1.

Simple Present Tense

Simple present tense dibentuk dari Verb- 1 (present tense) atau linking verb be
(am, are, is). Tenses ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum/fakta yang tak
terbantahkan (Factual) dan kebiasaan yang dilakukan berulang (habitual action).

Keterangan waktu dari tenses ini adalah sebagai berikut :

No Keterangan Waktu Arti

1 Every day setiap hari
2 Every week setiap minggu
3 every month setiap bulan
4 every year setiap tahun
5 every night setiap malam
6 every afternoon setiap sore
7 every minute setiap menit
8 every hour setiap jam
9 once a week satu kali seminggu
10 twice a week dua kali seminggu
11 three times a week tiga kali seminggu
12 twice a day dua kali sehari
13 three times a day tiga kali seminggu
14 on Sunday pada hari Minggu
15 once a month satu kali sebulan
16 four times a month empat kali sebulan
17 in the morning pada pagi hari
18 in the afternoon pada siang hari
19 in the evening pada malam hari
20 at five o'clock pada jam lima

Verbal

1. kalimat verbal Positif :

Untuk subyek I, you, they dan we :

Subyek + Infinitive (verb-1) + o/c

1
Contoh :
- I write a letter every day. (Saya menulis surat setiap hari)
- They visit their grandmother every Friday.
(Mereka mengunjungi neneknya setiap hari Jum'at)

Untuk subyek she, he dan it menggunakan rumus:

Subyek + Infinitive (verb-1) + s/es + o/c

* akhiran s digunakan secara langsung pada kata kerja yang diikuti oleh subyek
She, he dan it.

No Verb 1 (infinitive) Penambahan akhiran -s Arti kata

1 read reads membaca
2 work works bekerja
3 write writes menulis
4 set sets terbenam
5 shine shines bersinar
6 sing sings menyanyi
7 bring brings membawa
8 eat eats makan
9 help helps menolong
* sedangkan akhiran es digunakan pada kata kerja yang berakhiran huruf "ch, o, s,
sh, x, z" .

Contohnya :

No Verb 1 (infinitive) Penambahan akhiran -es Arti kata

1 teach teaches mengajar

2 reach reaches menjangkau
3 do does mengerjakan

2
 4 go goes pergi
5 kiss kisses mencium
6 discuss discusses mendiskusikan
7 pass passes melewati
8 wish wishes mengharapkan
9 finish finishes menyelesaikan
10 fix fixes memperbaiki

*Kata kerja (infinitive) yang berakhiran dengan huruf "-y" dan didahului oleh huruf
mati (konsonan), maka akhiran "-y" diubah menjadi "-i" kemudian ditambah "-es".

No Verb 1 (infinitive) Penambahan akhiran -es Arti kata

1 cry cries menangis
2 carry carries membawa
3 fly flies terbang
4 study studies belajar
5 reply replies menjawab
6 try tries berusaha

* Kata kerja (infinitive) yang berakhiran huruf "-y" yang diawali oleh huruf hidup
(vokal), cukup ditambah dengan akhiran "-s' .

No Verb 1 (infinitive) Penambahan akhiran -s Arti kata

1 buy buys membeli
2 play plays bermain
3 lay lays berbaring
4 say says berkata

Example:

- She reads a magazine every morning. (Dia membaca majalah setiap pagi)
- The monkey jumps to a garden. (Monyet melompat ke sebuah taman)

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- Mira buys a pineapple. (Mira Membeli sebuah nanas)

2. Kalimat Verbal Negatif

Subyek + do/does + not + Verb-1

Keterangan :
*Untuk membentuk kalimat verbal negatif harus ditambahkan "do/does + not" yang
diletakan sebelum kata kerja (V1).
*Do digunakan bila subyeknya I, You, We, They
*Does digunakan bila subyeknya He, She, It
*Dalam bentuk kalimat verbal negatif, tambahan "s/es" pada kata kerja dihilangkan.

Contoh :
- I do not write a letter every day. (Saya tidak menulis surat setiap hari)
- She does not read a magazine every morning.
(Dia tidak membaca majalah setiap pagi)
- The monkey does not jump to a garden. (Monyet tidak melompat ke sebuah taman)

- Mira does not buy a pineapple. (Mira tidak membeli sebuah nanas)
- They do not visit their grandmother every Friday.
(Mereka mengunjungi nene knya setiap hari Jum'at)

3. Kalimat verbal Tanya

Do/does + Subyek + Infinitive (Verb 1)?

Keterangan :
Kalimat verbal tanya dibentuk dengan meletakan do/does di awal kalimat jadi

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penambahan "s/es" pada kata kerja (infinitive) juga dihilangkan (tidak diperlukan).

Contoh :
- Do I write a letter every day?
(Apakah saya menulis surat setiap hari?)
- Does She read a magazine every morning?
(Apakah dia membaca majalah setiap pagi?)
- Do they visit their grandmother every Friday?
(Apakah mereka mengunjungi neneknya setiap hari Jum'at?)
- Does the monkey jump to a garden?

(Apakah monyet itu melompat ke sebuah taman?)

- Does Mira buy a pineapple?

(Apakah Mira tidak membeli sebuah nanas?)

*Jawaban yang diperlukan untuk pertanyaan di atas hanya : Yes, (subyek + do/does)
atau No, (subyek + do not/does not)

Nominal

Kalimat nominal adalah kalimat yang tidak menggunakan kata kerja (verb) tetapi
menggunakan kata kerja bantu (auxiliary verb) dari kelompok to
be, diantaranya is, am dan are.

Subyek + To be (am, is, are) + Noun/ Adjective/Adverb

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Keterangan :
*To be (is, am, are) yang disesuaikan dengan subyek kalimat.
- is untuk subyek He, She, It
- are untuk subyek We, You, They
- am untuk subyek I

Contoh :
- You are sad. -------------> kata sifat
(Kamu sedih)
- We are in the library. -----> kata keterangan
(Kami ada di perpustakaan)
- She is a teacher. --------- Kata Benda
(Dia seorang guru)

Rumus kalimat nominal negatif

Subyek + To be + not +Noun/Adjective/Adverb

Contohnya:
- You are not sad. (Kamu tidak sedih)
- We are not in the library. (Kami tidak ada di perpustakaan)
- She is not a teacher. Dia bukan seorang guru)
Rumus kalimat nominal tanya

To be + Subyek + Noun/Adjective/Adverb ?

Keterangan :
Kalimat nominal ini dibentuk dengan to be di awal kalimat.

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Contoh :
- Are you sad? (Apakah kamu sedih?)
- Are we in the library? (Apakah kami ada di perpustakaan?)
- Is she a teacher? (Apakah dia seorang guru?)

Untuk menjawab pertanyaan di atas dapat digunakan jawaban : Yes, ... atau No, ...
Contoh :
- Is she a teacher? (Apakah dia seorang guru?)
Jawaban :
Yes, she is
No, she is not
- Are we in the library?
Jawaban :
Yes, we are
No, we are not
2. Present Continuous

Present Continuous Tense biasa disebut juga Present Progressive Tense adalah
bentuk waktu yang digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan, keadaan atau
peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada saat dibicarakan.

