TOEFL PREP

PREPARATION FOR PAPER BASED TOEFL - STUDY BOOK
INTRODUCTION
Paper Based TOEFL terdiri atas beberapa bagian sebagai berikut :
Listening:
Untuk menguji kemampuan memahami tuturan bahasa Inggris lisan. Uji listening menuntut
peserta untuk mendengarkan pasasi atau dialog melalui headphone/pengeras suara sembari
menyimak sejumlah pilihan jawaban dan memberikan jawaban benar sesuai yang diminta
oleh narrator melalui media listening.
Structure:
Untuk menguji kemampuan mengenali tatabahasa Inggris dengan benar. Uji ini menuntut
peserta untuk secara benar menggunakan tatabahasa bahasa Inggris dan pilihan-pilihan
kosakata.
Reading:
Untuk menguji kemampuan memahami Bahasa Inggris tertulis melalui sejumlah pasasi di
lembar soal dan menjawab berbagai macam pertanyaan mengenai gagasan utama,
hubungan antarinformasi atau arti kata yang dalam pasasi-pasasi tersebut.
Writing:
Untuk menguji kemampuan menulis yang baik, benar dan terorganisir dalam bahasa Inggris
melalui esai atas topik yang diajukan.
BAGIAN WRITING TIDAK DIBAHAS PADA PAKET BUKU INI
Alokasi bagian tes, jumlah soal dan waktu :
Tes
Listening
Structure
Reading
TOTAL
Jumlah soal
50
40
50
140
Waktu
35 menit
25 menit
55 menit
115 menit
Hasil score PAPER BASED TOEFL berkisar antara 217 sampai dengan 667.
A. Listening
A.1. Short Dialogues
Listening Comprehension pada Paper TOEFL terdiri atas :
1.
Short Dialogues (Part A) : yang merupakan dialog dua baris antara dua orang
pembicara dan masing-masing diikuti oleh sebuah pertanyaan Multiple Choice.
Anda akan mendengarkan masing-masing dialog melalui alat pemutar kaset/CD
dan anda harus memilih jawaban paling benar dari empat jawaban yang tersedia
pada buku tes Anda. Jumlah soal : 30.
2.
Long Conversations (Part B): adalah percakapan panjang dengan topik

kehidupan sosial non-formal sepanjang masing-masing antara 60 90 detik.
Masing-masing percakapan diikuti beberapa pertanyaan multiple choice. Anda
akan mendengarkan percakapan tersebut dan mendengarkan pertanyaan yang
narator mengikutinya dan Anda harus menetapkan jawaban paling benar. Jumlah
soal : 7 9 soal terdiri atas dua percakapan.
3.
Long Talks (Part C) : merupakan kuliah yang masing-masing panjangnya 60 - 90

detik mengenai kehidupan sekolah dan topik akademis, yang masing-masing diikuti
oleh sejumlah pertanyaan multiple-choice. Anda akan mengdengarkan masingmasing kuliah tersebut dan menjawab pertanyaan dari empat pilihan yang ada
pada buku tes anda. Jumlah soal 11 13 soal terdiri dari tiga talks.
A.1.1 Menyiasati Listening Comprehension

1.
Kenalilah perintah dengan baik. Perintah dalam tes TOEFL tidak pernah berubah.
Jadi, kalau sudah mengenali perintah, Anda tak perlu buang-buang waktu
membaca perintah karena waktu yang disediakan adalah termasuk juga waktu
yang anda pergunakan untuk membaca perintah.
2.
Dengar baik-baik dialog atau pasasinya. Konsentrasilah pada apa yang diucapkan
pembicara karena Anda hanya boleh mendengar satu kali saja.
3.
Fahami yang mana pertanyaan gampang dan pertanyaan sulit. Pertanyaan

biasanya mengalir dari yang gampang ke sulit.
4.
Fahami temponya tes. Anda punya waktu 12 detik di antara masing-masing

pertanyaan, dan waktu ini digunakan juga untuk menjawab pertanyaan.
5.
Jangan pernah mengosongkan jawaban. Jadi, meski anda ragu-ragu, taruh saja
jawaban yang menurut anda paling benar. Tak ada penalty untuk jawaban salah.
6.
Gunakan waktu yang tersisa untuk menyimak pilihan jawaban berikutnya. Dengan
demikian Anda punya banyak waktu untuk membaca pilihan jawaban.
A.1.2. Kiat-Kiat Short Dialogues

1
Manakala anda mendengar masing-masing dialog pendek, fokuslah pada baris kedua
percakapan itu karena biasanya jawaban ada pada baris kedua percakapan.
Ingatlah bahwa jawaban yang benar mungkin merupakan pengucapan ulang atau satu
kata kunci yang ada pada bagian akhir dari dialog.
Ingatlah bahwa struktur atau bentuk-bentuk kalimat tertentu sering muncul dalam
dialog. Dengarkan struktur dan bentuk-bentuk ini dengan baik :
*
*
*
Struktur (pasif, negatif, wishes, conditions)

Functional Expressions (agreement, uncertainty, suggestion, surprise)
Idiomatic Expressions (two-part verbs, three-part verbs, idioms)
Kalaupun Anda tidak memahami dialog sepenuhnya, Anda masih bisa menemukan
jawaban yang benar.
*
Kalau Anda cuma mengerti satu dua kata pada bagian akhri dialog, pilihlah
jawaban yang berisi perulangan kata.
Kalau Anda sama sekali tidak mengerti kata-kata pada bagian akhir dialog, pilihlah
jawaban yang paling berbeda dari yang Anda dengar.
Jangan pernah memilih jawaban hanya karena jawaban itu terdengar sama
dengan yang Anda dengan dalam dialog.
Bersiaplah untuk pertanyaan berikutnya. Anda punya 12 detik di antara dua

pertanyaan..
A.1.3 Strategi Short Dialogues

SKILL 1 : FOKUS PADA BAGIAN AKHIR
Jawaban jenis pertanyaan seperti ini seringkali (tapi tidak selalu) ditemukan pada bagian
akhir dari dialog.
Contoh :
Dalam rekaman Anda dengar :
(man)
(woman)
(narrator)
Billy really made a big mistake this time

Yes, he forgot to turn in his research paper
What does the woman say about Billy?
Pada buku tes Anda baca :

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
It was the first time he made a mistake

He forgot to write his paper
He turned in the paper in the wrong place
He didnt remember to submit the assignment
SKILL 2: PILIH JAWABAN YANG BER-SINONIM

Seringkali jawaban yang benar dalam short dialogue merupakan jawaban yang mengandung
sinonim (kata sama arti). Temukan kata kunci yang bersinonim.
Contoh :
(man)
(woman)
(narrator)
Why is Jenny feeling so happy?

She just started working in a real estate agency
What does the man say about Jenny?

(A) She always liked her work in real estate
(B) She began a new job
(C) She just bought some real estate
(D) She bought a real estate agency
SKILL 3 : HINDARI BUNYI YANG MIRIP

Seringkali jawaban yang salah dalam short dialog adalah jawaban yang berisi kata-kata yang
berbunyi mirip tapi beda arti dari yang Anda dengar dalam rekaman. Pastikan Anda tidak
pilih jawaban seperti ini.
Contoh :
(man)
(woman)
(narrator)
Why couldnt Mark come with us?

He was searching for a new apartment
What does the woman say about Mark?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He was in the department office

He was looking for a place to live
He was working on his research project
He had an appointment at church
Yang digarisbawahi jangan dipilih.
SKILL 4: TARIK KESIMPULAN TENTANG WHO, WHAT, WHERE

Dalam short dialogue, seringkali Anda diminta untuk menarik kesimpulan atas isi dialog.
Dalam pertanyaan jenis ini, jawabannya tidak jelas-jelas dinyatakan. Jadi Anda harus
menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan petunjuk yang ada dalam dialog. Salah satunya adalah,
Anda diminta menentukan SIAPA pembicara berdasarkan petunjuk dalam dialog.
Contoh A:
(man)
(woman)
(narrator)
Can you tell me what assignments I missed when I was absent for your class?
You missed one homework assignment and a quiz.
Who is the woman?
Di lembar soal Anda lihat :

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A newspaper editor
A police officer
A teacher
A student
Contoh B:
(woman)
(man)
(narrator)
Are you going into the water, or are you just going to lie there on the sand?
I think I need to put on some suntan lotion
Where does this conversation probably take place?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A beauty salon
A the beach
In a sandbox
At an outdoor restaurant
SKILL 5 : DENGARKAN WHO DAN WHAT DALAM BENTUK PASIF

Kadang-kadang sulit memahami siapa dan apa yang sedang melakukan sesuatu dalam
kalimat pasif. Yang seperti ini sering dijumpai dalam TOEFL.
Contoh :
(man)
(woman)
(narrator)
Did Diana go to the bank this morning?

Yes, she did. She got a new checking account.
What does the woman imply?
Pada buku tes tertulis:

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Diana wrote several checks

Diana wanted to check up on the bank
A new checking account was opened
Diana checked on the balance in her account
SKILL 6 : DENGARKAN WHO DAN WHAT DENGAN KATA BENDA GANDA

Kalau ada lebih dari satu kata benda dalam satu kalimat pada short dialogue, biasanya
jawaban jadi terbingungkan antara kata benda yang mana melakukan apa.
Contoh :
(woman)
(man)
(narrator)
Do you know who is in the band now?

I heard that Mara replaced Robert in the band
What does the woman say about the band?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Robert became a new member of the band

Robert took Maras place in the band
Mara didnt have a place in the band
Mara took Roberts place in the band
SKILL 7 : DENGARKAN PERNYATAAN NEGATIF

Pernyataan negatif sering dijumpai dalam short dialogue dan kebanyakan jawaban yang
benar atas pernyataan negatif justru adalah jawaban positif atau jawaban yang punya arti
kebalikan dari yang diucapkan pembicara.
Contoh :
(man)
(woman)
(narrator)
How did they get to their grandmothers house in Maine in only five hours?
They didnt drive slowly on the trip to Maine
What does the woman say about the trip?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
They drove rather quickly

They couldnt have driven more slowly
They wanted to travel slowly to Maine
They didnt drive to Maine
SKILL 8 : DENGARKAN PERNYATAAN NEGATIF GANDA

Sangat mungkin pernyataan negatif ganda muncul dalam short dialogue, dan ini bisa
membingungkan.
Contoh:
(man)
(woman)
I cant believe the news that I heard about the concert

Well, it isnt impossible for the concert to take place.

(narrator)
What does the woman say about the concert?
Pada buku tes tertulis:

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Theres no possibility that the concert will take place

The concert will definitely not take place
The concert might take place
The concert cant take place
SKILL 9 : DENGARKAN PERNYATAAN YANG NYARIS NEGATIF

Pernyataan-pernyataan tertentu dalam Bahasa Inggris memiliki arti yang nyaris negatif,
misalnya barely, hardly ever. Pernyataan seperti ini sering muncul dalam short dialogue.
Contoh:
(woman)
(man)
(narrator)
Were you able to pay the electric bill?

I had barely enough money
What does the man imply?
Pada buku tes Anda lihat :

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He had plenty of money for the bill

He did not have enough money for the bill
He paid the bill but has no money left
We was unable to pay the bill
SKILL 10 : DENGARKAN NEGATIF DENGAN KOMPARATIF

Negatif bisa digunakan dengan komparatif dalam short dialogue. Suatu kalimat dengan
negatif dan komparatif memiliki arti superlatif atau arti yang tegas.
Contoh
(woman)
(man)
(narrator)
What do you think of the new student in math class?

No one is more intelligent than she is
What does the man say about the student?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
She is not very smart

He is smarter than she is
Other students are smarter than she is
She is the smartest student in the class
SKILL 11 : DENGARKAN PERNYATAAN TENTANG SEPENDAPAT

Pernyataan sependapat sering dijumpai dalam short dialog, jadi Anda harus terbiasa. Berikut
ini adalah contoh yang menunjukkan sependapat dengan pernyataan positif.
Contoh:
(woman)
(man)
(narrator)
I think that the hypothesis is indefensible

So do I
What does the man mean?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He is unsure about the hypothesis

The hippopotamus is behind the fence
He thinks that the hypothesis can be defended
He agrees with the woman
SKILL 12 : DENGARKAN PERNYATAAN KETIDAKYAKINAN DAN PENDAPAT

Pernyataan ketidakyakinan dan pendapat biasa dijumpai dalam short dialogue.
Contoh :
(man)
(woman)
(narrator)
Do you know anything about the final exam in physics?

Its going to be rather difficult, isnt it?
What does the woman mean?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The exam is not going to be to difficult

Shes positive that its going to be hard.
She thinks that it might be hard
She has no idea about the exam
SKILL 13 : DENGARKAN PERNYATAAN EMPATIK ATAU SURPRISE

Pernyataan empatik atau keterkejutan sering muncul dalam short dialogue, jadi Anda harus
terbiasa dengan ini. Pada saat pembicara terkejut mendengarkan sesuatu, itu artinya ia tidak
mengira akan mendengar itu.
Contoh :
(man)
(woman)
(narrator)
Did you see Paul driving around in his Mustang?

Then he DID get a new car.
What had the woman thought?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Paul would definitely get a Mustang

Paul did not know how to drive
Paul did not like Mustangs
Paul would not get a new car.
SKILL 14: DENGARKAN ADANYA WISHES (KALAU SAJA)

Percakapan dengan wishes sering muncul dalam short dialogue. Perhatikan bahwa kalimat
dengan wishes memiliki arti yang berlawanan dengan sebenarnya.
Contoh :
(woman)
(man)
(narrator)
Its too bad that you have to stay here and work during the school break.
I really I wish I could go with you to Palm Springs
What does the man mean?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
May be he will go with her on the trip

He is unable to go on the trip
Hes happy to be going on the trip
Hes going on the trip with her.
SKILL 15 : DENGARKAN ADANYA KONDISI YANG TIDAK SEBENARNYA

Percakapan yang berisi kondisional sering muncul dalam short dialogue. Perhatikan bahwa
kalimat kondisional adalah kebalikan dari faktanya.
Contoh :
(man)
(woman)
(narrator)
Do you think youll be able to go to the party?

If I had time, I would go.
What does the woman say about the party?
Pada buku tes And abaca :

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Maybe shell go
She has time, so shell go
She is going even if she doesnt have time
Its impossible to go
SKILL 16 : DENGARKAN ADANYA KATA KERJA BER-FRASA (PHRASAL

VERBS)
Contoh :
(man)
(woman)
(narrator)
What time does the meeting start?

Didnt you hear that it was called off by the director?
What does the woman say about the meeting?

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The director called a meeting

The director phoned her about the meeting
The director called the meeting to order
The director cancelled the meeting
SKILL 17 : DENGARKAN ADANYA IDIOM

Idiom juga sering muncul dalam short dialogue. Idiom adalah pernyataan khusus yang
dikenal oleh pembicara. Idiom biasanya sulit karena kelihatannya menjelaskan sesuatu,
tetapi sebenarnya artinya lain.
Contoh : Dalam rekaman Anda dengar :
(man)
(woman)
(narrator)
Tom is a full-time student and is holding down a full-time job.

Hes really burning the candle at both ends
What does the woman say about Tom?
Di lembar soal atau pada buku tes Anda lihat :

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Hes lighting a candle

Hes holding the candle at the top and at the bottom
Hes doing too much
Hes working as a firefighter
10
11
A.2 : Long Conversations

Long conversation (percakapan panjang) adalah bagian kedua dalam seksi Listening. Anda
mendengarkan percakapan sepanjang antara 5 sampai 7 baris di antara dua pembicara.
Anda juga akan melihat rangkaian dua atau tiga pertanyaan berganda dan empat pilihan
jawaban untuk masing-masing pertanyaan pada lembar soal. Anda harus pilih jawaban
terbaik.
A.2.1. Kiat-kiat Menyiasati Long Conversations

1
Jika ada waktu, lihat sekilas jawaban atas soal-soal yang ada. Lakukan hal-hal
berikut ini :
- Antisipasilah topiknya
- Antisipasilah pertanyaan yang bakal Anda dengar.
Dengarkan baris pertama percakapannya. Baris pertama pada percakapan biasanya

berisi gagasan utama, subjek, atau topik percakapan, dan inilah yang biasanya
ditanyakan.
Sembari mendengarkan, tarik kesimpulan mengenai situasi percakapan : siapa

yang bicara, dimana dan kapan percakapan itu berlangsung. Pertanyaannya bisa
saja seperti itu.
Sembari mendengarkan, ikuti pertanyaan di dalam buku tes anda dan coba
tentukan jawaban yang benar. Pertanyaan detail biasanya terjawab berdasarkan
urutannya dalam percakapan dan biasanya sama dengan apa yang diucapkan dalam
rekaman.
Kalau tidak tahu juga, tebak. Jangan biarkan jawaban kosong
Gunakan sisa waktu untuk melihat pertanyaan berikutnya
A.2.2. Strategi Long Conversations

SKILL 18 : ANTISIPASI TOPIK
Akan lebih mudah bila anda bisa mengantisipasi topik pembicaraan dalam percakapan
panjang. Topik itu bisa berupa aspek-aspek kehidupan sekolah atau masalah-masalah sosial
atau bahkan rencana bepergian seseorang. Strateginya, dengan singkat cari jawaban dalam
buku test anda sebelum anda mendengar rekaman dan coba tetapkan topik percakapan
yang anda akan dengar.
Lihat contoh berikut :
1 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Find work on campus

Work in the employment office
Help students find jobs
Ask the woman questions
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
In the library
In the classroom
In a campus office
In an apartment

3 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
No more than ten

At least twenty
Not more than tweny
Up to ten
4 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
In the library
In a classroom
In a campus office
In an apartment
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
12
Fill out a form

Giver her some additional information
Tell her some news
Phone her
Apa topik percakapan untuk pertanyaan nomor 1 sampai 5 di atas?

Jawab : looking for a job on campus. Itu bisa terlihat dari petunjuk-petunjuk kata-kata yang
bergaris miring di atas
SKILL 19 : ANTISIPASI PERTANYAAN

Kemampuan anda untuk menjawab pertanyaan individual dalam percakapan panjang akan
semakin baik bila anda bisa mengantisipasi pertanyaan yang bakal muncul.
Contoh, dalam buku test anda membaca :
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
In the airport
In the library
In the dormitory
In the travel agents office
Mungkin seperti pertanyaannya : Where does the conversation probably take place?
LATIHAN:
Sekarang, cobalah antisipasi pertanyaan apa yang muncul untuk jawaban berikut berikut :
1 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Find work on campus

Help students find jobs
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Pertanyaan :
2 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Pertanyaan :
In the library
In a classroom
In a campus office
In an apartment
Pertanyaan :
3 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Every morning
Afternoons and weekends
When hes in class
Weekdays
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Fill out a form

Give her some additional information
Tell her some news
Phone her
Pertanyaan :
No more than ten

At least twenty
Not more than twenty
Up to ten
Pertanyaan :
:
13
SKILL 20 : TENTUKAN TOPIK

Selagi mendengarkan percakapan, pikirkan topik, subjek, pokok bahasan, untuk masingmasing percakapan. Karena dari satu atau dua kalimat pertama kita sudah bisa tebak, maka
anda sudah bisa menentukan apa topiknya.
Dalam rekaman anda mendengar :
(man)
(woman)
(man)
You cant believe what I have just got?

I bet you got that new car youve always wanted.
Now, how in the world did you figure that out!
Anda berpikir : Topik percakapan in adalah mobil yang baru saja orang itu dapatkan.
SKILL 21: TARIK KESIMPULAN TENTANG : WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE
Selagi mendengarkan, and harus mencoba memahami beberapa hal ini :
- Siapa yang sedang bicara?
- Dimana kemungkinan berlangsungnya percakapan itu?.
- Kapan kemungkinan terjadinay percakapan itu?
- Apa sumber informasi percakapan itu?
Contoh : Dalam rekaman anda mendengar :
(man)
(woman)
(man)
Why do you have so many books?

I need them for my paper on George Washington. Do you know how I can
check them out.
Yes, you should go downstairs to the circulation desk and fill out a card for
each book.
Anda berpikir :
- Siapa yang bicara?
- Di mana mereka?
- Apa yang mereka bincangkan?
(dua siswa)
(di perpustakaan)
(Sejarah Amerika)
SKILL 22: DENGARKAN JAWABAN SESUAI URUTAN

Ada dua cara yang bisa digunakan sementara Anda mendengarkan percakapan panjang.
- Dengarkan saja dan abaikan jawabannya.
- Anda bisa ikuti jawabannya sembari mendengarkan.
Ada siswa yang suka mendengarkan percakapan semata dan ada juga yang sibuk membaca
jawaban sembari mendengarkan. Nah, lantaran pertanyaan detailnya terjawab sesuai
urutan, maka ada baiknya anda sembari juga membaca jawaban dalam buku tes Anda.
Contoh :
(man)
(woman)
(man)
(woman)
(man)
(woman)
Can I help you?

