Planning , Management

for Disaster and Crisis

Questions?

What does your school site need to be safe?

Who will you discuss your concerns with?
Where will the funding come from?
What are the District, State, Federal requirements?

Definisi Bencana (1)

Bencana adalah peristiwa atau rangkaian

peristiwa yang mengancam dan
mengganggu kehidupan dan
penghidupan masyarakat yang
disebabkan, baik oleh faktor alam
dan/atau non-alam maupun faktor
manusia sehingga mengakibatkan
timbulnya korban jiwa manusia,
kerusakan lingkungan, kerugian harta
benda, dan dampak psikologis (UU
24/2007)

Definisi Bencana (2)

Suatu gangguan serius terhadap
keberfungsian suatu masyarakat,
sehingga menyebabkan kerugian yang
meluas pada kehidupan manusia dari segi
materi, ekonomi atau lingkungan dan
yang melampaui kemampuan masyarakat
yang bersangkutan untuk mengatasi
dengan menggunakan sumberdaya
mereka sendiri.
(ISDR, 2004)

Jenis Bencana (UU 24/2007)

Alam
Alam

BENCANA
BENCANA

Non
Non Alam
Alam

Sosial
Sosial

Terjadinya
Bencana

Pemicu

Ancaman
Bahaya

RISIKO
BENCANA

Kerentanan

BENCANA

BENCANA
GEOLOGI : GEMPA BUMI, TSUNAMI, LONGSOR
HIDROMETEOROLOGI : BANJIR,BADAI TOPAN
TEKNOLOGI : KECELAKAAN TRANSPORTASI

LINGKUNGAN : KEBAKARAN,
KEBAKARAN HUTAN

SOSIAL

: TERORISME.
KONFLIK MASYARAKAT

Incident imIncident implicationsplications

Transportation
Electrical
Telephone
Water
Fuel
Structural
Communication

Manajemen Risiko
Risiko
Kapasitas
Global
Warming
Climate
Changes

Hazard

Development
Vs
Developing
kerentanan

Risiko = Hazard x Kerentanan/Kapasitas

Bahaya (hazard)
Suatu kondisi, secara alamiah maupun
karena ulah manusia, yang berpotensi
menimbulkan kerusakan atau kerugian
dan kehilangan jiwa manusia.
Bahaya berpotensi menimbulkan
bencana, tetapi tidak semua bahaya
selalu menjadi bencana.

4 Phases of Emergency
Management
PREVENTION
PREPERADNESS
RESPONSE
RECOVERY

MEDICAL PLAN FRAME OUT

TIM AJU
LAPANGAN

HOSPITAL
DISASTER PLAN
MANAGEMENT

MANAJEMEN BENCANA
MANAJEMEN
RESIKO
BENCANA
PENCEGAHAN
DAN MITIGASI

MANAJEMEN
KEDARURATAN

MANAJEMEN
PEMULIHAN

SAAT BENCANA

PASCA BENCANA

KESIAPSIAGAAN

PRA BENCANA

19

Kegiatan-kegiatan Manajemen
Bencana
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.

Pencegahan (prevention)
Mitigasi (mitigation)
Kesiapan (preparedness)
Peringatan Dini (early warning)
Tanggap Darurat (response)
Bantuan Darurat (relief)
Pemulihan (recovery)
Rehablitasi (rehabilitation)
Rekonstruksi (reconstruction)

Penanggulangan
Bencana
(Disaster
Management)
Serangkaian upaya yang meliputi
penetapan kebijakan pembangunan
yang berisiko timbulnya bencana,
kegiatan pencegahan bencana,
tanggap darurat, rehabilitasi dan
rekonstruksi (UU 24/2007).

21

Planning and
Preparing
Logistical Planning

Federal
State
City
District
Staff
Students
Parents
Volunteers
Others

Emergency
Preparedness
Emergency situations can
occur at any time, any
place, any where
They can be man made
or natural
They may involve a single
individual or large
populations
They may do minimal or
massive damage

Basic Emergency
Guidelines
Size up the situation
Day
Time
Type of occupancy
Type of construction
Weather
Hazards
Size of area
Number of people

Do not try to rescue anyone unless it is safe for you!

Do not add to the problem by becoming a victim too.

Know your Students and

Staf
First Aid/CPR cards
who has them, who
should?

Health restrictions -

physical restrictions or
disabilities

Medication concerns
daily, photo-sensitive,
3 day supply?

Itinerant staff
personnel and schedules

Parent volunteers
Other concerns

Safety Concerns
Be part of the solution, not part of the problem.
Always work in pairs.
Wear protective shoes; keep appropriate walking shoes
with your emergency kit.
Communicate regularly with a partner, group, leader, and
people being rescued.
Review escape plans with students and staff.

Measures to Ensure Safety

Review District
Bulletins and
Guidelines
Plan for the unexpected
think about possible
alternative plans.
Take all practice drills
seriously.

Closing Comments

KEMITRAAN SEBAGAI WUJUD KEBERSAMAAN

DALAM PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA

I know!, You guys want to help

me. But please wait ya, I will tell
you what I need.