Keterangan waktu yang digunakan dalam Present Continuous Tense adalah :

No Keterangan Waktu Arti

1 this morning pagi ini

2 this afternoon sore ini

3 This evening malam ini

4 today hari ini

5 nowdays sekarang ini

7
 6 for the time being untuk sementara waktu

7 right now sekarang

8 at this moment pada saat ini

9 at present sekarang

10 now sekarang

Rumus kalimat yang digunakan adalah :

(+) Subyek + to be(am,is,are) + (V1+ing)

(-) Subyek + to be(am,is,are) + not + (V1+ing)

(?) To be(am, is, are) + Subyek + (V1+ing) ?

Contoh kalimat (+, -, ?)

1. (+) She is writing a letter now.

(Dia sedang menulis sebuah surat sekarang)

(-) She is not writing a letter now.

(Dia tidak sedang menulis surat sekarang.)

(?) Is she writing a letter now?

(Apakah dia sedang menulis surat sekarang?)

Jawaban untuk kalimat (?) bentuk ini adalah Yes,... atau No,....

Jawaban :

Yes, she is. (Ya)

No, she is not. (Tidak)

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2. (+) They are climbing Gede mountain.

(Mereka sedang mendaki gunung gede.)

(-) They are not climbing Gede mountain.

(Mereka tidak sedang mendaki gunung Gede.)

(?) Are they climbing Gede mountain?

(Apakah mereka sedang mendaki gunung Gede?)

Jawaban: Yes, they are. (Ya)

No, they are not. (Tidak)

3. (+) He is reading a story book now.

(Dia sedang membaca buku cerita sekarang.)

(-) He is not reading a story book now.

(Dia tidak sedang membaca buku cerita sekarang.)

(?) Is he reading a story book now?

(Apakah dia sedang membaca buku cerita sekarang?)

Jawaban : Yes, he is. (Ya)

No, he is not. (Tidak)

4. (+) Naila is walking to school. (Naila sedang berjalan ke sekolah.)

(-) Naila is not walking to school. (Naila tidak sedang berjalan ke sekolah.)

(?) Is Naila walking to school?\(Apakah Naila sedang berjalan ke sekolah?)

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 Jawaban : Yes, she is. (Ya)

No, she is not. (Tidak)

5. (+) I am eating meat ball.

(Saya sedang makan bakso)

(-) I am not eating meat ball.

(Saya tidak sedang makan bakso.)

(?) Am I eating meat ball?

(Apakah saya sedang makan bakso?)

Jawaban :Yes, I am. (Ya)

No, I am not. (Tidak)

Kegunaan Present Continuous Tense adalah sebagai berikut :

1. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang berlangsung sekarang.

Contoh :
a. My father is talking with his friends in the living room.
(Ayah saya sedang bicara dengan teman-temannya di ruang tamu)

b. Mrs. Yuli is teaching English.

(Ibu Yuli sedang mengajar bahasa Inggris)

c. My aunt is cooking in the kitchen.

(Bibi saya sedang memasak di dapur.)

2. Untuk menyatakan perbuatan yang terjadi saat ini, tetapi tidak terjadi saat
diucapkan.

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Contoh :
a. She is working as a doctor. ( Dia bekerja sebagai dokter.)
b. Mr. Black is writing a new story book.
(Bapak Black sedang menulis buku cerita baru.

3. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan datang tetapi waktunya tidak terlalu lama.

Contoh :
a. I'm meeting Smith tonight.
(Saya akan menemui Smith nanti malam.)

Ada beberapa aturan yang harus diperhatikan dalam pembentukan (V1 + ing),
yaitu :

a. Pada umumnya kata kerja dasar atau infinitive (V1) langsung ditambah dengan
akhiran -ing.

No Infinitive (V1) V1+ing Arti

1 call calling memanggil
2 send sending mengirim
3 go going pergi
4 sing singing menyanyi
5 read reading membaca
6 eat eating makan
7 cry crying menangis
8 play playing bermain
9 climb climbing mendaki
10 copy copying menyalin

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b. Apa bila kata kerjanya berakhiran huruf "e", maka huruf "e" tersebut dihilangkan
kemudian ditambah "-ing".

No Infinitive (V1) V1+ing Arti

1 come coming datang
2 change changing merubah
3 drive driving mengemudi
4 make making membuat
5 give giving memberi
6 shine shining bersinar
7 write writing menulis
8 prepare preparing menyiapkan

Tetapi jika kata kerjanya berakhiran huruf "e" yang diawali dengan huruf "e" juga,
huruf tersebut tidak perlu dihilangkan tetapi langsung ditambah dengan "-ing".

No Infinitive (V1) V1+ing Arti

1 see seeing melihat
2 flee fleeing melarikan diri

c. Apabila kata kerjanya bersuku kata satu dan diakhiri dengan huruf mati
(konsonan) yang didahului oleh huruf hidup, dan tekanan pengucapannya di
akhir kata, maka konsonan yang terakhir digandakan kemudian ditambah akhiran
-ing.

No Infinitive (V1) V1+ing Arti

1 get getting mendapatkan
2 cut cutting memotong
3 put putting meletakan
4 slip slipping tidur
5 jog jogging berlari kecil
6 swim swimming berenang

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d. Apabila kata kerjanya bersuku kata dua atau lebih yang berakhiran dengan huruf
mati (konsonan) dan diawali oleh huruf vokal, sedangkan tekanan
pengucapannya terletak pada akhir kata, maka huruf akhir konsonan juga
digandakan, selanjutnya ditambah akhiran -ing.

No Infinitive (V1) V1+ing Arti

1 allot allotting memberikan
2 begin beginning memulai
3 occur occurring terjadi
4 submit submitting menyampaikan

e. Apabila kata kerjanya berakhiran dengan gabungan huruf vokal "ie", maka
gabungan huruf tersebut diganti dengan "y" dan kemudian ditambah dengan
akhiran -ing.

No Infinitive (V1) V1+ing Arti

1 tie tying mengikat
2 lie lying berbohong
3 die dying meninggal

f. Apabila kata kerjanya bersuku kata dua dan berakhiran dengan konsonan "l"
yang didahului dengan satu huruf vokal, maka huruf vokal terakhir digandakan,
kemudian ditambah akhiran -ing.

No Infinitive (V1) V1+ing Arti

1 expel expelling menghembuskan
2 control controlling mengawasi
3 cancel cancelling membatalkan
4 propel propelling menggerakan

g. Apabila kata kerjanya bersuku kata dua dan berakhiran dengan konsonan "l"
yang didahului oleh dua huruf vokal, maka huruf vokal terakhir tidak
digandakan, kemudian ditambah akhiran -ing.

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 No Infinitive (V1) V1+ing Arti
1 seal sealing menyegel
2 sail sailing berlayar

3. Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense adalah tense yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan pekerjaan
yang terjadi pada masa lampau. Pemahaman tense ini hampir sama dengan Simple
Present Tense, hanya waktunya saja yang berbeda. Jika simple present terjadi saat ini,
simple past terjadi pada masa lalu.

