Section B

SPS (Science Process Skills): KPS (Kemahiran Proses Sains):
Identifying Variables Mengenalpasti Pembolehubah

What are variables?
Apakah itu pembolehubah?
In every experiment / investigation, you have to control three types of variables,namely:

Dalam setiap eksperimen,kita mesti mengawal tiga jenis pembolehubah iaitu:
~ manipulated variable( what to change )

pembolehubah dimanipulasi(perkara yang diubah-ubah)
~ responding variable ( what to observe/measure)

pembolehubah bergerakbalas(perkara yang dikaji/diukur)
~ constant variables (what to keep the same )

pembolehubah dimalarkan(perkara yang ditetapkan)
Why ?
Kenapa?
So that you get the experiment or investigation is reliable and fair.

Supaya eksperimen/penyiasatan yang dijalankan boleh dipercayai dan adil.
How to tackle the questions related to the SPS?

Cara untuk menguasai soalan berkaitan SPS?
Key Questions
Kunci Soalan
Steps
Langkah-langkah
Key-answers
Kunci-jawapan
If you want to make the test fair, what are the;

Untuk menjalankan satu penyiasatan yang adil. kamu hendaklah mengenalpasti apakah yang:
List out all variables involved Identify the variables 1. Same/similar
1.Things to keep the same: Dimalarkan -what are similar apakah yang sama (constant/fixed) (ditetapkan,dikawal) 2. Things to change: Diubah -different/not the same (manipulated) 3. Thing to measured / observed: -the results/findings (responding)
2. The differences/ not the same
3. Observed/result/ changes/find out
Sample Questions and Answers

Contoh Soalan dan Jawapan
1.
A group of pupils carries out an investigation to find out the time taken for ice cube to melt in 900 ml of water at different temperature.
Sekumpulan murid menjalankan satu penyiasatan untuk mengkaji masa yang diambil untuk ketulan ais melebur dalam 900ml air pada suhu berbeza.
Beaker X (Water 30C)

Bikar X
Beaker Y (Water 50C)

Bikar Y
Beaker Z (Water 70C)

Bikar Z
(Suhu air 30C)
(Suhu air 50C)
(Suhu air 70C)
The table below shows the result of the experiment.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.
Beaker
Bikar
X 10
Y 20
Z 30
Time taken for ice cube to melt/s

Masa untuk ketulan ais melebur/s
State the things to :

Nyatakan perkara-perkara yang:
i)
What to change(manipulated variable)

Perkara yang diubah(pembolehubah dimanipulasi)
Temperature of water
Suhu air
ii)
What to measure(responding variable)

Perkara yang dikaji(pembolehubah bergerakbalas)
Time taken for ice cube to melts

Masa untuk ketulan ais melebur
iii)
What to keep the same(constant variable)

Perkara yang ditetapkan(pembolehubah dimalarkan)
Size of ice cube/quantity of water

Saiz ketulan ais/isipadu air
Sample Questions
Contoh Soalan
1.
Figure 1 shows a fair test carried out by a Year Four pupil.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh seorang murid Tahun Empat.
At the beginning of investigation

Awal penyiasatan
After 1 week
Selepas seminggu
Figure 1
Rajah 1
State the following:

Nyatakan yang berikut:
i)

____________________________ ii) What to change(manipulated variable)

______________________________ iii) What to measure(responding variable)

Perkara yang dikaji (pembolehubah bergerakbalas)
_______________________________
The table below shows the number of new leaves produced by two types of stems. Stem Stem
Batang
One week
Minggu 1
Number of new leaves Bilangan daun Two weeks Three weeks

Minggu 2 Minggu 3
Four weeks
Minggu 4
Old stem
Batang tua
4 5
6 7
9 8
13 10
Young stem
Batang muda
Table 1
Jadual 1
Based on the table,state the following:

Berpandukan jadual,nyatakan yang berikut:
i)

____________________________ iii) What to change(manipulated variable)


____________________________
3. The table below shows the relationship between the different types of substances and the colour changes of the blue and red litmus paper.
Jadual dibawah menunjukkan hubungan antara jenis bahan yang berbeza Dengan perubahan warna kertas litmus biru dan merah.
Substances
Bahan
The colour changes of litmus paper

Perubahan warna kertas litmus
Red litmus paper

Kertas litmus merah
Blue litmus paper

Kertas litmus biru
Lime Juice
Jus limau
Still red
Kekal merah
Change to red
Bertukar ke merah
Detergent
Sabun
Change to blue
Bertukar ke biru
Still blue
Kekal biru
Vinegar
Cuka
Still red
Kekal merah
Change to red
Bertukar ke merah
Toothpaste
Ubat gigi
Change to blue
Bertukar ke biru
Still blue
Kekal biru
Based on the table,state the following:

Berpandukan jadual,nyatakan yang berikut:
i)



____________________________
4.
Table below shows the distances of planets and the time taken to complete the movement around the Sun.
Jadual berikut menunjukkan jarak planet dan masa yang diambil untuk satu pusingan lengkap mengelilingi Matahari.
Planets
Planet
Distance from the Sun (million km)

Jarak dari Matahari (juta km)
Time taken to complete the movement around the Sun

Masa yang diambil untuk satu pusingan lengkap mengelilingi Matahari
P Q R S State the following:

Nyatakan yang berikut:
58 150 1 427 4 494
88 days 365 days 30 years 165 years
i)



____________________________
5.
Number of ice cubes

Bilangan kiub ais
Volume of water
Isipadu air
1 2 3 4 Table 2
Jadual 2
180 260 340 420
Table above shows a different number of ice cubes put into different glasses, each having the same amount of water. The volume of water at the end of the activity is shown in Table 2.
Jadual di atas menunjukkan bilangan ketulan ais berbeza dimasukkan ke dalam gelas yang berlainan,setiap satunya mempunyai kuantiti air yang sama.Isipadu air di akhir aktiviti ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 2
State the followings : i. ii. iii. Constant variable

Pembolehubah dimalarkan:_______________________
Manipulated variable
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi :____________________
Responding variable
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas:___________________
INFERENCE / GIVE REASON

INFERENS / BERI SEBAB
The pupils have to give any possible reason or reasonable explanation based on the observation.
Murid mesti memberi penerangan / sebab yang munasabah tentang pemerhatian.
Key points when making inference: 1. Answer the question WHY? 2. Involve the science concept that you have learned.
Kunci semasa membuat inferens: 1. Jawab soalan MENGAPA? 2. Guna pakai konsep sains yang telah dipelajari
Sample question: State one reason (inference) based on the investigation / information
Nyatakan satu sebab (inferens) berdasarkan penyiasatan / maklumat
OBSERVATION TO CONFIRM/SUPPORT THE INFERENCE / REASON

PEMERHATIAN UNTUK MENYOKONG INFERENS / SEBAB
The pupils have to write the observation to confirm the inference / reason they gave as the answer in the question before.
Murid hendaklah menulis pemerhatian untuk menjitukan jawapan inferens yang diberi pada jawapan sebelum.
Key points when making inference: 1. The observation have to relate to the inferences/reason in the question before. 2. The observation have to further confirm the inference.
Kunci semasa membuat inferens: 1. Jawapan untuk pemerhatian mesti berkaitan dengan inferens/ sebab yang diberi dalam jawapan sebelum. 2. Pemerhatian yang dibuat mestilah dapat menjitukan inferens.
Sample question: Write one observation to support your inference in (a)

Tuliskan satu pemerhatian untuk menyokong inferens di (a)
1. A pupil released toy car X down an inclined ramp.This activity is repeated with toyr Y.
Distance traveled by both cars is recorded.
Seorang murid telah melepaskan kereta mainan X menuruni satu landasan yang condong. Aktiviti ini diulangi dengan kereta mainan Y. Jarak pergerakan kedua-dua kereta itu direkodkan.
Table 1 shows the result of the investigation.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan.
Toy car
Kereta mainan
Distance traveled (m)

Jarak pergerakan (m)
X Y Table 1
Jadua 1
1 2
(a) State two reasons that might explain why each toy car travels a different distance. S
Nyatakan dua sebab yang mungkin menerangkan kenapa jarak setiap kereta mainan berbeza.
Sample answers:
Contoh jawapan:
1. The toy car Y has less friction than toy car X.