Im interested in opening an account.
Well, we have several different types of accounts: checking accounts,
saving accounts, money market accounts, and time deposit accounts.
Its a checking account that I am interested in.
I can help you with that. First, you have to fill out a form, and then I need to
see some identification. Thats about all there is to it.
That sound easy enough. Thanks for your help.
14
Di dalam rekaman anda juga mendengarkan :

(narrator) :
1.
2.
What type of accounts does the woman want?

What does the man need for her to show him?
Dalam buku tes terbaca :

1.
(A) Checking accounts

(B) A savings account
(C) A money market account
(D) A time deposit account
2.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A form
An account
A piece of identification
A check
Jika dari awal anda sudah bisa mengantisipasi dengan pertannyaan What type of account?
maka anda bisa menjawab pertanyaan dengan benar. Dan anda juga bisa mengantisipasi
pertanyaan kedua What thing.?
15
A.3 Long Talks

Long Talk adalah bagian ke-tiga dari Listening. Bagian ini berisi pidato panjang tentang suatu
topik akademis tertentu. Pidato tersebut kemudian akan diikuti beberapa pertanyaan dan
pilihan jawaban. Anda harus memilih salah satu jawaban terbaik.
A.3.1. Menyiasati Long Talks

1
Jika ada waktu, lihat sekilas jawaban atas soal-soal yang ada. Lakukan hal-hal
berikut ini :
- Antisipasilah topiknya
- Antisipasilah pertanyaan yang bakal Anda dengar
Dengarkan baris pertama talk-nya. Baris pertama talk (pidato) biasanya berisi
gagasan utama, subjek, atau topik percakapan, dan inilah yang biasanya ditanyakan.
Sembari mendengarkan, tarik kesimpulan mengenai situasi talk itu : siapa yang
bicara, dimana dan kapan percakapan itu berlangsung, pidato tentang apakah itu.
Pertanyaannya bisa saja seperti itu.
Sembari mendengarkan, ikuti pertanyaan di dalam buku tes anda dan coba
tentukan jawaban yang benar. Pertanyaan detail biasanya terjawab berdasarkan
urutannya dalam percakapan dan biasanya sama dengan apa yang diucapkan dalam
rekaman.
Kalau tidak tahu juga, tebak. Jangan biarkan jawaban kosong
Gunakan sisa waktu untuk melihat pertanyaan berikutnya
A.3.2. Strategi Long Talks

SKILL 23 : ANTISIPASI TOPIK
Akan lebih mudah bila anda bisa mengantisipasi topik pidato. Topik itu bisa berupa kuliah
tentang sejarah atau sastra Amerika, aspek-aspek kehidupan sekolah. Strateginya, dengan
singkat cari jawaban dalam buku test anda sebelum anda mendengar rekaman dan coba
tetapkan topik percakapan yang anda akan dengar.
Lihat contoh berikut ke lima soal ini sekaligus:
1 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
2 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
During a biology laboratory

session
In a biology study group
On the first day of class
Just before the final exam
Once a week
Two times a week
Three times a week
For fifteen hours
(A)
To do the first laboratory assignment
(B)
(C)
(D)
To take the first exam

To study the laboratory manual
To read of chapter of the text
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Room assignments
Exam topics
Reading assignments
The frist lecture
5 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
16
Exams and lab work

Reading and writing assignments
Class participation and grades on
examinations
Lecture and laboratory attendance
Apa topik percakapan untuk pertanyaan nomor 1 sampai 5 di atas?

Jawaban : The requirements of a biology class yang bisa dilihat dari petunjuk-petunjuk dan
kata-kata yang bergaris miring di atas
SKILL 24 : ANTISIPASI PERTANYAAN

Kemampuan anda untuk menjawab pertanyaan individual dalam pidato panjang akan
semakin baik bila anda bisa mengantisipasi pertanyaan yang bakal muncul.
Contoh, dalam buku tes anda membaca :
(A) For three weeks
(B) For three days
(C) For three months
(E) For three hours
Pertanyaannya mungkin seperti ini : How long does (something) last?
LATIHAN:
Sekarang, cobalah antisipasi pertanyaan apa yang muncul untuk jawaban berikut berikut :
1 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
During a biology laboratory

session
Pertanyaan :
2 (A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Once a week
Two times a week
Three times a week
For fifteen hours
(A)
Room assignments
(B)
(C)
(D)
Exam topics
Reading assignments
The frist lecture
Pertanyaan :
5 (A) Exams and lab work
(B) Reading and writing assignments
(C) Class participation and grades on
examinations
(D) Lecture and laboratory attendance
Pertanyaan :
Pertanyaan :
3 (A)
To do the first laboratory

assignment
(B) To take the first exam
(C) To study the laboratory manual
(D) To read of chapter of the text
Pertanyaan :
17
SKILL 25 : TENTUKAN TOPIK

Selagi mendengarkan pidato panjang, pikirkan topik, subjek, pokok bahasan, untuk masingmasing percakapan. Karena dari satu atau dua kalimat pertama kita sudah bisa tebak, maka
anda sudah bisa menentukan apa topiknya.
Contoh :
(man)
The major earthquake that occurred east of Los Angeles in 1971 is still affecting
the economy of the area today
Anda berpikir : Topik pidato ini adalah efek gempa bumi di LA tahun 1971 yang masih terasa
sampai sekarang.
SKILL 26: TARIK KESIMPULAN TENTANG : WHO, WHAT, WHEN, WHERE.

Selagi mendengarkan, and harus mencoba memahami beberapa hal ini :
- Siapa yang sedang bicara
- Dimana kemungkinan berlangsungnya percakapan itu.
- Kapan kemungkinan terjadinay percakapan itu.
- Apa sumber informasi percakapan itu.
Contoh :
(woman)
The next stop on out tour of Atlanta will be the original home of Coca-Cola, at
107 Marrieta Street. Coca-Coal was manufactured at this location until early in
September of 1888.
Anda berpikir :
- Siapa yang bicara?
- Di mana mereka?
- Dimana pidato berlangsung
(a tour guide)
(in Atlanta)
(in the middle of a tour)
SKILL 27: DENGARKAN JAWABAN SESUAI URUTAN

Ada dua cara yang bisa digunakan sementara Anda mendengarkan percakapan panjang.
- Dengarkan saja dan abaikan jawabannya.
- Anda bisa ikuti jawabannya sembari mendengarkan.
Ada siswa yang suka mendengarkan percakapan semata dan ada juga yang sibuk membaca
jawaban sembari mendengarkan. Nah, lantaran pertanyaan detailnya terjawab sesuai
urutan, maka ada baiknya anda sembari juga membaca jawaban dalam buku tes Anda.
Contoh : Dalam rekaman anda mendengar :
(woman)
The Great Chicago Fire began on October 8, 871, and according to legend,
began when a cow knocked over a lantern in Mrs. OLearys barn. No matter
how it began, it was a disastrous fire. The preceeding summer had been
exceedingly dry in Chicago area, and the extreme dryness accompanied by
Chicagos infamous winds created an inferno that destroyed 18,000 buldings
and killed more than 300 people before it was extinguished the following day.
18
Di dalam rekaman anda juga mendengarkan :

(narrator) :
1. According to legend, where did the Great Chicago Fire began?
2. Which of the following is not true oabout the Great Chicago Fire.
Dalam buku tes Anda terbaca :
1.
(A)
(E)
(F)
(G)
2.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
In a barn
In Mrs. OLearys
In a cow pasture
In a lantern factory
The dry weather prior to the fire made it worse
It happened during the summer
Chicago winds made it worse
It killed many people
Jika dari awal anda sudah bisa mengantisipasi dengan pertannyaan What type of account?
maka anda bisa menjawab pertanyaan dengan benar. Dan anda juga bisa mengantisipasi
pertanyaa kedua What thing.? Jawaban mana yang benar?
19
Latihan Listening Short Dialogue

SHORT DIALOGUE| Exercise 1 (Skills 1 3)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a.
He would like some iced coffee
b.
a.
The instructor is selecting several

passages
He wants to stop drinking coffee
b.
The conductor is fair to the passengers
c.
A drink seems like a good idea
c.
The stamp collector is conducting his

business
d.
He needs to drink something to stop

his coughing
d.
The riders are paying for the train trip
a.
She would prefer a sunny day
a.
The managers will take train to the

programs
b.
The park is too crowded
b.
A program to develop new managers will

commence soon
c.
She would like a place that is not so

loud
c.
The new management program is too

weak
d.
She cannot walk because shes too

old
d.
The program will be maintained to the

letter
a.
He should open a new account
a.
The fire started to attack the building
b.
He should take a ride on a ship
b.
The firefighter stared to the attackers
c.
He should try to keep the cost cheap
c.
The fire probably began at the top of the

building
d.
He should try something monotonous

to get to sleep
d.
The firefighter started to attack the fire
a.
The department is not changing the

requirements
a.
He assured the woman that he knew the

truth
b.
He hasnt heard anything about the

change
b.
He is sure that it isnt new
c.
The changes are unbelievable
c.
He thought that the woman was aware

of what happened
d.
What has happened is incredible to

him
d.
He soon will know the truth
a.
The wait has taken close to an hour
a.
The art professor is not one of the fans
b.
They were stranded in their car
b.
His drawings were amazing
c.
Most of the people have been in line

for four hours
c.
The art professor is not one of the fans
d.
The made a line in the sand
d.
The sketches showed a fantasy word
CD 1 Track 29
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
20
SHORT DIALOGUE | Exercise 2: (Skill 4 6)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a.
In a department store
b.
a.
The professor bought two books
In a stationery store
b.
The students had to purchase two books
c.
At the post office
c.
The students sold two books to the

professor
d.
At the airport
d.
The students were required to read two

books by the professor
a.
The teacher gave the students a

hand
a.
The doctor returned to the office
b.
The terms papers were turned in
b.
Jim asked the doctor to come to the office
c.
The students got the papers from the

office
c.
The doctor will not return until next week
d.
The teacher handed the papers to the

students
d.
Jim was told to come back
a.
The attendants checked the oil in

Marks car
a.
Go to work in the lab
b.
Mark checked to see if he had

enough oil his car
b..
Sample the work from the lab
c.
Mark checked with the service station

attendant
c.
Have the samples delivered
d.
Mark wrote a check to pay for the oil
d.
Send a note to the lab
a.
A delivery man
a.
Mary became the new class president
b.
A famous chef
b..
Sue took her place as class president
c.
A clerk in a fast-food restaurant
c.
In place of Mary, Sue became senior

class president
d.
An airline steward
d.
The senior class president replaced Sue

and Mary
a.
They need new print for the additional

copies
a.
The panel was analyzed on the television

program
b.
They can make extra copies if

necessary
b..
A committee evaluated recent political

events
c.
Printers are needed for the additional

copies
c.
A program featured a psychoanalyst
d.
Additional copies are needed

immediately
d.
The panel discussed the television

program
CD 2 Track 9
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
21

1.
2.
3.
7.
8.
a.
She can try a little harder
b.
a.
She does want to see the movie
There is a lot more that she can do
b..
Its extremely important to her to go
c.
Shes doing the best that she can
c.
She doesnt want to go there anymore
d.
It is impossible for her to do anything
d.
She really couldnt move there
a.
Shes always been late for the bus
a.
She handed the paper on time
b.
The bus has always been late
b..
She was able to complete the paper, but

she didnt turn it in.
c.
The bus only left on time once
c.
The paper was a complete mess, so she

didnt turn it in.
d.
Only on this trip has the bus been on

time
d.
The paper was unfinished
a.
There wasnt enough soup to go

around
a.
Neither Tim nor Sylvia is taking care of

Art.
b.
We had so much soup that we

couldnt finish it
b..
Sylvia likes modern art even less than

Tim does
c.
Everyone got one serving of soup, but

there wasnt enough for seconds
c.
Sylvia doesnt care for anything Tim

does.
d.
Everyone around the table had a lot

of soup
d.
Sylvia and Tim agree in their opinion of

modern Art
a.
They always work hard in the

afternoon
a.
He did really poorly
b.
They dont do much after work
b..
Hes felt worse before
c.
After noon they never work
c.
The results could not have been better
d.
Its never hard for them to work in the

afternoon
d.
Hes not too unhappy with the results
a.
Its hard for him to work when it gets

warm
a.
With so many members present, the

committee couldnt reach a decision
b.
Whenever it gets warm, he turns on

the air-conditioner
b..
The committee should have waited until

more members were present
c.
The air-conditioner only works when

its needed
c.
The issue shouldnt have been decided

by all the committee members
d.
He likes to used the air-conditioner

when its warm
d.
The issue wasnt decided because so

many members were absent
CD 2 Track 19
4.
5.
6.
9.
10.
22

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a.
She plans to talk a lot this month
b.
a.
He would be glad to say it over again
She has a lot to say about the phone

bill
b.
He would like the woman to repeat what

he said
c.
The bill is high because she has a lot

to say
c.
He says that he would like to take the

class again
d.
She agrees with the man
d.
Hes happy the class is over, too.
a.
Bill had never really been sick
a.
He finished all the problems
b.
Bill was too sick to come to class
b.
He doesnt believe what the woman said
c.
Bill was sick of calculus class
c.
He was able to finish some of the

problems
d.
Bill had forgotten about the calculus

class this morning
d.
Both he and the women were

unsuccessful on the math problems
a.
The man should go out tonight
a.
The man had mailed the package
b.
The man should stay home and relax
b.
The man had forgotten to go to the postoffice
c.
The man should work on the paper

tonight
c.
The man had given the package to the

woman to mail.
d.
The man should go out Monday

instead
d.
The man remembered the package after

he went to the post-office.
a.
The cafeteria was open in the

morning
a.
They should take the cars
b.
The cafeteria did not serve breakfast
b.
The woman should try not to be afraid
c.
The breakfast at the cafeteria was not

very tasty
c.
The woman should buy a bigger car
d.
The woman never ate breakfast in the

cafeteria
d.
They should go together in his car
a.
He believes that it is acceptable to

park there
a.
He wants to know if the muffins taste goo
b.
The parking lot is too far from their

destination
b.
He thinks the muffins were recently

prepared
c.
He knows that they wont get a ticket
c.
The muffins are not really fresh
d.
He knows where the parking lot is
d.
Hes sure that the muffins were just mad
CD 3 Track 2
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
23
SHORT DIALOGUE | Exercise 5 (Skill 1 13)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a.
Write a message to the man
b.
a.
The man should spend more time on

registration
Make some phone calls
b.
The man should walk more quickly

through registration
c.
Respond to the mans questions
c.
The man should send in his registration

materials
d.
Get a new phone installed
d.
The man should try to avoid registering

next semester
a.
Shes not sure if shes free
a.
He couldnt find Paulas phone numbers,

so he didnt call
b.
Shes marked it on her calendar
b.
He couldnt give Paula the list over the

phone
c.
Shell write a check for the calendar
c.
When he went to call Paula, he couldnt

find the list
d.
Her calendar says she has to have a

meeting at 3.00
d.
He couldnt recollect the number that was

on the list
a.
He barely rode the bicycle
a.
She couldnt take her luggage to the store
b.
He didnt have enough money
b.
She stored her luggage at the train

station
c.
The bicycle didnt need to be paid for
c.
She carried her luggage from the train

station to the store
d.
He paid for the bicycle
d.
There were no lockers for her bags
a.
She fixed the television
a.
The woman had taken a different major
b.
Bob made the television work
b..
The woman had chosen psychology as

major
c.
The woman looked at Bob on

television
c.
The woman was uninformed
d.
Bob works for the woman
d.
The woman needed to see a psychiatrist
a.
He helped her say what she couldnt

say
a.
She would like the man to repeat what he

said
b.
She was unable to say anything

about him
b.
She thinks the exam could have been a

little more difficult
c.
He hasnt helped her very much
c.
She shares the same opinion of the exam

as the man
d.
What he said was very helpful
d.
She believes the exam was easy
CD 3 Track 3
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
24

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a.
She enjoys violent movies.
b.
She would have preferred a more

violent movie.
b.
c.
She thinks the film was too violent.
c.
Even though they didnt stop at the service

station, they didnt run out of gas.
d.
She enjoyed the movie.
d.
They ran out of gas because they didnt

stop at the gas station.
a.
He left the windows open.
a.
His schedule is not really heavy.
b.
The rain did not get in.
b.
He needs to add a few more courses.
c.
He forgot to close the windows.
c.
He enrolled in more courses than he really

wants.
d.
The rain got into the house.
d.
He will register for a lot of courses next

semester.
a.
Her family is unable to come to

graduation.
a.
She never took the bus to work.
b.
It is possible that her family will

come.
b.
She regularly takes the bus.
c.
Her parents are coming to the

ceremonies.
c.
She doesnt know how to get to work
d.
She is not graduating this year.
d.
She gets lost on the bus.
a.
He is going to miss the conference.
a.
She bought some eggs at the store.
b.
He will take his vacation next week.
b.
She doesnt have any eggs to lend him.
c.
He will attend the conference
c.
He can borrow some eggs.
d.
He wont miss his vacation.
d.
She didnt go to the store.
a.
He enjoys chemistry lab.
a.
Teresa is feeling a lot better.
b.
He doesnt have chemistry lab this

afternoon.
b.
The doctor didnt prescribe the medicine.
c.
He isnt taking chemistry class.
c.
Teresa didnt follow the doctors orders.
d.
He has to go to the lab.
d.
Teresa did exactly what the doctor said.
CD 3 Track 8
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
a.
They filled up the gas tank at the last

service station.
Although they filled up the tank, they still
ran out of gas.
25

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a.
She gets lots of take-out dinners.
b.
a.
The man might start a fire in the park.
She and her roommate alternate

cooking responsibilities.
b.
The man perked his car near the fire.
c.
Her roommate cooks more often than

she does.
c.
The mans thinking of doing something

dangerous.
d.
Her roommate does the cooking while

she does other chores.
d.
The mans playing a game in the park.
a.
He resembles his father.
a.
The machines do not act very well.
b.
He has a chipped tooth.
b.
The machines dont really bother her.
c.
He lives one block from his father.
c.
She would like them to stop the noise.
d.
He and his father were playing a game

with blocks.
d.
She wishes the machines would cut

the wood.
a.
Shes going somewhere else.
a.
Fred has a dog that barks a lot.
b.
She does not like football.
b.
Fred has hidden the money in a tree.
c.
She has a lot of work to do.
c.
Fred has backed into a tree.
d.
She is getting sick.
d.
Fred has made a mistake.
a.
He put his foot where he should not

have.
a.
She will give him any help he needs.
b.
He put the food that the teacher gave

him into his mouth.
b.
He has to give away what he doesnt

need.
c.
He said something embarrassing.
c.
He should not give up.
d.
He told the teacher that his foot was

hurt.
d.
He should give back what he

borrowed.
a.
Shed like the man to delay his trip.
a.
Shed rather go swimming than do the

homework.
b.
She prefers that the man leave a few

minutes earlier than she planned.
b.
The chemistry homework is really

difficult.
c.
She wants to know if the man will stay in

the market for only a few minutes.
c.
Shes doing the homework by the

swimming pool.
d.
Shed like to talk to the man for a few

minutes.
d.
The steam is drying up.
CD 3 Track 14
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
26

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
a.
Theres no more wood inside.
b.
a.
The woman hit her head on a nail.
The wood in the fireplace should be

put outside.
b.
The woman hit his new car.
c.
Theres a fire outside
c.
The woman was exactly right.
d.
He needs to bring more some wood

outside
d.
The woman bought the new car.
a.
She worked late at a conference.
a.
He would like the woman to help him find

his paper.
b.
Her meeting was canceled.
b..
He wants the woman to put the paper

away.
c.
She called a conference at work.
c.
He needs the woman to review the paper.
d.
She was late to a conference.
d.
He would like the woman to write the

paper for him.
a.
In a hospital.
a.
Information about the problem is

unavailable.
b.
At a police station.
b.
No one has been informed.
c.
At the beach.
c.
Everybody knows what is going on.
d.
In a locker room.
d.
Nobody is aware that the problem is

serious.
a.
There was too much room on the

dance floor.
a.
He did not sleep well.
b.
He enjoyed the room where they went

dancing.
b.
He never woke up this morning.
c.
The dance floor was too crowded.
c.
The alarm failed to go off.
d.
The club needed more rooms for

dancing.
d.
He needed a loud alarm to wake up.
a.
He could not understand the fax

machine.
a.
The pilot made an emergency landing.
b.
He wrote the letter that was sent.
b.
The pilot was forced to leave the plane in

a hurry.
c.
The fax machine was easy for him to

use.
c.
The pilot fielded questions about the

forced landing.
d.
He was not very good with figures.
d.
The plane was damaged when it landed

forcefully.
CD 3 Track 15
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
27
Latihan Listening Long Conversation

LONG CONVERSATION| Exercise 1 (Skill 20)
Latihan ini merupakan rangkuman atas skill 18, 19 dan 20 (mengantisipasi topik,
mengantisipasi pertanyaan dan menentukan topik long conversation)
Listen to the recording.
What is the topic of Conversation 1?
______________________________________________________________________.
_______________________________________________________________________.
_______________________________________________________________________.
CD 3 Track 18, 19 and 20

Listen to the first part of each of the conversation and try to imagine the situation. Then
answer the questions in the text.
CONVERSATION 1:
1. Who is possibly talking?
2. Where does the conversation take place?
CONVERSATION 2:
1. Who is probably talking?
2. When does the conversation take place?
3. What is the source of the mans information?
CONVERSATION 3:
2. When does the conversation take place?
3. What is the source of information?
28

1.
a.
Find work on campus
9.
a.
Sleeping outside on the ground
29

b.
c.
d.