Pada simple past tense, terjadi perubahan kata kerja yang digunakan yaitu
penggunaan kata kerja bentuk kedua (verb2). Secara umum, perubahan bentuk kedua
kata kerja disebut dengan regular verb (kata kerja beraturan) dan irregular verb (kata
kerja tak beraturan). Sedangkan untuk kalimat nominal, maka kita harus membuat to
be nya menjadi verb-2, yaitu was dan were

Keterangan Waktu:
Time signal Penanda waktu
Yesterday Kemarin
Two days ago Dua hari yang lalu
Three days ago Tiga hari yang lalu
Four days ago Empat hari yang lalu
Last night Tadi malam

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 Last week Minggu lalu
Last month Bulan lalu
Last year Tahun lalu
A month ago Sebulan yang lalu
Two months ago Dua bulan yang lalu
A year ago Setahun yang lalu
Two years ago Dua tahun yang lalu
In 1990 Pada tahun 1990
In 2010 Pada tahun 2010
This morning Pagi ini
An hour ago Sejam yang lalu
Two hours ago Dua jam yang lalu

Rumus yang digunakan untuk simple past tense baik untuk kalimat positif, negatif,
interogatif, dan juga negatif interogatif adalah sebagai berikut :

Kalimat positif (+) :

S + was/were + o/c
S + Verb2 + o/c

Contohnya :

They were in the class. (mereka berada dikelas.)

They went to Bali last week. (mereka pergi ke Bali Minggu lalu.)
I did the test last month. (saya melakukan test bulan lalu)
She killed a snake yesterday (Dia membunuh sekor ular kemarin)

I was a student last year. (Saya adalah seorang siswa tahun lalu)

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Kalimat negatif (-) :
S + was/were + not + o/c
S + did + not + verb1+ o/c

They were not in the class. / They werent in the class. (Mereka tidak berada
dikelas.)
They did not go to Bali last week. / They didnt go to Bali last week. (mereka tidak
pergi ke Bali minggu lalu.)
She was not busy yesterday (dia tidak sibuk kemarin)

She did not kill a snake yesterday (Dia tidak membunuh sekor ular kemarin)

* Untuk pertanyaan dan kalimat negatif, gunakan bantuan kata did dan kata kerja
tetap dalam bentuk pertama.

Kalimat interogatif (?) :

Was/were + S+ o/c ?
Did + S + Verb1+ o/c ?

Contohnya :

Were they in the class? (apakah mereka berada dikelas?)

Did they go to Bali last week? (apakah mereka pergi ke Bali minggu lalu?)
Did she kill a snake yesterday? (apakah dia membunuh sekor ular kemarin?)

Dari contoh kalimat di atas semua kalimat tidak mengandung kata kerja melainkan
menggunakan tobe yang disesuaikan dengan tensesnya dan subjek dalam kalimatnya.
Dan biasanya tobe diikuti kata selain kata kerja (verb).

4. Simple Future Tense

Simple future tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk aksi
atau tindakan di masa mendatang, bahkan jika hanya dilakukan dalam beberapa detik
secara spontan atau terencana.

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 Keterangan waktu :

No Keterangan Waktu Arti

1 the day after tomorrow lusa
2 tonight nanti malam
3 this morning pagi ini
4 this afternoon sore ini
5 this weekend akhir pekan ini
6 tomorrow besok
7 tomorrow morning besok pagi
8 next (week, month, year, etc) minggu depan
9 three days later tiga hari lagi
10 immediately segera
KALIMAT VERBAL

1. Rumus kalimat verbal positif yang digunakan adalah :

Untuk Subyek : I, We Untuk Subyek : You, They, He, She, It

Subyek + will + V1
Subyek + shall + V1

Keterangan :
Pada umumnya pada saat ini ada kecenderungan will sering digunakan untuk semua
subyek.

Contoh :
- We shall go to Jakarta next week..
(Kami akan pergi ke Jakarta minggu depan.)
- She will finish her homework tomorrow.
(Dia akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah besok.)

2. Rumus kalimat verbal negatif yang digunakan adalah :

Untuk Subyek : I, We

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 Subyek + shall + not + V1
Untuk Subyek : You, They, He, She, It

Subyek + will + not + V1

Catatan :
shall + not dapat disingkat menjadi shan't
will + not dapat disingkat menjadi won't

Contoh :
- We shall not go to Jakarta next week..
(Kami tidak akan pergi ke Jakarta minggu depan.)
- She will not finish her homework tomorrow.
(Dia tidak akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah besok.)

3. Rumus kalimat verbal tanya yang digunakan adalah :

Untuk Subyek : I, We

Shall + subyek + V1 ?

Untuk Subyek : You, They, He, She, It

Will + subyek + V1 ?

Contoh :
- Shall we go to Jakarta next week?
(Apakah kami akan pergi ke Jakarta minggu depan?)
Jawaban :
Yes, we shall (Ya)
No, we shan't (Tidak)

- Will she finish her homework tomorrow?

(Apakah dia akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah besok?)
Jawaban :

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 Yes, she will (Ya)
No, she won't (Tidak)

To be Going To

Rumus kalimat verbal dengan bentuk waktu Simple Present Tense dapat diganti
dengan rumus kalimat yang menggunakan to be + going to untuk menggantikan shall
atau will.

Rumus kalimat positif

Subyek + to be + going to + V1

Catatan :
- To be (is, am, are) pemakaiannya harus disesuaikan dengan subyek yang digunakan.
- To be going to digunakan apabila sesuatu yang dikerjakan tersebut masih berupa
niat.

Contoh :
- She will buy a doll next week.
= She is going to buy a doll next week.
(Dia akan membeli sebuah boneka minggu depan.)

- We shall finish homework this morning.

= We are going to finish homework this morning.
(Kami akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah pagi ini.)

Rumus kalimat negatif

Subyek + to be + not + going to + V1

Contoh :
- She is not going to buy a doll next week.
(Dia tidak akan membeli sebuah boneka minggu depan.)
- We are not going to finish homework this morning.
(Kami tidak akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah pagi ini.)

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Rumus kalimat tanya

To be + Subyek + going to + V1 ?

Contoh :
- Is she going to buy a doll next week ?
(Apakah dia akan membeli sebuah boneka minggu depan?)
Jawaban :
Yes, she is. (Ya)
No, she is not. (Tidak)

- Are we going to finish homework this morning?

(Apakah kami akan menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumah pagi ini?)
Yes, we are. (Ya)
No, we are not. (Tidak)

KALIMAT NOMINAL

Rumus kalimat nominal positif

Untuk subyek : I, We

Subyek + shall + be + Non Verb

Untuk subyek : You, They, He, She, It

Subyek + will + be + Non Verb

Keterangan :
Non Verb (bukan kata kerja) dapat berupa kata sifat, kata benda atau kata keterangan.

Contoh :
- We shall be at hotel tonight.
(Kami akan berada di hotel malam ini.)
- You will be happy.
(Kamu akan gembira.)

