PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II

LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR

FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

BAB I
PENDAHULUAN

I.1. LATAR BELAKANG

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
 PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II
LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

I.2. TUJUAN PERCOBAAN

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
I.3. RUANG LINGKUP

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
 PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II
LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

BAB II

TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

Muatan listrik adalah salah satu besaran paling mendasar dalam fisika.
Dengan demikian, tidak dapat didefinisikan hanya dapat dijelaskan. Muatan
listrik adalah sifat partikel yang memanifestasikan dirinya melalui apa yang
disebut interaksi elektromagnetik. Interaksi elektromagnetik ini terjadi
antara partikel bermuatan pada jarak jauh, tanpa kontak yang sebenarnya
seperti dalam kasus interaksi mekanis. Sebagai hasil dari interaksi
elektromagnet, gaya muncul. Gaya-gaya ini bekerja pada partikel
bermuatan dan memiliki dua komponen berbeda. Komponen pertama
disebabkan oleh posisi sesaat partikel bermuatan, sedangkan komponen
kedua disebabkan oleh posisi sesaat dan kecepatan partikel
bermuatan.Untuk menggambarkan komponen pertama dari gaya, gagasan
tentang medan listrik diperkenalkan. Setiap partikel bermuatan menciptakan
medan listrik yang didistribusikan di ruang angkasa dan berinteraksi dengan
partikel bermuatan lainnya. Interaksi ini disebut interaksi Coulomb dan
dicirikan oleh hukum Coulomb. Untuk menggambarkan komponen kedua
dari gaya interaktif, gagasan tentang medan magnet diperkenalkan. Medan
magnet diciptakan dengan menggerakkan partikel bermuatan dan
mengerahkan gaya pada partikel bermuatan yang bergerak. Dengan
menggunakan pengertian medan listrik dan medan magnet, interaksi pada
jarak jauh dapat dijelaskan.Notasi rangkaian untuk muatan listrik adalah
q(t), menyiratkan bahwa muatan dapat berubah terhadap waktu. Satuan
MKSA untuk muatan listrik adalah coulomb, dilambangkan dengan C
(Persamaan II.1) Muatan listrik dapat berupa positif atau negatif. Misalnya,
elektron adalah partikel bermuatan negatif, sedangkan proton adalah
partikel bermuatan positif. Tanda muatan dapat dibedakan melalui gaya
interaksi Coulomb, dimana muatan sejenis tolak menolak dan muatan
berlawanan tarik menarik. Sebagai satuan muatan listrik, coulomb cukup
besar dibandingkan dengan muatan elementer elektron atau proton. Satu
coulomb dibandingkan dengan muatan satu proton adalah (Persamaan II. 2)
(Mayergoyz dan Lawson, 1997).
Dalam teori sirkuit, arus listrik biasanya mengalir dalam kawat logam,
sehingga permukaan yang kita bangun untuk menerapkan definisi di atas
sering kali hanya memotong kawat. Potongan ini disebut penampang.
Untuk kenyamanan, kita sering menghilangkan gambar permukaan S
karena arus yang mengalir melalui kawat adalah konsep yang cukup
mudah.Selain arus listrik yang dijelaskan sebelumnya, ada jenis lain arus
yang tidak berhubungan dengan aliran muatan listrik. Arus ini disebut arus
perpindahan. Perpindahan arus terjadi karena adanya variasi waktu medan
listrik. Arus ini juga menciptakan medan magnet seperti halnya arus yang
mengalir untuk gerak muatan listrik lakukan. Seperti yang ditunjukkan di
bawah ini, salah satu contoh penting dari arus perpindahan adalah arus yang

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
 PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II
LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

melalui kapasitor. Arus perpindahan adalah juga bertanggung jawab atas

perambatan gelombang elektromagnetik melalui ruang kosong.Konsep lain yang
sangat penting adalah prinsip kontinuitas arus, yang menyatakan bahwa arus total
(listrik + perpindahan) melalui permukaan tertutup pada setiap saat selalu nol. Jika
arus yang memasuki permukaan diambil dengan tanda positif, dan arus yang
meninggalkan permukaan diambil dengan tanda negatif, maka prinsip kontinuitas
arus dapat dinyatakan secara matematis sebagai berikut (Persamaan II. 2)
(Mayergoyz dan Lawson, 1997).