Help students find job
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
In the library
In a classroom
In a campus office
In an apartment
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
30
b.
c.
d.
Spending time in hot tub

Relaxing at the lodge
Enjoying excellent food
10.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Shed be scared, but shed like to try

She cant wait
It would be quite exciting for her.
Shes prefer not to try
No more than ten

At least twenty
Not more than twenty
Up to ten
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
All kinds of pollution

How acid rain has harmed the earth
Pollution from cars and factories
The causes and possible effects of acid
rain
a.
b.
c.
d.
Every morning
Afternoons and weekends
When hes in class
Weekdays
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Nuclear power
Electricity
Burning coal and oil
Solar power
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Fill out a form

Give her some additional information
Tell her some news
Phone her
13.
a.
b.
c.
d.
From sulfur dioxide and water vapor

From sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide
From nitric acid and sulfur dioxide
From water vapor and nitric acid
6.
a.
b.
Just before a vacation

Just after the end of a school
semester
At the end of the summer
Just after a break from school
14.
a.
b.
Only in North America

At the North and South Poles
c.
d.
In parts of several northern continents

In equatorial areas
15.
a.
b.
c.
d.
She should protect herself from the rain

She should clean the water supply
She should read a novel
She should get more information about
acid rain
c.
d.
7.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A trip to visit the Eskimos

A trip the woman is planning to take
A trip the man has already taken
A camping trip the man and woman
took
8.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Three hours
Three complete days
Three classes
Three weeks

LONG CONVERSATION| Exercise 4 (Skill 18 - 22)
1.
a.
To a concert
8.
a.
Laramie

b.
c.
d.
To a rehearsal
To a lecture
To the library
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
One
Two
Three
Four
3.
a.
31
b.
c.
d.
Devils Tower National Monument

Old Faithful
Wyoming
9.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Hear again about Yellowstone

Take trip to Yellowstone
Get a job in a national park
Move to Yellowstone
10
a.
b.
How and when we celebrate

Thanksgiving dinner.
The traditional Thanksgiving dinner
c.
d.
The bus does not go directly to the

Music Building
The bus goes very slowly to the
Music Building
The bus sometimes does not come
The bus will not arrive for a while
c.
d.
When Thanksgiving began.

Abraham Lincoln
a.
b.
Walk
Wait for the bus
11
a.
b.
c.
d.
Miss the lecture

Think of another plan
c.
d.
With colonists in Massachusetts

Alone and thinking about how
Thanksgiving developed
With a big Thanksgiving dinner
In an untraditional manner
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Boring
Fantastic
Lengthy
Faithful
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The terrible winter

The corn harvest
The development of Thanksgiving Day
For getting the whole family together
6.
a.
b.
c.
d.
By car
By plane
By train
By bicycle
13.
a.
b.
c.
d.
At many different times

In July
Any time in November
On a Thursday in November
7.
a.
b.
c.
She went directly to Yellowstone

She spent a few days in Laramie
She stopped at the Devils Tower
National Monument
She made a few stop before going on
to Yellowstone
b.
4.
d.
Latihan Listening Long Talks
32
LONG TALKS | Exercise 1 (Skill 25)

Latihan ini merupakan rangkuman atas skill 23, 24 dan 25 (mengantisipasi topik,
mengantisipasi pertanyaan dan menentukan topik talks).
Listen to the recording.
What is the topic of Talk 1
______________________________________________________________________.
What is the topic of Talk 2?
_______________________________________________________________________.
What is the topic of Talk 3?
_______________________________________________________________________.
33
Listen to the first part of each of the talks and try to imagine the situation. Then answer the
questions.
TALK 1
2. Where does the talk probably take place?
3. When does the talk probably take place
4. What course is being discussed?
TALK 2
2. Where does the talk probably take place?
3. When does the talk probably take place
4. What course is being discussed?
TALK 3
2. Where does the talk take place?
3. When does the talk take place?

1.
a.
During a biology laboratory session
9.
a.
They are not so violent
34

b.
c.
d.

2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Once a week
Two times a week
Three times a week
For fifteen hours
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
b.
c.
d.
They are located along the Ring of Fire

They contain a lot of gas
They contain thick lava
10.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A volcano on the Ring of Fire

An island in Hawaii
A long, low volcanic mountain
An explosive volcano
To do the first laboratory assignment

To take the first exam
To study the laboratory manual
To read one chapter of the text
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
An artist
A tour guide
An Indian
Orville Wright
a.
b.
c.
d.
Room assignments
Exam topics
Reading assignment
The first lecture
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Several
Six thousand
Sixteen million
Millions and millions
a.
b.
c.
13.
a.
b.
c.
The National Air and Space Museum

The Museum of Natural History
The American History Museum
d.
Exams and lab work

Reading and writing assignments
Class participation and grades on
examinations
Lecture and laboratory attendance
d.
The Smithsonian Arts and Industries

Building
a.
b.
What caused the Ring of Fire

The volcanoes of the Ring of Fire
14.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The Volcanoes of Hawaii

Different types of volcanoes
c.
d.
The American History Museum

The Smithsonian Arts and Industries
Building
The Washington Museum
The National Air and Space Museum
a.
b.
a.
b.
To the White Museum

To the Smithsonian
c.
d.
The Ring of Fire

The Characteristics of volcanoes in
the Rings of Fire
The volcanoes of Hawaii
Mauna Loa
c.
d.
To the mall
To various other museum
a.
b.
c.
d.
In Hawaii
In the United States
Along the Ring of Fire
Within the Ring of Fire
15.

LONG TALKS | Exercise 3 (Skills 23 - 27)
1.
35
a.
Other librarians
7.
a.
Alcohol

b.
c.
2.
3.
d.
Undergraduate students
Students who are not in the business
department
Graduate business students
a.
b.
c.
d.
It opens at 7:00 a.m.

It closes at 7:00 p.m.
It closes at midnight
It is always open
a.
8.
36
b.
c.
d.
Nicotine
Caffeine
A reduced supply of blood
a.
b.
d.
It increases the flow of blood to the skin

It causes increased consumption of
alcohol
It prevents the skin from receiving
enough nourishment
It causes stress
c.
9.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Before the Civil War

At the end of the civil war
At the beginning of the twentieth century
Within the last decade
d.
Computer area and business

materials
Magazines and newspaper
Business department and library staff
office
First and second floors of the library
a.
b.
c.
d.
Go home
Return to class
Work on the computer
Tour the library
10.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The Civil War ended

The U.S. government issued a large
amount of paper currency
The price of gold plummeted
The value of gold became inflated
5.
a.
b.
c.
d.
A student in health services

A drug abuse lecturer
A dermatologists
A representative of tobacco industry
11.
a.
b.
c.
d.
The president
The presidents brother
The presidents brother-in-law
The presidents wife
6.
a.
How to reduce nicotine and other

addictions
How stress affects skins
The effect of alcohol on health
How to achieve optimal health
12.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Issue greenbacks
Sell gold
Corner the gold market
Hold its reserves.
b.
c.
4.
b.
c.
d.
B. Structure and Written Expression
37
Pada PAPER BASED TOEFL, seksi kedua disebut STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN
EXPRESSION. Seksi ini terdiri dari antara 40 pertanyaan. Anda punya waktu 25 menit untuk
menjawab seluruh pertannyaan dalam bagian ini.
Ada dua jenis pertanyaan dalam bagian ini, yakni :
1.
Structure (Soal no 1 sampai no 15) yang tersaji dalam bentuk kalimat-kalimat

yang salah satu bagiannya dikosongkan untuk diisi. Masing-masing kalimat diikuti
oleh empat pilihan jawaban. Anda harus memilih jawaban yang sesuai untuk
disisipkan pada ruang kosong dalam kalimat itu.
2.
Written Expression (soal no. 16 40) yang tersaji dalam kalimat-kalimat. Dalam
masing-masing kalimat ini, terdapat empat garis di bawah kata atau sekelompok
kata. Anda harus memilih kata atau kelompok kata yang digarisbawahi yang salah.
Kedua jenis pertanyaan ditampilkan secara berurutan dari yang mudah menuju ke sulit.
Untuk bagian Structure, no 1 itu paling mudah dan nomor 15 paling sulit. Untuk bagian
Written Expression, nomor 16 paling mudah dan nomor 40 paling sulit.
B.1. Structure
B.1.1.
MENYIASATI TES STRUCTURE
1.
Fahami perintah dengan baik. Perintah pada setiap tes PAPER BASED TOEFL
selalu sama dan itulah sebabnya Anda tidak perlu buang-buang waktu untuk
membaca perintah ketika sedang tes. Fahami baik-baik perintah sebelum ikut tes
betulan.
2.
Mulailah dengan soal No. 1 sampai 10. Jangan terlalu buang-buang waktu dengan
nomor 11 15. Kalau terlalu sulit, tinggalkan dulu lalu kerjakan nomor 16 - 35.
3.
Kalau masih ada waktu, kembalilah ke nomor 11 15 dan 35 40. Kerjakan

nomor-nomor ini kalau dipastikan nomor lain sudah terjawab dengan baik.
4.
Main tebak saja untuk menyelesaikan soal yang terlalu sulit sebelum waktunya
habis. Tidak ada pengurangan nilai untuk jawaban yang salah, siapa tahu tebakan
itu benar
PROSEDUR SOAL STRUCTURE

1.
Mula-mula, cermati kalimatnya. Ini dimaksudkan untuk menentukan apa kira-kira

yang diperlukan untuk mengisi ruang kosong dengan benar.
2.
Kemudian cermati masing-masing jawaban dan pastikan seberapa cocok jawaban

itu untuk melengkapi soal.
3.
Jangan mencoba mengeliminasi jawaban-jawaban yang salah hanya dengan

melihat jawaban-jawaban saja. Jawaban-jawaban baru akan terlihat salah jika
dicoba digunakan untuk mengisi soal.
B.1.2. Strategi Memahami Structure
38
B.1.2.1 KALIMAT DENGAN SATU KLAUSA

Ada beberapa kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris yang hanya memiliki subyek dan kata kerja,
dan dalam hal ini kita perlu mengetahui mana subjek dan mana kata kerjanya. Kadangkadang kita mudah mengetahuinya, tapi kadang-kadang juga sulit. Struktur-struktur tertentu,
seperti objek preposisi, apositif, dan partisipel seringkali menyebabkan siswa bingung dalam
menentukan mana subjek dan mana kata kerja karena hampir semuanya bisa mirip subjek
atau mirip kata kerja. Jadi, agar mudah, ikuti cara ini :
a.
b.
c.
pastikan kalimat memiliki subjek dan kata kerja

hati-hati dengan objek preposisi dan apositif ketika mencari subjek
hati-hati dengan present participle dan past participle ketika mencoba
menemukan kata kerja.
SKILL 1: PASTIKAN KALIMAT MEMILIKI SEBUAH OBJEK DAN SEBUAH KATA

KERJA
CONTOH 1 : Mana jawaban yang benar?
________ was backed up for miles on the freeway
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Yesterday
In the morning
Traffic
Cars

Engineers ________ for work on the new space program
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Necessary
are needed
hopefully
next month

The boy ______ going to the movies with a friend
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
he is
he always was
is relaxing
will be
SKILL 2 : KENALI OBJEK PREPOSISI
39
Objek preposisi bisa merupakan kata benda, kata ganti orang, gerund atau klausa benda
yang muncul setelah preposisi, seperti in, at, of, to, by, behind, on dan sebagainya. Yang
digarisbawahi adalah objek. Preposisinya adalah after dan by.
After the exams Tom will take a trip by boat.
CONTOH SOAL :
With his friend _______ found the movie theater.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
has
he
later
when
SKILL 3 : HATI-HATI DENGAN APOSITIF

Apositif bisa bikin bingung karena apositif dikira subjek kalimat. Apositif adalah kata benda
yang muncul sebelum atau sesudah kata benda lain dan memiliki arti yang sama.
Sally, the best student in class, got an A on the exam.
Sally adalah subjek, the best student in class adalah apositif. Sally dan the best student
adalah orang yang sama. Perhatikan koma yang memisahkan Sally dan the best student.
Kata kerja kalimat ini adalah got
CONTOH 1:
___________ George, is attending the lecture.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Right now
Happily
Because of the time
My friend
Mana jawaban yang benar? Garisbawahi apositif-nya.

CONTOH 2:
______, Sarah rarely misses her basketball shots.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
An excellent basketball player

An excellent basketball player is
Sarah is an excellent basketball player
Her excellent basketball player
Mana jawaban yang benar? Garisbawahi apositif-nya.
SKILL 4 : WASPADAI PRESENT PARTICIPLE.
40
Present Participle adalah bentuk ing (playing, walking), Dalam TOEFL bentuk ini bisa bikin
bingung karena ia bisa menjadi bagian dari kata kerja atau bagian dari kata sifat.
The man is talking to his friend talking (sedang bicara) adalah kata kerja
The man talking to his friend is my friend. talking (yang sedang bicara) adalah
kata sifat
CONTOH :
The child _______ playing in the yard is my son.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
now
is
he
was
Mana jawaban yang benar? Garisbawahi present participle-nya.
SKILL 5 : WASPADAI PAST PARTICIPLE

Past Participle adalah bentuk V-3 (misalnya driven, talked). Dalam TOEFL bentuk ini bisa
bikin bingung karena ia bisa menjadi bagian dari kata kerja atau bagian dari kata sifat.
The family has purchased a television purchased (membeli) adalah kata kerja
The television purchased yesterday was expensive purchased
(yang dibeli) adalah kata sifat.
CONTOH :
The packages _______ mailed at the post office will arrive Monday
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
have
were
them
just
Mana jawaban yang benar? Garisbawahi past participle-nya.
B.1.2.2 KALIMAT DENGAN BANYAK KLAUSA

Banyak kalimat dalam Bahasa Inggris memiliki lebih dari satu klausa (anak kalimat). Klausa
adalah kelompok kata yag berisi subjek dan kata kerja. Jika Anda menjumpai kalimat yang
memiliki lebih dari satu klausa, pastikan bahwa setiap subjeknya memilki kata kerja dan
setiap kata kerjanya memiliki subjek, kemudian, pastikan semua klausa dalam kalimat itu
tergabung dengan baik.
SKILL 6 : GUNAKAN KONEKTOR KORDINAT DENGAN BENAR
41
Kalau Anda punya dua klausa dalam satu kalimat, Anda harus menghubungkan kedua
klausa tersebut dengan benar. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan menggunakan and, but,
or, so atau yet di antara dua klausa itu.
Tom is singing, and Paul is dancing
Tom is tall, but Paul is short
CONTOH :
A power failure occurred, _______ the lamps went out.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
then
so
later
next
Mana jawaban yang benar? Garisbawahi penghubung kordinatif-nya.
SKILL 7 : GUNAKAN KATA KETERANGAN WAKTU DAN KATA KETERANGAN

PENYEBAB DENGAN BAIK.
Kalimat-kalimat dengan klausa kata keteragan memiliki dua pola dasar dalam Bahasa
Inggris. Pelajari klausa dan konektornya dalam kalimat di bawah ini.
I will sign the check before you leave
Before you leave, I will sign the check.
CONTOH :
_______ was late, I missed the appointment.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
I
Because
The train
Since he
Mana jawaban yang benar? Garisbawahi kata keterangannya.
SKILL 8 : GUNAKAN JENIS-JENIS KONEKTOR LAIN DENGAN BAIK .

Klausa kata keterangan bisa menyatakan waktu dan penyebab seperti yang ada pada SKILL
7. Klausa keterangan bisa juga menyatakan hal-hal lain, misalnya perbandingan,
pengandaian, cara dan tempat.
I will leave at 7:00 if I am ready
Although I was late, I managed to catch the train
CONTOH :
You will get a good grade on the exam provided _______

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
42
studying
study
to study
you study
Mana jawaban yang benar? Garisbawahi klausa keterangannya.
B.1.2.3 LEBIH JAUH LAGI DENGAN KLAUSA GANDA

SKILL 9 : GUNAKAN KONEKTOR KLAUSA KATA BENDA DENGAN BAIK
Klausa kata benda adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai kata benda. Itulah sebabnya ia
bisa menduduki posisi subjek atau objek dalam sebuah kalimat.
I know when he will arrive
(yang digarisbawahi adalah klausa benda sebagai objeknya kata kerja)
When he will arrive is not important
(yang digarisbawahi adalah klausa benda sebagai subjek)
CONTOH :
_______ was late caused many problems
(A)
That he
(B)
(C)
(D)
The driver
There
Because
Mana jawaban yang benar? Garisbawahi klausa bendanya.
SKILL 10 : GUNAKAN KONEKTOR KLAUSA BENDA/SUBJEK DENGAN BAIK

Dalam hal-hal tertentu, konektor klausa benda tidak saja berfungsi sebagai konektor. Ia juga
bisa menjadi subjek dari klausa sekaligus.
I do not know what is in the box
(yang digarisbawahi adalah klausa benda sebaga subjeknya kata kerja)
Whoever is coming to the party must bring a gift.
(yang digarisbawahi adalah klausa benda sebagai subjek)
What dan whoever dalam hal ini berfungsi sebagai subyek sekaligus konektor.
CONTOH :
__________ was on television made me angry
(A)
(B)
It
The story
(C) What
(D) When
Mana jawaban yang benar? Garisbawahi subjek dan konektor bendanya.
SKILL 11 : GUNAKAN KONEKTOR KLAUSA SIFAT DENGAN BENAR

Klausa sifat adalah klausa yang menjelaskan benda. Karena ia adalah kata sifat, maka ia
ditempatkan lagsung setelah benda yang dijelaskannya.
43
The woman is filling the glass that she put on the table
That adalah klausa sifat konektor yang menghubungkan kedua klausa.
..that she put on the table menjelaskan glass
CONTOH :
The gift __________ selected for the bride was rather expensive
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
because
was
Since
which we
Mana jawaban yang benar? Garisbawahi klausa sifatnya.