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Rumus kalimat nominal negatif

Untuk subyek : I, We

Subyek + shall + not + be + Non Verb

Untuk subyek : You, They, He, She, It

Subyek + will + not + be + Non Verb

Contoh :
- We shall not be at hotel tonight.
(Kami tidak akan berada di hotel malam ini.)
- You will not be happy.
(Kamu tidak akan gembira.)

Rumus kalimat nominal tanya

Untuk subyek : I, We

Shall + Subyek + be + Non Verb ?

Untuk subyek : You, They, He, She, It

Will + Subyek + be + Non Verb ?

Contoh :
- Shall we at hotel tonight ? (Apakah kami akan berada di hotel malam ini ?)
Jawaban :
Yes, we shall
No, we shall not

- Will you be happy? (Apakah kamu akan gembira?)

Yes, you will
No, you will not

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*Simple Future dibentuk dengan kata kerja will ditambah kata kerja bentuk pertama.
(will+ V1)

Kegunaan Simple Future Tense adalah :

a. Menyatakan pendapat, anggapan tentang suatu keadaan yang akan datang. Pada
umumnya kalimat tersebut diikuti oleh kata :
probably = barangkali
possibly = kemungkinan
perhaps = mungkin
surely = sesungguhnya

Contoh :
- Perhaps she will pass her examination.
(Mungkin dia akan lulus ujian.)

b. Menyatakan bahwa suatu tindakan atau keadaan akan terjadi pada masa yang akan
datang.
Contoh :
- I shall go to Bali tomorrtow.
( Saya akan pergi ke Bali besok.)

c. Membuat janji pada masa yag akan datang.

Contoh :
- They will be meet you at ten o'clock tomorrow morning.
(Mereka akan bertemu denganmu pada jam sepuluh besok pagi.)

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d. Memohon kepada seseorang agar melakukan sesuatu. Pada umumnya dalam
bentuk kalimat tanya yang menggunakan subyek "you" atau "will you" dapat
diartikan maukah.
Contoh :
- Will you help me tomorrow?
(Maukah kamu menolongku besok?)

e. Menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang asalkan
syaratnya terpenuhi.
Contoh :
- I will come here if it isn't rain.
(Saya akan datang kesini jika hari ini tidak hujan.

5. Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense adalah suatu bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk
menyatakan suatu aksi atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan masih
berlanjut sampai sekarang atau telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa
lalu namun efeknya masih berlanjut.

Tense ini dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb have atau has, dan past
participle (verb3). Have digunakan untuk I, you, they, we.Sedangkan has untuk he,
she, it, atau orang ketiga tunggal. Sedangkan past participle dapat berupa regular atau
irregular verb.

Rumus present perfect tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Contoh Present Perfect

Kalimat Rumus
Tense

positif S + aux. verb(have/has) + V-3/past I have read the book

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(+) participle He has left

I have not read the book

negatif
(-) S + aux. verb(have/has) + not + V-
3/past participle He hasnt left

Have I read the book

interogatif
(?) aux. verb(have/has) + S + V-3/past
participle Has he left

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Fungsi present perfect tense:

1. untuk mengungkapkan kejadian di masa lalu tanpa peduli kapan tepatnya

terjadi.

Contohnya:
- Can you recommend the most delicious seafood restaurant in this town?
Yes, Ive visited all of them.
(Dapatkah kamu merekomendasikan restoran seafood paling lezat di kota
ini? Ya, saya telah mengunjungi semuanya.)
- Ive read this book.
(Saya sudah membaca buku ini.)

2. untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu aksi terjadi berulang kali dimasa lampau
(adverb of number dapat digunakan).

Contohnya: She has called you three times.

(Dia sudah meneleponmu tiga kali.)

3. untuk mengungkapkan aktivitas atau situasi yang dimulai pada masa

lampau kemudian dilanjutkan sampai sekarang (belum selesai).

Contohnya:
- I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months.
(Saya telah tinggal di Cilegon selama 3 bulan.
- She has studied in French since April.
(Saya telah sekolah di Perancis sejak bulan April.)
- My brother has worked already/lately/ up to now.
(Saudaraku sudah bekerja sampai sekarang.)

4. untuk membicarakan event yang baru saja terjadi (adverb just dapat
digunakan).

Contohnya:

- Ive just sent you an email.

(Saya baru saja mengirimkan kamu email.)
- The rain has just stopped.

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 (Hujan baru saja berhenti.)

1. Greetings

Ungkapan-ungkapan Greeting adalah sebagai berikut :

Greeting Responses
- Hi ! Im fine
- Hello! Im fine too
- Good morning Very well. Thank you.
- Good afternoon Fine, thanks
- Good evening Fine, how about you?
- How are you? Im good/okay/alright
- How are you doing? Very well, thank you and how are
you
- Whats up? Not to bad, thanks
- How is everything? Good morning
- Whats up? I trust that everything is well.
- Hows life? Okay, thank you.

Note:
Good morning : dari pagi sampai makan siang.
Good afternoon : dari siang sampai awal petang (sekitar jam 6 sore)
Good evening : Pada petang sampai malam hari.
Good night : digunakan ketika kita akan meninggalkan seseorang pada akhir
petang atau ketika kita hendak bristirahat tidur.

The expressions of greetings are below!

1. Students : good morning, sir.

Teacher : Good morning, students.
Students : How are you today?
Teacher : Im fine,thanks, and you?
Students : fine, too.

26
2. John : Good evening Mrs. Sarah.
Mrs. sarah : Good evening, John. What are you doing here, Son?
John : Im waiting for my father, mom.
Where will you go mom?
Mrs. Sarah : I will go to the market. I have to go now. Good bye
John.
John : Good bye, Mrs.Sarah,
See you next time.
2. Introduction

Introducing yourself The responses

My name is Nice to meet you; I come from..
Im . Pleased to meet you; Im .
Let me introduce myself; Im Glad to see you
Id like to introduce myself; Im Happy to meet you.
Hi. Im Nita Nice to meet you.
Hello, Ahmad. Im Faiz.
Hi. Nita. Im faiz. Im from Salatiga.
First of all I would like to introduce myself
My name is
my full name is
my nick name is ,,,
Allow me to introduce myself
I am
Excuse me, my name is
Hello, my name is
Good morning, my name is

Leave-taking Responding
Goodbye. Good night, Laela.
Sorry, I must go now. Thanks.
Take care. O.K see you.
Good night, Laela. O.K see you.
Have a nice day. Bye bye.

