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STUDI PENGARUH PARALEL PENTANAHAN

TRANSFORMATOR DISTRIBUSI TERHADAP
KINERJA PENTANAHAN UNTUK
MENINGKATKAN PROTEKSI TRANSFORMATOR
DISTRIBUSI DI PT. PLN (PERSERO) ULP
KAWANGKOAN

Oleh :
Imanuel Pitoy
18021050
 Latar Belakang
Pentanahan merupakan sistem proteksi yang
sangat penting dalam menjaga kinerja dari
gardu distribusi.
Menekan rasio kerusakan transformator
distribusi yang diakibatkan pentanahan
yang tidak standar
Meningkatkan efektifitas biaya
pengoperasian gardu distribusi
1
Masih terdapat banyak gardu distribusi
2 dengan nilai pentanahan yang tidak
sesuai standar
3
Pentanahan paralel merupakan solusi
4 yang tepat dalam memperbaiki nilai
pentanahan gardu distribusi
5
Tujuan
Memahami Bagaimana pengaruh
1 pentanahan paralel terhadap kualitas
nilai tahanan pentanahan

Memahami Bagaimana pengaruh nilai

2 tahanan pentanahan yang rendah pada
kontinuitas dan keandalan sistem
distribusi pada transformator distribusi
 Apa itu sistem
pentanahan?

Sistem pentanahan adalah suatu sistem proteksi yang melindungi

perangkat-perangkat listrik dari lonjakan arus listrik karena
hubung singkat, maupun dari lonjakan listrik karena sambaran
petir. Sistem pentanahan ini digambarkan sebagai hubungan
antara suatu peralatan atau rangkaian listrik dengan bumi.
Bagian yang ditanahkan

Semua bagian instalasi yang terbuat dari logam

Bagian pembuangan muatan listrik (bagian bawah)

dari lightning arrester

Kawat petir (steel wire) yang ada pada bagian atas saluran
transmisi ataupun Jaringan Tegangan Menengah (JTM)

Titik netral dari transformator

 Jenis-jenis pentanahan

b
a Batang pentanahan tunggal
a
b Batang pentanahan ganda (multiple
grounding rod). Terdiri dari beberapa
batang tunggal yang dihubungkan
paralel.

c Anyaman pentanahan (grounding

c d mesh)

d Pelat pentanahan (groundingplate)

Batang pentanahan dengan lingkaran pengruhnya

Lapisan tanah yang paling dekat dengan pasak

memiliki permukaan paling sempit, sehingga
memberikan tahanan terbesar. Lapisan
berikutnya yang lebih luas, memberikan
tahanan yang lebih kecil. Demikian
seterusnya, hingga pada suatu jarak tertentu
dari pasak. Jarak ini disebut daerah tahanan
efektif, yang juga sangat bergantung pada
kedalaman pasak. Hal ini menjadikan tahanan
tanah sebagai besaran yang paling kritis dan
paling sulit dihitung atau pun dibatasi.
 Tahanan jenis tanah pada berbagai tipe tanah

Jenis Tanah Tahanan Jenis Tanah (Ohm-m)

Nilai tahanan jenis tanah harus diambil
Tanah rawa 30 untuk keadaan yang paling buruk, yaitu
Tanah liat dan tanah lading 100
pada saat tanah dalam keadaan kering
dan dingin. Nilai resistans jenis tanah
Pasir basah 200
sangat berbeda-beda tergantung pada
Kerikil basah 500 jenis tanah, seperti dilihat pada
Pasir dan kerikil kering 1000
3.18.3.1. dalam PUIL 2000 yang
ditunjukkan pada tabel disamping :
Tanah berbatu 3000
 Hasil yang ingin dicapai

Melalui penggunaan pentanahan paralel dalam sistem

pentanahan pada transformator distribusi, dapat menekan
rasio kerusakan trafo yang diakibatkan tahanan
pentanahan yang tidak sesuai standar, dalam upaya
meningkatkan efektivitas biaya pengoperasian
transformator distribusi
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