong dari arah larutan
Cu2+ + 2e– → Cu ferum(II) sulfat ke arah air bromin menunjukkan
– Ion Cu2+ mengalami penurunan kerana telah ada pemindahan elektron.
menerima elektron untuk membentuk atom Galvanometer needle is deflected from iron(II) sulphate
Cu. solution to the direction of bromine water to show transfer of
Cu2+ ions undergo reduction because they received electrons.
electrons to form Cu atoms. 2. Warna larutan ferum(II) sulfat bertukar daripada
– Zn ialah agen penurunan, manakala ion Cu2+ hijau kepada perang, manakala warna air bromin
ialah agen pengoksidaan. [2] berubah daripada perang kepada tidak berwarna.
Zn is a reducing agent, while Cu2+ ion is an oxidising agent. The colour of iron(II) sulphate solution turns from green to
(ii) Pembakaran pita magnesium brown, while the colour of bromine water turns from brown
Combustion of magnesium ribbon to colourless.
– 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO 3. Setengah persamaan penurunan
– Setengah persamaan pengoksidaan: Reduction half equation: Br2 + 2e– → 2Br–
Oxidation half equation: Setengah persamaan pengoksidaan
Mg → Mg2+ + 2e– Oxidation half equation: Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e– [3]

J3 Praktis Topikal SPM: Kimia Tingkatan 5 – Jawapan