Pengelolaan

Spesimen dan
Konfirmasi
Laboratorium
Monica Rezky dan Ananda Rama
Praselia
 Hasil tes pemeriksaan negatif pada
spesimen tunggal, terutama jika spesimen
berasal dari saluran pernapasan atas, belum
tentu mengindikasikan ketiadaan infeksi.
Oleh karena itu harus dilakukan
pengulangan pengambilan dan pengujian
spesimen. Spesimen saluran pernapasan
bagian bawah (lower respiratory tract)
sangat direkomendasikan pada pasien
dengan gejala klinis yang parah atau
progresif. Adanya patogen lain yang positif
tidak menutup kemungkinan adanya infeksi
COVID-19, karena sejauh ini peran
Pengambilan spesimen pasien dalam pengawasan
dan orang dalam pemantauan dilakukan
sebanyak dua kali berturut-turut (hari ke-1 dan
ke-2 serta bila terjadi kondisi perburukan).
Pengambilan spesimen kontak erat risiko tinggi
dilakukan pada hari ke-1 dan ke-14.
 JENIS
SPESIM
EN
PENGAMB
ILAN
SPESIMEN
PENGAMBILA
N SPESIMEN
Sebelum kegiatan pengambilan spesimen dilaksanakan, harus memperhatikan
universal precaution atau kewaspadaan universal untuk mencegah terjadinya
penularan penyakit dari pasien ke paramedis maupun lingkungan sekitar. Hal
tersebut meliputi:
1. Selalu mencuci tangan dengan menggunakan sabun/desinfektan
SEBELUM
dan SESUDAH tindakan.
2. Menggunakan APD
Melihat situasi saat ini, mekanisme penularan masih dalam investigasi
maka APD yang digunakan untuk pengambilan spesimen adalah APD
lengkap dengan menggunakan masker minimal N95.
 BAHAN
PENGAMBILAN
SPESIMEN
BAHAN
PENGAMBILAN
SPESIMEN
1. Form Pengambilan Spesimen (lampiran 6)
Dapat ditambah daftar nama pasien (supaya saat pengambilan tidak terjadi
kesalahan) jika pasien lebih dari satu.

2. Spesimen Saluran Pernapasan Bawah (Lower Respiratory Tract)

a. Virus Transport Media (VTM)
b. Dapat digunakan dengan beberapa merk komersil yang sudah siap pakai
atau dengan mencampur beberapa bahan (Hanks BBS; Antifungal dan
Antibiotik dengan komposisi tertentu) untuk disatukan dalam 1 wadah
steril.
c. Swab Dacron atau Flocked Swab, Tongue Spatel, Kontainer Steril untuk
Sputum, Parafilm, Plastik Klip, Marker atau Label.
BAHAN
PENGAMBILAN
SPESIMEN
3. Spesimen Darah/Serum :
a. Spuit disposable 3ml atau 5 ml atau Sistem Vacutainer
b. Wing needle (jika diperlukan)
c. Kapas alkohol 70%, dan Kapas Kering
d. Vial 1,8 ml atau tabung tutup ulir (wadah Spesimen Serum)
e. Marker atau Label

4. Bahan Pengepakan/Pengiriman Spesimen :

a. Ice pack dan Cold Box (diutamakan sudah menggunakan Sistem tiga
lapis)
b. Label Alamat
c. Lakban/Perekat
 TATACARA
PENGAMBILAN
SPESIMEN
NASOFARING
TATACARA
PENGAMBILAN
SPESIMEN
NASOFARING
1. Persiapkan cryotube yang berisi 1,5 ml media transport virus (Hanks BSS
+ Antibiotika), dapat juga digunakan VTM komersil yang siap pakai
(pabrikan).

2. Berikan label yang berisi Nama Pasien dan Kode Nomer Spesimen. Jika
label bernomer tidak tersedia maka Penamaan menggunakan
Marker/Pulpen pada bagian berwarna putih di dinding cryotube. (Jangan
gunakan Medium Hanks Bila telah berubah warna menjadi Kuning).
TATACARA
PENGAMBILAN
SPESIMEN
NASOFARING
3. Gunakan swab yang terbuat dari dacron/rayon steril dengan tangkai
plastik atau jenis Flocked Swab (tangkai lebih lentur). Jangan
menggunakan swab kapas atau swab yang mengandung Calcium Alginat
atau Swab kapas dengan tangkai kayu, karena mungkin mengandung
substansi yang dapat menghambat menginaktifasi virus dan dapat
menghambat proses pemeriksaan secara molekuler.