SKILL 12 : GUNAKAN KLAUSA SIFAT KONEKTOR/SUBJEK DENGAN BENAR
Dalam hal-hal tertentu, klausa sifat konektor tidak saja berfungsi sebagai konektor antara
dua klausa. Ia juga berfungsi sebagai klausa konektor dan juga bertindak sebagai subjek
bagi klausa sekaligus.
The woman is filling the glass that is on the table
Yang digarisbawahi adalah klausa sifat. That juga berfungsi sebagai konektor dan subjek
bagi kata kerja is.
CONTOH :
__________ is on the table has four sections.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The notebook
The notebook which
Because the notebook
In the notebook
Mana jawaban yang benar? Garisbawahi klausa sifatnya, dan konektornya.
B.1.2.4 KALIMAT DENGAN KLAUSA YANG DIPERSINGKAT

Dalam bahasa Inggris klausa dalam kalimat bisa muncul dalam bentuk lengkap dan bentuk
singkat.
My friend should be on the train which is arriving at the station now
Although it was not really difficult, the exam took a lot of time
(yang dicetak miring adalah klausa, dipersingkat dengan membuang kata-kata bergaris).
Dua jenis klausa yang bisa dipangkas adalah klausa sifat dan klausa keterangan.
SKILL 13 : GUNAKAN KLAUSA SINGKAT DENGAN BENAR

Klausa sifat sering muncul dalam bentuk singkat. Dalam keadaan singkat, tidak terdapat
konektor klausa sifat dan be nya.
44
The woman who is waving to us is the tour guide

The letter which was written last week arrived today
CONTOH :
________ on several different television programs, the witness gave conflicting accounts of
what had happened.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
He appeared
Who appeared
Appearing
Appears
Mana jawaban yang benar? Bagaimana bentuk klausanya bila tidak dipersingkat?
SKILL 14 : GUNAKAN KLAUSA KETERANGAN SINGKAT DENGAN BENAR

Klausa keterangan juga bisa dipersingkat dengan menghilangkan subjek dan be-nya, bukan
konektornya.
Although he is rather unwell, the speaker will take part in the seminar.
When you are ready, you can begin your speech
Although he feels (feeling) sick, the speaker will take part in the seminar
(kata-kata yang digaris bisa digantikan dengan kata dalam kurung)
CONTOH :
When ________, you are free to leave.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
the finished report

finished with the report
the report
is the report finish
Mana jawaban yang benar? Bagaimana bentuk klausanya bila tidak dipersingkat?
B.1.2.5 KALIMAT DENGAN SUBJEK DAN KATA KERJA

INVERSIF
Subjek dan kata kerja bisa muncul dalam bentuk inversif yang kebanyakan digunakan dalam
pertanyaan.
He can go now. Can he go now? (inversif)
He went to London yesterday Did he go to London yesterday? (inversif)
SKILL 15 : SUBJEK DAN KATA KERJA DENGAN KATA TANYA HARUS

INVERSIF
Dalam kalimat tanya langsung, subjek dan kata kerja harus inversif :
45
What time does the train leave?

When will he come?
Dalam kalimat tanya tidak langsung, subjek dan kata kerja tidak perlu inversif.
Do you know what time the train leaves?
I have no idea when he will come
CONTOH :
The lawyer asked the client why _________it.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
did he do
did he
he did
did
Mana jawaban yang benar? Bagaimana bentuk inversi-nya?
SKILL 16 : SUBJEK DAN KATA KERJA DENGAN KATA KETERANGAN HARUS

INVERSIF.
Setelah kata-kata yang menyatakan keterangan, subjek dan kata kerja harus inversif.
Here is the book that you lent me
There are the keys that I thought I lost
Nowhere have I seen such beautiful weather
Around the corner is Sams house.
(yang dicetak miring adalah keterangan, yang digarisbawah adalah bentuk inversif-nya)
CONTOH :
On the second level of the parking lot __________
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
is empty
are empty
some empty stalls are
are some empty stalls
Mana jawaban yang benar? Mana subjeknya?
SKILL 17 : SUBJEK DAN KATA KERJA NEGATIF HARUS INVERSIF

Subjek dan kata kerja bisa juga inversif sesudah kata-kata negatif tertentu : no, not, or never
dan kata-kata tertentu seperti : only, hardly ever, neither, nor
Not once did I miss a question
Never has Mr. Jones taken a vacation
At no time can the woman talk on the telephone
Only once did the manager issue overtime paychecks
Yang digarisbawahi adalah bentuk inversifnya.
CONTOH :
Only in extremely dangerous situations ______ stopped.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
46
will the printing presses

the printing presses will be
that the printing presses will be
will the printing presses be
Mana jawaban yang benar? Mana subjeknya?
SKILL 18 : SUBJEK DAN KATA KERJA KONDISIONAL BISA INVERSIF

Dalam struktur kondisional, subjek dan kata kerja juga bisa inversif dengan menghilangkan
if.
If he had taken more time, the results would have been better
Had he taken more time, the results would have been better
Were I Superman, I would help you.
Should you need any help, just let me now
CONTOH :
The report would have been accepted _______ in checking its accuracy
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
if more care
more car had been take
had taken more care
had more care been taken
Mana jawaban yang benar? Bagaimana bentuknya bila tidak inversif?
SKILL 19 : SUBJEK DAN KATA KERJA DENGAN PERBANDINGAN BISA

INVERSIF
Lihat tiga kalimat di bawah ini:
My sister spends more hours in the office than John
My sister spends more hours in the office than John does
My sister spends more hours in the office than does John
Ketiga-tiganya benar. Yang digarisbawahi adalah bentuk inversif.
CONTOH :
The results of the current experiment appear to be more consistent than _____ the results of
any previous tests.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
them
were
they were
were they
Mana jawaban yang benar? Bagaimana bentuknya bila tidak inversif?
B.2. WRITTEN EXPRESSIONS
47
Dalam seksi Written Expressions, Anda akan melihat soal-soal seperti ini:
Venus emits very intense radio waves of thermally origin.
A
B
C
D
Ada empat kata (atau kelompok kata) yang digarisbawahi. Salah satu dari kata-kata yang
digarisbawahi itu salah. Anda harus menetapkan kata yag salah itu.
Dalam soal di atas, garis D salah karena thermally adalah kata keterangan. Yang benar
harusnya thermal.
PROSEDUR SOAL WRITTEN EXPRESSION

1.
Mula-mula, lihatlah kata-kata atau kelompok kata yang digarisbawahi. Anda

harus melihat pilihan mana yang salah.
2.
Kalau masih saja belum bisa menemukan kata yang salah, baca lagi
keseluruhan kalimat. Seringkali suatu kata jadi salah karena terpengaruh kata lain
dalam kalimat itu.
B. 2.1 MASALAH KESESUAIAN ANTARA SUBJEK DAN KATA

KERJA
Kesesuaian antara subjek dan kata kerja sederhana saja : bila subjek kalimatnya tunggal,
maka kata kerjanya harus tunggal. Jika jamak, kata kerjanya jamak.
The boy walks to school
The boys walk to school
Yang jadi masalah adalah bila subjeknya meragukan. Jadi hati-hatilah dengan
a.
b.
c.
d.
setelah frasa preposisi

setelah kata-kata berkenaan dengan jumlah
setelah kata kerja inversif
setelah kata-kata tertentu seperti : anybody, everything, no one,
something, each dan every.
SKILL 20: SESUAIKAN KATA KERJA SETELAH FRASA PREPOSISI

Kadang-kadang frasa preposisi bisa muncul di antara subjek dan kata kerja.
They key to the doors are in the drawer (INCORRECT)
The key to the doors is in the drawer (CORRECT)
Subjekya cuma satu, yakni key, bukan doors. Jadi kata kerjanya adalah is, bukan are .
Latihan : (betulkan kata kerjanya)

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
48
The climbers in the mountain needs to be rescued.

The interrogation, conducted by three police officers, have lasted for 5 hours.
The tenants in the apartment next to mine is giving a party this evening
Manufacture of the items that you requested have been discontinued
The building destroyed during the fire are being rebuilt at the taxpayers
expense
CONTOH SOAL : (cari yang salah)

1
Any houses built in that development before 1970 have to be upgraded to meet currents
standards
The scheduled departure time of the trains, posted on panels throughout the terminal
buildings, are going to be updated.
SKILL 21 : SESUAIKAN KATA KERJA SETELAH KETERANGAN JUMLAH

Masalah kesesuaian bisa muncul manakala subjeknya adalah pernyataan jumlah benda
seperti : all, most, atau some yang diikuti of.
All (of the book) was interesting (Correct)
All (of the books) were interesting (Correct)
All (of the information) was interesting (Correct)
Latihan : Betulkan kata kerjanya
a
Some of the animals from the zoo was released into the animal preserve
All of the students in class taught by Professor Robert is required to turn in their term
papers next Monday
Half of the food that we are serving to the guest are still in the refrigerator
She did not know where most of the people in the room was from

1
None of us are allowed to take an early exam except for one student
Most of the students spends their holiday not far from their hometown.
SKILL 22 : SESUAIKAN KATA KERJA INVERSIF

Kata kerja dalam kalimat inversif juga perlu disesuaikan dengan subjeknya
Behind the house was the bicycles I wanted. (INCORRECT)
Behind the house were the bicycle I wanted. (INCORRECT
Behind the house was the bicycle I wanted. (CORRECT)
Behind the house were the bicycles I wanted. (CORRECT)
49
Only once this morning was the letters delivered by the campus mail service
What in the world is the children trying to do?
This chapter has many more exercises than do the next chapter
Seldom in the history of television has two new comedies been so successful in on
season
How many huge mistakes have the teacher actually found in the research paper?
SKILL 23 : SESUAIKAN KATA KERJA SETELAH KATA-KATA TERTENTU.

Kata-kata berikut ini dianggap sebagai tunggal, jadi digunakan dengan kata kerja tunggal :
Anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing,
somebody, someone, something, each + noun, every + noun.
a
Its impossible to believe that somebody actually admire that man
Each of the doctors in the building are invited to the seminar
The president felt that no one were better suited for the position of state secretary.
Everybody participating in the fund-raiser are to turn in the tickets by 8:00
Anybody who go to the top of Empire State Building is impressed by the view.

1
Every time someone take unnecessary breaks, precious moments of productions time
are lost.
Because of the low numbers of orders, nothing have to be done now
B.2.2
MASALAH DENGAN STRUKTUR PARALEL
Struktur paralel adalah upaya untuk membuat bentuk-bentuk kata semirip mungkin agar satu
kalimat kelihatan berimbang dan halus.
I like to sing and dancing (tidak parallel)
I like to sing and to dance (parallel)
I like singing and dancing (parallel)
SKILL 24 : GUNAKAN STRUKTUR PARALEL DENGAN KONJUNGSI KORDINAT

Tugas konjungsi kordinat (and, but, or) adalah mengggabungkan kata-kata senilai. Dengan
kata lain, kata-kata yang dipisahkan oleh konjungsi kordinat harus paralel.
Dua kata benda paralel digabungkan oleh konjungsi kordinat
50
She is not a teacher but a woman (not parallel)

She is not a teacher but a lawyer (parallel)
Dua kata kerja digabungkan oleh kunjungsi kordinat
He only eats and sleeping when he takes a vacation (not parallel)
He only eats and sleeps when he takes a vacation (parallel)
Dua kata sifat digabungkan oleh konjungsi kordinat
My boss is sincere and drives a BMW (not parallel)
My boss is sincere but not very friendly when he is angry (parallel)
Dua frasa digabungkan oleh konjungsi kordinat
There are students in front of the building and ready to go home (not parallel)
There are students in front of the building and in the classroom (parallel)
Dua klausa digabungkan oleh konjungsi kordinat
They are not interested in what you say or your house (not parallel)
They are not interested in what you say or what you do (parallel)
LATIHAN : TEMUKAN YANG TIDAK PARALEL DAN BETULKAN
a
She held jobs as a typist, a housekeeper and in a restaurant
The report you are looking for could be in the file or not typed yet
She works very hard but usually gets below-average grades.
The term paper she wrote was rather short but had a lot of mistakes
There are papers to file, reports to type and those letters should be answered

1
My new roommate used to work as a housekeeper but a janitor
It is a fact they like reading and to swim
SKILL 25 : GUNAKAN STRUKTUR PARALLEL DENGAN KONJUNGSI GANDA

Contoh konjungsi ganda :
both ..and, either .or, neither .nor, and not only .but also.
I know both your sister and what she does (not parallel)
I know both your sister and your mother (parallel)
Either Mark or Sue has the book (parallel)
The tickets are neither in my pocket nor in my purse (parallel)
He is not only an excellent student but also and an outstanding athlete
LATIHAN : Temukan yang tidak parallel dan betulkan

a
According to the syllabus, you can either write a paper or you can take an exam
She would like neither to see a movie or watching TV
He not only called me fatty but also was rude to me.
The movie was neither amusing nor was it interesting
51

1
Either the manager nor her assistant can help you with the refund
They not only will build a new hotel here and also will provide the people with an
amusement park
SKILL 26 : GUNAKAN STRUKTUR PARALLEL DENGAN PERBANDINGAN

Ketika menyebutkan perbandingan, Anda menyebutkan adanya kesam,aan atau perbedaan
antara dua benda, dan persamaan atau perbedaan tersebut haruslah parallel.
My school is worse than your school
To be rich is better than to be poor
What is written is more easily understood than what is spoken
LATIHAN : Temukan yang tidak parallel dan betulkan
a
Driving on a highway is more dangerous than to drive on the country road
How to buy an old car can be as difficult as buying a new car
What you do has more effect than your smile.

1
Driving carefully is more important than to drive quickly
What you will give them is as crucial as you will face afterwards
B.2.3 MASALAH KOMPARATIF DAN SUPERLATIF

Kalimat-kalimat dengan komparatif dan superlative perlu perhatian. Anda harus tahu (1)
bentuk komparatif dan superlatif yang benar, (2) cara menggunakan komparatif dan
superlatif dengan benar, (3) penambahan er pada kata-kata.
SKILL 27 : CARI TAHU BENTUK KOMPARATIF DAN SUPERLATIF YANG

BENAR
Bob is taller than Ron.
Sally is more beautiful than Susan
Bob is the tallest boy in the room
Nadia is the most beautiful of all the women at the party
LATIHAN : Temukan salahnya dan betulkan
a
b
c
d
e
52
Oxygen is abundanter than nitrogen

Alaska is the coldest than all the states in the United States of America.
My note book is more bigger than yours
Sheila is the most short student in class
Your car is as fast than mine

1
The professor is not the tall as we think he is
Daniella turns out to be the most attractive young girl than class
SKILL 28 : GUNAKAN KOMPARATIF DAN SUPERLATIF DENGAN BENAR

Komparatif digunakan untuk membandingkan dua hal. Contoh :
The history class is larger than the math class
Sue is more intelligent than Helen
Yang digarisbawahi adalah hal-hal yang diperbandingkan. Yang dicetak miring adalah cara
membandingkannya.
Superlatif digunakan untuk membandingkan sesuatu banyak hal sejenis.
The history class is the largest in the school
Sue is the most intelligent in class
a
Rhonda is more hard-working of the class.
Harvard is probably the most prestigious university than UCLA in the United States

1
He bought the more powerful stereo speakers that he could find
The engineers hired this year have most experience than those hired last year.
SKILL 29: GUNAKAN BENTUK ER, -ER DENGAN BENAR

Perhatikan bentuk tidak komparatif yang tidak biasa ini.
The harder he tried, the further he fell behind
The older the children are, the more their parents expect from them

a
The hotter the food, harder it is to eat
The more you say, the worst the situation will be
53

1
The most you use the phone, the higher the bill will be.
The harder you serve, the easiest it is to win the point
B.2.4
MASALAH DENGAN DENGAN BENTUK KATA KERJA
Perhatikan bagaimanaaaa kata kerja Bahasa Inggris bisa berubah bentuk dalam tabel
berikut ini.
BASE FORM
PRESENT
walk
hear
cook
sing
come
begin
walk(s)
hear(s)
cook(s)
sing(s)
come(s)
begin(s)
PRESENT
PARTICIPLE
walking
hearing
cooking
singing
coming
beginning
PAST
walked
heard
cooked
sang
came
began
PAST
PARTICIPLE
walked
heard
cooked
sung
come
begun
Pelajari baik-baik setiap perubahan bentuk tersebut.

SKILL 30: SETELAH HAVE, GUNAKAN PAST PARTICIPLE
Kapan saja Anda melihat kata kerja bantu HAVE, kata kerja di belakangnya adalah past
participle.
a
He has saves $ 30,000
They had hearing the jokes before so they didnt laugh when I told them the joke
We have live here for almost 20 years

1
The young girl in the red blouse drunk a glass of milk
The new secretary has broke the vase that you bought in China
54
SKILL 31 : SETELAH BE GUNAKAN PRESENT PARTICIPLE OR THE PAST

PARTICIPLE
We are doing our homework
He was discussing the new topic with the boss
He was offered a new job
The classrooms are cleaned once a week
Yang dicetak miring adalah be, yang digarisbawahi adalah present participle dan yang
dicetak tebal adalah past participle.
a
Some people are watch TV in the lounge
The bicycle was stole this morning.
Jill was try to remember what had happened the day before

1
The Smiths are build their house on some property they own in the desert
The book could be took away by mistake by someone else.
SKILL 32 : SETELAH WILL, WOULD ATAU JENIS MODAL LAIN, GUNAKAN

KATA KERJA BASE FORM
Perhatikan contoh berikut ini:
She will be here in 10 minutes
They can see some children in the classroom
You must clean the surface of this device with alcohol
LATIHAN: Temukan salahnya dan betulkan
a
They will coming only when they are invited
You shouldnt considers the offer for the reason you believe.
He could gone now if he likes

1
The television movie they are watching will finishes at 7.
She will work on the project only if she can has a full-time secretary.
55
B.2.5 MASALAH DENGAN PENGGUNAAN KATA KERJA

Siswa umumnya mengalami masalah kapan harus menggunakan tense yang tepat dan
bagaimana bentuk kata kerja untuk masing-masing tense tersebut. Pelajari skill-skill berikut
ini.
SKILL 33 : KETAHUI KAPAN HARUS PAKAI PAST KAPAN KAPAN PAKAI

PRESENT
Perhatikan contoh salah ini : He took the money when he wants it
(penggunaan wants dalam bentuk present tidak masuk akal, karena took sudah dalam
bentuk lampau). Fahamilah baik-baik logika tense dalam bahasa Inggris.
a
I know that he takes the money yesterday
I tell him the truth when he asked me the question
Last semester he reads seven books and wrote five papers
He put some money on his account when he goes to the bank
She is where she is today because she worked hard when she is a student

1
When he was a child he always goes to the circus with his grandfather
He is telling the teacher why he does not have time to finish the work earlier this morning
SKILL 34 : GUNAKAN HAVE DAN HAD DENGAN BENAR

Dua bentuk tenses, yang sering bikin pusing adalah have + past participle dan had + past
participle. Lihat contoh berikut :
I have lived in New York for 3 years (sampai sekarang saya masih tinggal di NY)
I had lived in New York for 3 years when I finally moved to Boston in 2010
(saya telah tinggal di NY selama 3 tahun, lalu pindah ke Boston pada tahun 2010)
a
Tom had finished the exam when the teacher collects the papers.
He is depressed because her proposal had been rejected.
He drove to the post office after he has finished preparing the package.

1
The students have registered for classes before the semester started
It is a fact that patient has died before the doctor arrived
SKILL 35 : GUNAKAN TENSE DENGAN TANDA WAKTU YANG SESUAI

Perhatikan kesesuaian antara tense dengan penanda waktunya :
We moved to London in 1980 so we have lived there for 25 years.
She will have finished the job by Friday. She is doing it at the moment
LATIHAN : (Lihat tanda waktu dan temukan kesalahannya)
A She started working since January.
b
We are going to visit him yesterday morning.
All the votes have been counted last week.

1
I had not done much work since I talked to you on Wednesday
The students are writing many compositions lately
SKILL 36 : GUNAKAN TENSE YANG BENAR DENGAN WILL DAN WOULD

Perhatikan bagaimana will dan would digunakan.
I know they will arrive soon
It was certain that he would graduate
a
I was certain she will come late.
He thought he will be promoted to general manager
Jake doubted that he will be able to complete the jobs on time.

