Darat Deterioration of
Overuse of
pesticide & fertilizer
Loss of soil
ABRASIConstruction
aquafarm
of Deforestation of
Mangrove forest
Dredging/
Reclamation Pollution of PENCEMARAN
coastal water
(Subandono, 2001)
ANCAMAN BAHAYA
TSUNAMI DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA
APA ITU TSUNAMI…?
• Rangkaian gelombang panjang
• Akibat perubahan dasar laut
• Terjadi secara tiba-tiba
2. Gunungapi
– Letusan gunungapi bawah laut juga dapat
mengganggu kesetimbangan badan air
– Menimbukan pergerakan vertikal dasar laut
– Jatuhan material gunung api juga dapat
mengganggu kesetimbangan masa air
disekitarnya
3. Longsoran
– Luncuran sedimen/lapisan tanah disekitar
pantai dalam jumlah besar yang
menimbulkan kesetimbangan air
– Penambahan volume sedimen kedalam
badan air menimbulkan pergerakan vertikal
– Biasanya menimbulkan tsunami dalam skala
lokal
– Contoh kasus, tsunami di papua,
sebelumnya terjadi gempa yang
menimbulkan longsor pada lapisan tanah
yang labih dan meluncur ke arah pantai
TSUNAMI DAN KARAKTERISTIKNYA
Apa saja sumber pembangkit
tsunami…? (4)
MOVIE
Sumber: Hamzah Latief dan Haris, Pusat Penelitian Tsunami - ITB (2002)
TSUNAMI DI INDONESIA
TSUNAMI FLORES
– Terjadi pada tahun 1992
– Bersumber disekitar perairan Flores
– Merupakan Tsunami yang menimbulkan korban dan kerugian yang besar
Sumber: Hamzah Latief, Aditya, Haris, Pusat Penelitian Tsunami – ITB (2005)
TSUNAMI DI INDONESIA
TSUNAMI PANGANDARAN (2006)
Sumber: Hamzah Latief, Aditya, Haris, Pusat Penelitian Tsunami – ITB (2006)
TSUNAMI DI INDONESIA
TSUNAMI PANGANDARAN (2006)
MITIGATION
A. Structural Measures
Hard Protection : Artificial protection (seawall and breakwater)
Expensive
Soft Protection : Vegetation or Greenbelt
SEAWALL in Japan
Vulnerability map
Hazard map
The Casuarinas trees fell down from First line of the trees were knocked
around 30 meter tsunami heights in down by 6-7 meter in heights of the
Lhoknga coast 2006 West Java Tsunami at Cimanuk,
Cikalong, West Java
Is it role of vegetation?
Tsunami Heights =3-4m
KERRY
SHIEH©2005
Coastal Forest Protected Houses in West Coast of Aceh
This figure show how well coastal forest protected houses .
Houses fringed by coastal forest less damaged than those where coastal forest were absent.
Coastal forest was also prevented people being washed into the sea .
Before tsunami After tsunami
No vegetation
No vegetation Houses completely
destroyed
With vegetation
with vegetation Houses slightly
damaged
Ikonos imagery before and after the 2006 West Java tsunami shows the role of vegetation
reduced tsunami at the Pangandaran Beach (source: CRIPS, www.crips.nus.edu.sg)
Tsunami broken at the first line of forest, and flowing trough vegetation
6-7 m MSL
98 m
rivergate
embankment
Latief,2006
Graphic of Inundation areas and inundation distances
of Banda Aceh City
Penanaman Vegetasi Pantai oleh DKP di Pangandaran
•Cemara Laut.
•Waru Laut
•Ketapang
•3 x3 m2
Ketahanan Masyarakat Pesisir
(Coastal Community Resilience)
Ketahanan ~ Resilience
HFA
Fokus pada
Coastal
kelompok Disaster Warning
Resources
masyarakat Management System
Management
terisolasi
Kondisi ideal (terpadu)
HFA
Socio-economy &
Disaster Recovery
Livelihoods
CCR Framework
Emergency Response
Coastal Resource
Management
Risk Knowledge
Community Resilience
Sistem Ketahanan Komunitas Pesisir
Pengukuran & Pengkajian Ketahanan
• Kekuatan
• Kelemahan
• Dan lain -lain
Implementasi &
Monitoring
Skor Ketahanan
Governance
4
Response 0 CRM
Sumber Penyusunan
Daya & Prioritas
Peluang Lain Warning & Evacuation Land Use
Risk Knowledge
SEKIAN
hamzah@ppk.itb.ac.id
d_julkarnaen@ppk.itb.ac.id
Tsunami Reasearch Group - ITB