Kereta mainan Y kurang daya geseran berbanding kereta mainan X
2. The weight of toy car Y and X is different. Berat kereta mainan Y dan X berbeza. (b) Write one observation to support yang answer in (a). Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Example 2
1. The tyre of the toy car Y has worn out/ bald

Tayar kereta mainan Y licin.
Fendi investigates the change of state of liquid X. The result of this investigation is shown in the flow chart below.
Fendi menyiasat tentang perubahan keadaan ceccair X. Keputusan penyiasatan ini ditunjukkan dalam carta alir di
bawah
Liquid X
Cecair X
Dididihkan
Dibekukan
Temperature 100 C
Suhu 100 C
Temperature 0 C
Suhu 0 C
Gas
Gas
Solid
Pepejal
(a)
Based on the result of this investigation, what can you infer about liquid X.
Berdasarkan keputusan penyiasatan, apakah inferens yang boleh kamu buat tentang cecair X
Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
Liquid X is water.
Cecair X ialah air.
(b)
State one observation to support the inference in (a).

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian untuk menyokong inferens di (a)
Sample answer: Contoh jawapan: Liquid X boiled at 100C and turn to gas, the liquid X freezed at 0C and change to solid.
Cecair X mendidih pada 100C dan bertukar menjadi gas, cecair X membeku pada 0C dan bertukar menjadi pepejal.
EXERCISE
1.
The diagram below shows two different places, P and Q, on the surface of the Earth. Rajah menunjukkan dua tempat yang berbeza, P dan Q di atas permukaan Bumi.
Bumi
Moon Bulan
(a)
At 12.44 p.m., it is darker at P than at Q. State one reason (inference) why it is darker at P than at Q.
Pada pukul 12.44pm.,didapati keadaan di P lebih gelap daripada Q. nyatakan satu sebab(inferens) mengapa keadaan di P lebih gelap daripada Q
............................................. .............................................
(b)

Table 1 shows the result of the investigation on the average weight of the fish in year 2003 and 2008 in the same river.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan maklumat yang didapati tentang satu penyiasatan yang telah dijalankan terhadap ikan dalam sebatang sungai pada 2003 dan 2008.
Year
Tahun
2003 1.0
2008 0.5
Average weight of the fish /kg

Purata berat ikan/kg
Table 1/Jadual 1 (a) Write one reason (inference) why the average weight of the fish in year 2008 is lesser.
Tulis satu sebab mengapa purat berat ikan pada tahun 2008 berkurangan. ..........................
..........................................................
(b)

10
............................................................
3.
A group of pupils used the same recipes to make dough P and Q but dough P is added with 1 teaspoon of yeast. The diagram below shows the results at the end of the investigation.
Sekumpulan murid menggunakan resepi yang sama untuk membuat doh P dan Q tetapi doh P di campur dengan 1 sudu kecil yis. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan keputusan akhir penyiasatan.
At the beginning
Pada permulaan
Dough P
Doh P
Dough Q
Doh Q
At the end
Pada akhir
Dough P
Doh P
Dough Q
Doh Q
(a)
What can you infer from the observation?

Apakah inference kamu berdasarkan pemerhatian.
(b) State one observation to support the inference in (a).

4 The diagram shows two plants in different conditions. Both plants are given enough water and sunlight. After two days it is found out that plant P has wilted but plant Q is healthy.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua anak pokok dalam keadaan yang berbeza. Kedua-dua anak pokok itu diberikan air dan cahaya matahari yang cukup. Selepas dua hari, didapati anak pokok X layu manakala anak pokok Y masih segar.
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(a)
What can you infer from the observation?

Apakah inference kamu berdasarkan pemerhatian.

5. A pupil investigates about the rate of evaporation on three blankets X, Y and Z. He dries the blankets on a clothes line in three different conditions as shown in the diagram below. After one hour he notices that blanket X is fully dried, blanket Y is still damp but blanket Z is still quite wet.
Seorang murid menyiasat tentang kadar penyejatan pada tiga helai selimut yang disidai ddengan cara yang berbeza. Selepas sejam, dia mendapati selimut X kering, tetapi selimut Y masih lembap dan selimut Z masih basah.
(a)
Write one reason (inference) from the above investigation. Tulis satu sebab daripada penyiasatan di atas.
(b)

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6.
The diagram below shows a pupil carrying out an investigation. Objects P and Q are of the same size, shipe and materials. P and Q were blown with equal strength. It was found P fell first.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu penyiasatan yang dijalankan oleh seorang murid. Objek P dan Q mempunyai saiz, bentuk dan bahan yang sama. P dan Q ditiup dengan kekuatan yang sama. P didapati tumbang dahulu.
(a)
Write one reason (inference) from the above investigation.

Tulis satu sebab daripada penyiasatan di atas.

7. The diagram shows the result of an investigation. Rajah menunjukkan keputusan satu penyiasatan.
(a)
What can you infer from your observation?

Apakah inferens kamu berdasarkan pemerhatian.

13
8.
The diagram shows an investigation carried out by a group of pupils. After 1 weeks the iron nail in beaker A becomes rusty.
Rajah menunjukkan satu penyiasatan yang dijalankan oleh sekumpulan murid. Selepas seminggu paku besi dalam bikar A berkarat. disejukkan
Water
Air
Oil
minyak
iron nail
paku besi
boiled water
air didih yang telah disejukkan
Beaker A
Bikar A
Beaker B
Bikar B
(a)
What can you infer from the information given?

Apakah inference kamu berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi?

9. Diagram below shows the result of an investigation on the heating of 500 ml of water.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan suatu penyiasatan tentang pemanasan 500 ml air.
Time / minute
Masa / minit
0 20
2 40
4 60
6 80
8 100
10 100
12 100
Water temperature
Suhu air
(a)
State one inference about the condition of water after 8 minutes.

Nyatakan satu inferens tentang keadaan air selepat minit ke 8.

14
10
A group of student gathered information about the extinction of animal.

Sekumpulan murid mendapat maklumat tentang kepupusan haiwan.
50 40 Number of extinct 30 animal 20 species 10 0 1800 1850 1900 Year 1950 2000
(a)
Write one reason about the number of extinct animal species in year 2000
Tulis satu sebab berkenaan bilangan haiwan yang pupus pada tahun 2000.

