MATRIKS

1
 DEFINISI

Matrix asalah susunan bilangan berbentuk segi-4

yang terdiri atas baris dan kolom yang ditulis dalam
sepasang tanda kurung.
 NOTASI OF MATRIKS
Amxn

 a11 a12 a13 ... a1n 

a a a23 
... a2 n 
A   21 22

 ... ... ... ... ... 

 
am1 am 2 am 3 ... amn 

Nama Matriks
 ELEMENT MATRIKS

 a11 a12 a13 ... a1n  element

a a a23 
... a2 n  baris 1
A   21 22

 ... ... ... ... ... 

 
am1 am 2 am 3 ... amn 
Letak
Elemen kolom 1 elemen
 ORDO
Ordo m x n Notasi : A m x n

 a11 a12 a13 ... a1n  Baris 1

a a a23 
... a2 n 
A   21 22 Baris 2
 ... ... ... ... ... 
 
am1 am 2 am 3 ... amn  Baris m

Kolom1 Kolom2 Kolom 3 Kolom n

Contoh:

2 8  1 12 

Ζ  0 7 9  3
3  4 6 5 

1. Apakah nama matriks di atas?

 2 8  1 12 

Ζ  0 7 9  3
3  4 6 5 

2. Sebutkan elemen baris 3 dan kolom 4!

 2 8  1 12 

Ζ  0 7 9  3
3  4 6 5 

3. Sebutkan elemen baris ke-2!

 2 8  1 12 

Ζ  0 7 9  3
3  4 6 5 

3. Sebutkan ordo matriks di atas dan notasinya!

Ordo 3 x 4

Notasi : Z 3 x 4
JENIS-JENIS MATRIKS

10
 MATRIKS BARIS

N  1 9 9 4
MATRIKS KOLOM

 3

S  0 
6
MATRIKS DIAGONAL

 4 0 0

M  0 1 0 
0 0 1
 MATRIKS IDENTITAS

Penjumlahan Perkalian
1 0 0
0 0   
  W  0 1 0 
W  0 0 
0 0 1
0 0
1 0 
Matriks 0 W  
0 1 
 MATRIKS SEGITIGA

Segitiga Atas

1 4 3  1 0 0 0
  9 2 0 0
W  0 11  2
W 
0 0 14  6 0 3 0
 
2  7 4 28
Segitiga bawah
 TRANSPOS MATRIKS
Transpos matriks A terjadi jika setiap baris pada
matriks tersebut berubah menjadi kolom .
Transpose matriks A ditulis A’ atau At. Sehingga A
mxn menjadi A’ n x m.

Elemen baris 1 matriks A  Kolom 1 matriks A’

Elemen baris 2 matriks A  Kolom 2 matriks A’
dst
 TRANSPOS MATRIKS

A4x2  A’ 2 x 4

 1 2   1 5 4  3
5  '
A 
10  1 
A   2 10 2 9 
4 1 
 2   1 5 4  3
t
 3 9 A  1 
 2 10 2 9 
 Tentukan transpose matriks berikut!

5 0 3  1

A  2   
B  1 2 2  
  1  3 1 4 
 Tentukan transpose matriks berikut!

A  5 2  1 5
A t 
 2  
  1
 Jawab

0 3  1  0 31 31

B  1 2 2      
BB 13
t
22 21 
 3 1 4  31 12 4
 a c e g
A   B  
b d f h

a =e
b =f
c =g
d =h
 PERSAMAAN MATRIKS

 1 4  1 x
A   B  
- 2 3 - 2 z

If A = B, tentukan nilai x dan z!

Jika A = B, tentukan nilai x, y dan z!

2 x y  2 5 
A  B 
6 z  2x 4x  y 
 2 x y  2 5 
A  B 
6 z  2x 4x  y 

2 =2
x+y = -5
6 = 2x
z = 4x - y
 6 = 2x 2 =2

x = 6/2 =3
x+y = -5
3+y = -5
y = -5 - 3 = -8

 z = 4x – y
= 4.3 – (-8)
z = 12 + 8 = 20
 -5
3 + (-8)
2 x y  2 5 
A   B  
6 z  2x 4x  y 
20 2.3 4.3 – (-8)
6 12 + 8
20

2  5 2  5
A   B  
6 20  6 20 
1. PENJUMLAHAN DAN PENGURANGAN
MATRIKS

Dua atau lebih matriks dapat dijumlahkan

atau dikurang kan jika :
a. Matriks tersebut berordo sama
b. Yang dioperasikan elemen yang seletak
 Contoh:

Jika
 6 2  10 2
9 5 
A   3 12  B   0 4 C  
 4 21
 5  8  7 9 

Dapatkah A dan C dijumlahkan?

Dapatkah A dan B dijumlahkan?

