4. Nama Alkana:
No. Cabang-Nama Cabang-Nama Alkana Rantai Utama
Contoh
CH3
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3
H2 H2 H2
H H H H3C C C CH3
H3C C C C C C CH3
4 CH2
CH2 CH3 CH3
5 CH2
CH3
6 CH
3
H2 H H2 H2 H H2 H2 H2 H2
H3C C C C C C CH3 H2C C C C C CH2
4 5 6 7 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 CH2 8 CH2
3 CH2 1 CH3
9 CH3 9 CH3
2 CH2
1 CH3
NAMA DAN RUMUS STRUKTUR ALKANA RANTAI LURUS
NAMA JUMLAH KARBON RUMUS KARBON RUMUS STRUKTUR TITIK DIDIH (OC)
Metil H3C
Tert-butil
H2 H3C C CH3
Etil H3C C
CH3
Propil H2 H2
H3C C C
CH3
CH3 H2
Isopropil Neo-pentil H3C C C
H3C C
H CH3
H H2
Isobutil H3C C C CH3
Tert-pentil
H3CH2C C
CH3
H H2
H3C C C CH3 CH3
Sek butil Isopentil
H H2 H2
H3C C C C
CH3
Latihan Soal
2. H2 5. CH3
CH3CH2 C C C CH(CH3)2
H
CH3 CH2 CH3
(CH2)2 H2 H2
H3C C C C C C CH3
H
3. H2 H2 H
HC CH3
HC CH3
CH(CH3)2
SIFAT-SIFAT FISIK ALKANA
H2 H2 H
H3C C C CH3 H3C C CH3
CH3
n-butana (titik didih = -0,5oC) Isobutana (titik didih = -10,2oC)
b. C5H12 CH3
H2 H2 H2 H H2
H3C C C C CH3 H3C C C CH3 H3C C CH3
CH3 CH3
2. Dekarboksilasi Asam
O O
H3C C + NaOH H3C C + H 2O
OH ONa
O
H3C C + NaOH CH4 + Na2CO3
ONa
3. REDUKSI ALKIL HALIDA
a. Hidrolisis Reagen Grignard
eter H2O
RX + Mg RMgX RH + MgOHX
Reagen Grignard
eter H2O
CH3CH2CHCH3 + Mg CH3CH2CHCH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3 + MgOHBr
Br MgBr
2-butil magnesium bromida n-butana
RX + Zn + H+ RH + Zn+ + X-
Br
c. REAKSI WURTZ
CH3 CH3
1. Halogenasi
250o-400oC
RH + X2 RX + HX
Penyinaran (umumnya
campuran)
Mekanisme Reaksi
250o-400oC
(1) X2 2 X (Radikal halogen)
UV
(2) X + RH HX + R (Radikal alkil)
(3) R + X2 RX + X
Terjadi perulangan reaksi (2) dan (3) sampai reaksi berhenti
X X2
CH3CH3 CH3CH2 CH3CH2X
etil radikal
X2
CH3CH2CH2 CH3CH2CH2X
X
CH3CH2CH3 propil radikal
X
X2
CH3CHCH3 CH3CHCH3
Cl
Cl2
CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl + CHCH2CHCH3
penyinaran, 25oC 1-kloro butana 2-kloro butana
28% 72%
CH3 CH3
150oC
H3C C H + HNO3 H3C C NO2 + H2O
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3
C8H16 + H2
CRACKING (PIROLISIS)