Karangan

3 主要成分 ：
1. Pendahuluan （开头）

2. Isi （内容）

3. Penutup （结尾）
 0
1
Pendahuluan
看到题目后要如何开始写？
（开头）
PENDAHULUAN
开头一定要有 ：
● Definisi ( 意思）
● Huraian ringkas （简要描述 ; 简介）

Ayat pertama （第一句）

● 谈一谈作文的主题
● 解释作文提名的意思

Ayat kedua （第二句）

● Membincang kehendak soalan （讨论题目要求）
○ Faedah
○ Kepentingan
○ Faktor
○ Cara
 AYAT
1.
PENDAHULUAN
Sejajar dengan / Pada era globalisasi ini
2. Sejak negara menikmati arus kemodenan ini
3. Dalam melangkah ke era modenisasi ini
4. Dalam dunia yang dilingkari kemajuan sains dan teknologi ini
5. Kebelakangan ini
6. Muthakhir ini
7. Dewasa ini
8. Akhir-akhir ini
9. Tidak dapat dinafikan bahawa
10. Pada zaman digital ini
11. Isu mengenai [ tajuk ] sering mendapat liputan hangat media massa iaitu media cetak dan media
elektronik.
12. Isu mengenai [ tajuk ] sering mendapat bualan hangat dalam kalangan masyarakat.
 AYAT TERAKHIR
PENDAHULUAN KARANGAN

1. Persoalannya, adakah /apakah/ bagaimanakah ……….

2. Lantaran itu / namun , apakah ……..
3. Sesungguhnya ,kita hendaklah bekerjasama bagai aur dengan tebing untuk menangani gejala
sosial yang semakin berleluasa dalam kalangan remaja (langkah )
4. Tegasnya, sebagai memperkukuh penyataan tersebut, faktor faktor yang yang menunjangi
masalah ini perlu diperincikan demi kebaikan bersama. ( faktor )
5. Hakikatnya , pelbagai kesan akan dibincangkan untuk mengenalpasti cara terbaik bagi menangani
masalah ini. ( kesan )
6. Usaha pasti akan membuahkan hasil jika pelbagai langkah yang efektif dan drastik dilakukan
dengan segera. ( langkah )
7. Oleh itu , terdapat pelbagai kelebihan / keburukan terhadap ………yang boleh dihuraikan demi
kebaikan bersama . ( kebaikan & keburukan )
 CONTOH
PENDAHULUAN

Dalam melangkah ke era modenisasi ini, penggunaan telefon pintar sangat meluas
secara drastik dan global. Telefon pintar bukan lagi sebagai alat perhubungan, malah
mempunyai pelbagai fungsi yang semakin hari semakin canggih. Dengan adanya telefon
pintar , boleh dijadikan alat untuk komunikasi ,pelajaran, pengurusan diri mahupun
hiburan. Persoalannya , adakah penggunaan telefon pintar ini memberi kesan yang baik
kepada masyarakat ?
 AYAT PENDAHULUAN
Ayat topik Ayat pendahuluan + tema topik

Ayat huraian Apa / bagaimana / dimana / mengapa + siapa yang

terlibat

Ayat contoh Contoh berdasarkan tema

Ayat arahan / persoalan / kesan Ayat kesimpulan pendahuluan + tema topil

 Tajuk : Penggunaan telefon pintar dalam kalangan masyarakat semakin meluas.
Huraikan kebaikan-kebaikan penggunaan telefon pintar

Ayat topik Tidak dapat dinafikan bahawa , telefon pintar telah mempengaruhi cara masyarakat mengendalikan
urusan mereka . Dalam melangkah ke era modenisasi ini, penggunaan telefon pintar sangat meluas
secara drastik dan global. Telefon pintar merupakan alat komunikasi yang canggih dan menjadi alatan
yang wajib ada bagi setiap individu untuk terus berkomunikasi

Ayat huraian Telefon pintar bukan lagi sebagai alat perhubungan, malah mempunyai pelbagai fungsi yang semakin
hari semakin canggih. Telefon pintar kini menjadi satu trend atau gaya hidup para remaja , tidak kira
sama ada dari gologan atasan atau kelas pertengahan

Ayat contoh Dengan adanya telefon pintar , boleh dijadikan alat untuk komunikasi ,pelajaran, pengurusan diri
mahupun hiburan untuk merehatkan minda. Telefon pintar membantu kita dalam melayari internet,
mendengar muzik, mendapat pengetahuan yang baru serta merakam dan mengambil gambar .

Ayat arahan / Ayat kesimpulan pendahuluan + tema topik

persoalan /
kesan
Table of contents
02
Isi （内容）
03
Penutup （结尾）
 How do we do it?

Process

Mercury Mars
Mercury is the closest planet Despite being red, Mars is a
to the Sun cold place

Moon Jupiter Saturn Neptune

The Moon is Earth’s It’s the biggest planet in Saturn is a gas giant and It’s the farthest planet
only natural satellite the Solar System has rings from the Sun
 What do we offer?

Jupiter Venus
Jupiter is a gas giant and the Venus has a beautiful name and
biggest planet in the Solar is the second planet from the
System Sun
10,000,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
 Where are we?

Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place

Jupiter
It’s the biggest planet
in the Solar System
 Our clients

01 02 03
Mars Jupiter Saturn
Despite being red, Mars is a It’s the biggest planet in the It’s composed mostly of
cold place Solar System hydrogen and helium
 What do they say about us?

Mercury Saturn
Mercury is the closest planet It’s composed of hydrogen
to the Sun and helium

Jupiter Mars
It’s the biggest planet in the Despite being red, Mars is a
Solar System cold place
A picture is worth a
thousand words
 Case studies

Jupiter Mars Venus

Neptune is very far away Saturn is a gas giant and Jupiter is the biggest
Opportunity from the Sun has rings planet of them all

Ceres is located in the Despite being red, Mars Pluto is considered a

Proffer main asteroid belt is very cold dwarf planet

Earth is the third planet Venus is the second Mercury is the closest
Implantation from the Sun planet from the Sun planet to the Sun
Awesome words
Because key words are great for catching your audience’s attention
Our values

●You can state one of your values here

●You can state one of your values here
●You can state one of your values here
●You can state one of your values here
●You can state one of your values here
●You can state one of your values here
●You can state one of your values here
 Awards

2015 - 10 awards
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun

2019 - 4 awards
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place

2023 - 7 awards
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new Saturn is composed of
one here. For more info, click here hydrogen and helium
 Meet the team

Elena James Anna Doe

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