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Examples :

1. Dea : Hi, good morning! I would like to introduce my self

My name is Dea
Lilie : Hi, good morning. I am Lilie
Dea : How are you Lilie?
Lilie : I am fine, thank you, how Are you?
Dea : Not bad, thank you. Where do you come from?
Lilie : I am from East Aceh
Dea : Really, where is exactly?
Lilie : I live in Desa Kampung Baru. How about you?
Dea : I am from Garot, Pidie. Nice to meet you Lilie, see you around
Lilie : Nice talking to you Dea, Have a good day
2. Ahmad : Hi, let me introduce my self. My name is Ahmad.
May I know your name?
Darman : O hi, of course
I am Darman. How are you?
Ahmad : I am very well, thank you. How are you?
Darman : I am fine, Thank you
Ahmad : Darman, would you please tell me about yourself
Darman : well, I am from
I am the (first, second, third) child in family
I have .... Brother (s) and . Sister(s)
I am graduate from
I live here at .. with . Roommate(s)
What about you?
Ahmad : (do as Darman do)

3. Hi mam, hello my friends, good morning. I want to introduce my self. My

name is Gerald Demon. My family call me Gerald. I am came from
Masohi. I live at Batas Kota. I am hundred fourteen years old, and I am
hundred forty cm tall. My mothers name is Selvi Isaaz. My fathers name
is Herad Demon. I have one sister. My hobby is a soccer and play station
2. Ok, I think enough for my introducing. Thank you for the attention.

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#please add more information if you think important !

3. Introducing people

Introducing people

First of all I would like to introduce my mother/father/friend, etc.

First of all I would like to introduce you to ..
Her/his name is
Her/his nick name is
Allow me to introduce my sister. Her name is
allow me to introduce
Excuse me, let me introduce my uncle. His name is
Excuse me, her name is
Hello, this is my friend. his name is

Examples:
Ani : Hi, Rika. This my friend, Gina.
Rika ; Hi, Gina. Nice to meet you.
Gina ; Hi Rika. Nice to meet you too.
Rika : Where are you from?
Gina : Im from Brazil.
Rika : Owh, welcome to Indonesia.

Dialog I
Rio : Good morning, Rahel.

Rahel : Good morning, Rio. who is she?

Rio : First of all I would like to introduce you to my niece,

Kharisma.

Kharisma, this is Rahel

Kharisma : Hy, Rahel, Nice to meet you.

29
Rahel : Hy, Kharisma , Nice to meet you to.

Dialog II
Megan : Good morning, James.
James : Hi, good morning. How are you doing Megan?
Megan : Very well, thank you. What about you James?
James : I am great. By the way, let me introduce my brother, John.
Megan : Hi John. I am Megan. Pleased to meet you.
John : Pleased to meet you too.
Megan : Sorry, I am in hurry. I need to go now.
James & John : Ok. Take care.
Megan : Take care of yourselves too.

4. Asking and giving information

Asking Information Giving Information

What is this? This is a table
What is that? That is a chair.
What are these? These are Pencils
What are those? Those are books
Where is Mr. Sofyan? He is over there
Where is Ms. Knight? Shes (right) here
How is the food? Its delicious
Jeremy is from Banda Aceh. Oh really? He from Lamprit

Where do you live? I live in Florida.

Oh yeah? Where in Florida? Orlando.
He is a university student.Oh, what university? Harvard University.
What is your occupation? I am a police officer

Dialog I
A : How are you today?
B : I am fine, thanks
A : Who is this?
B : She is my teacher, Ms. Jane.

30
A : where does she live?
B : I live in Tanjong Seulamat.
A : Really? Is that near Darussalam
B : yeah, Thats right

Dialog II
Alda : Excuse me. Could you tell me where the public library is, please ?
Bima : The public library? Let me see. Oh yes, of course i know. It is in
Rajawali Road.
Alda : Is the near here?
Bima : You just go along this street until you come to the first traffic light.
Then turn
left.
Alda : Thank you

Dialog III
Ruli : Smith lives in Indonesia
Susan : Really? What city (in Indonesia)?
Ruli : Makassar

5. Simple sentences

I work in a post office

They breakfast at 8.00 am
He does not drink coffe
Every day I get up at ____ oclock.
Then, I eat my breakfast.
I go to work / class at _____ oclock
I usually finish work / class at ____ oclock
I always go to bed at 10.30 p.m.

Are you from Sibreh? Yes, I am

Is he a doctor? No, he is not
Does she live in Banda Aceh? Yes, she does
Are you coming to the party? No, I have Other Plans
Where do you work? I work at Suzuya Mall.

31
When do you (usually) start to work? At 9.00 (a.m)
When do you finish to work? I finish at 5:00 (p.m)
What do you do after work? I playsoccer with my friends.
Or sometimes I go shopping with
my mom.
1. Dialog I (at Travel)
Mr. Azzam : Excuse me, is this a travel agency?
Receptionist : Yes, Sir. Welcome to Peney Travel Agency. May I help
you?
Mr. Azzam : Yes, I need a ticket to Frankfurt, Germany.
Receptionist : One way or round trip?
Mr. Azzam : One way, please.
Receptionist : When will you be leaving?
Mr. Azzam : Next Tuesday. I prefer a morning flight.
Receptionist : Do you want any particular airline?
Mr. Azzam : No, but I do want to go business class and have a direct
flight.
Receptionist : Yes, there is a flight available on Parapente Airlines.
The ticket will cost
US$ 700.00.
Mr. Azzam : Sounds good. Book it for me, please.
Receptionist : I need your name, Sir.
Mr. Azzam : Ah, yes of course. Im Azzam Fuhaid.
Receptionist : Thank you Mr. Fuhaid. Here it is your ticket. But,
please remember to
check-in two hours before the flight schedule.
Mr. Azzam : Sure, thanks.

2. Dialog II (at Meseum)

Mr. Black : Hello. What time does the museum close today?
Receptionist : The museum closes at 8 pm.
Mr. Black : And what time does it open tomorrow?
Receptionist : The museum opens at 8 am.
Mr. Black : How much is the admission?
Receptionist : The admission fee is US$ 10.00. But, we give only US$
5.00 for student .

32
 Mr. Black : Are there any special exhibitions on right now?
Receptionist : Yes, theres a painting exhibition.
Mr. Black : Is this included in the price of admission?
Receptionist : Sorry, no. Theres a separate US$ 3.00 charge for the
exhibition.

3. Dialog III (at Tourism Information Center)

Mr. Blue : Excuse us, is this a Tourism Information Centre?
Receptionist : Yes, welcome. May I help you?
Mr. Blue : Do you have any free maps of the city?
Receptionist : Yes, we do. We also have a free information booklet.
Mr. Blue : Great. Could we have one please?
Receptionist : Sure, here you go.
Mr. Blue : Were only here for two days. What do you recommend
me to see?
Receptionist : Well, you can walk down Park Avenue. It has some
beautiful historic
architecture, some good museums, and handicraft shops.

Mr. Blue : Great! Well check it out. Thank you.

Receptionist : Youre welcome.

4. Dialog IV (What are you reading)

Mike : Hi Joni, what are you reading?
Joni : Hi Mike, Im reading novel Laskar Pelangi.
Mike : I even read that. Thats good novel.
Joni : I think so.

5. Dialog V (In a class)

Mr. Tono : Andi, why did you come late?
Andi : Im sorry Sir. I passed the bus.
Mr. Tono : I will let you sit down if you answer my question. Who is the
third president of
Indonesia?
Andi : I dont know Sir.
Mr. Tono : I will punish you. You must stand up in front of class for 10

33
 minutes.
Andi : OK Sir.