1
The executive vice president emphasized at the conference that the board
will not change its positions
I think I will start restructuring my company soon
B.2.6 MASALAH DENGAN KATA KERJA PASIF
56
57
Kalimat-kalimat pasif sering muncul dalam TOEFL dan membuat siswa bingung. Pastikan
Anda memahami bentuk pasif dengan baik. Perhatikan baik-baik perubahan bentuk aktif ke
bentuk pasif di bawah ini:
They clean the room once week
Someone built this bridge in 1910
They will notify us soon
They have typed the reports
He is repairing the car
You must handle it with care
The room is cleaned once a week

This bridge was built in 1910
We will be notified soon
The reports have been typed
The car is being repaired
It must be handled with care
SKILL 37 : GUNAKAN BENTUK PASIF YANG BENAR

Bentuk pasif yang benar adalah be past participle. Temukan kesalahan bentuk pasif
dalam kalimat-kalimat di bawah ini:
The portrait was painting by a famous artist
The project will finished by Tim
The museum was constructs last year
a
The boy had never be stung by a bee
Money is lending by the credit union to those who want to buy homes
The offices were thoroughly clean last evening by the night crew

1
The car that struck in the intersection yesterday is being repaired today
The patients who are too sick to sit up are assisting by the nurses
SKILL 38 : KENALI ARTI AKTIF DAN PASIFNYA

Manakala tidak ada objek (dengan atau tanpa by) setelah kata kerja, Anda harus lihat arti
dari keseluruhan kalimat untuk menentukan apakan kata kerjanya harus aktif atau pasif.
Kalimat dengan kata kerja pasif yang salah dan tidak adanya by + objek menandakan bahwa
kata kerjanya harus pasif. Lihat contoh ;
We mailed the package at the post office
The letter was mailed by us today before noon
a
The car parked in a no-parking zone
The soccer game won in the closing minutes
The clothes made to rival the latest fashions of the season.
The package containing the necessary samples has just sent
The vacation to Europe will plan carefully before the scheduled departure date
58
B.2.7 MASALAH DENGAN KATA BENDA :

Untuk mengatasi berbagai masalah dengan kata benda, perhatikan hal-hal berikut (a)
gunkan bentuk tunggal dan jamak yang benar, (b) bedakan antara kata benda tidak bisa
dihitung dan benda bisa dihitung, (c) kenali bentuk-bentuk benda tunggal tak beraturan, (4)
bedakan orang dari benda.
SKILL 39 : GUNAKAN BENDA TUNGGAL DAN JAMAK DENGAN BENAR

Lihatlah kesalahan dan pembetulannya sebagai berikut :
On the table there were many dish On the table there were many dishes.
The lab assistant finished every tests The lab assistant finished every test
LATIHAN 39 : Temukan salahnya dan betulkan
a
The automotive shop stocked many part for the various types of Hondas
The salesclerk demonstrated various additional ways that the machine could be used
The unhappy man became more and more discouraged with each passing days

1
When the bill was defeated, the Senate immediately began work on a different bills
There were several boxes in the cupboard and each boxes contained
A dozen glasses
SKILL 40 : BEDAKAN KATA BENDA BISA DIHITUNG DAN KATA BENDA TIDAK
BISA DIHITUNG.
Lihat contoh salah dan pembetulannya berikut ini:
He has seen much foreign films He has seen many foreign films
He didnt have many fun at the movies He didnt have much fun at the movies
a
The police had few opportunities to catch the thief who had committed a large amount of
crimes
I have a few time; I cannot go now.
After the strike, the company dismissed much employees
59
There are much new items to purchase before leaving; and there is such a short amount
of time.
Because the bottom corner of the pocket was torn, much coins fell out.
SKILL 41 : KENALI BENTUK BENDA JAMAK TIDAK BERATURAN

Banyak kata benda dalam bahasa Inggris punya bentuk yang tidak beraturan. Dan ini bisa
bikin pusing. Kata benda seperti ini biasanya bentuk jamaknya tidak berakhiran s/es.
Different criteria were used to evaluate the performers
The data were taken from the latest research
Lihatlah tabel perubahan tuggal berikut ini:
PERUBAHAN
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Perubahan vokal
man
woman
foot
tooth
goose
mouse
men
women
feet
teeth
geese
mice
Ditambah en
child
ox
children
oxen
Sama bentuk
deer
fish
sheep
trout
deer
fish
sheep
trout
-is -es
analysis
axis
diagnoses
thesis
synthesis
hypothesis
analyses
axes
diagnoses
theses
syntheses
hypotheses
Berakhiran a
bacterium
curriculum
datum
criterion
bacteria
curricula
data
criteria
-us -i
fungus
alumnus
nucleus
stimulus
syllabus
fungi
alumni
nuclei
stimuli
syllabi
He went fishing and caught some fishes
The syllabus are being printed and will be handed out soon
Your hypotheses doesnt seem right
60

1
The diagnosis that he heard today were not very positive
He wants to know if the fungi has spread throughout the garden.
SKILL 42 : BEDAKAN ORANG DARI BENDA

Kata benda dalam bahasa Inggris mungkin dalam bentuk orang atau barang.
Lihat contoh-contoh salah di bawah ini :
Ralph Nader is an authorization in the field of consumer affairs.
(harusnya authority)
There are many job opportunities in accountant.
(harusnya accounting)
a
In the evening he relaxes in front of the fires and writes long poets
Service in the restaurant was slow because one cooker was absent.
She has received several awards for her research in engineer

1
She is unpopular as she tends to view critics as threats which annoy her a lot
The famous acting has appeared in more than fifty Broadway plays.
B.2.8 MASALAH DENGAN KATA GANTI

Kata ganti adalah seperti he, she atau it. Perhatikan bahwa kata ganti ini sesuai dengan
fungsinya dalam sebuah kalimat. Jadi, yang harus Anda lakukan (a) bedakan adalah jenisjenis kata ganti. Masih ingatkan Anda kapan Anda harus pakai : I, me, my, myself, mine?
SKILL 43 : BEDAKAN KATA GANTI SUBJEK DAN KATA GANTI OBJEK
61
Lihat contoh berikut :

Sally gave the book to John She gave it to him
a
Him and the girl are going shopping
The gift was intended for you and I.
Perhaps you would like to go to the seminar with they and their friends

1
I didnt know that you and she were working together in the project
You and her ought to return the books to the library because them are overdue
SKILL 44 : BEDAKAN POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE DAN PRONOUNS

Lihat contoh ini :
They lent me their book their adalah adjective
They lent me theirs theirs adalah pronoun
a
Each morning they read theirs newspapers
Were going to invite ours parents to the party
You need to bring yours own pencils.

1
She worked all day cooking food and making decorations for hers sons birthday party.
The weather in the mountains this weekend will be extremely cold, so please take yours
heavy jackets.
SKILL 45 : PERIKSA KESESUAIAN KATA GANTI

Setelah memeriksa kata ganti subjek, objek dan posesif, Anda juga harus memeriksa
masing-masing kata ganti dan kesesuaiannya.
Lihat contoh salah dan pemberulannya berikut ini :
The boys will cause trouble if you let him in. ((him seharusnya them)
62
If a person really wants to succeed, they must always work hard
If you see the students from the math class, could you return this exam paper to him?
Some friends and I went to see a movie and afterwards they wrote a summary about
them.

1
If you have a problem, you are welcome to discuss it with me before you try to resolve
them.
When children experience too much frustration, its behaviour ceases

to be integrated.
B.2.9 MASALAH DENGAN KATA SIFAT DAN KATA

KETERANGAN
Kata sifat umumnnya dibentuk dengan menambahkan ly pada kata sifat, dan ini mudah
dikenali. Misalnya ; recent recently, correct correctly.
Tapi ada pula kata keterangan yang tidak berakhirdan ly. Kata keterangan semacam ini bisa
dikenali dari artinya. Kata keterangan seperti itu menjelaskan KAPAN, BAGAIMANA atau
DIMANA sesuatu terjadi.
SKILL 46 : KENALI DASAR-DASAR KATA SIFAT DAN KATA KETERANGAN

DENGAN BAIK.
Lihat perbedaan dua kalimat ini (yang digarisbawahi adalah kata sifat, dan yang dicetak
miring adalah kata keterangan)
She is a beautiful woman
She is beautiful
She sings beautifully
a
The mother was pleasant surprised when her daughter came to visit
He was driving an expensively car
The car was not complete ready at 3:00

1
It was difficult to believe that what we read in the newspaper was a truly story.
The production manager quietly requested a complete report of the terribly incident.
SKILL 47 : GUNAKAN KATASIFAT SETELAH LINKING VERBS
63
Biasanya kata keterangan akan muncul langsung setelah kata kerja karena kata keterangan
menerangkan kata kerja. Contoh : She spoke nicely.
Tapi, hati-hati kalau kata kerjanya adalah linking verb. Linking verb diikuti oleh kata sifat.
Contoh : It looks good. It sounds nice.
Beberapa linking verb yang perlu Anda kenal : appear, feel, seem, be, look, smell, become,
prove, taste.
a
The parents seem angrily about the childs report card.
You must talk to him careful
After she drank the lemonade, the cake tasted too sweetly ro her

1
The history course that I took proved more difficultly than I had expected
Marla jumped up quick when she heard the gunshot and tried to find out
where they were from.
SKILL 48: TARUH KATA SIFAT DAN KATA KETERANGAN DI TEMPAT YANG
BENAR.
Lihatlah kesalahan di bawah ini.
The information important is on the first page
the important information is on the first page.
a
He has taken recently an English course
The store opened with a sale fantastic
The lawyer has selected carefully a new case

1
Following the failure of the first set of plans, the manager has altered subsequently them
My best friends wedding reception was held at a restaurant expensive

by the river
B.2.10 BEBERAPA MASALAH LAIN DENGAN KATA SIFAT
64
Masalah kata sifat lain lain yang membingungkan adalah adanya (a) kata sifat yang
memakai ly, kata sifat yang menggunakan ing dan ed dan kata sifat predikat.
SKILL 49: KENALI KATA SIFAT LY
Lihat contoh : The manager turned in his weekly report.
Inilah beberapa kata sifat dengan ly :
costly
early
friendly
kindly
likely
lively
lonely
manly
daily
hourly
monthly
nightly
quarterly
weekly
yearly
lovely
northerly
easterly
southerly
westerly

a
At the fashion show, the new seasonally fashions will be shown
The quarter reports need to be turned in at the next weekly meeting
She takes her daily medication on a regularly schedule

1
As he had gone bankrupt he was not able to pay his month bills.
She offered me some friendly advice about how to deal with the terribly problem.
SKILL : 50 : GUNAKAN KATA SIFAT PREDIKAT DENGAN BENAR

Beberapa kata sifat hanya dapat digunakan sebagai predikat dalam kalimat dan letaknya
adalah setelah linking verb seperti be. Contoh: The snake on the rock was alive.
Kata sifat predikat tidak bisa digunakan di depan kata benda yang diterangkan.
KATA SIFAT PREDIKAT
Kata sifat predikat
alike
alive
alone
afraid
asleep
Bentuk yang digunakan di depan kata benda

like, similar
live, living
lone
frightened
sleeping

a
Are you going to be lone in the house tonight?
All of the crash victims were living when they were found.
The afraid children cried for his mother.

1
My friend brought the alive monster to my house and expected me to cook it.
65
According to the report, the president was shot by an alone gunman.
SKILL 51: GUNAKAN KATA SIFAT BERAKHIRAN ED DAN ING

DENGAN BENAR.
Kata sifat berupa kerja berakhiran ing berarti kata benda yang diterangkan sedang
melakukan pekerjaan tersebut.
Contoh: The cleaning woman worked on the car.
Kata sifat bisa berupa kata kerja berakhiran ed, yang berarti kata benda yang diterangkan
menerima perlakuan seperti kata kerja yang disebutkan.
Contoh: The woman put the cleaned car back in the garage.
Kata sifat berupa kata kerja yang berakhiran ed dan ing
Tipe
-ing
makna
aktif
kegunaan
Kata benda melakukan pekerjaan yang
disebutkan
-ed
pasif
Kata benda menerima perlakuan seperti yang

disebutlan
Contoh
..the happily playing
children(The
children
play)
the frequently played
record(Someone plays
the record)

a
The teacher gave a quiz in the just completing lesson.
There is a fascinated movie at the theater tonight.
For lunch at the restaurant she ordered a mixing salad.

1
He cant afford to take long vacations to exotic places because he is a worked man.
I recently received several annoyed phone calls from the insurance agent.
B.2.11 MASALAH ARTIKEL

Belajar aturan-aturan mengenai artikel akan memudahkan kita dalam menggunakan artikel
dengan benar.
Ada dua macam artikel dalam bahasa Inggris: definite (spesifik) dan indefinite (umum).
Sedangkan tipe kata benda ada dua yaitu bisa dihitung (countable) dan tidak bisa dihitung
(uncountable). Kata benda yang bisa dihitung ada dua macam yaitu tunggal (singular) dan
jamak (plural)
ARTICLES
COUNTABLE
SINGULAR NOUNS
COUNTABLE
PLURAL NOUNS
UNCOUNTABLE
NOUNS

INDEFINITE a dollar
(General)
an apple
___ dollars
___ apples
___ money
___ juice
DEFINITE
(spesifik)
the dollars
the apples
the money
the juice
the dollar
the apple
66
SKILL 52: GUNAKAN ARTIKEL PADA KATA BENDA TUNGGAL DENGAN

BENAR
Kata benda tunggal selalu membutuhkan artikel (a, an, the) atau determiner (pembatas) lain
seperti my atau each. Contoh: I have a book.
Kata benda jamak atau kata benda yang tidak bisa dihitung kadang bisa menggunakan
artikel bisa tidak.
a
b
c
She is studying to be actress in films.

We have machinery that prints ten pages each minute.
The child and his friends are having a milk and cookies.

1
My neighbor was arrested for throwing rocks through a windows.
In my yard you can see flowers, trees, and a wooden benches.
SKILL 53: BEDAKAN A DAN AN

A digunakan pada kata benda yang berawalan huruf konsonan.
Contoh: a book, a car, a page, a blue book, a small tool.
An digunakan pada kata benda yang berawalan huruf hidup.
Contoh: an elephant, an orange, an unbelievable experience, an expensive program, etc.
Huruf u ketika diucapkan seperti huruf y diawali artikel a bukan an
Huruf h ketika tidak diucapkan maka diawali partikel an bukan a.
Contoh: a university, a unit, an honor, an hour, etc.
a
It is raining, so you should bring a umbrella.
An objection was raised because it was such a unacceptable idea.
The workers at the plant do not belong to an union.

1
It was a unexpected diappointment to receive a rejection letter from the university.
If you do not give me a hand, finishing the project on time will be a impossibility.
67
SKILL 54: SESUAIKAN ARTIKEL DENGAN KATA BENDA.

Kata benda jamak tidak pernah meggunakan artikel a atau an.
a
He went there with a friends.
He must contact a members of the club.
You will need a pen or pencil.

1
You must write a report of a subjects of your choice.
He could not give a good reasons for what he did.
SKILL 55: BEDAKAN HAL-HAL SPESIFIK DAN UMUM

HAL-HAL SPESIFIK DAN UMUM
ARTIKEL
MAKNA
A atau AN
Hal-hal umum
THE
Hal-hal spesifik
KEGUNAAN
Terdapat banyak benda tetapi Anda tidak tahu yang
mana dan Andapun tidak peduli akan hal tersebut.
Terdapat hanya satu benda itu atau terdapat banyak
benda dan Anda tahu yang mana bendanya.
Contoh:
He will arrive on the first Tuesday in July.
(There is only one first Tuesday in July.)
He will arrive on a Tuesday in July.
(He will arrive on one of four Tuesdays in July.)
a
He took a trip on a Batanghari River.
The ball hit a child on a head.
She was a most beautiful girl in the room.

1
The trip that I took last year to the Bahamas was an only vacation I had all year.
68
A basketball player threw the ball to a center of the court.
B.2.12 MASALAH KATA DEPAN (PREPOSISI)

Preposisi mempunyai dua makna yaitu makna literal dan makna idiom.
Perhatikan contoh berikut:
The boy ran up the hill.
(Preposisi up bermakna arah. Ini makna literal)
I call up my friend.
(Preposisi up adalah idiom yang mengikuti kata call. Call up berarti menelpon)
Dalam soal TOEFL, preposisi yang sering muncul adalah yang bermakna idiom.
Dalam soal TOEFL preposisi yang ditampilkan pada soal adalah tidak tepat atau
dihilangkan.
SKILL 56: KENALI KESALAHAN PENGGUNAAN PREPOSISI

Lihat contoh:
The game was called on because of the rain.
Call on berarti mengunjungi seseorang.
Call off berarti membatalkan.
Preposisi yang sesuai untuk kalimat tersebut adalah off.
a
I know I can rely in you to be here on time.
Walt has lost his keys, so he must look after them.
They left out their woolen jacket when the weather got warm.

1
I will have to consult with my attorney before making a decision.
I just dont approve at your cheating on the exam.
SKILL 57: KENALI PREPOSISI YANG DIHILANGKAN
69
Lihat contoh:
Can you wait me after the game?
Preposisi untuk kata wait yang seharusnya ada adalah for.
a
If you take this job, it will be necessary to deal other departments.
I know Steve believes what you told him.
Tom blamed his brother the dent in the car.

1
It was difficult to make a decision buying a house.
While Mrs. Simpson went shopping, a baby-sitter looked the children.
B.2.13 MASALAH PENGGUNAAN KATA

Beberapa kelompok kata dalam Bahasa Inggris penggunaannya sangat mirip sehingga
terkadang sangat membingungkan. Dalam soal TOEFL permasalahan yang acapkali muncul
adalah: (1) Penggunaan make dan do; (2) Penggunaan like, unlike, dan alike; dan (3)
Penggunaan other, another dan others.
SKILL 58: BEDAKAN MAKE DAN DO

Make berhubungan dengan membuat atau menciptakan hal-hal baru.
Contoh:
She likes to make her own clothes.
If you make a mistake, you should correct it.
Do berhubungan dengan mengerjakan atau menyelesaikan suatu pekerjaan.
Contoh:
The janitors did the work they were assigned.
You can do your laundry at the Laundromat.

a
No matter what jobs she has, she always makes her best.
It is comforting to think that your work can do a difference.
If you do a good impression at your job interview, you will get the job.
70
Up to World War II almost all important researches in Physics had been made in
universities, with only university funds for support.
His grade was not very good because he had not made his homework.
SKILL 59: BEDAKAN LIKE, ALIKE DAN UNLIKE

LIKE, ALIKE dan UNLIKE
Like
Alike
Like
Unlike
GRAMMAR
Kata sifat
Kata sifat
Preposisi
Preposisi
ARTI
Mirip
Mirip
Mirip
Berbeda
KEGUNAAN
Digunakan sebelum kata benda
Digunakan setelah linking verb
Diikuti objek dan bisa digunakan dalam berbagai posisi
termasuk di awal kalimat.
LATIHAN Temukan salahnya dan betulkan

a
The two routes you have chosen for the trip are like.
The science books this semester are alike the books used last semester.
Any further work done in alike fashion will be rejected.

1
Alike the restaurant where we usually eat, this new restaurant has early-bird
specials.
The insurance package offered by that company is exactly alike the package our
company offers.
SKILL 60: BEDAKAN OTHER, ANOTHER DAN OTHERS

Untuk menggunakan other, another dan others dengan benar perhatikan tiga hal:
(1) Apakah kata benda tersebut tunggal atau jamak.
(2) Apakah kata benda tersebut definite (the) atau indefinite (a,an).
(3) Apakah kata itu kata sifat atau kata ganti.
INDEFINITE
DEFINITE
TUNGGAL
I have another book. (kata sifat)
I have another. (kata ganti)
I have the other book. (kata sifat)
I have the other. (kata ganti)
JAMAK
I have other books. (kata sifat)
I have others. (kata ganti)
I have the other books. (kata sifat)
I have the others. (kata ganti)

a
It is essential to complete the first program before working on other.
It is difficult to find others workers who are willing to work such long hours.
As some students moved into the registration area, another took their places in line.

