DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI .............. i

DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................................. iii
DAFTAR TABEL ....................................................................................................................... iii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .......................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang ............................ 1
1.2. Permasalahan ...................................................................................................................... 6
1.2.1 Bagaimana hubungan toksisitas logam berat dengan proses terjadinya
Autis .............................................................................................................................. 6
1.2.2 Apakah terapi khelasi menggunakan deferoxamine dapat mengobati
Penderita autis.............................................................................................................. 6
1.2.3 Bagaimana penggunaan deferoxamine sebagai terapi khelasi untuk penderita
autis ditinjau dari agama Islam .................................................................................. 6
1.3 Tujuan
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum ............................................................................................................ 6
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .......................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Manfaat ................................................................................................................................. 7
1.4.1 Bagi Penulis ................................................................................................................ 7
1.4.2 Bagi Masyarakat ........................................................................................................ 7
1.4.3 Bagi Program Kesehatan .......................................................................................... 7
1.4.4 Bagi Universitas YARSI ........................................................................................... 7
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. 8
2.1 Toksisitas Logam Berat Pada Pasien Autis ........................................................... 8
2.2 Metabolisme Toksikan............................................................................................................ 12
2.2.1 Absorpsi ..................................................................................................................... 13
2.2.2 Distribusi .................................................................................................................... 14
2.2.3 Metabolisme ............................................................................................................... 16
2.2.4 Ekskresi ...................................................................................................................... 17
2.3 Sitotoksisitas ....................................................................................................................... 19
2.3.1 Genotoksisitas ............................................................................................................. 19
2.3.2 Hepatotoksisitas ........................................................................................................ 20
2.3.3 Nephrotoksisitas ....................................................................................................... 22
2.3.4 Neurotoksisitas ......................................................................................................... 23
2.3.5 Teratogenesis ............................................................................................................ 24
2.4 Hubungan Toksisitas Logam dengan Gen ..................................................................... 24
2.5 Terapi Khelasi ................................................................................................................... 26
2.5.1. Definisi....................................................................................................................... 26
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2.5.2. Jenis Kelator.............................................................................................................. 27

2.5.3. Mekanisme Terapi Khelasi....................................................................................... 38
2.6 Deferoxamin Sebagai Agen Khelasi Pada Autis............................................................... 39
2.7 Analisa Ekspresi Gen Melalui Induksi Deferoxamin Pada Penderita Autis.................. 41
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BAB III TINJAUAN DEFEROKSAMIN SEBAGAI TERAPI KHELASI PADA AUTIS
DITINJAU DARI AGAMA ISLAM.................................. 41
3.1 Deferoksamin Sebagai Terapi Khelasi Ditinjau dari Agama Islam ............................... 41
3.2 Autis Ditinjau dari Agama Islam ...................................................................................... 44
3.3 Pandangan Islam Tentang Deferoxamin sebagai Terapi Khelasi Pada Penderita
Autis .................................................................................................................................................
.... 48
BAB IV KAITAN PANDANGAN ILMU KEDOKTERAN DAN ISLAM TERHADAP
PENGGUNAAN DEFEROXAMIN SEBAGAI TERAPI KHELASI PADA PENDERITA
AUTIS ....................................................................................................................................... 56
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ................................................................................. 58
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........... 59

DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Mekanisme stres oksidatif pada autisme............................................................. 10
Gambar 2.2 Kimia reaksi lewisite dengan British Anti Lewisite (BAL) untuk memberikan
kompleks 5 anggota cincin yang stabil .................................................................................... 32
Gambar 2.3 Meso-2,3-Dimercaptosuccinic Acid....................................................................... 35
Gambar 2.4 Pembentukan kompleks ligan logam dengan menggunakan ligan mono, bi dan
polidentat .................................................................................................................................. 39
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Peran toksikologi ..................................................................................................... 9
Tabel 2.2 Aliran darah ke kompartemen tubuh .................................................................. 15
Tabel 2.3 Transpor proten yang digunakan pada ekskresi ................................................ 18