15
RELATIONSHIP/HYPOTHESIS
HUBUNGAN/HIPOTESIS
Identify what are the things that are changed (manipulated variables) and observed (respondingvariables) in the investigation.
Kenal pasti apakah yang diubah (pemboleh ubah manipulasi) dan apa yang diperhati (pemboleh ubah bergerak balas)
Construct the sentences to relate what are the things that are changed (manipulated variables) and observed (respondingvariables) in the investigation.
Bina ayat yang menghubungkan apa yang diubah(pemboleh ubah manipulasi) perhatikan (pemboleh ubah bergerak balas) dan apa yang
Examples
Contoh:
The more / less (based on the trend what is changed) [what is changed ], the more / less (based on the trend on what is observed) [what is observed].
Semakin bertambah / berkurang (berdasarkan corak pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan) [pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan],semakin bertambah / berkurang (berdasarkan corak pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas) [pemboleh ubah yang bergerak balas]
If, when, as also can be used.

Jika, bila, apabila juga boleh digunakan.
EXCERSICE 1. Table below shows the distances of planets and the time taken to complete the movement around the Sun.
Jadual berikut menunjukkan jarak planet dan masa yang diambil untuk satu pusingan lengkap mengelilingi Matahari.
Planets
Planet
Distance from the Sun (million km)

Jarak dari Matahari (juta km)
Time taken to complete the movement around the Sun

Masa yang diambil untuk satu pusingan lengkap mengelilingi Matahari
P Q R S
58 150 1 427 4 494
88 days 365 days 30 years 165 years
Write one hypothesis based on the above statement.

Tuliskan satu hipotesis berdasarkan pernyataan di atas.
________________________________________________________________
16
2.
A pupil investigates about the rate of evaporation on three blankets X, Y and Z. He dries the blankets on a clothes line in three different conditions as shown in the diagram below. After one hour he notices that blanket X is fully dried, blanket Y is still damp but blanket Z is still quite wet.
Seorang murid menyiasat tentang kadar penyejatan pada tiga helai selimut yang disidai dengan cara yang berbeza. Selepas sejam, dia mendapati selimut X kering, tetapi selimut Y masih lembap dan selimut Z masih basah.

________________________________________________________________
3. Diagram shows the result of an investigation carried out by Ali on object X and Y
when placed in the salt solution.
Rajah menunjukkan keputusan dari satu eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh Ali terhadap objek X dan Y apabila dimasukkan ke dalam larutan garam.
Object Y Object X 800 ml Salt solution

________________________________________________________________
17
4. Diagram 3 shows planets in the Solar System.

Rajah menunjukkan planet dalam Sistem Suria.
Diagram 3 Write one hypothesis based on the above statement.

________________________________________________________________
5.
Figure 1 A group of students prepared three pots, P, Q and R, as shown in Figure 1. All three pots were given the same treatment and care. Table 1 shows the results that were obtained after two weeks.
Sekumpulan pelajar menyediakan 3 pasu P , Q dan R seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 1. Ketiga-tiga pasu diberekan rawatan dan jagaan yang sama. Jadual 1 menunjukkan diperolehi selepas dua minggu.
Pot
Pasu
Average height of seedling (cm)

Purata tinggi anak pokok (cm)
P Q R Table 1 Write one hypothesis based on the above statement.

5 3 2
________________________________________________________________
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6.
Glass cover
Glass Container
Rat
W
Figure 2
Figure 2 shows the apparatus used in a study. In container W is one rat, in container X are two rats and in container Y are three rats. It was found that the rats in container Y died the fastest while the rat in container W was the last to die. Write one hypothesis based on the above statement. Tuliskan satu hipotesis berdasarkan pernyataan di atas. ________________________________________________________________
7.
Bread P
Bread Q
Bread P
Bread Q
Third day
Fifth day
Figure 2 A group of students labelled two equally fresh pieces of bread as bread P and bread Q. Bread P was not sprinkled with water while bread Q was sprinkled with a few drops of water. Both were placed on the table behind the lab. After three days, it was found that fungi have grown on bread Q but not on bread P. After five days, they observed that fungi started to grow on bread P while bread Q was full of fungi. Write one hypothesis based on the above statement.
________________________________________________________________
19
Hypothesis from the given statement / information Hipothesis dari pernyataan / maklumat The time taken for the water to boil depends on the volume of water.
Masa yang diambil untuk air mendidih bergantung kepada isipadu air.

Sample answer:
Contoh jawapan:
The more the volume of water. (what is changed), the more the time taken for the water to boil.( what is observed).
EXCERSICE 1. The food needed by an animal per day is affected by its activity level.
Makanan yang diperlukan oleh seekor haiwan setiap hari dipengaruhi tahap keaktifan.

________________________________________________________________
2. The land size affects the ploughing time.

Saiz tanah mempengaruhi masa pembajakan.

________________________________________________________________ 3. The size of the shadow depends on the distance between the object and the screen.
Saiz bayang-bayang bergantung pada jarak antara objek dan skrin.

________________________________________________________________
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4.
An ice cube takes about 5 minutes to melt in water with a temperature of 30 C. An ice cube takes about 3 minutes to melt in water with a temperature of 50 C.
Satu ketulan ais mengambil masa 5 minit untuk mencair dalam suhu air 30 C. Satu ketulan ais mengambil masa 3 minit untuk mencair dalam suhu air 50 C.

________________________________________________________________
5.
The braking distance needed by a driver to stop his car traveling at the speed of 80km/h is 40 meter. The braking distance needed by a driver to stop his car traveling at the speed of 50km/h is 15 meter.
Sebuah kereta yang dipandu dengan kelajuan 80 km/j memerlukan jarak membrek 40 meter untuk memberhentikan keretanya. Sebuah kereta yang dipandu dengan kelajuan 50 km/j memerlukan jarak membrek 15 meter untuk memberhentikan keretanya.
Based on the above information, state one hypothesis.

Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, nyatakan satu hipotesis.
________________________________________________________________
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TREND / PATTERN
POLA / CORAK
Observe the trend of the data or information given and then state the pattern by using these words : Increase, decrease or not change.
Memerhati corak pertambahan atau pengurangan bacaan pada data dan memberi penerangan tentang corak tersebut samada ianya: Menaik, Menurun dan Mendatar.
EXAMPLE:
CONTOH:
Time Masa 05.00 am 10.00 am 03.00 pm 08.00 am
Sunday Ahad 152 cm 154cm 156 cm 158 cm
Monday Isnin 170 cm 172 cm 173 cm 175 cm
Tuesday Selasa 175cm 176 cm 175 cm 174 cm
Wednesday Rabu 174 cm 172 cm 170 cm 168 cm
Thursday Khamis 160 cm 159 cm 153 cm 150 cm
Friday Jumaat 150 cm 150 cm 150 cm 150 cm
1. a)Table above shows the result of water level

Jadual di atas menunjukkan keputusan paras air
Day
Hari
Trend/ Pattern
Pola / Corak
Sunday
Ahad
Increase
Menaik
Monday
Isnin
Increase
Menaik
Tuesday
Selasa
Increase and decrease

Menaik dan menurun
Wednesday
Rabu
Decrease
Menurun
Thursday
Khamis
Increase and decrease

Menaik dan menurun
22
2. Weight of ice/g
Berat ais/g
3.5
4.5
5.5
6.5
7.5
Time of melting/minute
Masa melebur/minit
10
14
18
Diagram shows time taken for ice to melt.