1
Because they were not pleased with the hotel accommodations last year, they
have decided to try a other hotel this year.
Pittsburgh has reduced is smog by requiring more complete oxidation of fuel in

cars, and others cities can do the same thing.
Latihan Structure and Written Expression
71
72
LATIHAN STRUCTURE TEST

Latihan Structure 1 (Skill 1 12)
1
______ loom high above the northern

and northeastern boundaries of the
expanding city of Tucson
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The Santa Catalina mountains

Because the Santa Catalina
mountains
The Santa Catalina mountains
are
That the Santa Catalina
mountains
Many companies across the country

have molded the concepts ____
describes into an integrated strategy for
preventing stress
(A)
(B)
and Wolf
that Wolf
(C)
what Wolf
(D)
so Wolf
Radioactive ____ provides a powerful

way to measure geologic time
(A) it
(B) date
(C) dating
(D) can
____ in the first draft of the budget will

not necessarily be in the final draft
(A) Although it appears
(B) It appears
(C) What appears
(D) Despite its appearance
____ contained in the chromosomes,

and they are thought of as the units of
heredity
(A) Genes which are
(B) Genes are
(C) When genes
(D) Because of genes
If a food label indicates that a food is

mostly carbohydrate, it does not mean
____ is a good food to eat
(A) and it
(B) and
(C) ahat it
(D) when
The benefit _____ the study is that it

provides necessary information to
anyone who needs it
A need for space law to include

commercial concerns has been
recognized inasmuch ____ been
expanding drastically in recent years
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
of
which
that
because
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The same symptoms that occur ___

occur with cocaine
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
amphetamines can
with amphetamines
so amphetamines
with amphetamines they
Latihan Structure 2 (Skill 1 19)
the commercial launch industry

the commercial launch industry has
as has the commercial launch
industry
as the commercial launch industry
has
10 The report on the nuclear power plant

indicated that when the plant gone on
line _____ unsafe
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
and it had been

it had been
had been
that it had been

1
____ variety of flowers in the show,

from simple carnations to the most
exquisite roses.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
5
Of the 1,800 poems

There were 1,800 poems
Because the 1.800 poems
The 1,800 poems
Since an immediate change was

needed on an emergency basis,____
by the governor to curtail railway
expenditure.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
so it was proposed
was proposed
because of the proposal
it was proposed
Latihan Structure 3 (Skills 1 23)
the government had been

if the government had been
had the government been
if the government
The Dewey Decimal System, currently

used in libraries throughout the world,
_____ all written works into ten classes
according to subject
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
a collection is
in a collection
is a collection
which is a collection
Some fishing fleets might not have been

so inefficient in limiting their catch to
target species _____ more strict in
enforcing penalties.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
His company is
His companies
The company
Why the company is
____ that Emily Dickinson wrote, 24

were given titles and 7 were published
during her lifetime.
In the Morgan Library in New York

City______ of medieval and
Renaissance manuscripts
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
they are on a
are on a
are they on a
an a
____ producing many new movies for

release after the new season begins,
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
4
A wide
There was a wide
Was there
Many
The wedges ____ dart board are worth

from one to twenty points each.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
73
dividing
divides
it would divide
was divided
Individual differences in brain-wave

activity may shed light on why some
people are more prone to emotional
stress disorders ____
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
that others are

and others are
others are
than are others
10 _______ squeezed, the orange juice in a

one-cup serving provides twice the
minimum daily requirement for vitamin C.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
It is freshly
If freshly
You freshly
If it freshly

1
____ several unsuccessful attempts,

Robert Peary reached the North Pole
on April 6, 1909.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
After
Her made
When
His
The musical instrument ____ is six feet

long.
(A)
(B)
is called the bass

it is called the bass
(C)
(D)
called the bass

calls the bass
____ of economic cycles been helpful in

predicting turning points in cycles, they
would have been used more consistently.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
74
Psychological theories
Psychological theories have
Had psychological theories
Psychologists have theories
Hospital committees____ spent weeks

agonizing over which artificial kidney
candidate would receive the treatments
now find that the decision in out of their
hands.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
once
that once
have
once had
One problem with all languages____

they are full of irregularities.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
When
So
Is that
In case
Latihan Structure 4 (Skills 24 - 26)

1
Trumans Capotes In Cold Blood is

neither journalistically accurate ____
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
a piece of fiction
nor a fictitious work
or written in a fictitious way
nor completely fictitious
Vitamin C is necessary for the

prevention and ______ of scurvy.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
it cures
cures
cure
for curing
Latihan Structure 5 (Skills 1 51)
A babys development is influenced by

both heredity and ____
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
by environmental factors
environmentally
the influence of the environment
environment
Because bone loss occurs earlier in

women than ______, the effects of
osteoporosis are more apparent in women
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
men do
in men
as men
similar to men

1
During the early nineteenth century,

the Spanish missions to Alta, California
____ to be an integral part of the
economy and productive capacity of
the region
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
proved
they proved
they proved it
proved it
Still other hurdles remain before ____

suitable for private cars
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The daughters of Joseph LaFlesche

were born into the generation of
Omaha forced to abandon tribal
traditions, ____ on the reservations,
and to adapt to the white mans ways.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
fuel cells
become
fuels cells become
that fuel cells become
75
they matured
to mature
maturing
to maturity
Among the most revealing aspects of

mining towns _____ their paucity of
public open space
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
was
were
it was
so
LATIHAN WRITTEN EXPRESSION TEST

Latihan Written Expression 1 (Skills 1 29)
1
Protein molecules are the most complex than the molecules of carbohydrates.
A
B
C
D
The leek, a member of the lily family, has a mildest taste than the onion
A
B
C
D
The widely used natural fiber of all is cotton

A
B
C
D
The coyote is somewhat smaller in size than a timber wolf

A
B
C D
The weather reports all showed that there were a tremendous storm front moving in
A
B
C
D
Seldom cactus plants are found outside of North America

A
B
C
D
In a basketball game a player what is fouled receives one or two free throws
A
B
C
D
Until recently, California was largest producer of oranges in the United States.
A
B
C
D
An understanding of engineering theories and problems are impossible until basic

A
B
76
arithmetic is fully mastered.

C
D.
10
The earliest the CVS (chorionic villus sampling) procedure in the pregnancy, the greater
A B
C
the risk to the baby
D

1
Alice in Wonderland, first published in 1865, has since being translated into thirty
A
B
C
D
Languages
The Peace Corps was establish on March 1, 1961, by then President John F. Kennedy.
A
B
C
D
The advisor told himself, while listening to the speech, that a dozen other reporters
A
B
would has already asked that question.
C
D
At the start of the American Revolution, lanterns were hung in the Old North Church as
A
B
C
a signal that the British were came.
D
Linus Pauiling has wins two Nobel Prizes : the 1954 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and the
A B
C
D
1962 Nobel Peace Prize.
On the huge Ferris wheel constructed for a world exhibition in Chicago in 1893,
A
B
each of the thirty-six cabs could held sixty people.
C
D
To overcome rejection of a skin graft, as system for matching donor and recipient
A
B
C
tissue has be developed.
D
Nails are commonly make of steel but also can contain substances such as aluminum
A
B
C
D
Or brass
A patient suffering from amnesia may had partial or total loss of memory.
A
B
C
D
10
The idea of using pure nicotine to help smokers stop was first tries in the mid-1980s
A
B
C
D
with nicotine-laced chewing gum.
77
In several of his paintings, Edward Hicks depicted the Quaker farm in Pennsylvania
A
where he spends his youth
B
C D
Florida has become the twenty-seventh state in the United State on March 3, 1845
A
B
C
D
After last weeks meeting, the advertising department quickly realized that the product
A
B
will need a new slogan
C D
John F. Kennedys grandfather, John F. Fitzgerald, serves two terms as the mayor of
A
B
C
Boston in the beginning of the twentieth century
D
Fort Ticonderoga, a strategically important fortification during the Revolution, had since
A
been reconstructed and turned into a museum.
B
C
D
In making their calculations, Institute researches assume that the least costly from of
A
B
energy would be used
C
D
A twenty-one-year- old man became the second casualty yesterday when he loses
A
B
C
control of his truck.
D
Most people had written with quill pens until pens with metal points become popular in
A
B
C
D
the middle of the nineteenth century.
In a determined drive to pare its debt, Time Warner is launching a stock offering plan
A
B
C
that would potentially raise $ 2.8 billion
D
10
The formula used in the study calls for either peroxide or metaldehyde, but metaldehyde
A
B
C
was not alwaysvailable
D
78
As a compilation of useful details, a weekly magazine commends itself in several respect

A
B
C
D
Through aquaculture, or fish farming, more than 500 million tons of fish are produced
A
B
C
each years
D
The legal system has much safeguards to protect the right of a defendant to an impartial
A
B
C
jury
D
The mystery bookstore was largely a phenomena of the last decade

A B
C
D
The song of Hiawatha, by Longfellow, tells the story of the Indian heroism who married
A
B
C
D
Minehaha.
Uranus is the seventh planets from the Sun.

A B
C
D
The sycamore has broad leaves with a large amount of pointed teeth
A
B
C
D
The first of two such investigation requires the student to read continuously over a period
A
B
C
of four hours
D
A quantitative analysis, using both the computer and quantitative techniques, are used
A
B
C
to optimize financial decisions
D
10
To enter the FBI National Academy, an application must be between the ages of twentyA
B
C
D
three and thirty-four
79
In the appendix at the end of the chapter are the instructions to be used for the
A
B
C
completion correct of the form
D
Used sound that varies not only in time but in space, whales at close range may
A
B
C
communicate with sonarlike picture.
D
The 1898 Trans-Mississippi International Exposition has the distinction of being the last
A
B
major fair which held during the Victorian period.
C
D
Operas can be broadly classified as either comedies or they are tragedies.

A
B
C
D
Tungsten has the highest melting point of all metals, and for this reason it is often use in
A
B
equipment that must withstand high temperatures.
C
D
Whereas there are forty-three ant species in Great Britain, the same amount of ant
A
B
C
species can be found in a single tree in Peru
D
People voice theirs opinions first in small groups or among friends and acquaintances.
A
B
C
D
Inside the Lincoln Memorial is a large statue of Lincoln make from white marble.
A
B
C
D
Detailed photometric data of the area just north or Tritons equatorial region indicate the
A
B
existence of a thin, transparent layers of frost.
C
D
10
U.S census figures indicate that people with only an elementary education can earn
A
B
just half as much as college graduations.
C
D
C. Reading
80
Reading adalah bagian ketiga pada TOEFL. Bagian ini terdiri atas beberapa teks yang diikuti
oleh sejumlah pertanyaan.
C.1 Strategi Umum Reading Comprehension

1
Biasakan diri dengan perintah. Perintah pada setiap tes TOEFL selalu sama, jadi tak
perlu Anda habiskan waktu untuk membaca perintah. Pahami perintahnya sebelum
Anda ikut tes.
Jangan habiskan terlalu banyak waktu untuk membaca teks. Anda tak punya
banyak waktu untuk membaca teks secara mendalam, dan soal-soal bisa dijawab
dengan benar tanpa harus membaca teks secara mendalam.
Jangan kuatir kalau teks bacaan menyajikan topik yang Anda kurang kenal.
Semua informasi yang Anda perlukan untuk menjawab soal sudah tercantum di dalam
teks. Anda tidak memerlukan latar belakang pengetahuan tersebut untuk menjawab
soal.
Jangan terlalu banyak menghabiskan waktu untuk pertanyaan yang Anda tidak
yakin. Jika Anda tidak tahu jawabannya, cukup tebak saja. Nanti kalau ada waktu, Anda
masih bisa balik lagi ke nomor tersebut.
Tebaklah jawaban untuk melengkapi seksi ini sebelum waktunya habis. Karena
bagian ini bersifat linear, seksi ini akan meningkatkan skor Anda bila Anda bisa
memberikan tebakan benar
C. 2 STRATEGI MENJAWAB SOAL READING

C.2.1 SOAL-SOAL YANG BERKAITAN DENGAN POKOK BAHASAN
DALAM TEKS
Untuk pertanyaan jenis ini yang sering muncul adalah soal tentang pokok bahasan utama,
topik, judul dan subjek. Ada juga pertanyaan yang menyangkut bagaimana informasi dalam
teks disajikan atau jenis informasi apa yang tercakup di dalam satu paragraph tertentu.
SKILL 1 : JAWAB SOAL POKOK BAHASAN UTAMA DENGAN BENAR

Pokok Bahasan utama biasanya mudah diketahui dengan cara mempelajari kalimat-kalimat
topik, yang biasanya muncul pada bagian awal dari masing-masing paragraph.
Perhatikan tabel ringkasan berikut ini yang bisa Anda gunakan untuk menyiasati skill ini.
81
SOAL POKOK BAHASAN UTAMA

CONTOH
PERTANYAANNYA
What is the topic of the passage?

What is the subject of the text? etc
DIMANA JAWABAN BISA

DITEMUKAN
Jawaban atas pertanyaan jenis ini biasanya bisa ditentukan

dengan cara melihat kalimat pertama pada masing-masing
paragraph.
BAGAIMANA CARA
MENJAWAB SOAL
1. Baca baris pertama masing-masing paragraph.

2. Cari tema atau pokok umum pada baris pertama
3. Lihat sekilas sisa dari teks untuk memeriksa apakah Anda
benar-benar telah mendapatkan kalimat topiknya
4. Buang jawaban-jawaban yang salah dan pilih jawaban terbaik
dari jawaban yang tersisa.
SKILL 2 : KENALI ORGANISASI POKOK BAHASAN

Dalam hal ini, Anda harus menentukan bagaimana pokok-pokok bahasan dalam satu
paragraf saling berkaitan.
ORGANISASI POKOK BAHASAN
CONTOH
PERTANYAANNYA
How is the information in this paragraph organized?

How is the information in the second paragraph related to the
information in the first paragraph?
DIMANA JAWABAN BISA

DITEMUKAN
Jawaban atas soal pertayaan jenis ini biasaya bisa ditentukan

dengan melihat bagian pertama dari kalimat pargarp yang
sesuai.
BAGAIMANA CARA
MENJAWAB SOAL
1. Bacalah baris pertama masing-masing paragraph

2. Carilah kata-kata yang menunjukkan hubungan antar
paragraph.
3. Pilihlah jawaban yang paling mencerminkan hubungan antar
paragraf itu.
C.2.2
SOAL-SOAL DENGAN JAWABAN LANGSUNG
Banyak soal dalam bagian Reading ini yang meminta jawaban yang sebenarnya sudah
tersedia pada teksnya. Jawaban seperti ini biasanya : (a) soal-soal yang mengandung detail
tersurat, (2) soal dengan jawaban yang tersirat dan (c) soal-soal yang bekaitan dengan
pronoun.
SKILL 3 : JAWABLAH SOAL-SOAL DETAIL TERSURAT DENGAN BAIK

Soal yang meminta jawaban tersurat harus dijawab dengan sepenggal informasi dalam teks
dan bukannya dari pemahaman teks secara keseluruhan. Lihatlah tabel cara menyiasati soal
semacam ini.
82
SOAL-SOAL DETAIL TERSURAT

CONTOH
PERTANYAANNYA
According to the passage.

It is stated in the passage .
The passage indicates that
Which of the following is true .?
DIMANA JAWABAN BISA

DITEMUKAN
Jawaban biasanya ada sesuai dengan urutan paragrafnya.
BAGAIMANA CARA
MENJAWAB SOAL
1. Pilih satu kata kunci dari soal pertanyaan

2. Carilah bagian dari teks yang memiliki kata kunci atau pokok
bahasan itu
3. Bacalah kalimat yang mengandung kata kunci atau pokok
bahasan dengan hati-hati.
SKILL 4 : TEMUKAN DETAIL TIDAK TERSEMBUNYI

Detail tersembunyi adalah jawaban yang tidak tertuliskan atau tidak disebutkan di dalam
teks. Biasanya dalam soal seperti ini, ada tiga jawaban benar dan satu jawaban yang tidak
disebutkan di dalam teks
SOAL-SOAL DETAIL TERSEMBUNYI
CONTOH
PERTANYAANNYA
Which of the following is not stated?

Which of the following is not mentioned?
Which of the following is not discussed?
All of the following are true except
DIMANA JAWABAN BISA

DITEMUKAN
Jawabannya ada di dalam paragraph.
BAGAIMANA CARA
MENJAWAB SOAL
1. Pilih satu kata kunci di dalam soal

2. Cari lokasi yang tepat di dalam paragraf yang berisi pokok
bahasan.
3. Bacalah kalimat yang mengandung kata kunci atau pokok
bahasan.
4
Carilah jawaban yang tidak betul, tidak disebutkan, tidak

dinyatakan
83
SKILL 5 : TEMUKAN KAITAN PRONOUN

Kaitan pronoun adalah kata benda tertentu yang kemudian diwakili oleh kata ganti. Kata
ganti itu sendiri biasanya dalah it atau they.
CONTOH
PERTANYAANNYA
KAITAN PRONOUN
The word X refers to..
DIMANA JAWABAN BISA

DITEMUKAN
Pronoun yang dimaksud akan ditebali dalam teks. Kata benda

yang direferensikan biasanya bisa ditemukan sebelum pronoun
itu sendiri.
BAGAIMANA CARA
MENJAWAB SOAL
1. Cari pronoun dalam teks

2. Carilah kata-kata benda sebelum pronouns yang sesuai
dengan pronounnya.
3. Coba masing-masing kata benda dalam konteks sebagai
pronoun
4. Buang jawaban-jawaban yang salah dan pilihan jawaban
yang benar dari sisa pilihan yang ada.
C.2.3 SOAL-SOAL DENGAN JAWABAN TAK LANGSUNG

Ada beberapa soal dalam TOEFL yang menanyakan hal-hal yang tidak tertulis secara
langsung pada teks. Untuk menjawab jenis soal seperti ini, Anda harus menarik
kesimpulandari informasi yang ada dalam teks. Dua jenis soal jawaban tak langsung yang
biasa muncul adalah : (1) pertanyaan detail tersirat dan (2) pertanyaan transisi.
SKILL 6 : SOAL DETAIL TERSIRAT

Anda akan diminta menjawab soal pilihan berganda dari satu bacaan dengan cara menarik
kesimpulan dari satu detail tertentu dalam teks. Perhatikan cara-cara menyiasati soal di
bawah ini.
SOAL-SOAL DETAIL TERSIRAT
CONTOH
PERTANYAANNYA
It is implied in the passage that

It ca be inferred from the passage that ..
It most likely that
What probably happened .?
DIMANA JAWABAN BISA

DITEMUKAN
Jawaban atas pertanyaan ini biasanya sesuai dengan urutan

paragraf
BAGAIMANA CARA
MENJAWAB SOAL
1. Pilih satu kata kunci dari soal

2. Baca cepat teks untuk menemukan kata kunci (atau pokok
yang berkaitan)
3. Bacalah dengan baik kalimat-kalimat yang berisi kata kunci
4. Carilah jawaban yang mungkin benar, sesuai dengan kalimat
itu.
84
SKILL 7 : JAWABLAH SOAL-SOAL TRANSISI DENGAN BAIK.

Paragraf demi paragraf dalam satu teks yang baik biasanya dihubungkan dengan sebuah
transisi yang. Soal transisi mempertanyakan hal-hal yang sebelumnya atau hal-hal yang
sesudahnya.
SOAL-SOAL TRANSISI
CONTOH
PERTANYAANNYA
The paragraph preceding the passage probably

What is most likely in the paragraph following the passage? .
DIMANA JAWABAN BISA

DITEMUKAN
Jawaban biasanya ada pada baris pertama paragrap untuk

pertanyaan yang preceeding (yang mendahului); sedangkan
yang following (mengikuti) jawabanya ada pada baris terakhir
dari satu paragraf.
BAGAIMANA CARA
MENJAWAB SOAL
1. Bacalah baris pertama untuk soal yang berbunyi

preceeding
2. Bacalah baris terakhir untuk soal yang berbunyi following)
3. Tarik kesimpulan tentang apa yang akan muncul sebelum
atau sesudah
4. Pilih jawaban yang diceminkan pada baris pertama atau
baris akhir dari satu paragraf.
C.2.4 MASALAH KOSA KATA

Untuk menjawab soal-soal vocabulary dengan baik, Anda harus memahami artian dari
masing-masing vocabulary yang dimaksud. Namun, bisa juga jawaban itu ditempuh dengan
coba-coba menemukan makna kata berdasarkan petunjuk struktur yang ada, yakni dengan
cara (a) menemukan definisi berdasarkan petunjuk struktur, (b) menentukan makna dari
bagian-bagian kata, dan (c) menggunakan petunjuk konteks.
SKILL 8 : CARI DEFINISI DARI PETUNJUK STRUKTUR.

Lihat cara-cara menyiasatinya melalui tabel di bawah ini :
PETUNJUK STRUKTURAL
CONTOH
PERTANYAANNYA
What is the meaning of X in line Y?

The word X in line Y is closest in meaning to.?
The word X in line Y could best be replaced by
Look at the word X in paragraph Y. Click on another word that is
close in meaning to X .
Click on the word in paragraph Y that could best be replaced
by
JENIS-JENIS
PETUNJUK
Tanda baca : koma, tanda kurung, garis datar

Perulangan : or, that, in other words, dll
Contoh
: such as, for example, e.g.
DIMANA JAWABAN BISA

DITEMUKAN
Biasanya jawaban ada bersamaan dengan petunjuk-petunjuk di

atas.