 Untuk
 6 2  10 2
A   3 12  B   0 4
 5  8  7 9 

A+B=… B-A=…
 6 2  10 2  16 4  10 2  6 2  4 0 
 3 12    0 4   3 16  0 4   3 12   3  8
           
 5  8  7 9   12 1   7 9  5  8 2 17 
 2. PERKALIAN MATRIKS

a. Perkalian 2 buah matriks

=
 a d 1 g j
m o q s
A   b e 2 B   h k  C  
 n p r t 
 c f 3  i l 
3x3 3x2 2x4

1. Dapatkah A dan C dikalikan?

2. Dapatkah A dan B dikalikan?

 Contoh
Diberikan
6 2
 3 1 / 2 0 5
A   3 0  C  
 4  1  2 0 
 5  8 C
2x4

Dapatkah A dan C dikalikan?

A3x2 C2 x 4 Z3 x 4

=
Untuk
6 2
 3 1 / 2 0 5
A   3 0  C  
 4  1  2 0 
 5  8

AxC=…

A3x2 C2 x 4

=
 B1A

B2A
K1C K2C K3C K4C
B3A
 B1A

B2A
K1C K2C K3C K4C
B3A

6 2 a = (6x3)+(2x4)
 3 1 / 2 0 5
A   3 0  C  
 4  1  2 0  = 18 + 8
 5  8
= 26
 26 B1A

B2A
K1C K2C K3C K4C
B3A

6 2 a = (-3x3)+(0x4)
 3 1 / 2 0 5
A   3 0  C  
 4  1  2 0  = -9 + 0
 5  8
= -9
 26 B1A
-9
B2A
K1C K2C K3C K4C
B3A

6 2 a = (5x5)+(0x-8)
 3 1 / 2 0 5
A   3 0  C  
 4  1  2 0  = 25 + 0
 5  8
= 25
 26 B1A
-9
25 B2A
K1C K2C K3C K4C
B3A

6 2
 3 1 / 2 0 5
A   3 0  C  
 4  1  2 0 
 5  8
 26 1 -4 30

A.C = -9 -1,5 0 -15

-17 10,5 16 25

6 2
 3 1 / 2 0 5
A   3 0  C  
 4  1  2 0 
 5  8
 Kerjakan soal berikut!
Diberikan
  1 0 2 
 1 3 2
X   Y   2  Z   4 3 
  2 5 4   4  1  2

Tentukanlah matriks :
1.X.Y
2.Z.X
b. Perkalian Matriks dengan skala

Multiplication a real number with matrix A is

multipilcation each elements of matrix A by that
real number

k.A = [k.amn]
 Example

Determine 2 x A if

6 2

A   3 0  
 5  8
 Answer

2.A =
 2x6 2x2 
2 x  3 0 x 2 
 
 2 x 5  8 x 2

 12 4 
=  6 0 
 
 10  16
 DETERMINANT

Determinant of matrix
a. Only used in square
b. are substraction with elements 1st diagonal
and 2nd diagonal, where each elements
enclosed
 a. DETERMINANT ORDO 2 X 2

If

a b 
A  
c d 

than|A| = ad - bc
 Example

Determine value of determinant matrix below

 5 10
A  
- 1 6 

Answer:

|A| = 5.6 – 10.-1 = 30 + 10 = 40

 DETERMINAN ORDO 3 x 3

If given
a b c 
A  d e f 
 g h i 

than |A| = a b c a b
A  d e f d e 
 g h i g h 
 DETERMINAN ORDO 3 x 3

|A| =
a b c a b
A  d e f d e 
 g h i g h 

= (a.e.i + b.f.g + c.d.h) –(c.e.g + a.f.h + b.d.i)

 Example
Determine determinat of
0 4 7  0 4 7 0 4 
A   2 1  3 
 A   2 1  3 2 1 
 1 3 5   1 3 5  1 3 

Answer:
= (0.1.5 + 4.-3.-1 + 7.2.3) –(-1.1.7 +3.-3.0 + 5.2.4)
= (0+12+42) – (-7+0+40)
= 54 – 33 = 21
 4. ADJOIN
Adjoin matrix A is the result transpose from
kofaktor matriks A.

Matrix A

Minor Matrix A

Kofaktor Matrix A

Adjoin Matrix A
a. Ordo 2 x 2
Minor
Jika  5 10 maka minor  6 - 1
A   A  
- 1 6  10 5 

M11 = 6  5 10 M12 = -1  5 10

A   A  
- 1 6  - 1 6 

M21 = 10  5 10 M22 = 5  5 10

A   A  
- 1 6  - 1 6 
 Kofactor

If  5 10 than kofactor  6 1

A   A  
- 1 6  - 10 5 

M11 = 6 .-11+1 = 6  6 - 1
A 10 5 
M12 = -1. -11+2 = -1.-1 =1  
M21 = 10. -12+1 = 10. -1 = -10
 -
M22 = 5. -1 2+2 = 5.1 = 5 - 
 