Jadual menunjukkan masa yang diambil untuk ais melebur.
a) What is the trend of change of the time the ice melts? Answer : Increasing
Jawapan : Menaik
Year 1985 1990 1995 2000
Number of turtles 40 34 28 22
3. Table above shows an investigation on the number of turtles found in a beach from 1985 to 2000.
Jadual di atas menunjukkan penyiasatan mengenai bilangan penyu yang didapati di sebuah pantai dari tahun 1985 hingga 2000
a) State the pattern of change in the number of turtles found based on the information above.
Nyatakan corak perubahan bilangan penyu yang didapati berdasarkan maklumat di atas
Answer : Decreasing
Jawapan: Menurun
4. Diagram shows the result of an investigation on the heating of 500 ml of water.

Jadual menunjukkan keputusan suatu penyiasatan tentang pemanasan 500 ml air.
Time / minute
10
12
23
Masa / minit
Water temperature
Suhu air
20
40
60
80
100
100
100
a) State the pattern of water temperature after 8 minute.

Namakan pola / corak suhu air selepas 8 minit.
Answer : not change

Jawapan: Tidak berubah
EXERCISE:
LATIHAN
1. The table below shows the observations by a pupil about the shadow of an object.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pemerhatian seorang murid mengenai bayang bayang satu objek.
Time
Masa
7.00 a.m. 160
10.00 a.m. 80
12.00 noon 0
3.00 p.m. 80
7.00 p.m. 160
The length of the shadow (cm)

Panjang bayang-bayang (cm)
(a) State the trend of change in the length of the shadow from morning to evening.
Nyatakan pola perubahan bayang-bayang dari pagi hingga ke petang
_________________________________________________________________ 2. Table shows the result in an investigation

Jadual menunjukkan keputusan dalam satu penyiasatan
Temperature
Suhu
20C 10
25C 20
30C 35C 40 70
40C 70
45C 10
50C 0
Amount of seeds Germinate

Bil.biji benih yang bercambah
a) State the pattern of amount of seeds germinate if temperature is more than 35C.
Nyatakan corak jumlah biji benih yang bercambah jika suhu lebih daripada 35C.
___________________________________________________________________
24
3. A group of pupils carried out an investigation to show the different stages of the moon .The result are recorded as the diagram below..
Sekumpulan murid telah menjalankan satu penyiasatan untuk menunjukkan peringkat fasa bulan. Keputusan dicatatkan seperti jadual dibawah
Tarikh mengikut Takwim Qamari 5 Haribulan 10 Haribulan
Phase of Moon Bentuk Fasa Bulan
15 Haribulan
20 Haribulan
25 Haribulan
a) State the pattern of phase of the Moon from 15 th to 25th.

Nyatakan corak fasa bulan dari 15 haribulan hingga 25 haribulan
_____________________________________________________ 4. Sekumpulan murid menjalankan penyiasatan mengenai gerhana matahari.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan waktu bagi peringkat peringkat yang berlainan tentang gerhana itu
a) State the trend in the change of brightness of the sun in the evening
Nyatakan corak perubahan kecerahan Matahari pada waktu petang
____________________________________________________________
25
5.
Diagram below shows three electric circuits R, S and T. The brightness of the bulbs recorded.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan tiga litar elektrik R,S dan T. Kecerahan mentolmentol itu direkodkan.
What is the trend of changes in the brightness of the bulbs in circuits R,S and T?
Apakah corak perubahan kecerahan mentol-mentol dalam litar R,S dan T?
________________________________________________________________
6. Diagram shows an investigation carried out a particular place in Penang.

Rajah menunjukkan suatu penyiasatan yang di jalankan di suatu tempat di Pulau Pinang
26
a)
What is the trend of change in the shadow length from morning till afternoon?
Apakah corak perubahan panjang bayang-bayang dari pagi hingga ke tengahari?
______________________________________________________________
QUESTION AND ANSWERING TECHNIQUE FOR SCIENCE

SOALAN DAN TEKNIK JAWAPAN DALAM SAINS
27
PURPOSE / AIM
TUJUAN/
A-key To find out the.. To investigate the.. To study the..
relationship between(wtc) and / with(wto) importance ofto . the basic needs of
EXAMPLE Torch light
X Image imej
Y Screen skrin
Opaque object
Object legap
1 a)
A fair test is carried out by a group of pupils.

Satu penyiasatan dijalankan oeh satu kumpulan murid.
What is the aim of the fair test?

Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini
To study the relatioship between the distance of objects from screen and the size of shadow formed
Untuk mengkaji hubungan diantara jarak objek dari skrin dengan saiz bayang-bayang yang terbentuk.
2.
40 ml of boiling water is poured into a beaker containing 80ml of cold water. The temperature of water in the beaker is recorded for 10 minutes. The result is as show in the table.
40 ml air mendidih dituangkan ke dalam sebuah bikar yang mengandungi 80ml air sejuk. Suhu air dalam bikar direkodkan selama 10 minit. Keputusan seperti yang ditunjukkan dibawah
Time (min)
Masa(min )
0 70
2 60
4 50
6 40
8 35
10 35
Temperature ( 0C )
Suhu ( 0C )
28
a)
What is the purpose of this experiment ?

Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?
To study the reationship between the time of cooling and the temperature of water
Untuk mengkaji hubungan diantara masa penyejukan dan suhu air
EXERCISE 1. A group of pupils carry out an activity. Two rats are kept separately in two containers as shown in Diagram 1. Both containers are left for four days.
Sekumpuan murid menjalankan satu aktiviti. Dua ekor tikus diletakkan berasingan dalam dua bekas seperti yang dalam gambarajah. Kedua-dua bekas ditinggalkan selama empat hari
Diagram 1 (a) What do they want to find out?

Apakah tujuan penyiasatan mereka?
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ 2.A student measures the masses of a ceramic glass and a plastic glass using an
electronic balance as shown in Diagram 1.
Seorang murid teah mengukur berat gelas seramik dan gelas pastik menggunakan penimbang elektronik seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam gambarajah 1
29
Diagram 1 (a) What is the aim from the above investigation?

Apakah tujuan penyiasatan diatas?
___________________________________________________________
3 The diagram below shows an investigation. The formation of shadows at different times of the day is studied.
Gambarajah dibawah menunjukkan keputusan satu penyiasatan.Pembentukan bayang bayang pada waktu yang berlainan dalam satu hari dicatatkan.
West
Barat
East
Timur
2.00 p.m/ petang.
4.00 p.m./petang
6.00 p.m./ petang
(a) Write the aim for this investigation.

Tulis satu tujuan untuk penyiasatan ini.
________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________ 4.
The pictures show three containers P, Q and R of the same size. Each contains 100 ml of fresh milk. They were kept in three different places for two days.
Gambar menunjukkan tiga bekas P, Q dan R yang sama saiz. Setiap bekas mengandungi 100m susu segar. Bekas-bekas tersebut diletakkan pada tempat yang berainan selama dua hari,
100 ml susu dibiarkan
100 ml susu disimpan
100 ml susu diletakkan
30
terdedah kepada udara
dalam almari
dalam petisejuk
Container
Bekas
Condition of the milk

Keadaan susu
P Q R
Smell sour
Berbau masam
Smell sour
Berbau masam
No changes
Tiada perubahan
a) What is the aim of the experiment?