BAGAIMANA CARA
MENJAWAB SOAL
1.
2.
3.
4.
85
Cari kata dalam teks

Temukan adanya petunjuk-petunjuk struktural
Baca bagian dari sesudah petunjuk structural
Singkirkan jawaban-jawaban yang salah dan pilihlah
jawaban terbaik dari sisa pilihan yang ada
SKILL 9: TENTUKAN MAKNA KATA DARI BAGIAN-BAGIAN KATA

Kalau ditanya tentang arti satu kata panjang yang Anda tidak tahu, Anda bisa menentukan
arti kata tersebut dengan mengamati bagian-bagian katanya.
Lihat kata ini daftar singkat bagian-bagian kata berikut ini
BAGIAN
MAKNA
CONTOH
ContraMalMisSubDecMultiTri-
(berlawanan)
(buruk)
(salah)
(di bawah)
(sepuluh)
(banyak)
(tiga)
Contrast (kontras)
Malnutrition (gizi buruk)
Mistake (salah, kesalahan)
Subway (kereta bawah tanah)
Decade (dekade)
Multiple (ganda)
Triple (lipat tiga)
SKILL 10 : GUNAKAN KONTEKS UNTUK MENENTUKAN MAKNA KATA-KATA

SULIT.
Biasanya satu kata yang sulit akan pula dijelaskan pada kalimat yang ada di sekitar kata itu.
Lihat contoh kalimat ini :
In a government election, the incumbent generally has strong advantage over a
newcomer. A person who is already in office and thus has a certain degree of prominence
has a better chance .
Kata incumbent dijelaskan dengan kata yang digarisbawahi,
SOAL-SOAL YANG BERISI KATA-KATA SULIT
CONTOH
PERTANYAANNYA
What is the meaning of X in line Y?

The word X in line Y is closest in meaning to.?
Find a word in paragraph Y that could best be replaced by
DIMANA JAWABAN BISA

DITEMUKAN
Informasi untuk membantu Anda memahami makna dari satu

kata yang tidak Anda kenal bisa didapatkan dari kata-kata yang
ada di sekitar kata itu.
BAGAIMANA CARA
MENJAWAB SOAL
1. Cari kata tersebut dalam teks

2. Baca kalimat yang berisi kata itu baik-baik
3. Cari adanya petunjuk konteks untuk membantu memahami
makna
4. Pilih jawaban yang didukung oleh konteks.
86
SKILL 11 : GUNAKAN KONTEKS UNTUK MENENTUKAN ARTI DARI KATAKATA SEDERHANA.

Kata-kata sederhana bisa muncul sebagai ujian kosa kata, hanya saja artinya tidak selalu
arti sehari-hari atau yang sering kita jumpa, melainkan arti kedua. Contoh, kata steps; bisa
berarti stairs , tetapi, arti sekundernya bisa saja actions
SOAL-SOAL KOSA KATA YANG BERISI KATA-KATA SEDERHANA
CONTOH
PERTANYAANNYA
What is the meaning of X in line Y .

The word X in line Y could best be replaced by
Look at the word X in paragraph Y. Find another word that is
close in meaning to X .
Find the word in paragraph Y that could best be replaced by ..
DIMANA JAWABAN BISA

DITEMUKAN
Informasi untuk membantu Anda memahami arti sekunder dari

satu kata sederhana seringkali terdapat pada konteks yang di
sekitarnya.
BAGAIMANA CARA
MENJAWAB SOAL
1. Cari kata tersebut dalam teks

2. Baca kalimat yang berisi kata itu baik-baik
3. Cari adanya petunjuk konteks untuk membantu memahami
makna
4. Pilih jawaban yang didukung oleh konteks.
C.2.5 SOAL-SOAL TINJAUAN UMUM

Seringkali dalam bagian Reading, soalnya mempertanyakan kandungan keseluruhan teks
dan bukannya menanyakan detail-detail. Soal seperti ini biasanya dihadirkan dalam bentuk
penyisipan.
SKILL 12 : TENTUKAN DI MANA INFORMASI KHUSUS DITEMUKAN

Kadang-kadang pertanyaan terakhir yang mengikuti teks bacaan akan meminta Anda untuk
klik informasi khusus yang ada dalam teks. Lihat tabel berikut yang bisa digunakan untuk
menyiasati soal seperti ini:
SOAL-SOAL DI MANA INFORMASI KHUSUS
CONTOH
PERTANYAANNYA
DIMANA JAWABAN BISA
DITEMUKAN
Which sentence indicates that.
BAGAIMANA CARA
MENJAWAB SOAL
1. Pilih kata kunci atau pokok bahasan dalam soal pertanyaan

2. Cari dengan cepat bagian dari teks yang menampilkan kata
kunci atau paragraf.
3. Pilih jawaban yang mengandung kata kunci atau pokok
bahasan
Jawabannya ada pada salah satu kalimat pada paragrap yang

ada di dalam pertanyaan.
87
SKILL 13 : TENTUKAN TONE (SUASANA), PURPOSE (TUJUAN) atau

COURSE (BIDANG).
(a) Tone (suasana) adalah bagaimana emosi yang terkandung dalam bacaan itu. Tone
dalam bacaan seperti ini biasanya adalah : penuh informasi, factual dan bersifat
menjelaskan, (b) purpose adalah tujuan penulis menyajikan tulisan tersebut, sedangkan (c)
Course adalah bidang bahasan.
TONE, PURPOSE, COURSE
CONTOH
PERTANYAANNYA
What is the tone of the passage?

What is the authors purpose in this passage?
In which course would this reading be assigned?
DIMANA JAWABAN BISA

DITEMUKAN
TONE : Cari petunjuk emosi penulis

PURPOSE : Cari kesimpulan melalui pokok bahasan
COURSE : Lihat topiknya dan pokok bahasannya
BAGAIMANA CARA
MENJAWAB SOAL
1. TONE : Cari petunjuk yang mengungkapkan emosi penulis

2. PURPOSE : Cari detail yang mendukung pokok bahasan
3. COURSE : Tarik kesimpulan tentang bidang tersebut.
88
Latihan Reading
LATIHAN READING 1 (Skills 1 2 )
PASSAGE ONE ( QUESTION 1 2)
Lin
e
(5)
Common types of calendars can be based on the Sun or the Moon. The solar
calendar is based on the solar year. Since the solar year is 365.2422 days long, solar
calendars consist of regular years of 365 days and have an extra day every fourth
year, or leap year, to make up for the additional fractional amount. In a solar calendar,
the waxing and waning of the Moon can take place at various stages each month.
The lunar calendar is synchronized to the lunar month rather than the solar year.
Since the lunar month is twenty-nine and a half days long, most lunar calendars have
alternating months of twenty-nine and thirty days. A twelve-month lunar year thus has
354 days, 11 days shorter than a solar year.
What is the main idea of the passage?
How is the information in the passage

organized?
(A)
All calendars are the same
(A)
(B)
The solar calendar is based on the

Sun
Different calendars have similar
bases
The lunar month is twenty-nine and
a half days long
(B)
(C)
(D)
(C)
(D)
Characteristics of the solar

calendar are outlined.
Two types of calendars are
described
The strengths and weakness of
the lunar calendar are described
The length of each existing
calendar is contrasted.
PASSAGE TWO ( Questions 3 4)
Lin
e
(5)
Lin
e
(10)
Lin
e
(15)
Vaccines are prepared from harmful viruses or bacteria and administered to patients
to provide immunity to specific diseases. The various types of vaccines are classified
according to the method to which they are derived.
The most basic class of vaccines actually contains disease-causing microorganism
that have been killed with a solution containing formaldehyde. In this type of vaccine,
the microorganisms are dead and therefore cannot cause disease: however, the
antigens found in and on the microorganism can still stimulate the formation of
antibodies. Examples of this type of vaccine are the ones that fight influenza, typhoid
fever and cholera.
The second type of vaccine contains the toxins produced by the microorganisms
rather than the microorganisms themselves. This type of vaccine is prepared when the
microorganism itself does little damage but the toxin within the microorganism is
extremely harmful. For example, the bacteria that cause diphteria can thrive in the
throat without much harm, but when the toxins are released from the bacteria, muscles
can become paralyzed and death can ensue.
A final type of vaccine contains living microorganism that have been rendered
harmless. With this type of vaccine, a large number of antigen molecules are produced
and the immunity that results is generally longer lasting than the immunity from other
type of vaccines. The Sabin oral antipolio vaccine and the BCG vaccine against
tuberculosis are examples of this type of vaccine

3
Which of the following expresses the

main idea of the passage?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Vaccines provide immunity to

specific diseases.
Vaccines contain diseasecausing microorganisms.
Vaccines are derived in
different ways
New approaches in
administering vaccines are
being developed.
89
How many types of vaccines are

presented in the passage?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Two
Three
Four
Five
PASSAGE THREE ( Questions 5 6)
Lin
e
(5)
Lin
e
(10)
5.
A hoax, unlike an honest error, is a deliberately-concocted plan to present an

untruth as the truth. It can take the form of a fraud, a swindle, or a forgery, and can be
accomplished in almost every field: successful hoaxes have been foisted on the public
in fields as varied as politics, religion, science, art, and literature.
A famous scientific hoax occurred in 1912 when Charles Dawson claimed to have
uncovered a human skull and jawbone on the Piltdown Common in Southern England.
These human remains were said to be more than 500,000 years old and were unlikely
any other remains from that period; as such they represented an important discovery
in the study of human evolution. These remains, popularly known as the Piltdown Man
and scientifically named Eoanthropus dawsoni after their discoverer, confounded
scientists for several decades.
It took more than forty years for the hoax to be uncovered. In 1953, a chemical
analysis was used to date the bones, and it was found that the bones were modern
bones that had been skillfully aged. A further twist to the hoax was that the skull
belonged to a human and the jaws to an orangutan
The topic of this passage could best
be described as
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The Piltdown Man

Charles Dawsons discovery
Eoanthropus dawsoni
a definition and example of a
hoax
6
.
The authors main point is that

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
various types of hoaxes have

been perpetrated
Charles Dawson discovered a
human skull and jaws.
Charles Dawson was not an
honest man
the human skull and jawbone
were extremely old
LATIHAN READING 2 (Skill 3)

PASSAGE ONE ( Questions 1 3)
Lin
e
(5)
Ice ages, those periods when ice covered extensive area of the Earth, are known to
haveoccurred at least six times. Past ice ages can be recognized from rock strata that
show evidence of foreign materials deposited by moving walls of ice or melting
glaciers. Ice ages can also be recognized from land formations that have been
produced from moving walls of ice, such a U-shaped valleys, sculptures landscapes,
and polished rock faces.

1
According to the passage, what

happens during an ice age?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Rock strata are recognized by

geologists
Evidence of foreign materials is
found.
Ice covers a large portion of the
Earths surface
Ice melts six times
90
According o the passage, what in the

rock strata is a clue to geologists of a
past age?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Ice
Melting glaciers
U-shaped valleys
Substances from other areas
The passage covers how many

different methods of recognizing past
ice ages?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
One
Two
Three
Four
PASSAGE TWO (Questions 4 and 5)
Lin
e
(5)
The human heart is divided into four chambers, each of which serves its own
function in the cycle of pumping blood. The atria are thin-walled upper chamber that
gather blood as it flows from the veins between heartbeats. The ventricles are the
thick-walled lower chambers that receive blood from the atria and push it into the
arteries which each contraction of the heart. The left atrium and the ventricle work
separately from those on the right. The role of the chambers on the right side of the
heart is to receive oxygen-depleted blood from the body tissue and send it on to the
lungs; the chambers on the left side of the heart then receive the oxygen-enriched
blood from the lungs and send it back out to the body tissue.
The passage indicates that the
ventricles
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
have relatively thin wall

send blood to the atria
are above the atria
force blood into the arteries
According to the passage, when is blood

pushed into the arteries from the
ventricles?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
As the heart beats

Between heartbeats
Before each contraction of the
heart
Before it is received by the atria

PASSAGE ONE (Questions 1 2)
Lin
e
(5)
Blood plasma is a clear, almost colorless liquid. It consists of blood from which the
red and white blood cells have been removed. It is often used in transfusions because
a patient generally needs plasma portion of the blood more than the other
components.
Plasma differs in several important ways from whole blood. First of all, plasma can
be mixed for all donors and does not have to be from the right blood group, as whole
blood does. In addition, plasma can be dried and stored, while whole blood cannot.
All of the following are true about blood

plasma EXCEPT that
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
it is a deeply colored liquid

blood cells have been taken out
of it
patients are often transfused
with it
it is generally more important to
the patients than other parts of
whole blood
91
Which of the following is NOT stated

about blood?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
It is different from plasma

It cannot be dried
It is impossible to keep it
in storage for a long time.
It is a clear, colorless liquid
PASSAGE TWO (Questions 3 4)
Lin
e
(5)
Lin
e
(10)
3
Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman was an American journalist at the turn of the century
who wrote for the newspaper New York under the pen name, Nellie Bly, a name which
was taken from the Stephen Foster Nelly Bly. She achieved fame for her exposes and
in particular for the bold and adventuresome way that she obtained her stories.
She felt that the best way to get the real story was from the inside rather than an
outside observer who could be treated to a prettified version of reality. On one
occasion she pretended to be a thief so that she would get arrested and see for herself
how female prisoners were really treated. On another occasion she faked mental
illness in order to be admitted to a mental hospital to get the real picture on the
treatment of mental patients.
Which of the following is NOT true

about Nellie Bly?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Nellie Blys real name was

Elizabeth Cochraine Seaman
Nellie was mentally ill
The name Nellie Bly came from
a song
The name Nelli Bly was used on
articles that Seaman wrote
Whixh of the following is NOT mentioned

as something that Nellie Bly did to get a
good story?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
She acted like a thief

She got arrested by the police
She pretended to be ill
She worked as a doctor in a mental
hospital

Lin
e
(5)
Lincolns now famous Gettysburg Address was not, on the occasion of its delivery,
recognized as the masterpiece that it is today. Lincoln was not even the primary
speaker at the ceremonies, held at the height of the Civil War in 1863, to dedicate the
battlefield at Gettysburg. The main speaker was orator Edward Everett, whose twohour speech was followed by Lincolns shorter remarks. Lincoln began his small
portion of the program with the words that today are immediately recognized by most
Americans: Four score and seven years ago our father brought forth on this continent
a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are
created equal. At the time of the speech, little notice was given to what Lincoln had
said, and Lincoln considered his appearance at he ceremonies rather unsuccessful.
(10)
After his speech appeared in print, appreciation for his words began to grow, and
today it is recognized as one of the all-time greatest speeches.
The main idea of this passage is that

(A)
According to the passage, when Lincoln

spoke at the Gettysburg ceremonies,
the Gettysburg Address has

always been regarded as
masterpiece
(A)
(B)
at the time of its delivery the

Gettysburg Address was truly
appreciated as a masterpiece
(C)
(D)
(C)
it was not until after 1863 that

Lincolns speech at Gettysburg
took its place in history
(D)
92
(C)
(D)
Lincoln is better recognized

today that he was at the time of
his presidency

about the ceremonies at Gettysburg
during the Civil War?
(A)
(B)
(B)
Everett was the main speaker

Everett gave a two-hour
speech
Lincoln was the closing
speaker of the ceremonies
Lincolns speech was longer
than Everetts
When did Lincolns Gettysburg address

begin to receive public acclaim?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
his words were immediately

recognized by most Americans.
he spoke for only a short period of
time
he was enthusiastically cheered.
he was extremely proud of his
performance
After it had been published.

Immediately after the speech
Not until the present day
After Lincoln received growing
recognition
Look at the word it in the passage. What

does it refer to?
(A)
(B)
Speech
Appreciation
(C)
(D)
Lincoln
Gettysburg
Lin
e
(5)
(10)
Hay fever is a seasonal allergy to pollens. The term hay fever, however, is a less
than adequate description since such an attack can be brought on by sources other
the hay producing grasses and since an attack of this allergy does not incur fever.
The cause of hay fever can be quite varied. Hay fever is generally caused by airborne pollens, particularly ragweed pollens. The amount of pollen in the air is largely
dependent on geographical location, weather, and season. In the eastern section of
the United state, for example, there are generally three periods when pollen from
various sources can cause intense hay fever suffering: in the springtime months of
March and April, when pollen from trees is prevalent, in the summer months of June
and July, when grass pollen fills the air, and at the end of August, when ragweed
pollen is at its most concentrated levels.
What results from an attack of hay fever is not a fever. Instead, a person with hay
fever will suffer symptoms such as red and itching eyes, a swollen and runny nose,
and repeated bouts of sneezing.
Which of the following would be the

best title for the passage?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(B)
(C)
(D)
8
The Relationship between

Season and Allergies
Misconception and Facts about
Hay Fever
Hay Fever in the Eastern United
State
How Ragweed Causes Hay
Fever
According to the passage, which of

the following helps to explain why the
term hay fever is somewhat of a
misnomer?
(A)
A strong fever occurs after an

attack
The amount of pollen in the air
depends on geographical
location
Hay fever is often caused by
ragweed pollen
Grass pollen is prevalent in June
and July
Which of the following is NOT true about

hay fever in the eastern United States?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
10
93
Suffering from hay fever is equally

severe year-round
Pollen from trees cause hay fever
suffering in the spring
Grass pollen fills the air earlier in
the year than ragweed pollen
Ragweed pollen is most prevalent
at the end of the summer
Which of the following is NOT a

symptom of hay fever?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A high fever.
A runny nose
Red eyes.
Persistent sneezing
Which of the following is NOT

discussed in the passage as a
determining factor of the amount of
pollen in the air?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Place
Climate
Time of year
Altitude
PASSAGE THREE (Questions 11 15)
Lin
e
(5)
(10)
Theories about the movement of the continent have evolved over time as the ability
to conduct scientific study of the continents has improved. Thus, todays theory of
plate tectonics, rather than contradicting its predecessor, has its roof on the older
theory of continental drift.
According to the theory of continental drift, the continents are not fixed in position
but instead move slowly across the surface of the earth, constantly changing in
position relative to one another. This theory was first proposed in the eighteenth
century when mapmakers noticed how closely the continents of the earth fit together
when they were matched up. It was suggested then that the present-day continents
had once been one large continent that had broken up into pieces which drifted apart.
Today the modern theory of plate tectonics has developed from theory of
continental drift. The theory of plate tectonics suggests that the crust of the earth is
divided into six large, and many small, tectonic plates that drift on the lava that
composes the inner core of the earth. These plates consist of ocean floor and
continents that quite probably began breaking up and moving relative to one another
more than 200 million years ago.

11
The topic of this passage is

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
12
continental drift
the theory of plate tectonics
the development of ideas about
the movement of the earths
surface
eighteenth-century mapmakers
The passage states that the theory of

continental drift developed as a result
of
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
14
the fixed positions of the

continents
the work of mapmakers
the rapid movement of
continents
the fit of the earths plates
According to the passage, what

constitutes a tectonic plate?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
15
Lava
Only continents
The inner core of the earth.
The surface of the land and
the floor of the ocean
Which of the following beast

describes the organization of the
passage?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
13
94
Two unrelated theories are

presented
Two contrasting opinions are
stated
A theory is followed by an
example
One hypothesis is developed
from another

about the theory of plate tectonics?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
It is not as old as the theory of

continental drift.
It evolved from theory of
continental drift
It postulates that earths surface
is separated into plates
It was proposed by mapmakers
LATIHAN READING 5 (Skill )

Lin
e
(5)
(10)
Eskimos need efficient and adequate means to travel across water in that the areas
where they live are surrounded by oceans, bays, and inlets and dotted with lakes and
seas. Two different types of boats have been developed by the Eskimos, each
constructed to meet specific needs.
The kayak is something like a canoe that has been covered by a deck. A kayak is
generally constructed with one opening in the deck for one rider; however, some
kayaks are made for two because the deck of a kayak is covered over except for the
hole (or holes) for its rider (or riders) a kayak can tip over in the water and roll back up
without filling with water and sinking. One of the primary uses of the kayak is for
hunting.
The umiak is not closed over, as is the kayak. Instead, it is an open boat that is built
to hold ten to twelve passengers. Eskimos have numerous uses for the umiak which
reflect the size of the boat; e.g. the umiak is used to haul belongings from campsite to
campsite, and it is used for hunting larger animals that are too big to be hunted in a
kayak.