Step One: Triage

Triage is divided into two major areas

Psychological Triage
Medical Triage

Medical Triage
Medical triage
involves two basic
components:
The identification of
victims at greatest
risk for early death.
Establishing priorities
for the care of large
numbers of victims
START will be used to
evaluate victims

Psychological Triage
Is complex and involves several basic
aspects:
The rapid identification of victims in possible emotional
distress.
Establishing priorities for the care of potential victims.

Psychological triage will be covered

later in the Training.

START Goals
Simple
Rapid
No special skills required
No specific diagnosis
Stabilization provided
Easy to learn and teach

START Basics
RPM
Respirations
Perfusion
Mental Status
Where do I start?

START
(Simple Triage and Rapid
Treatment)

What is START?
The START plan is a simple
step-by-step triage and
treatment method to be used
by the first rescuers responding
to a mass casualty incident.
It allows the first responders to
identify victims at greatest risk
for early death.
To provide basic stabilization
maneuvers.

Who Can Use START?

START
was specifically designed
for basic emergency
personnel. Other groups
may choose to use
START as the first step in
their triage systems.

Triage Tag

is an identification tag used in a multi casualty

incident to prioritize victims for care, (triage).
is a tag to attach to the victim, with four colored
code strips to prioritized care.

The Four TRIAGE TAG

Colors
Green Strip
Yellow Strip
Red Strip

Black Strip

Minor bottom strip

-Injuries managed by first aid only
-No hospital care needed at the moment
Delayed second from the bottom
-Needs hospital care, but not immediate
Immediate third form the bottom
-Needs emergency care now
-Should receive attention before all others
Deceased fourth from the bottom
-Dead or non-salvageable, No CPR is done

Establishing the 1st Aid

Station

Generally divided into four smaller stations

1. Triage/Communication Center organizes,
records, receives, and directs 1st Aid and rescue
services.
Green Station Minor, treat and release

2.
3. Yellow Station Delayed, needs hospital care, but
can wait.

4. Red Station Immediate, needs emergency care

now. Should receive attention first.

Any victim tagged with Black goes directly to

the morgue.

What do I do first?
Respirations/Ventilation
BLACK

RED

Nothing open airway, still no

breathing, tag black Deceased and
move to the next victim.
If person starts to breath, tag red
Immediate.
Respirations 30/minute or higher, tag
red Immediate.
Respirations under 30/minute, go to
the next step Perfusion.

Perfusion
Capillary blanch
refill test:
Color should return to lips
or nail beds within 2
seconds, if so go to
Mental Status.
If longer than 2 seconds,
tag red Immediate.
Remember - Control Bleeding

What if the lights are out?

The Radial Pulse
may be used in
reduced lighting
If
Not palpable, tag red
immediate
If palpable, go to
Mental Status
Remember - Control Bleeding

Mental Status
Altered mental
status, tag red Immediate.
Normal mental
status, tag yellow
- Delayed.

Let the Search Begin

Search Systematically
Never search alone!
Take the proper supplies, equipment, and keys
Select team members according to physical abilities
Never enter a building /room without notifying the
command center first.
When entering a building/room, place a piece of tape on
the door forming the first half of an X - /
Use a consistent systematically room check
When the building/room is clear, complete the X
The Search Team will search first, then become part of
the Rescue Team

Basic Search
Equipment
Boxes one for each search team to store their
equipment in
Hard Hats/ Gloves/ Goggles/ Vests/ Backpacks/ Dust
Masks/ Whistles/ School Maps one set per member
Walkie Talkie at least one per team
MetTags/Triage tags/3x5 cards with safety pins to
tag victims
Clipboards/ pencils/ pens/ markers
Log Sheets to record victims location and condition
Flashlights at least one per team, change batteries
annually

Basic Search
Equipment
Masking Tape to mark doors, people, or ???
Crowbar to pry open doors and windows, one per
team
Light weight rope to string between team members,
rope off an area, secure tents, or ???
START guidelines and Basic Vital Sign Guidelines
Additional Equipment any items the school feels is
necessary
Remember to store in an easily accessible central
location

Steps After Initial

TRIAGE
Establish first aid
station
Start initial first aid
Reassess the
walking wounded
and those previously
TRIAGED

Basic 1 Aid
Equipment
st

Review District Bulletins and Policies

Q-5, Q-48, Q-50

First Aid kits

- one per 100 students, see supply order catalogs.
- Review expiration dates and replace as needed.

Stethoscopes/Blood Pressure Cuff

with varying cuff sizes
Walkie Talkie and Flash Lights
Large laminated map of the school and grease pencils
Clipboards/ pencils/ pens/ Log Sheets
Red/ Yellow/ Green Triage Station Locator Signs
Tarps/ Tents/ Blankets/ Pillows

Rescue Team
Rescue members meet at the 1st
Aid station
The Search Team will join the
Rescue Team, once they have
completed their search
Each team consists of 2 4
members
Take appropriate equipment Stretchers, 1st Aid kits, etc.
No one goes anywhere alone

Emergency Classroom
Kits
Suggested items:
Classroom rosters
Emergency plans
Paper, pencils, pens, crayons,
or other age appropriate items
Crackers or similar food item
Butcher paper to sit on
Walking shoes or other items?
Chain or rope ladders for
second floor classrooms
The kit needs to be easy to
carry and quickly accessible

<Presenter POC information>