Apakah tujuan eksperimen ini?
_____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
5. A group of pupils carried out an investigation. They tested different substances by using wet litmus paper. The table below shows the results of the investigation.
Satu kumpulan murid telah menjalankan satu penyiasatan. Mereka menguji bahan yang berlainan menggunakan kertas litmus lembap.Jadual dibawah menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan tersebut
Substance
Bahan
Effect on blue litmus paper

Kesan ke ates kertas limus biru
Effect on red litmus paper

Kesan ke ates kertas limus merah
No change P Q R S T U
Tidak berubah
Turns blue
Bertukar biru
Turns red
Bertukar merah
No change
Tidak berubah
No change
Tidak berubah
No change
Tidak berubah
Turns red
Bertukar merah
No change
Tidak berubah
No change Tidak berubah No change

Tidak berubah
No change
Tidak berubah
Turns blue
Bertukar biru
31
(a) What is the aim of the investigation?

_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
6. A group of pupils carried out an investigation. to study the relationship between the of the shadow and the distance between the object and the light source.
Sekumpulan murid menjalankan penyiasatan untuk mengkaji hubungan diantara saiz bayang-bayang dengan jarak diantara objek dengan sumber cahaya.
size
0bject screen distance A light source distance B
The table below shows the results of the investigation.

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan tersebut.
Distance A (cm)
Jarak A (cm)
Distance B (cm)
Jarak B (cm)
The height of the shadow (cm)

Ketinggian bayang-bayang
40 30 20
15 15 15
20 30 40
(a) What is the purpose of this investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini. __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________
32
7.
A group of pupils carried out an investigation . The bar chart ishows the result of the investigation.
Sekumpulan murid telah menjalankan satu penyiasatan. Carta bar dibawah menunjukkan keputusan penyiasatan tersebut.
Time the food can be kept / hours
36 30 24 18 12 6 0
10
(a)
15
20
25
30 Temperature / oC
Based on the bar chart shown above, state the purpose of this investigation.
Berdasarkan carta bar diatas, nyatakan tujuan penyiasatan ini.
________________________________________________
8.
Diagram shows an investigation carried out by a group of pupils.

Rajah dibawah menunjukkan satu penyiasatan yang di jalankan oleh sekumpulan murid.
shadow torch globe table tennis ball
(a)
What is the aim of the investigation?

Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini
______________________________________________________________
33
_ PREDICTIONS
Membuat jangkaan mengenai apa yang akan berlaku pada masa hadapan merujuk kepada data yang sedia ada.
WHAT IS PREDICTIONS? Predicting (to Predict)~ making a forecast about what will happen in the future on prior knowledge gained through experience or collected data.
The criterias are : To state what will happen by using previous data or information.
Untuk menyatakan apa yang akan berlaku dengan menggunakan data atau maklumat.
To state what will happen by extrapolating the data. When answering a question about predicting, we must apply the data given after recording the result of a fair test. Or you can apply that from your knowledge of topics learnt in year 4,5 and 6.
Untuk menyatakan apa yang akan berlaku melalui anggaran data. Apabila menjawab soalan mengenai meramal, kita mestilah menggunakan data yang diberi selepas merekod keputusan kajian. Atau anda bolehlah menggunakan pengetahuan daripada topik daripada tahun 4,5 dan 6.
HOW TO TACKLE :
BAGAIMANA UNTUK MENGUASAI:
1. Predict .......................
Ramalkan
2. What will happen......

Apakah yang akan berlaku/ terjadi ......
HOW TO ANSWER:
1. Count or calculate if there is any number given.

Kira jika ada nombor diberi Dalam bentuk ayat /penerangan (jadi, jawapan mestilah berupa nombor
2. Give in a sentence / information

Dalam bentuk ayat /penerangan
SAMPLE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
34
The table below shows an observation that had been done by a doctor about increasing number of patients that came to the clinic complaining of influenza from 9 am to 3 pm.
Jadual di bawah menunjukkan satu pemerhatian yang telah dibuat oleh seorang doktor mengenai pertambahan bilangan pesakit yang datang ke klinik berkaitan sakit selsema dari jam 9 pagi hingga 3 petang.
Time
Masa
9am 4
10am 8
11am 12
12pm 16
1pm 20
2pm 24
3pm 28
Number of patients having influenza

Bilangan pesakit yang menghidap selsema
a.
Predict the number of patients having influenza at 5pm.

Ramalkan bilangan pesakit selsema pada pukul 5petang.
Answer : 36 patients
Time
Masa
9am 4
10am 8
11am 12
12pm 16
1pm 20
2pm 24
3pm 28
Number of patients having influenza

Bilangan pesakit yang menghidap selsema
b. Predict the number of patients having influenza at 10.30 am.

Ramalkan bilangan pesakit selsema pada pukul 10.30pagi.
Answer : 10 patients (These answer for predicting can be applied by using Maths technique)
Jawapan untuk meramal ini boleh diperolehi dengan menggunakan teknik Matematik.
35
2.
Diagram 2 A balloon which has been blown is kept outside on a hot bright day as shown in Diagram 2 for sometime.
Sebiji belon yang sudah ditiup telah diletakkan diluar pada keadaan cuaca yang panas seperti Gambarajah 2 selama beberapa ketika.
a. Predict what will happen after a while.

Ramal apakah yang berlaku selepas beberapa ketika.
Answer :The balloon will break .

Belon akan pecah
2.
Water Air iron nail paku besi
Oil minyak boiled water air didih yang telah disejukkan
Beaker A
Bikar A
Beaker B
Bikar B
Figure 2 Rajah 2 Study the set-up in Figure 2 carefully.

Kaji Rajah 2 dengan teliti. a.
Predict what will happen to the nail in each beaker after one week.
Ramal apa yang terjadi kepada paku di dalam setiap bikar selepas 1 minggu.
Answer : Nail in beaker A rust./ Paku dalam bikar A berkarat

Nail in beaker B not rust./ Paku dalam bikar B tidak berkarat.
36
QUESTIONS : 1. seal ditutup rapat wet cotton kapas lembap kapas kering dry cotton wet cotton kapas lembap
A Wet cotton kapas lembap
B black board kotak hitam
a. Predict the condition of the seeds in every container after one week.
Ramal keadaan biji benih di dalam setiap bekas selepas 1 minggu.
(i) Container A : __________________________________________

Bekas A :
(ii) Container B : __________________________________________

Bekas B
(iii)Container C : __________________________________________
Bekas C (iv) Container D : __________________________________________ Bekas D
2.
Number of sponge Bilangan span 1 2 3
Volume of water absorbed (ml) Isipadu air yang diserap (ml) 30 63 87
Table 2 An activity was done to study the relationship between the number of sponges used and the amount of water absorbed. Table 2 above shows the results obtained.
37
Satu aktiviti telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji hubungan diantara bilangan span yang digunakan dan isipadu air yang diserap. Jadual 2 di atas menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi. a. Predict the number of sponges used if the amount of water absorbed is 145 ml.
Ramalkan bilangan span yang digunakan jika isipadu air yang diserap adalah 145 ml.
________________________________________________
3.
Figure 1 Number of ice Cubes Bilangan kiub ais 1 2 3 4 Table 3 Figure 1 shows a different number of ice cubes put into different glasses, each having the same amount of water. The volume of water at the end of the activity is shown in Table 3
Rajah 1 menunjukkan bilangan ais kiub yang berlainan telah dimasukkan ke dalam gelas yang berlainan yang mempunyai isipadu awal air yang sama. Isipadu akhir air selepas aktiviti dijalankan adalah seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 3.
Volume of water (ml) Isipadu air (ml) 180 260 340 420
a. Predict the volume of water if :