4. Pastikan tidak ada Obstruksi (hambatan pada lubang hidung).

5. Masukkan secara perlahan swab ke dalam hidung, pastikan posisi swab

pada septum bawah hidung.
TATACARA
PENGAMBILAN
SPESIMEN
NASOFARING
6. Masukkan swab secara perlahan-lahan ke bagian nasofaring.
TATACARA
PENGAMBILAN
SPESIMEN
NASOFARING
7. Swab kemudian dilakukan gerak memutar secara perlahan.

8. Kemudian masukkan sesegera mungkin ke dalam cryotube yang berisi

VTM

9. Putuskan tangkai plastik di daerah mulut cryotube agar cryotube dapat

ditutup dengan rapat.
TATACARA
PENGAMBILAN
SPESIMEN
NASOFARING
10. Pastikan label kode spesimen sesuai dengan kode yang ada di
formulir/Kuesioner.

11. Cryotube kemudian dililit parafilm dan masukkan ke dalam Plastik

Klip. Jika ada lebih dari 1 pasien, maka Plastik Klip dibedakan/terpisah.
Untuk menghindari kontaminasi silang.

12. Simpan dalam suhu 4-8°C

sebelum dikirim. Jangan
dibekukan dalam Freezer.
 MAYBE YOU NEED TO DIVIDE THE CONTENT
MERCURY
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s only
a bit larger than our Moon. The planet’s name
has nothing to do with the liquid metal, since
it was named after the Roman messenger god,
Mercury
VENUS
Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot—even
hotter than Mercury—and its atmosphere is
extremely poisonous. It’s the second-brightest
natural object in the night sky after the Moon
 YOU COULD USE THREE COLUMNS, WHY NOT?

MARS JUPITER MERCURY

Despite being red, Mars is It’s a gas giant and also the Mercury is the closest planet to
actually a cold place. It’s full of biggest planet in our Solar the Sun and the smallest one in
iron oxide dust, which gives System. Jupiter is the fourth- the Solar System—it’s only a
the planet its reddish cast brightest object in the sky bit larger than our Moon
A PICTURE ALWAYS
REINFORCES THE
CONCEPT
Images reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of long texts.
Your audience will appreciate that
A
PICTURE
IS
WORTH
A
THOUSA
ND
 REINFORCE THE CONCEPT USING INFOGRAPHICS!

SATURN NEPTUNE MARS

Saturn is the ringed one. It’s Neptune is the farthest planet Despite being red, Mars is
composed mostly of hydrogen from the Sun and the fourth- actually a cold place. It’s full
and helium largest by diameter of iron oxide dust
 INFOGRAPHICS MAKE YOUR IDEA
UNDERSTANDABLE…

Saturn is the ringed one. It’s Saturn is the ringed one.

composed mostly of 01 03 It’s composed mostly of
hydrogen and helium hydrogen and helium

Neptune is the farthest Venus has a beautiful name

planet from the Sun and the 02 04 and is the second planet
fourth-largest by diameter from the Sun. It’s very hot
 … AND THE SAME GOES FOR TABLES
MON TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
THIS IS A MAP

MERCURY
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun

MARS
Despite being red, Mars is a
cold place

NEPTUNE
Neptune is the farthest planet
from the Sun
 A TIMELINE ALWAYS WORKS FINE

Mercury is the closest

planet to the Sun and is Venus has a beautiful Saturn is the ringed one. Despite being red, Mars is
only a bit larger than our name and is the second It’s composed mostly of actually a cold place. It’s
Moon planet from the Sun hydrogen and helium full of iron oxide dust

01 02 03 04

MERCUR
Y VENUS SATURN MARS
 HOW ABOUT THE PERCENTAGES?
55%
MERCURY
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun

15% 30%
VENUS NEPTUNE
Venus has a beautiful name, Neptune is the farthest planet
but it’s terribly hot from the Sun
 DO YOU PREFER THESE OTHER PERCENTAGES?

MARS MERCURY
Despite being red, Mars is Mercury is the closest
actually a cold place planet to the Sun

VENUS NEPTUNE
Venus has a beautiful Neptune is the farthest
name, but it’s terribly hot planet from the Sun

32% 10% 23% 35%

4,498,300,00
0
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 333,000.00
earths is the Sun’s mass

24h 37m 23s

is Jupiter’s rotation period

386,000 km
is the distance between the Earth and the Moon
 SOMETIMES, REVIEWING CONCEPTS IS A GOOD
IDEA

MARS VENUS MERCURY

Despite being red, Mars is actually a Venus has a beautiful name and is Mercury is the smallest planet in our
cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust the second planet from the Sun Solar System

JUPITER SATURN NEPTUNE

Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest Saturn is a gas giant, composed Neptune is the fourth-largest planet
planet in our Solar System mostly of hydrogen and helium in our Solar System
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