6. Dialog VI (In a library)

Anna : Hi Lisa, what are you doing here?
Lisa : I am looking for math book.
Anna : May I help you?
Lisa : Sure. Thank you.
Anna : You are welcome.

7. Dialog VII (Hobby)

Smith : Hi Steve, how are you today?
Steve : I am fine. How about you?
Smith : I am fine too. What are you doing?
Steve : I am counting my stamps collection. Collecting stamps is my
hobby. What is
your hobby?
Smith : My hobby is camping.
Steve : Sounds good. Where is your favorite location to camp?
Smith : My favorite location is in the mountain. The air is very fresh.
Steve : When will you camp again?
Smith : Maybe next holiday.
Steve : Thats great idea.
Smith : Im sorry, I have to go. See you.
Steve : See you too.

8. Dialog VII (Homework)

Roy : What are you doing?
Rio : I am doing my homework.
Roy : What is the subject?
Rio : It is math.
Roy : Is it hard?
Rio : Not too hard.
Roy : Do you have a plan after this?
Rio : No, I dont.
Roy : I will go to the cinema. Can you join with me?

34
 Rio : Iam sorry I cant. It is too night.
Roy : OK, no problem.

6. Asking and giving direction

How do I get to ?

Whats the best way to ?

Whats the quickest way of getting to your office?

Where is ?

Where are you exactly.

you tell me the best way of getting to your office?

Some Phrases to Show Direction (menunjukkan arah)
Go straight on (until you come to ) Cross

Turn back./Go back. signpost

Turn left/right (into -street) Go along .

Between Opposite

Near Next to

at the end (of) on/at the corner (of)

across from traffic lights

behind beside

in front of, in back of, in the middle of Rounabout

(bundaran)

35
 Take the first/second road on the left/right

Its on the left/right.. / (to) (on) the right/left of

To be (is) located/situated

(just) around the corner

Were not far from or Were quite close to
Its about a mile / kilometre / two blocks from
Were opposite / next to / in front of / across the road from / round the
corner from the supermarket.

Getting information (mendapatkan informasi)

Will you be coming by car or by train?
Its much easier if you take the train.
Which hotel are you staying at?

1. Dialog 1
Man : Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to the bank?
You : Yes, sure. Turn left at the end of this street.
Man : At the traffic lights?
You : Yes. Then go as far as the roundabout.
Man : And at the roundabout?
You : Turn right at the roundabout into Dee Road.
Man : OK right at the roundabout.
You : Go down Dee Road. The banks on the left.
Man : Thank you.
You : Goodbye.

2. Dialog II
John : Linda, do you know how to get to Samsons and Co.? Ive
never been there before.
Linda : Are you driving or taking the subway?
John : The subway.

36
 Linda : Take the blue line from 14th avenue and change to the grey
line at Andrew Square. Get off at 83rd street.
John : Just a moment, let me take this down!
Linda : Take the blue line from 14th avenue and change to the grey
line at Andrew Square. Get off at 83rd street. Got it?
John : Yes, thanks. Now, once I get to Andrew Square, how do I
proceed?
Linda : Once you are on 83rd street, Go straight on, past the bank.
Take the second left and continue straight on. Its opposite
Jacks Bar.
John : Can you repeat that?
Linda : Once you are on 83rd street, Go straight on, past the bank.
Take the second left and continue straight on. Its opposite
Jacks Bar.
John : Thanks Linda. How long does it take to get there?
Linda : It takes about a half-hour. When is your meeting?
John : Its at ten. Ill leave at nine-thirty.
Linda : Thats a busy time. You should leave at nineJohn :
Linda : Not at all.

7. Number and Counting

How many fingers do you have? I have eight fingers

You have eight fingers?
How many students in your classroom?
How old is your sister?
How many people are in the group?
How many hours do you work every day?
Eight fingers and two thumbs
Thirty five, include me
She is seventeen
About seventy
From nine to five. Eight hours

How many pencils do you have?

I have two (pencils)
I only have one
How many cherries do we need for the pie?
Probably about 30.

37
Dialog I
Jhon : Sin, what is your phone number?
Sinta : Pardon?
Jhon : What is your phone number?
Sinta : Ooo, my phone number. It is 08159276281
Jhon : Thank you
Sinta : you are welcome. What is your phone number?
John : it is 08888193436
Sinta : Thank you
John : Thats ok

8. Shopping

Where are the pencil? They are on the second shelf ok, thanks
How much is this mirror? It is $19.95 okay, I will
take it
How much does it cost? That one is $5.00. How about
this one?
Do you have any T-shirt? What size? Mediun or Large? Large
How much are these? They are $4.00 each. That is too
expensive

What a clerk might say: what a costumer might say:

May I help you? Excuse me. Do youwork
here?
Can I help you? Can you help me?
Can I help you find something? Can I ask you smething?
What can I do for you? Yes, I am looking
for_______
Do you have any ________
Can you tell me where
the________ is/are?
Dialog I
A : may I help you?

38
B : Yes, do you have any brooms?
A : Yes, they are over thereby the wall
B : Thank you
A : how much are these sandals?
B :Its $_____ / they are $____
A : is that all for today?
B : Yes, I think so
A : Thats come to $_____
B : here you are
A : Thanks
Dialog II
Customer : Oh yes. Thats a nice shirt. Could you take it out, please?
SA : Okay, whats the size?
Customer : Twelve
SA : Twelve? Are you sure?
Customer : Yes, Im sure
SA : Here you are. You can pay it at the cashier over there
Customer : How much is it?
SA : Thats one hundred and fifty dollars. Plus taxes.
Customer : Okay, Ill payed it. Thank you then.
SA : Thank you very much

9. Describing people and things

Expressions Responses
What does it look like? Its big, with eight hairy arms.
How big is it? Its 3 feet, by 4 feet, by 5 feet.
How much does it weigh? It weighs 75 pounds.
What color is it? Its bright yellow, brighter than a
banana.
Whats it made out of? Its made of plastic and aluminum.
What is it? Its a garlic press
What does it do? It puts a sharp point on wooden
pencils.
What the purpose of a refrigerator? The purpose of a refrigerator is to

39
keep food cold so
How does she look like? She has got [short/ long] [stright/
wavy/ curly] hair.

Describing People
A: Tell me about your father. What kind of person is he?
B: Well, he is very friendly, smart and funny.

A: What does he look like?

B: Hes young, short and handsome. He has straight black hair dan green eyes

A: What does your mother look like?

B: Shes tall, thin and beautiful. She has blonde hair and wear glasses.

A:How about your little sister?

B: She has curly red hair and a cute smile. Everybody likes her.

Dialog I
Niha : Hello Nada. whos that ?
Nada : oh, hes my idol.
Niha : wow! Hes very handsome. Whats his name?
Nada : his name is Mario Maurer.
Niha : how old is he ?
Nada : hes twenty eight years old.
Niha : where is he come from ?
Nada : he is from Thailand.
Niha : what was he in Thailand?
Nada : he was actor.
Niha : how about physical appearance of he?
Nada : oh, he had a black straight hair, he is tall. He had slim body and white
skin.
Niha : whats he like ?
Nada : hes nice and very smart, too !
Niha : do you ever meet him ?
Nada : yes, I ever. But just in television, on Thailand cinema.
Niha : I hope you can meet him next time.