Ramal isipadu akhir air jika :
i.
the number of ice cubes used is 6 :..................

bilangan ais kiub yang digunakan ialah 6 ketul.
ii.
the number of ice cubes used is 8 :..................

bilangan ais kiub yang digunakan ialah 8 ketul
38
4. Tabe shows the distance of Mercury, Mars, Saturn and Neptune from the Sun.
Jadual 1 menunjukkkan jarak Utarid. Marikh , Zuhal dan Neptun daripada Matahari.
Planet Mercury
Utarid
Distance from the Sun 58 000 000 228 000 000 1 435 000 000 4 500 000 000
Mars
Marikh
Saturn
Zuhal
Neptune
Neptun
a) Predict and arrange the planets from the coldest to the hottest
Ramal dan susun planet-planet daripada yang paing sejuk kepada paling panas.
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Table below shows the observation that was recorded in an investigation

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan pemerhatian yang direkodkan daam satu penyiasatan.
Position of the object

Kedudukan objek
v 3
w 3.5
x 4
y 4.5
z 5
Height of shadow
Tinggi bayang-bayang
a) Predict the height of shadow if this object is placed between V and W.

Ramalkan ketinggian bayang-bayang objek yang terletak diantara V dan W.
____________________________________________________________________
39
6. The following information is related to the rotation of the Earth.

Maklumat berikut berkaitan dengan peredaran Bumi.
The Earth completes one rotation every 24 hours. The Earth rotates on its axis from west to east.
Bumi melengkapkan satu putaran setiap 24 jam
Bumi berputar diatas paksinya dari Barat ke Timur
a) Predict 3 effects due to the movement of the Earth.

Ramalkan 3 kesan akibat dari pergerakan Bumi tersebut
_________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Answer: i. Day and night The length of the shadow of an object changes The position of the shadow of an object changes
ii.
iii. 7
A group of pupils built three models as shown in the diagram below.

Satu kumpuan murid membina tiga model seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam gambarajah di bawah.
Model
Model
The number of books that can be supported

Bilangan buku yang dapat ditampung
J K L
3 9 6
40
a) Predict the number of book that can be supported if the height of model used is between
model J and L
Ramalkan bilangan buku yang dapat ditampung jika ketinggian model yang digunakan diantara mode J dan L
________________________________________________________________________
8. Diagram shows the positions of three planets from the Sun. Gambarajah menunjukkan kedudukan tiga planet daripada Matahari
Table 1 shows the period for one complete movement of the planets around the Sun. Jadual menunjukkan tempoh untuk satu pusingan lengkap planet-planet mengelilingi matahari Planet Planet X Y Z position of planet S. _________________________________________________________________ Period for one complete movement (years) Tempoh untuk satu pusingan lengkap (tahun) 2 12 84
(a) Planet S takes 76 years to make one complete round the Sun. Predict the
41
SAMPLE QUESTIONS SECTION B

BAHAGIAN B
THEME A: INVESTIGATING LIVING THINGS 1. Diagram 2 shows the condition of two lumps of dough after one hour.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan keadaan dua kepalan doh selepas satu jam.
After one hour

Selepas satu jam
N Diagram 1
Rajah 1
a) State one reason (inference) about the difference in the condition of dough M and N.
Nyatakan satu inferens tentang perbezaan antara keadaan doh M dan N.
_______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah) b) Write one observation on the condition of dough M to support the answer in 1(a).
Tulis satu pemerhatian tentang keadaan doh M untuk menyokong jawapan di 1(a). _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah) c) State Nyatakan i. what is change (manipulated variable),

pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan,
________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah) ii. what is observed (responding variable) pemoleh ubah bergerak balas. ________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah)
2. An investigation of three different animals is conducted by a pupil. Table 2shows the
42
observation of the pupil.

Seorang murid menjalankan penyiasatan ke atas tiga ekor haiwan yang berbeza. Jadual 2 menunjukkan pemerhatian murid itu.
Animal Haiwan Snail

Siput babi
Presence of energy Kehadiran musuh Yes

Ya
Reaction Reaksi Retracts into its shell

Sembunyi di adalm cangkerangnya
Bee
Lebah
Yes
Ya
Stings the enemy

Menyengat musuhnya
Cat
Kucing
None
Tiada
None
Tiada
Table 2 Jadual 2 a) What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini? _____________________________________________________________. ________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah) b) State two pieces of information gathered in this investigation.
Nyatakan dua maklumat yang dikumpul dalam penyiasatan.
1.________________________________________________________________ 2. _______________________________________________________________ (2 mark / 2 markah) c) Predict what will happen when a cat is threatened by its enemy.
Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku apabila kucing diancam musuhnya.
___________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah) d) What can you conclude from this investigation?
Apakah kesimpulan yang dapat kamu buat berdasarkan penyiasatan ini?
________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
43
3.Diagram shows 3 glasses of the same size containing 100 ml of fresh milk P, Q, R kept in
3 different conditions overnight.
Rajah menunjukkan 3 biji gelas yang sama saiz diisi 100 ml Susu segar P, Q, R diletakkan dalam tiga keadaan semalaman
OBSERVATION: R is still fresh but Q and P is turn bad

PEMERHATIAN : R kekal segar tetapi Q dan P telah rosak
(a) What is your inference based on the observation above?

Apakah inferens berdasarkan pemerhatian di atas ?
_________________________________________________ (1 mark ) (b) In this experiment, state the thing that is

Berdasarkan eksperimen ini,nyatakan tentang
(i)changed ( manipulated variable):

Diubah ( pembolehubah manipulasi):_____________________
(ii) observed (responding variable):

Diperhati (pembolehubah bergerakbalas):___________________ ( 2 marks)
(d) What can you conclude from the experiment?

Apakah kesimpulan kamu daripada eksperimen ?
_________________________________________________ (1 mark)
44
THEME B :INVESTIGATING FORCE AND ENERGY 1. Table 3 showa the result of an investigation when a screen is pulled away from an object that casts a shadow on it. Rajah 3 menunjukkan keputusan satu penyiasatan apabila skrin ditarik menjauhi suatu objek yang menghasilkan bayang-bayang ke atasnya. Distance between screen and object (cm)
Jarak antara skrin dan objek (cm)
Length of the shadow (cm

Panjang bayang-bayang (cm)
5 10 15 20 Table 3 / Jadual 3 a) What is the purpose (aim) ofthis investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?
8 12 16 20
_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah) b) State one variable that is kept the same (constant)?
Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan?
_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah) c) The length of shadow produced is 14 cm. Based on table 3, predict the distance between the screen and the object.
Panjang bayang-bayang yang dihasilkan ialah 14 cm. Berdasarkan jadual 3, ramalkan jarak antara skrin dan objek itu.
_________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
d) The size of a shadow is related to the distance of the light source from the object.
Based on the statement above, state one relationship (hypothesis) between the variable that is changed (manipulated) and the variable that is observed (responding).
Saiz bayang-bayang adalah berkait dengan jarak sumber cahaya dari objek. Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, nyatakan satu hubungan (hipotesis) antara pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
45
2. Table 4 show the brightness of a bicycle lamp when three pupils ride the same bicycle one by one. The bicycle lamp is attached to a dynamo. Jadual 4 menunjukkan kecerahan lampu basikal apabila tiga orang murid menunggang basikal yang sama seorang demi seorang. Lampu basikal itu dipasang pada dynamo. Pupil
Murid
Speed of cycling
Laju tunggangan
Brightness of the lamp