1
It is implied in the passage that if a kayak

has two holes, then
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
it accommodates two riders

it is less stable than a kayak with
one hole
it is as large as an umiak
it cannot be used on the ocean
95
2 It can be inferred from the passage that

en example of the animals mentioned
might be
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
a kangaroo
a snake
a whale
a salmon
Lin
e
(5)
(10)
3
Two types of trees from the same family trees share honors in certain respects as
the most impressive of trees. Both evergreen conifers, the California redwood
(Sequoia sempervirens) and the giant sequoia (Sequoiandendron giganteum) are
found growing natively in the state of California. The California redwood is found along
the northern coast of the state, while the giant sequoia is found inland and at higher
elevations, along the western slopes of the Sierra Nevadas.
The California redwood is the tallest living tree and in fact the tallest living thing on
the face of the earth; the height of the tallest redwood on record is 385 feet (120
meters). Though not quite as tall as the California redwood, with a height of 320 feet
(100 meters), the giant sequoia is nonetheless the largest and most massive of living
things; giant sequoia have been measured at more than 100 feet (30 meters) around
the base, with weight of more than 6,000 tons.
It is implied in the passage that
Which of the following is implied in the

passage?
(A)
the leaves of only the California

redwood turn brown in the
autumn
(A)
The giant sequoia is taller than the

California redwood
(B)
the leaves of only giant sequoia

turn brown in the winter
(B)
The California redwood is not as big

around as the giant sequoia
(C)
the leaves of both types of

trees in the passage turn brown
in the winter
(C)
The California redwood weighs more

than the giant sequoia
(D)
the leaves of neither type of

tree in the passage turn brown
in the winter
(D)
Other living things are larger that the

giant sequoia
It can be inferred from the passage

that the Sierra Nevadas are
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
a type of gianr redwood

a costal community
a group of lakes
a mountain range
96
PASSAGE THREE (Questions 6 8)
Lin
e
(5)
(10)
Probably the most recognized board game around the word is the game of Monopoly.
In this game, players vie for wealth by buying, selling and renting properties; the key to
success in the game, in addition to a bit of luck, is for a player to acquire monopolies
on clusters of properties in order to force opponents to pay exorbitant rents and fees.
Although the game is now published in countless languages and versions, with
foreign locations and place names appropriate to the target language adorning its
board, the beginnings of the game were considerably more humble. The game was
invented in 1933 by Charles Darrow, during the height of the Great Depression.
Darrow, who lived in Germantown, Pennsylvania, was himself unemployed during
those difficult financial times. He set the original game not as might be expected in his
hometown Germantown, but in Atlantic City, New Jersey, the site of numerous preDepression vacations, where he walked along the Boardwalk and visited Park Place.
Darrow made the first game by hand and sold them locally until Parker Brothers
purchased the rights to Monopoly in 1935 and took the first steps toward the mass
production of today.
The French version of Monopoly might
possibly include a piece of property
entitled
(A)
(B)
(C)
(C)
Atlantic City, New Jersey

Germantown, Pennsyilvania
Boardwalk
the Eiffel Tower
Parker Brothers is probably

(A)
(B)
(C)
a real estate company

a game manufacturing company
a group of Charles Darrows friends
(D)
a toy design company
It is implied that Darrow selected

Atlantic City as the setting of Monopoly
because
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
it brought back good memories

his family came from Atlantic
City
the people of Germantown might
have been angered if he had
used Germantown
Atlantic City was larger than
Germantown

Another program instrumental in the popularization of science was Cosmos. This
series, broadcast on public television, dealt with topics and issues from varied fields of
science. The principal writer and narrator of the program was Carl Sagan, a noted
astronomer and Pulitzer Prize-winning author

1
The paragraph preceding this passage

most probably discusses
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
a different scientific television

series
Carl Sagans scientific
achievements
the Pulitzer Prize wom by Carl
Sagan
public television
97
The paragraph following this passage

most likely contains information on
what?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The popularity of science

The program Cosmos
The astronomer Carl Sagan
Topics and issues from various
fields of science
Lin
e
(5)
When a strong earthquake occurs on the ocean floor rather than on land, a
tremendous force is exerted on the seawater and one or more large, destructive
waves called Tsunami can be formed. Tsunamis are commonly called tidal waves in
the United States, but this is really an inappropriate name in that cause of the tsunami
is an underground earthquake rather than the oceans tide.
Far from land, a tsunami can move through the wide open vastness of the ocean at
a speed of 600 miles (900 kilometers) per hour and often can travel tremendous
distance without losing height and strength. When a tsunami reaches shallow coastal
water, it can reach a height of 100 feet (30 meters) or more and can cause
tremendous flooding and damage to coastal areas.
The paragraph preceding the passage
most probably discuss
(A)
(B)
Tsunamis in various parts of the

world
the negative effects of tsunamis
(C)
(D)
land-based earthquakes
the effect of tides on tsunamis
Which of the following is most likely the

topic of the paragraph following the
passage?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The causes of tsunamis

The destructive effects of tsunamis
on the coast
The differences between tsunamis
and tidal waves
The distance covered by tsunamis

Lin
e
(5)
(5)
The teddy bear is a childs toy, a nice soft stuffed animal suitable for cuddling. It is,
however, a toy with an interesting story behind it.
Theodore Roosevelt, or Teddy as he was commonly called, was president of the
United States from 1901 to 1909. He was an unusually active man with varied
pastimes, one of which was hunting. One day, the president was invited to take part in
a bear hunt; and inasmuch as Teddy was president, his hosts wanted to ensure that he
caught a bear. A bear was captured, clanked over the head to knock it out, and tied to
a tree; however, Teddy, who really wanted to hunt a bear, refused to shoot the bear
and, in fact, demanded that the bear be extricated from the ropes; that is, he
demanded that the bear be set free.
The incident attracted a lot of attention among journalists. First a cartoondrawn
by Clifford K. Berryman to make fun of this situationappeared in the Washington
Post, and the cartoon was widely distributed and reprinted throughout the country.
Then toy manufactures began producing a toy bear they called a teddy bear. The
teddy bear became the most widely recognized symbol of Roosevelt presidency.

1
According to line 1 of the passage, what

is a teddy bear?
(A)
(B)
A ferocious animal
The president of the United States
(C)
(D)
A famous hunter
A plaything
98
In line 10, a cartoon could best be

described as
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
a newspaper
a type of teddy bear
a drawing with a message
a newspaper article
Look at the word pastime in paragraph

2. This world could be replaced by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
past occurrences
previous jobs
hunting trips
leisure activities
Lin
e
(5)
(10)
A supernova occurs when all the hydrogen in the core of a huge star is transformed
to iron and explodes. All stars die after their nuclear fuel has been exhausted. Stars
with little mass die gradually, but those with relatively large mass die in a sudden
explosion, a supernova. The sudden flash of light can then be followed by several
weeks of extremely bright light, perhaps as much as light as twenty million stars.
Supernova are not very common; they occur about once every hundred years in
any galaxy, and in 1987 as supernova that could be seen by the naked eye occurred in
the Magellan Cloud, a galaxy close to the Milky Way. Scientists periodically detect
supernova in other galaxies, however, no supernova have occurred in the Milky Way
(the galaxy that includes Earth) since 1604. One very impressive supernova occurred
in the Milky Way on July 4, 1054. There was a great explosion followed by three month
of lighted skies, and historical chronicles of the time were full of accounts and unusual
explanations for the misunderstood phenomenonmany people believed that it meant
that the world was coming to an end.
A supernova in line 1 is which of the
following?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
The iron component of a star

The core of a star
The hydrogen in a star
The explosion of a star
According to the passage, which of the

following best describes the Magellan
Cloud in line 7?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A galaxy inside the Milky Way

A cloud composed of hydrogen
A galaxy near Earths galaxy
A cloud in the sky above the Earth
Look at the expression Milky Way in

paragraph 2. The Milky Way is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
part of Earth
a galaxy close to Earth
the galaxy that is home to Earth
a creamy-colored cloud in the sky
99

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo was a Portuguese-born explorer who is credited with the
exploration of the coast of what is today the state of California. Sketchy military
records from the period show that early in his career he served with the Spanish army
from 1520 to 1524 in Spains quest for subjugation of the people in what we are today
Cuba, Mexico and Guatemala. Little is known of his activities over the next decades,
but apparently he succeeded in rising up through the ranks of the military; in 1541, he
was ordered by Antonio de Mendoza, the Spanish ruler of Mexico, to explore the
western coast of North America. Cabrillo set out in June of 1542 in command of two
ships, the San Salvador and the Victoria; he reached san Diego Bay on September 28,
1542, and claimed the terrain of Spain. The peninsula where he landed is today
named Cabrillo Point in his honor; the area has been established as a national
monument park and local residents each year hold a celebration and reenactment of
Cabrillos landing.
From San Diego, Cabrillo continued northward for further exploration of the
spectacular California coastline. By November 1542, he had reached as far north as
San Francisco Bay, although he missed the entrance of the bay due to a huge storm.
Soon after, with the approach of winter, he veered south and turned back to Mexico.
He made it as far south as the Channel Islands off the coast of what is today Santa
Barbara. Cabrillo, who died in San Miguel Island in the Channel Islands, never made it
back to Mexico.
Lin
e
(5)
(10)
(15)
The word subjugation in line 4 is closest

in meaning to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
religion
flag
control
agreement
Look at the word decades in paragraph

1. This word is closest in meaning to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
months
centuries
long epoch
ten-year periods
In line 9, the world terrain is closest in

meaning to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
land
population
minerals
prosperity
Look at the word specatacular in

paragraph 2. This word is closest in
meaning to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
ruggedly handsome
visually exciting
completely uneven
unendingly boring

PASSAGE ONE (Questions 1 2 )
Line
(5)
The black widow is the most dangerous spider living in the United States. It is most
common in the southern parts of the country, but it can be found throughout the
country. The black widow got its name because the female has been known to kill the
male after mating and, as a result, becomes a widow.
The black widow is rather distinctive in appearance; it has a shiny globular body,
the size and shape of a pea, and is marked on its underbelly with a red or yellow spot.
The female is considerably more ample than the male, roughly four times large on the
average.
If a human is bitten by a black widow, the spiders poison can cause severe illness
and pain. Black widow bites have occasionally proved deadly, but it is certainly not
the norm for black widow bites to be mortal.
In line 3, the word widow means

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
a type of poison
the dead male spider
the human victim of the spider
a female whose mate has died
100
The word ample in line7 indicates that

the spider is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
feminine
large
dotted with colors
normal
Line
(5)
(10)
Tornadoes occur throughout the world, but for reasons that scientists are not fully
able to discern, the great majority occur in the United State. Approximately 700
tornadoes a year occur within the United state, and this comprises three-quarters of
the worldwide total. Most of the U.S tornadoes take place in the Midwest and in the
southern states that border the gulf of Mexico.
In general, a tornado cuts a path of a few hundred yards and lasts less than an
hour; an average tornado might propel itself at a speed of 15 or 20 miles per hour and
therefore cover a distance of 20 or so miles. Tornadoes, however, can be much worse
than average. The most devastating tornado on record occurred on March 18, 1925,
in the states of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. The path of this tornado was more than
200 miles long and a mile wide. Traveling at an average speed of 60 miles per hour,
the winds at the center of the storm swirled around at considerably more than 200
miles per hour. A total of 689 people died, and countless more were injured, at the
hands of this killer storm.
The world propel in line 7 could best be

replaced by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
move
develop
destroy
inhibit
Which of the following is closest in

meaning to the word devastating in line
9?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Described
Delicate
Destructive
Determined

Line
(5)
(10)
Although Wealth of Nations by Adam Smith appeared in 1776, it includes many of the
ideas that economists still consider the foundation of private enterprise. The ideas put
forth by smith compose the basis of the philosophies of the school of thought called
classical economics.
According to Smiths ideas, free competition and free trade are vital in fostering the
growth of an economy. The role of government in the economy is to ensure the ability
of companies to compete freely.
Smith who was himself a Scot, lived during the period of the revolution in America
and in France. During this epoch, the predominant political thought was a strong belief
in freedom and independence in government. Smith embraced economic ideas of
free trade and competition which are right in line with these political ideas.

1
A school in line 3 is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
2
a common belief
a college
a university
an educational institution
101
Look at the word embraced in

paragraph 3. This word could be best
replaced by
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
hugged
believed in
encircled
handed over
Which of the following is closest in

meaning to the word free in line 4?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Cheap
No cost
Uncontrolled
Democratic

Lin
e
(5)
1
Beavers generally live in family clusters consisting of six to the members. One
cluster would probably consist of two adults, one male and one female, and four to
eight young beavers, or kits. A female beaver gives birth each spring to two or four
babies at a time. These baby beavers live with their parents until they are two years
old. In the springtime of their second year they are forced out of the family group to
make room for new babies. These two-year-old beavers then proceed to start new
family clusters of their own.
Where in the passage does the author
give the name of a baby beaver?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4-5

indicate why the young beavers must
leave their patents home?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Line 1
Line 2
Line 3
Line 4
Line
(5)
(10)
It is common practice to coat metals such as iron and steel with a protective layer of
zinc or an alloy made from zinc mixed with aluminum, cadmium, or tin in a process
known as galvanization. The purpose of galvanization is to prevent the corrosion of
the iron or steel.
The most common method to galvanize metal is the hot-dip galvanizing process. In
this process, the iron or steel is dipped into a hot bath of a zinc alloy to from a
protective coating approximately .003 inches thick. Another method of galvanizing that
is not as common is the process known as electro galvanizing; in this process the
metal is placed in a solution composed of zinc sulphate and water and is then charged
electrically. This causes a thin layer of zinc to coat the metal.
Zinc is effective in galvanizing metals such as iron or steel in that zinc reacts
more easily with oxygen than iron does. If iron is unprotected, it reacts with the oxygen
in the air to form iron oxide, or rust, which leads to the corrosion of the iron. If,
however, the iron is coated with zinc, as it is in the galvanization process, then it is the
zinc rather than the iron which interacts with the oxygen to form zinc oxide, and the
iron is not subject to corrosion.

1

list the components of a zinc alloy?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Lines 1-2
Lines 4-6
Lines 9-10
Lines 11-12
102

present the less routinely used process of
galvanization?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Lines 1-2
Lines 4
Lines 6-8
Lines 10-11

PASAGE ONE (Questions 1 2)
Line
(5)
1
Truman Capotes in Cold Blood (1966) is a well-know example of the nonfiction

novel a popular type of writing based upon factual events in which the author
attempts to describe the underlying forces, thoughts, and emotions that lead to actual
events. In Capotes book, the author describes the sadistic murder of a family on a
Kansas farm, often showing the point of view of the killers. To research the book,
Capote interviewed the murderers, and he maintains that his book presents a faithful
reconstruction of the incident.
The purpose of this passage is to
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
discuss an example of a
particular literary genre
tell the story of in Cold Blood
explain Truman Capotes
reasons for writing in Cold
Blood
describe how Truman Capote
researched his nonfiction novel
Which of the following best describes the

tone of the passage?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Cold
Sadistic
Emotional
Descriptive
This passage would probably be assigned

reading in which of the following course?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Criminal Law
American History
Modern America Novels
Literary Research
Lin
e
(5)
(10)
Up to now, confessions that have been obtained from defendants in a hypnotic state
have not been admitted into evidence by courts in the United State. Experts in the field
of hypnosis have found that such confessions are not completely reliable. Subjects in
a hypnotic state may confess to crimes they did not commit for one of two reasons.
Either they fantasize that they committed the crimes, or they believe that others want
them to confess.
A landmark case concerning a confession obtained under hypnosis went all the
way to the U.S Supreme Court. In the case of Layra v. Denno, a suspect was
hypnotized by a psychiatrist for the district attorney; in a posthypnotic state the suspect
signed three separate confessions to a murder. The Supreme Court ruled that the
confessions were invalid because the confessions had been the only evidence against
him.

authors purpose in this passage?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
To explain the details of a specific

court case
To demonstrate why confessions
made under hypnosis are not
reliable
To clarify the role of the supreme
Court in invalidating confessions
from hypnotized subjects
The tone of this passage could be

best be described as
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
outraged
judicial
hypnotic
informative
This passage would probably be

assigned reading in a course on
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
To explain the legal status of

hypnotically induced confessions
103
American Law
psychiatric healing
parapsychology
philosophy
PASAGE THREE (Questions 1 2)
Line
(5)
(10)
The rate at which the deforestation of the world is proceeding is alarming. In 1950
approximately 25 percent of the earths land surface had been covered with forests,
and less than twenty-five years later the amount of forest land was reduced to 20
percent. This decrease from 25 percent to 20 percent from 1950 to 1973 represents
an astounding 20 million square kilometers of forests land will be lost by 2020
The majority of deforestation is occurring in tropical forests in developing countries,
fueled by the developing countries need for increased agricultural land and the desire
on the part of developed countries to import wood and wood products. More than 90
percent of the plywood used the United State, for example, is imported from
developing countries with tropical rain forests. By the mid-1980s. Solutions to this
expanding problem were being sought, in the from of attempts to establish an
international regulatory organization to oversee the use of tropical forests.
The authors main purpose in this

passage is to
(A)
cite statistics about an improvement on the earths land surface
(B)
explain where deforestation is

occurring
make there reader aware of a
worsening world problem
blame developing countries for
deforestation
(C)
(D)

tone of the passage?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Concerned
Disinterested
Placid
Exaggerated
This passage would probably be assigned

reading in which of the following courses?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
GOOD LUCK.
Geology
Geography
Geometry
Marine Biology
104
BIBLIOGRAPHY
How To Prepare For The TOEFL, Pamela J. Sharpe, Ph.D, Galgotia Publication pvt.
Ltd, New Delhi, 2004
Longman Complete Course for the TOEFL TEST, Preparation for the Computer And
Paper Tests, Deborah Phillips, Longman, New York, 2001.
105

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PREPARATION FOR PAPER BASED TOEFL - STUDY BOOK

PREPARATION FOR PAPER BASED TOEFL - STUDY BOOK

Long Conversations (Part B): adalah percakapan panjang dengan topik

Long Talks (Part C) : merupakan kuliah yang masing-masing panjangnya 60 - 90

A.1.1 Menyiasati Listening Comprehension

Fahami yang mana pertanyaan gampang dan pertanyaan sulit. Pertanyaan

Fahami temponya tes. Anda punya waktu 12 detik di antara masing-masing

PREPARATION FOR PAPER BASED TOEFL - STUDY BOOK

A.1.2. Kiat-Kiat Short Dialogues

Struktur (pasif, negatif, wishes, conditions)

Bersiaplah untuk pertanyaan berikutnya. Anda punya 12 detik di antara dua

A.1.3 Strategi Short Dialogues

Billy really made a big mistake this time

Pada buku tes Anda baca :

It was the first time he made a mistake

PREPARATION FOR PAPER BASED TOEFL - STUDY BOOK

SKILL 2: PILIH JAWABAN YANG BER-SINONIM

Why is Jenny feeling so happy?

Pada buku tes Anda baca :

SKILL 3 : HINDARI BUNYI YANG MIRIP

Why couldnt Mark come with us?

Pada buku tes Anda baca :

He was in the department office

Yang digarisbawahi jangan dipilih.

SKILL 4: TARIK KESIMPULAN TENTANG WHO, WHAT, WHERE

PREPARATION FOR PAPER BASED TOEFL - STUDY BOOK

Di lembar soal Anda lihat :

Di lembar soal Anda lihat :

SKILL 5 : DENGARKAN WHO DAN WHAT DALAM BENTUK PASIF

Did Diana go to the bank this morning?

Pada buku tes tertulis:

Diana wrote several checks

PREPARATION FOR PAPER BASED TOEFL - STUDY BOOK

SKILL 6 : DENGARKAN WHO DAN WHAT DENGAN KATA BENDA GANDA

Do you know who is in the band now?

Di lembar soal Anda lihat :

Robert became a new member of the band

SKILL 7 : DENGARKAN PERNYATAAN NEGATIF

Di lembar soal Anda lihat :

They drove rather quickly

SKILL 8 : DENGARKAN PERNYATAAN NEGATIF GANDA

I cant believe the news that I heard about the concert

PREPARATION FOR PAPER BASED TOEFL - STUDY BOOK

What does the woman say about the concert?

Pada buku tes tertulis:

Theres no possibility that the concert will take place

SKILL 9 : DENGARKAN PERNYATAAN YANG NYARIS NEGATIF

Were you able to pay the electric bill?

Pada buku tes Anda lihat :

He had plenty of money for the bill

SKILL 10 : DENGARKAN NEGATIF DENGAN KOMPARATIF

What do you think of the new student in math class?

Pada buku tes Anda lihat :

She is not very smart

PREPARATION FOR PAPER BASED TOEFL - STUDY BOOK

SKILL 11 : DENGARKAN PERNYATAAN TENTANG SEPENDAPAT

I think that the hypothesis is indefensible

Pada buku tes Anda lihat :

He is unsure about the hypothesis

SKILL 12 : DENGARKAN PERNYATAAN KETIDAKYAKINAN DAN PENDAPAT

Do you know anything about the final exam in physics?

Pada buku tes Anda lihat :