40
Nada : yes, I hope so.
Niha : ok, see you Nada !
Nada : see you too!

Dialog II
Tracy : Excuse me, are you Ms. Davis?
Shannon : No, I am not Ms. Davis but I know who she is.
Tracy : Great! Can you tell me where to find her?
Shannon : I am not sure where she is in the building now. I do know what
she looks like
though.
Tracy : Can you describe her, please?
Shannon : She is a tall woman, with dark brown hair and light brown eyes.
Tracy : Do you know what she is wearing?
Shannon : Yes. She is wearing a white dress shirt and black blazer and
skirt.
Tracy : Thank you so much.
Shannon : Youre welcome. I hope you find her.

Describing Things
Clothes
A : What is your brother wearing?
B : Hes wearing light brown pants and an orange t-shirt.

A : What kind of shoes does he have (on)?

B : Sneakers, and hes wearing white socks.

A : Is Anty wearing a dress?

B : No. Shes wearing a blue skirt and a yellow blouse.

A : Anything else?
B : Yes. Shes wearing boots and carrying a purse.

Dialog
A : What is your country like?
B : Its quite small and beautiful.

41
A : Whats your city like?
B : Its very big and dirty.
A : Oh really?
B : Yes, and its very expensive too!
A : Whats your home like?
B : Its quite small but very comfortable.

Paragraph
My Mother
My mother is a beautiful person. She is not tall but not short, and she has curly
hair and brown. Her eyes color are like honey and her color skin color light
brown, and she has a beautiful smile. Her weight likes 120 lbs.

She is a very kind person. She is very lovely, friendly, patient, and she loves to
help people. I love my mom, because she is a good example to me. She loves
being in the Church, and she loves sing and dance too.
She is a very good child, wife and mother. She always takes care of her family.
She likes her house to be clean and organized. She a very organized person, and
all things in the house are in the right place. She doesn't like messes.

She always has a smile on her face. She is so sweet and lovely. I like when I am
going to sleep or went I wake up or when I am going to go to some places, she
always give me a kiss, and when the family have a problem she always be with
us to helps us and to give us all her love.
My Favourite Book

I love reading book. My favourite book is Harry Potter series. I have read all of
the series.

I love these books because they are so imaginative. The story is so amazing.
When read the books, sometimes I imagine myself is studying at hogward and
learn magic.

My favourite character of the book is harmonie. She is cute and smart. I want to
be like her.

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10. Asking permission

Asking permission (Modals is commonly used) Giving Permission

Can I ask you a question? Sure

May I have a piece of cake? Go ahead

Could I get you to turn off the lamp? No problem
Some other common phrase are: Id love to..
Do you mind if I smoke? Okay, you can do it
Would you may if I ask you something? Of course
Is it okay if I sit here? Go ahead
Would it be all right if I borrowed your dictionary? Not at all
Could I go to the movie? Yes, please do
May I go fishing today? Certainly
Do you mind if I visit you tonight? Refusing
Permission
Is it alright if I borrow your book? I am afraid not
Would you mind if I see your note? No, you cant
Can I take you home? Sorry, you cant
would rather you
dont go

Dialog I
Rani : Mom, Could I go to the movie with my friends tonight?
Mother: Sure, dear. But dont come home late. You should prepare for your
midterm test on
Monday.
Rani : Okay, thank you mom

Dialog II
Idha : Dad, mmm you know that every year my school holds a charity concert.
Father : It sounds good dear.
Idha : Everyone loves to join the concert. Many social events will be held. May I
go to the

43
 concert tonight, Dad?
Father : Of course you may. But firstly you have to study for your final exam. And
with
whom are you going to there?
Idha : I am leaving with Rara, and we will meet our friends at school first, then
go to
concert together.

11. How to Invite

Making Invitations
Berikut ini kata-kata yang dapat digunakan untuk mengundang seseorang ke
suatu acara atau kegiatan.

Would you like to ? (Apakah kamu akan ?)

I would be pleased if you could (Saya akan senang jika kamu bisa )
Would you care to ? (Maukah kamu )
Could you come to ? (Bisakah kamu datang ke )
I would be delighted if you (Saya akan senang jika kamu )
Why dont you come to ? (Mengapa tidak kamu datang ke ?)
Shall we come to (Akankah kita datang ke )
Like to come to (Seperti untuk datang ke.)
Come and (Datang dan)
Shall we come to (Kita datang untuk...)
You must come to (Anda harus datang ke)
Accepting Invitations
Berikut ini kata-kata yang dapat digunakan untuk menyutujui suatu undangan.

Sure. Why not? (Tentu. Mengapa tidak?)

Thank you for inviting me. (Terima kasih telah mengundang saya.)
Id like to come. (Saya suka untuk datang.)
That would be very nice. (Itu akan menjadi sangat bagus.)
With pleasure. (Dengan senang hati.)
What a delightful idea. (Betapa ide yang menyenangkan.)
All right. (Baiklah.)
OK, Ill be there. (OK, saya akan ada di sana.)

44
Sure, Im coming. (Tentu, saya datang.)

Declining Invitations
Untuk menolak suatu undangan bisa dengan menggunakan kata-kata berikut ini.

Id like to, but (Saya ingin, tapi )

Unfortunately, I cant. (Sayangnya, saya tidak bisa.)
Im so sorry, I dont think I can. (Saya benar-benar minta maaf, saya tidak
berpikir saya bisa.)
Im sorry, I have to (Maafkan saya, saya harus )
Thats sounds nice, but Im sorry Im very busy. (Itu terdengar bagus, tetapi
maaf saya saya sangat sibuk.)
Thank you for asking me, but (Terima kasih telah meminta saya, tapi )
Thank you, but I cant. (Terima kasih, tetapi saya tidak bisa.)
I dont think I can. (Saya tidak berpikir saya bisa.)
Id love to, but (Saya ingin, tapi )
Unfortunately, I cant .

Dialog I
Ludi Invites Maya to go to a Movie
Ludi : Hi, Maya. There will be a great film tonight. Its about vampire.
Would you like to go to the movie with me?
Maya : Yes, Id like tonvery much. When will you pick me up?
Ludi : Ill pick you at 7.00. Be ready, OK!
Maya : Alright.

Dialog II
Afif is very busy doing his homework. Sheila, his friend, asks him to come to
her party.
Sheila : Heloo, this is Sheila. May I speak to Afif?
Afif : This is Afif speaking.
Sheila : Oh, hi Afif. I wonder if youd like to come to my house right now.
Were having a great party.
Afif : I dont think I can. Im doing my homework. My parents wont
let me out before I finish my homework.
Sheila : Thats alright.

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Afif : I hope you enjoy your party. Bye.
Sheila : Bye.

Dialog III
Ria : Hi Lia. Where are you going?
Lia : Im going to the market.
Ria : Would you like to come to my wedding next week?
Lia : Sure. Why not?
Ria : Thank you.
Lia : Youre welcome.