Kecerahan lampu
Slow Ah Chong Ali Mutu

Lambat
Dim
Malap
Moderate
Sederhana
Bright
Cerah
Fast
Cepat
Brightness
Paling cerah
Table 4 Jadual 4 a) What is the trend of change in the brightness of the lamp from Ah Chong to Mutu?
Apakah corak perubahan kecerahan lampu basikal dari Ah Chong ke Mutu?
__________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah) b) State the relationship (hypotesis) between the variable that is changed (manipulated) and the variable that is observed (responding).
Nyatakan hubungan (hypotesis) antara pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah) c) State one variable that was kept same (constant) in this investigation.
Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan dalam penyiasatan ini.
_________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
d) Predict what will happen if the bicycle lamp and dynamo are replaced with a lamp that uses batteries.
Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku jika lampu basikal dan dinamo diganti dengan lampu yang menggunakan bateri.
__________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah)
46
8.00 am
6.00 pm 1.00 pm
3. Diagram above shows the shadows of a vertical pole in the middle of a field from 8.00am to 6.00pm.
Rajah di atas menunjukkan bayang-bayang objek yang dicucuk tegak di tengah padang daripada pukul 8.00am hingga 6.00pm
(a) State the trend in the changes of the shadows from morning till afternoon.
Nyatakan corak perubahan bayang-bayang dari pagi hingga tengah hari
______________________________________________________
(1 mark)
(b) What is the purpose of this investigation ?

Apakah tujuan experimen dijalankan ?
______________________________________________________ (1 marks) (c) State the relationship between to change and to Measure from morning until afternoon.
Nyatakan hubungan diantara pembolehubah manipulasi dengan pembolehubah bergerak bala dari pagi hingga tengah hari.
__________________________________________________________ (1 mark) (d) State the things :Nyatakan tentang :-
i.to change( manipulated variable)

Ditukar ( pembolehubah dimanipulasi) :___________________
ii.to kept same ( constant variable)

Ditetapkan (pembolehubah malar):______________________ (2 marks)
47
THEME C : INVESTIGATING MATERIALS 1. Four similar pieces of wet cloth, W, X, Y and Z , are placed on a table to dry. Each cloth has a mass of 120 g. After one hour, the mass of each cloth is recorded as shown in Table 5.
Empat helai kain basah yang serupa, W, X, Y dan Z, dibiarkan di atas meja supaya menjadi kering. Jisim setiap kain ialah 120 g. Selepas satu jam, jisim setiap kain itu direkodkan seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam jadual 5.
Cloth
Kain
How many times it is folded

Berapa kali ia dilipat
Mass after 1 hour / g

Jisim selepas 1 jam / g
W X Y Z
4 3 2 1 Table 5 / Jadual 5
115 110 105 100
a) What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation?

_________________________________________________________________________ _ __________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah) b) State one piece of information gathered in this investigation.
Nyatakan satu maklumat yang dikumpul dalam penyiasatan in.
_________________________________________________________________________ _ _________________________________________________________________________ _ (1 mark / 1 markah)
b) State one relationship (hypothesis) between the variable that is changed (manipulated) and
the variable that is observed (responding).
Nyatakan satu hubungan (hipotesis) antara pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
__________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ____ (1 mark / 1 markah) c) Predict the mass of another similar cloth after one hour it is left on the table if it is not folded.
Ramalkan jisim kain lain yang serupa selepas satu jam dibiarkan di atas meja jika ia tidak dilipat.
_________________________________________________________________________ _
48
_________________________________________________________________________ _ (1 mark / 1 markah)
2. Diagram 6 is a bar chart which shows the number of days preserved mangoes can last according to the amount of sugar that is put into 200 ml of water. The sugar solution is used to preserve the mangoes.
Rajah 6 ialah carta palang yang menunjukkan bilangan hari mangga yang diawet dapat bertahan berdasarkan jumlah gula yang diletakkan ke dalam 200 ml air. Larutan gula itu digunakan untuk mengawet mangga.
Number of day mangoes last

Bilangan hari mangga dapat bertahan
25 20 15 10 5 0
12
16
20
Amount of sugar spoon Diagram 6

Rajah 6 Jumlah gula (sudu)
a) State
Nyatakan
i. what is changed (manipulated variable),

pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan, _____________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah) ii. what is observed (responding variable).

pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
_____________________________________________________________________ _ (1 mark / 1 markah) b) State two other variables that are kept the same (constant).
Nyatakan dua pemboleh ubah lain yang dimalarkan.
1.______________________________________________________________________ _
49
2.______________________________________________________________________ _ (1 mark / 1 markah)
3.
. Diagram above shows two pupils, P and Q who are watching the lighted bulbs through two rubber pipes. .Rajah di atas menunjukkan dua murid P dan Q yang melihat lampu yang menyala menggunakan dua
getah paip.
(a) Which of the pupils cannot see the lighted bulb?

Murid yang manakah tidak dapat melihat lampu menyala?
__________________________________________________ (1 mark) (b) State 2 inferences for your answer in question 1(a).
Nyatakan 2 inferens berdasarkan jawapan kamu di 1 (a)
i._________________________________________________ ii._________________________________________________ (2 marks) (c) What is your conclusion from this activity?
Berikan satu kesimpulan berdasarkan aktiviti ini?
_________________________________________________ (1 mark) (d) What is other principle of light other than the above observation
Apakah sifat lain bagi cahaya berdasarkan pemerhatian di atas
_________________________________________________ (1 mark)
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THEME D : INVESTIGATING THE EARTH AND THE UNIVERSE
1. Table 7 shows the time taken by four planets to orbit the Sun.
Jadual 7 menunjukkan masa yang diambil empat buah planet untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari.
Planet
Planet
Time taken by planet to orbit the Sun / year

Masa yang diambil planet untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari / tahun
Jupiter
Musytari
11.9 1.9 0.6 0.2 Table 7 / Jadual 7
Mars
Marikh
Venus
Zuhrah
Mercury
Utarid
a)
State one reason (inference) about the difference in the time taken by planets Jupiter And Mercury.
Nyatakan satu inferens tentang perbezaan antara masa yang diambil planet Musytari dan Utarid.
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1markah) b) What is the trend of change in the time taken by the planets to orbit the Sun from Jupiter to Mercury?
Apakah corak perubahan bagi masa yang diambil planet untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari dari Musytarike Utarid?
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah) c) Planet A takes 1 year to orbit the Sun. Based on Table 7, predict the location of planet A.
Planet A mengambil masa 1 tahun untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari. Berdasarkan Jadual 7, ramalkan kedudukan bagi planet A.
_______________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah)
d)
The time taken by a planet to orbit the Sun is related to the distance of the planet from the Sun. Based on the statement above, state one relationship (hypotesis) between the variable that is changed (manipulated) and the variable that is observed (responding). Masa yang diambil planet untuk membuat satu peredaran lengkap mengelilingi Matahari adalah berkait rapat dengan jarak planet itu dari Matahari. Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, nyatakan satu hubungan (hipotesis) antara pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
_________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah)
2. Diagram 8 is a bar chart which shows the size of the Moon that can be seen from Earth on different nights.
Rajah 8 ialah carta palang yang menunjukkan saiz Bulan yang dapat dilihat dari Bumi pada malammalam yang berlainan.
Size of the Moon

Saiz Bulan
Time / night 1st Pertama 8th Ke-8 15th Ke-15 22nd Ke-22 29th Ke-29
Masa / malam
Diagram 8 / Rajah 8
a) What is the purpose (aim) of this investigation? Apakah tujuan penyiasatan ini?
__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1markah)
b) State Nyatakan i. what changed (manipulated variable), pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan, _____________________________________________________________________
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(1 mark / 1 markah)
ii. what is observed (responding variable) pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.