 Adjoin

If  5 10 than Adjoin matrix A

A  
- 1 6 
Resulted from the its kofactor
 6 - 1
Minor  A   
10 5 
 6 1 6 - 10
kofaktor  A    Adjoin  A  1 5 
- 10 5  
 b. Ordo 3 x 3
1 1 2
If , minor matrix A
A   1 2 3 
showed
 5 0  2
next
M11 = 2.-2 – (0.3) M12 = 1.-2 – (-5.3) M13 = 1.0 – (-5.2)
= -4- 0 = -2 – (-15) = 0 – (-10)
= -4 = 13 = 10
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2

A  1 2 3   
A  1 2 3   
A  1 2 3  
 5 0  2  5 0  2  5 0  2
M21 = 1.-2 – 0.2 M22 = 1.-2 – (-5.2) M23 = 1.0 – (-5.1)
= -2- 0 = -2 – (-10) = 0 – (-5)
= -2 =8 =5
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
A   1 2 3  A   1 2 3  A   1 2 3 
 5 0  2  5 0  2  5 0  2
M21 = 1.3 – (2.2) M22 = 1.3 – (1.2) M23 = 1.2 – (1.1)
=3-4 =3–2 = 2 – (1)
= -1 =1 =1
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
A   1 2 3  A   1 2 3  A   1 2 3 
 5 0  2  5 0  2  5 0  2
 Kofactor
Minor : Kofactor :
 - 4 13 10     - 4 - 13 10 
A   2 8 5  A       A   2 8 - 5
  1 1 1       1 -1 1 
 Adjoin
If given Minor A :
 1 1 2   -1 1 1
A   1 2 3    2 8 5
 5 0  2   1 1 1 

Kofactor A : Adjoin A :
- 1 -1 1 - 1 2 - 1
  2 8 - 5  - 1 8 - 1
 1 -1 1   1 - 5 1 
 5. INVERSE

1 1
Inverse matrix A  A  . Adjoin A , A  0
|A|
a. Inverse ordo 2 X 2

a b 
If A    ,
c d 
1 1
A  . Adjoin A
|A|
1 1  d  b
or A 
| A |  c a 
 Contoh:
Determine inverse from
 5 10
A  
- 1 6 
Answer
a b  1 1
if A    ,A  . Adjoin A
 c d  |A|
1 1  d  b
or A 
| A |  c a 
 Answer :
1 1
A  .adjA
|A|

1 1 6  10
A 
| 5.6  (1.10) | 1 5 
1 1 6  10
A 
| 30  10 | 1 5 
1 1 6  10
A   
40 1 5 
 1 6 / 40  10 / 40
A   
1 / 40 5 / 40 

1 3 / 20  1 / 4
A   
1 / 40 1 / 8 
 II. MATRIX APPLICATION
Using to determine variabel value of linear
equation. If the equation have variabel x dan y,
than ..
|X|
x
|A|
|Y|
y
|A|
 Example
Determine value of x dan y from the next equations
2x + 3y =7 2 3   x  7 
x - 2y =7       
1  2   y   7 
2 3 
A    | A | 2.  2  (1.3)   4  3   7
1  2
7 3 
X    | X | 7.  2  (7.3)   14  21   35
7  2
2 7
Y    | Y | 2.7  (1.7)  14  7  7
1 7
 | X |  35
x  5
|A| 7

|Y| 7
y   -1
|A| 7
 Competence Check
1. Given  1 2 - 6 - 5
A  and B  5 4
3 4   
(A.B)-1 = ….

4 3  1 1  1 1
a.   -1   1 
2 1  
c. 2 2 e.  2 2
   1   1 
 2   - 2 
 1 - 3  1 1
b.    -1 
 d. 2 2
- 2 4   -1 2 
 
2. Determine solution set from the next l
  2 3  x  4 
 1 2  y   5 
    
are ….
a. (1,2) c. (1,2) e. (2,1)

b. (1,2) d. (1,2)
b. Find determinan and adjoint from the next
matrix
 1 0 3
A   1  2 3
 4 0 2

2 1 
B  
- 1 - 3
 2 1 
B  
- 1 - 3
 Minor
Jika  2 1  maka minor - 3 - 1
A   A  
- 1 - 3  1 2

M11 = -3 2 1  M12 = -1 2 1 
A   A  
- 1 - 3  - 1 - 3 

M21 = 1 2 1  M22 = 2 2 1 
A   A  
- 1 - 3  - 1 - 3 
 Kofactor

If 2 1  than kofactor - 3 1 
A   A  
- 1 - 3   - 1 - 2 

M11 = -3 .-11+1 = -3 - 3 - 1
A  
M12 = -1. -11+2 = -1.-1 =1  1 2 
M21 = 1. -12+1 = 1. -1 = -1
 -
M22 = 2. -1 2+2 = 2.1 = 2 - 
 
 2 1   SOAL
A  
- 1 - 3 
- 3 - 1
A    MINOR
 1 2 
- 3 1 
A  
KOFACTOR   - 1 - 2   3 - 1 
ADJOINT   1  2
 