Dialog IV
Joni : Its a boring day.
Jono : Why?
Joni : I have a lot of homework.
Jono : Me too. Could you come to my home tonight?
Joni : Im sorry, I dont think I can.
Jono : Why? You said that you had a lot of homework. Lets learn together.
Joni : Im not feeling well. Maybe I will not go to school tomorrow.
Jono : Poor you. Youd better get some rest.
Joni : Thanks for your advice.
Jono : Youre welcome.

Dialog IV
Zarah : Good afternoon, dear friend!
Etra : Good afternoon. Why are you very happy ?
Zarah : Dont you know , today is my birthday.
Etra : Really ? Oh, happy birthday
Zarah : Yeah , thank you. Would you mind to come to my birthday party
tonight?
Etra : Oh, Id love to come. Where will the party be held ?
Zarah : at Garings cafe at 8 p.m.
Etra : Okay. Who will you invite?
Zarah : I invite my classmates and some friends from our piano course. I invite
your crush, Toni, too.
Etra : Haha. Yeah, I hope he will come to your birthday party.

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Zarah : Yeah, it would be nice if you can go together with him.
Etra : May be Ill ask him later.
Zarah : Okay, good luck!
Etra : Yeah, wish your party will be great and fun. See you!

12. Accepting and Refusing

Can I get you some?
Would you like some..?
May I offer you some?
Would you like me to get you some..?
Informal:
How about some?
What about some?
What do you say about some?
Are you up for some?

Accepting Refusing
Thank you. No, thanks.
Yes, please. No, I really wont, thank you.
Id like it very much. Not for me thanks.
Thank you, I would. No, thanks. Im not hungry.
That would be very nice. Thank you, but Im on a diet.
Thats very kind. Unfortunately,
Id like to, but
Example :
Would you like some cake? (Mau makan kue?)
(+) Yes, please (-) No, thank you
(+) Sure. Thanks (-) Id better not. Thanks anyway
(+) Okay. Thank you (-) No, but thanks for offering

Would you like to go see a movie? (Maukah kamu pergi nonton film?)
(+) Okay. Sounds good. (-) No, Id rather not.
(+) Sure. Id love to. (-) Im sorry, but I cant.
(+) Yeah. Good idea (-) No, but thanks for inviting me.

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How about some more pie? (Bagaimana kalau kuenya ditambah lagi?)
(+) All right. Thanks (-) No, thanks.
(+) Looks good. Thanks (-) Im really full. Thanks anyway
(+) Dont mind if I do. (-) Looks delicious, but Ill have to
pass.

How about going skiing this weekend? (Bagaimana kalau kita peri main ski
akhir pekan ini?)
(+) Great. What time? (-) Sorry. Im busy this weekend.
(+) Sounds like fun. (-) I dont think I can.
(+) All right. When and where? (-) How about some other time?

Dialog
Mike :Hi..mega.How are you this day?
Mega :Hi,,pretty good,what about you?
Mike :I am fine,thanks.By the way,do you have leasure time in this weekend
Mega :Hmmm..yes, i have,why mike?
Mike :I will go to picnic this weekend with my family,so I want you to
accompany me,because I don,t have friends.
Mega :That sound is interesting..
Mike :So,can you?
Mega :Of course mike,by the way,where will we go to picnic?
Mike :Cameron highland,so we can see tea garden and stroberry garden.
Mega :Wow,,it is great.
Mike :Of course.mega,what do you think if we invite fany?it will be more fun.
Mega :I agree,so lets we ask to fany.
Mike :Oke..i will call her right now.Hello fany
Fany :Hello,mike
Mike Fany,I want to invite you to go to picnic this weekend,can you?
Fany :Going to picnic,thats great,actually I want to go. But,sorry mike, I have
a promise with my mother to go to my grandmothers house.
Mike :Oh,,thats oke fany.
Fany :Have a nice picnic
Mike :Thanks fany,bye.
Fany :Bye

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13. Comparing Things

(A): Which sofa should we buy?

(B): This one is larger, but it is also more expensive.

(A): Which runner are you cheering for?

(B): Sammy. Hes the fastest. But Timmy is the most handsome.

(A): I like the blue sweater.

(B): I think the red one is better. But the green one is the best.

(A): How much sugar should I add?

(B): Only a little. Thats too much!

Dialog I
Santi : Will you taste my pudding?
Gita : Sure.
Santi : How about its taste?
Gita : This pudding is sweeter than Rinas pudding.
Santi : So, Rinas pudding is more delicious than mine, right?
Gita :I dont conclude like that. I think it depend on the taster. But, according
to me, your pudding is more delicious than mine.
Santi : Really?
Gita : Of course. If you say, you cant cook so I am worse than you.
Santi : Hahaha I dont think so.

Dialog II
Mom :Will toy that you want to buy?
Rio :How about helicopter with remote control?
Mom : Why?
Rio :Because its more interesting than robot or another toys.
Mom :Okay. Will you buy red one? Or Green?
Rio :I think the red one is good. And the green one is better than the red one.
But, may I
buy the blue one? The blue one is the best one.

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Mom :Okay. Just take it.

14. Offering
Making offer
Can I ...? (Dapatkah aku?) May I help you?
May I ...? (Bolehkah aku?) How may I help you?
Shall I ...? (Bolehkah aku?) Do you need some help?
How about I ...? (Bagaimana jika aku?) What can I do for you?
Would you ...? (Maukah kamu?) Would you like some help?
Are you looking for something?
Accepting offer
Thank you, I appreciate your help. (Terima kasih, aku menghargai bantuanmu.)
Yes, please. (Ya, silahkan.)
Yes please, that would be very lovely. (Ya silahkan, itu akan sangat
menyenangkan.)
Thank you, how a kind of you. (Terima kasih, betapa baiknya kamu.)
Thanks (Terima kasih)

Declining offer
No, thanks. (Tidak, terima kasih.)
No, thank you. (Tidak, terima kasih.)
Its okay, I can do it by myself. (Oke, aku bisa melakukannya sendiri.)
Dont worry, I will do it by myself. (Jangan khawatir, aku akan melakukannya
sendiri).

Dialog I
Aris : What are you doing, Deb?
Deby : Im replying e-mail from client and writing 10 articles about travelling.
Aris : Wow, you are so busy, right?
Deby : Yeah. Im so stressful.
Aris : shall I do your half job ?
Deby : Really? You must be kidding me.
Aris : Im so serious, Deb. How?
Deby : Thank you so much, Aris. I appreciate your help.
Aris : most welcome, Deby.

Dialog II
A : Would you like me to help you on your new project?

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B : I would love the help! Would you prefer helping with the writing part or is
programming more your thing?
A : I would enjoy helping with the writing portion.
B : Perfect! Youll be working alone on that portion. Do you like to work
alone?
A : That is OK sometimes.
B : Our first meeting is next Monday. Could you meet with us at that time?
A : No, I cant be there.
B : Please send me your background information before the meeting so I can
look at it.
A : I can send that information to you.
B : OK. I look forward to working with you. Enjoy your week!
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