____________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah)
c) State one variable that is that is kept the same (constant) Nyatakan satu pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan. __________________________________________________________________________
(1 mark / 1 markah)
THEME E : INVESTIGATING TECHNOLOGY
1. Diagram 9 is a bar chat which shows the distance people age 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70
can walk before they get tired.
Rajah 9 ialah carta palang yang menunjukkan jarak orang berumur 30, 40, 50, 60 dan 70 dapat berjalan sebelum menjadi letih.
Distance a persons can walk (km)

Jarak seseorang dapat berjalan (km)
4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 30 40 50 60 70
Age / year Diagram 9 Rajah 9

Umur / tahun
a)
i)
State Nyatakan what changed (manipulated variable), pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan, __________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah) ii) what is observed (responding variable)
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pemboleh ubah bergerak balas. __________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah)
b) State two variable that is that is kept the same (constant)

Nyatakan dua pemboleh ubah yang dimalarkan. 1.________________________________________________________________________ 2.________________________________________________________________________ (1 mark / 1 markah)
2. Four planks of different lengths, M, N, O and P, are used to make a lever system. A
dictionary is used as a load while a bottle is used as the fulcrum. The distance between the load and fulcrum is kept the same all times. The number of bricks needed to lift the dictionary is recorded in Table 10.
Empat keeping papan dengan panjang yang berlainan, M, N, O dan P, dugunakan untuk membuat satu sistem tuas. Sebuah kamus dijadikan beban manakala sebiji botol dijadikan fulkrum. Jarak antara beban dan fulkrum dimalarkan sepanjang penyiasatan. Bilangan bata yang diperlukan untuk mengangkat kamus itu direkodkan dalam Jadual 10.
Plank Papan M N O P
Length of plank (m) Panjang papan (m) 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Number of bricks needed to lift the dictionary

Bilangan bata yang diperlukan untuk mengangkat kamus
8 6 4 2 Table 10 / Jadual 10
a) What is the trend of change in the effort for planks M, N, O and P?

Apakah corak perubahan daya bagi papan-papan M, N, O and P?
__________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _ (1 mark / 1 markah) b) State one piece of information gathered in this investigation.
Nyatakan satu maklumat yang dikumpulkan dalam penyiasatan ini.
__________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _ (1 mark / 1 markah)
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b) The effect needed to lift a load is related to the distance between the fulcrum and the
effort. Based on the statement above , state one relationship (hypotesis) between the variable thatn is changed (manipulated) and the variable that is observed (responding).
Daya yang diperlukan untuk mengangkat beban adalah berkitan dengan jarak fulkrum dan daya. Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, nyatakan satu hubungan (hipotesis) antara pemboleh ubah yang dimanipulasikan dengan pemboleh ubah bergerak balas.
__________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _ (1 mark / 1 markah) c) A plank of 2.25 m is used to make the lever system. Predict the number of bricks that are needed to lift the dictionary.
Sekeping papan dengan panjang 2.25.m digunakan untuk membuat sistem tuas itu. Ramalkan bilangan bata yang diperlukan untuk mengangkat kamus itu.
__________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ _ (1 mark / 1 markah)
3.
Ploughing techniques Teknik membajak Animal Haiwan Ploughing machine Jentera membajak Time taken masa 2 weeks 2 minggu 2 days 2 hari
The information in Table above shows the ploughing time taken by a farmer to plough a plot of land using two different techniques.
Pernyataan dalam jadual yang ditunjukkan di atas mengenai masa petani membajak sawah menggunakan dua teknik yang berbeza.
(a)
What is the purpose of the activity?

Apakah tujuan tentang aktiviti ?
__________________________________________________ (1 mark) (b) State one thing that should be kept the same.
Nyatakan satu pembolehubah yang dimalarkan.
______________________________________________________ (1 mark) (c) State the thing that is

Nyatakan:-
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(i) changed: ___________________________________

Pembolehubah manipulasi
(ii) measured: __________________________________

Pembolehubah bergerak balas
(2 marks) (d) What can you conclude from above experiment?

Apakah kesimpulan berdasarkan eksperimen di atas?
__________________________________________________. (1 mark)
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Section B

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Section B

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

SPS (Science Process Skills): KPS (Kemahiran Proses Sains):

Identifying Variables Mengenalpasti Pembolehubah

In every experiment / investigation, you have to control three types of variables,namely:

~ manipulated variable( what to change )

~ responding variable ( what to observe/measure)

~ constant variables (what to keep the same )

So that you get the experiment or investigation is reliable and fair.

How to tackle the questions related to the SPS?

If you want to make the test fair, what are the;

List out all variables involved Identify the variables 1. Same/similar

2. The differences/ not the same

3. Observed/result/ changes/find out

Sample Questions and Answers

Beaker X (Water 30C)

Beaker Y (Water 50C)

Beaker Z (Water 70C)

(Suhu air 30C)

(Suhu air 50C)

(Suhu air 70C)

The table below shows the result of the experiment.

Time taken for ice cube to melt/s

State the things to :

What to change(manipulated variable)

What to measure(responding variable)

Time taken for ice cube to melts

What to keep the same(constant variable)

Size of ice cube/quantity of water

Figure 1 shows a fair test carried out by a Year Four pupil.

At the beginning of investigation

State the following:

What to keep the same(constant variable)

____________________________ ii) What to change(manipulated variable)

______________________________ iii) What to measure(responding variable)

Number of new leaves Bilangan daun Two weeks Three weeks

Based on the table,state the following:

What to keep the same(constant variable)

____________________________ iii) What to change(manipulated variable)

______________________________ iii) What to measure(responding variable)

The colour changes of litmus paper

Red litmus paper

Blue litmus paper

Based on the table,state the following:

What to keep the same(constant variable)

____________________________ ii) What to change(manipulated variable)

______________________________ iii) What to measure(responding variable)

Distance from the Sun (million km)

Time taken to complete the movement around the Sun

P Q R S State the following:

58 150 1 427 4 494

88 days 365 days 30 years 165 years

What to keep the same(constant variable)

____________________________ ii) What to change(manipulated variable)

______________________________ iii) What to measure(responding variable)

Number of ice cubes

180 260 340 420

State the followings : i. ii. iii. Constant variable

INFERENCE / GIVE REASON

OBSERVATION TO CONFIRM/SUPPORT THE INFERENCE / REASON

Sample question: Write one observation to support your inference in (a)

Table 1 shows the result of the investigation.

Distance traveled (m)

1. The toy car Y has less friction than toy car X.

1. The tyre of the toy car Y has worn out/ bald