Kelompok 1

Wulan Dwi Cahyani

1 1903102135

2 Kafita Dhea Ariyana

1903102151

3 Puput Febriana Lestari

1903102165

Rustin Yulia Damayanti

4 1903102198
Sistem
Moneter
Internasional
 Pengertian Kurs Valuta Asing

Kurs Valuta asing merupakan harga mata uang suatu negara dalam unit
komoditas ( seperti emas dan perak) atau mata uang negara lain. Apabila
pemerintah suatu negara mengatur nilai tukar mata uangnya, maka
diklasifikasikan sebagai sistem kurs tetap. Sedangkan jika besarnya nilai tukar
diserahkan kepada mekanisme pasar tanpa campur tangan pemerintah,
diklasifikasikan sebagai sistem kurs mengambang.
 Macam-macam Alternatif Sistem
Kurs Mata UANG

1. Sistem Kurs Mengambang Bebas

Dalam sistem kurs mengambang bebas, tingkat kurs sepenuhnya ditentukan oleh
interaksi permintaan dan penawaran mata uang, tanpa adanya campur tangan pemerintah. Fluktuasi
volume permintaan dan penawaran mata uang dipengaruhi oleh perubahan pada sejumlah
parameter ekonomi, misalnya : perubahan tingkat harga, perbedaan suku bunga, tingkat
pertumbuhan ekonomi, tingkat pendapatan dan lain-lain.

2. Sistem Kurs Tetap

Dalam sistem kurs tetap, pemerintah menjaga nilai mata uang pada tingkat yang telah
ditetapkan dengan membeli atau menjual valuta asing dalam jumlah yang tidak terbatas. Apabila
nilai mata uang resmi yang telah ditetapkan tidak dapat dipertahankan lagi, maka pemerintah akan
menetapkan nilai mata uang baru dan mengumumkannya.
3. Sistem Kurs Mengambang Terkendali
Sistem kurs mengambang bebas menyebabkan ketidakpastian dan fluktuasi kurs yang
tinggi, karenanya banyak negara yang khawatir akan menyebabkan ketidakstabilan perekonomian
dalam negeri. Untuk mengurangi fluktuasi kurs dan tidak stabilnya perekonomian, banyak negara
yang menganut sistem mengambangkan intervensi melalui bank sentral untuk mengurangi
fluktuasi kurs. Sistem mengambang terkendali ini sering disebut dirty float yaitu suatu sistem
nilai valuta asing yang di mana pemerintah dan pasar sama-sama mempunyai hak untuk
menentukan nilai tukar valuta asing.

4. Pengaturan Zona Target

Banyak ahli ekonomi dan pembuat kebijakan berpendapat bahwa negara-negara
industri dapat menawarkan perubahan dan peningkatan ekonomi jika Amerika Serikat, Jerman,
dan Jepang menggabungkan mata uang mereka ke dalam sistem zona target. Negara industri
menyesuaikan kebijakan ekonomi ini untuk menentukan tingkat kurs dengan margin tertentu, di
atas atau di bawah nilai mata uang gabungan. Pengaturan zona target sering disebut joint float.
5. Sistem Kurs Tertambat
Apabila suatu negara menetapkan nilai mata uangnya berdasarkan nilai mata
uang satu atau sekelompok negara, maka negara tersebut menganut sistem kurs tertambat.
Besarnya nilai mata uang bergerak mengikuti perubahan nilai mata uang negara yang
ditambatnya.

6. Sistem Kurs Tertambat Merangkak

Dalam sistem ini, suatu negara menetapkan nilai mata uang dikaitkan dengan
nilai mata negara lain. Tetapi dalam jangka waktu tertentu, nilai mata uang negara tersebut
berubah sedikit demi sedikit, mencapai tingkat tertentu.

7. Sistem Kurs Tertambat pada Sekeranjang Mata Uang

Nilai sekeranjang mata uang lebih stabil dibandingkan nilai mata uang satu
negara. Besarnya persentase nilai mata uang yang dimasukkan dalam keranjang dihitung
dari bobot relatif peran masing-masing negara terhadap negara bersangkutan. Jadi
sekeranjang mata uang bagi suatu negara dapat terdiri dari beberapa mata uang yang
berbeda dengan bobot yang berbeda.
 Sejarah Perkembangan Sistem Moneter Internasional

1. Standar Emas, 1821-1914

Periode dari tahun 1880 sampai 1914 tercatat dalam sejarah dunia sebagai sistem standar emas klasik.
Periode ini ditandai oleh meningkatnya perdagangan bebas internasional, stabilitas kurs dan harga, perpindahan tenaga
kerja dan modal yang semakin bebas antar negara, pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi dan meningkatnya perdamaian
dunia.
2. Periode antar Perang Dunia, 1918-1940
Adanya ketidakstabilan situasi politik dan ekonomi menimbulkan perubahan yang sangat besar pada
nilai mata uang suatu negara yang terkadang tidak sesuai dengan kondisi perekonomian secara riil. Periode ini oleh
Dunn dan Ingram disebut sebagai episode kurs yang berfluktuasi.
3. Persetujuan Bretton Woods, 1945-1971
Dalam persetujuan tersebut ditetapkan Sistem Moneter Internasional, yang pada intinya merupakan
sistem yang berbasis dolar Amerika Serikat. Selain itu juga disepakati pembentukan institusi untuk membantu negara-
negara dalam hal manajemen neraca pembayaran internasional dan kebijakan penentuan nilai tukar mata uang.
4. Sistem Kurs Mengambang, 1971-sekarang
Selama berlakunya sistem kurs mengambang terjadi beberapa peristiwa penting, seperti perjanjian
Smithsonian, perjanjian Jamaika, persetujuan Plaza dan Louvre Accord.
 WHOA!
This can be the part of the presentation where you
introduce yourself, write your email…
 1
INTRODUC
TION TO
CALCULUS
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 PROBABILITY THEORY

