SISTEMA NERVOSUM

SISTEM NERVOSUM
Otak terdiri atas : neuron : 1011
synaps : 1015
Berat rata-rata otak 1.400 gr / 2 % berat badan
manusia
Homo sapiens (manusia pemikir)
Memory
S ------------------ R
Organisme
 SISTEM SARAF
OTAK (Encephalon)
dalam cavum cranii
SUSUNAN
SARAF
PUSAT (SSP) MEDULLA SPINALIS
dalam Collumna
NEURON : 100 MILYAR Vertebralis
NEUROGLIA : 10X NEURON

SUSUNAN NERVUS CRANIALIS

SARAF TEPI (N I N XII) (dari otak)
(SST)
NERVUS SPINALIS
(31 pasang)
(dari medulla spinalis

SUSUNAN SARAF OTONOM

(SSO) (unconscious) SUSUNAN SARAF SOMATIK
(conscious)
ke otot skelet
SIMPATIS PARASIMPATIS
Menuju otot polos, otot jantung & kelenjar
(SSO, mempunyai komponen cranial di otak)
SUSUNAN SARAF PUSAT
Motor Cortex: involved in Somatosensory cortex:
conscious thought and controls receives and processes
the voluntary movement of body sensory signals from
parts the body

Visual cortex: receives

and processes signals
from the retinas of the
eyes
 FUNGSI SN:
INFORMASI & KOMUNIKASI

1. MONITORS (nyeri, suhu, raba, tekanan, suara, cahaya, bau)

SOMATOSENSORY SOMATORECEPTOR EXTERNAL
SSP SENSORY LINGKUNGAN
VISCEROSENSORY VISCERORECEPTOR INTERNAL
Tegangan, Tek.drh, kimia darah
(hormon, glukosa, CO2, ion/elektrolit)

2. KOORDINASI (interneuron in CNS) RESPON YANG TEPAT

(PROSES, INTEGRASI)
SOMATOMOTORIK SOMATOEFFECTOR
3. INSTRUKSI *: SSP MOTORIK (Skeletal muscles)
VISCEROMOTORIK VISCEROEFFECTOR
(Organ muscles: smooth m.,
* (1).Conscious (2). Unconscious
cardiac m., vasa, glandular cell)
Figure 26.11 The human brain

26-12
Three main
components of
the brain:
1. Cerebrum
2. Cerebellum
3. Brain stem
(Truncus cerebri)
Susunan Saraf Pusat SUSUNAN SARAF PUSAT

Cerebrum

Encephalon Cerebellum

Medulla
Batang otak
Spinalis

P F

O T
 PROTEKSI
1. Cranium
2. Meninges
3. Liquor cerebrospinalis (LCS)
4. Blood Brain Barrier
5. Circulus arteriosus Willisi
 1 PROTECTION OF THE BRAIN

1. Cranium (skull) 2
2. Meninges: 1
(1). Duramater
(2). Arachnoidea mater
(3). Pia mater
Subarachnoid space
(contains: CSF)
1. FALK CEREBRI bagian duramater yang terdapat / membatasi kedua belahan
hemisphere cerebri kiri dan kanan .
2. TENTORIUM CEREBELLI bagian duramater yang terdapat / membatasi antara
cerebrum dan cerebellum .
3. FALK CEREBELLI bagian duramater yang terdapat / membatasi kedua belahan
hemisphere cerebellum kiri dan kanan .
SINUS DURAMATRIS
Tunggal
1. Sinus Sagittalis Superior
2. Sinus Sagittalis Inferior
3. Sinus Rectus
4. Sinus Occipital
SINUS DURAMATRIS 4. Sinus Petrosus
Berpasangan Sup
1. Sinus Transversus 5. Sinus Petrosus Inf
2. Sinus Cavernosus 6. Sinus
3. Sinus Sigmoideus Sphenoiparietalis
 Liquor
cerebro
spinalis
(LCS)
 BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER (BBB)
(barrier for toxin/chemical hazard to the brain)

BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER
(BBB)
(barrier for toxin/chemical
hazards to the brain)
CIRCULUS ARTERIOSUS WILLISI
(arterial circle of Willis)
 Cerebrum
5

1.Lobus 3.Lobus 5.Lobus

Frontalis Temporalis Limbicus

2.Lobus 4.Lobus 6.Lobus

Parietalis Occipitalis Insularis
 cerebrum

Substansia Substansia
Grisea Alba

- Abu-abu - Putih
-Badan Sel - Serabut Saraf
CORPUS CALLOSUM

DIENCEPHALON
Serabut-
serabut di
hemispherium
cerebri :
1. Serabut
Asosiasi
2. Serabut
Proyeksi
3. Serabut
komisural
Fibers of Cerebral White Matter (coronal section)

1. Corpus callosum
2. Internal capsule
3. Superior occipitofrontal
fasciculus
4. Superior longitudinal
fasciculus
5. Inferior occipitofrontal
fasciculus
6. Cingulum
7. Uncinate fasciculus
8. Inferior longitudinal
fasciculus
 SYMPATHETIC NS PARASYMPATHETIC NS
AUTONOMIC NS
(Centers: thoracolumbal) (Centers: craniosacral)
 RIGHT & LEFT BRAIN
(LATERALIZATION/
DOMINANCE)
Right Brain:
Emotional/art brain
Left Brain:
Rational/mathematic brain
Language dominance
(+/- 90% of pop.
Right handed persons: 95%)
 LEFT & RIGHT CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES (CHs)
Motoric
Sensory
* Injury of the left CH produces sensory and
motor deficits on the right side, and vice
versa) R L

* One CH has a slightly more developed, or

dominant, area in which written and spoken
language is organized.
Over 95% of right handed people and even
the majority of left handed people have
dominance for speech language in the left
CH
(Left CH injury, e.g. stroke, will be more likely
to produce aphasia and other language
deficits
receptors
effectors effectors