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
 PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II
LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
 PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II
LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

BAB III
METODOLOGI PERCOBAAN

III.1. ALAT DAN BAHAN

III.1.1 Fungsi Alat dan Bahan
1. AC/DC Electronics Lab Board : Resistors and Wire
Leads

Fungsi : sebagai tempat

memasang rangkaian

2. Digital Multimeter

Fungsi : Mengukur
kuat arus resistor dan
tegangan

3. D-cell Battery

Fungsi : sebagai sumber

tegangan

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
 PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II
LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

III.2 PROSEDUR PERCOBAAN

A. Mengukur Resistensi
1. Pilih tiga resistor dengan warna yang berbeda-beda. Masukkan set warna
tersebut ke table di bawah. Tentukan nilai kode resistor Anda. Masukkan nilai
toleransinya.
2. Tentukan nilai kode resistor Anda. Masukkan nilai dikolom berlabel "Coded
Resistance" pada Tabel. Masukkan Toleransi nilai seperti yang ditunjukkan
oleh warna pita keempat di bawah "Toleransi."
3. Gunakan Multimeter untuk mengukur daya tahan masing-masing ketiganya
resistor
4. Tentukan persentase kesalahan eksperimental dari masing-masing nilai
resistansi dan masukkan di kolom yang sesuai.
Kesalahan Eksperimental = [( Pengukuran - Code |) / Code] x 100%
Tabel 4.1
Color Coded Measured
Resistence Tolerance % Eror
1st 2nd 3rd 4th Resistence Resistence
#1
#2
#3

B. Mengukur Tegangan dan Arus dalam rangkaian listrik DC

1. Rangkaian Seri
1. Hubungkan tiga resistor yang sama dengan yang Anda gunakan dalam
Percobaan 4 ke dalam rangkaian seri yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini.
2. Sekarang gunakan fungsi voltase pada Multimeter untuk mengukur tegangan
di resistor individu dan kemudian melintasi kombinasi resistor. Hati-hati
untuk mengamati polaritasnya lead (merah adalah +, hitam adalah -).

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
 PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II
LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

2. Rangkaian Paralel
Sambungkan rangkaian paralel di bawah, gunakan ketiga resistor. Ukur
tegangan di masing-masing resistor dan kombinasi, hati-hati dengan
polaritas seperti sebelumnya.

3. Rangkaian Seri-Paralel
Gunakan tiga resistor yang tidak sama yang Anda gunakan dalam
percobaan terakhir buat rangkaian yang ditunjukkan di bawah ini.

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
 PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II
LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

BAB IV
HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN
IV.1 HASIL PENGAMATAN
IV.1.1 TABEL DATA
A. Rangkaian Seri

Resistor (Ω)
I(A) V(V)
Terbaca Terukur

B. Rangkaian Paralel

Resistor (Ω)
I(A) V(V)
Terbaca Terukur

C. Rangkaian Seri-Paralel

Resistor (Ω)
I(A) V(V)
Terbaca Terukur

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
 PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II
LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

IV.1.2 PENGOLAHAN DATA

Secara Teori
A. Rangkaian Seri
a. Menentukan nilai I dan V
V = I.R

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
 PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II
LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

B. Rangkaian Paralel
a. Menentukan nilai I dan V
V = I.R

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
 PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II
LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

C. Rangkaian Seri-Paralel
a. Menentukan nilai I dan V
V = I.R

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
 PRAKTIKUM FISIKA DASAR II
LABORATORIUM FISIKA DASAR
FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS HASANUDDIN
Kampus II FT-UH Jl. Poros Malino Km. 7, Borongloe Gowa 92171
Telepon (0411) 586200/ (0411) 584200 Faximile (0411) 585188

IV.1.3 PRESENTASE KESALAHAN

IV.1.3.1 Hasil Presentase Kesalahan
A. Rangkaian Seri

I1 :

I2 :

I3 :

KELOMPOK X
MUH. AIDIL RAHMADI | D021221022
B. Rangkaian Paralel

I1 :

I2 :

I3 :
C. Rangkaian Seri-Paralel
I1 :

I2 :

I3 :
IV.1.2 TABEL PRESENTASE KESALAHAN

a. Rangkaian Seri

R Iteori Ipraktik PK(%)

b. Rangkaian Paralel

R Iteori Ipraktik PK(%)

c. Rangkaian Seri-Paralel

R Iteori Ipraktik PK(%)

IV.2 PEMBAHASAN

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
 BAB V
PENUTUP

V.1 KESIMPULAN

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
V.2 SARAN
V.2.1 SARAN UNTUK LABORATORIUM

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
V.2.2 SARAN UNTUK ASISTEN

................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
 LAMPIRAN

[q] = C………………………………………………………….…(Persamaan II.1)

1 C = 6.24 x 10¹⁸ qp'………………………………………….…...(Persamaan II.
2)

…………………………………………….…….(Persamaan II. 3)