PROBABILIT EXPERIMEN
AXIOMATIC
Y TAL Despite being red, Mars
Mercury is the closest Venus has a beautiful
is actually a cold place.
planet to the Sun and name and is the second
It’s full of iron oxide
the smallest of them all planet from the Sun
dust
RESEARCH METHODS
DESCRIPTIV CORRELATIO
E
Mars is actually a very
NAL
Neptune is very far from
cold place the Sun

EXPERIMENT
CAUSAL
Jupiter is the biggest
AL
Saturn is a gas giant and
planet of them all has rings
 COMPUTER SCIENCE

COMPUTATIO INFORMATIO
AUTOMATION
N
Mars is actually a very Neptune is very far from
N
Mercury is the smallest
cold place the Sun planet

PROGRAMMI
ALGORITHMS DATABASES
Earth is the only planet
NG
Saturn is the only planet Jupiter is the biggest
with rings with rings planet of the System
AWESO
ME
WORDS
 “This is a quote. Words full of
wisdom that someone important
said and can make the reader get
inspired.”
—SOMEONE
FAMOUS
A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS
A PICTURE ALWAYS
REINFORCES THE
Images CONCEPT
reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of a long text.
Your audience will appreciate it
4,498,300,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention
24h 37m 23s 333,000
is Jupiter's rotation period Earths is the Sun’s mass

386,000 km
is the distance between Earth and the Moon
 STATISTICAL METHODS

10% 50% 75%

MERCURY VENUS MARS

It’s the closest planet to the Venus has a beautiful name Despite being red, Mars is
Sun and the smallest in the and is the second planet actually a cold place full of
System from the Sun iron oxide
 DESKTOP
SOFTWARE
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just right-
click on it and select “Replace image”
 TABLET
APP
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click on it and select “Replace image”
 MOBILE WEB
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click on it and select “Replace image”
OUR ACTUARIAL PROFESSORS

PETER
SOFIA HILL
HARRIS
You can talk a bit about You can talk a bit about
this person here this person here
OUR EDUCATIVE CENTERS

VENUS
It has a beautiful name,
but it’s hot

MARS
Despite being red, Mars
is a cold place
 METHOD OF INVESTIGATION

01 02 03 04

VERIFICAT
PLAN DATA ANALYSIS
Venus has high Mercury is the Mars is a very cold
ION
Jupiter is the biggest
temperatures smallest planet planet planet
 RESEARCH METHODS
SUBJECTS
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun

ENROLLMENT
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
the smallest of them all

ANALYSIS
Despite being red, Mars is a very cold
planet full of iron oxide dust
 ACTUARIAL TABLE
DESCRIPTI
NUMBER NUMBER
INTERV NUMBER ON
INTERVA EXPOSED
AL TIME CENSORED INFORMAT
L TO RISK
ION
Jupiter is the
0 375 12 359
biggest planet

Mars is a very
5 362 36 344
cold planet

Venus is the
10 323 23 311
smallest planet
 BUSINESS FINANCE STATISTICS

25% 25%
Venus has high Mercury is the
temperatures smallest planet

25% 25%
Jupiter is the biggest Despite being red,
planet Mars is very cold

Venus Jupiter Mercury Mars

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 2
STATISTICS FOR
SCIENTISTS
You can enter a subtitle here if you need it
 EXAMS CALENDAR
MO
TUE
WE
THU FRI SAT SUN
VENUS
N D
Venus has high
temperatures
1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 JUPITER
Jupiter is the
14 15 16 17 18 19 20 biggest planet

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 MARS
Mars is a very cold
28 29 30 31 planet
 A GRAPH WITH DATA

MERCURY
It’s the closest planet
to the Sun

MARS
Despite being red,
Mars is very cold

Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the new one here. For more info, click here
 ORGANIZATION CHART

PROFESSOR
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun

ATTENDEE ATTENDEE
Despite being red, Saturn is a gas giant
Mars is a cold place with rings
DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the smallest one
in the Solar System—it’s only a bit larger than the Moon
COMPUTER SCIENCE I
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar System

HARDWAR
SOFTWARE
Jupiter is the biggest
E
Neptune is very far
planet from the Sun
 ABOUT MICROECONOMICS

UTILITY
Despite being red,
Mars is very cold
DEMAND
Jupiter is the biggest
planet
SUPPLY
Neptune is very far
from the Sun
 ABOUT THE MACROECONOMICS
SUPPLY-SIDE
Venus has a beautiful
name

FISCAL MONETARY
Jupiter is the biggest Despite being red, Mars
planet of them all is a cold place
THANKS
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