Latar belakang
Pembunuhan
Latar belakang
Pada pertengahan abad ke-19, Inggris
menerima gelombang imigran Irlandia
yang memengaruhi jumlah populasi di
kota-kota besar di Inggris, termasuk East
End, London. Sejak 1882, pengungsi
Yahudi dari Eropa Timur dan Ketsaran
Rusia juga berdatangan ke kawasan yang
sama.[1] Hal ini menyebabkan paroki sipil
Whitechapel di East End, London,
menjadi semakin penuh sesak. Kondisi
pekerjaan dan perumahan memburuk,
dan perekonomian kelas bawah mulai
berkembang di kawasan ini.[2]
Perampokan, kekerasan, dan
ketergantungan alkohol sudah menjadi
hal yang lumrah di Whitechapel, dan
kemiskinan memicu banyak perempuan
untuk bekerja di bidang prostitusi. Pada
bulan Oktober 1888, Metropolitan Police
Service (Layanan Kepolisian
Metropolitan) London memperkirakan
bahwa terdapat sekitar 1.200 wanita
tunasusila dan 62 rumah bordil di
Whitechapel.[3] Permasalahan ekonomi
ini juga disertai dengan peningkatan
ketegangan sosial. Antara tahun 1886
dan 1889, berbagai aksi demonstrasi
terjadi, seperti pada tanggal 13
November 1887, yang menyebabkan
semakin meluasnya campur tangan
polisi dan kerusuhan massa.[4] Rasisme,
kriminalitas, kerusuhan sosial, dan
kemiskinan memunculkan persepsi
publik bahwa Whitechapel merupakan
sarang imoralitas utama di London.[5]
Pada tahun 1888, persepsi ini semakin
diperkuat dengan terjadinya serangkaian
pembunuhan keji dan mengerikan yang
dikaitkan dengan "Jack the Ripper",
mendapat liputan luas dari media yang
belum pernah terjadi sebelumnya.[6]
Pembunuhan
Lokasi dari tujuh Pembunuhan Whitechapel –
Osborn Street (kanan tengah), George Yard (kiri
tengah), Hanbury Street (atas), Buck's Row (paling
kanan), Berner Street (kanan bawah), Mitre Square
(kiri bawah), dan Dorset Street (kiri tengah)
Lima kanonis
Dari atas ke bawah: Mary Ann Nichols (43), Annie
Chapman (47), Elizabeth Stride (44), Catherine
Eddowes (46).
Lima kanonik
korban Jack the Ripper
Mary Ann Nichols
Annie Chapman
Elizabeth Stride
Catherine Eddowes
Mary Jane Kelly
Pembunuhan Whitechapel
sesudahnya
Alice McKenzie, 40 (atas), Frances Coles, 25
(bawah).
Korban lainnya
Investigasi
Inspektur Frederick Abberline, 1888
Profil kriminal
Tersangka
Surat
Surat-surat Jack the Ripper
Surat "Dear Boss"
Kartu pos "Saucy Jacky"
Surat "From Hell"
Surat Openshaw
Selama pembunuhan Ripper, pihak
kepolisian, surat kabar, dan yang lainnya
telah menerima ratusan surat mengenai
kasus tersebut.[85] Beberapa di antaranya
bermaksud baik dengan memberi
nasihat untuk menangkap si pembunuh,
tetapi kebanyakannya hanya lelucon dan
tidak berguna.[86]
Media
Halaman surat kabar yang menjuluki si pembunuh
dengan "Kulit Apron", September 1888
Pengaruh
'Nemesis of Neglect': Jack the Ripper digambarkan
sebagai sosok hantu yang menguntit Whitechapel,
kartun di majalah Punch pada tahun 1888
Lihat juga
Daftar pembunuh berantai menurut
jumlah korban
Servant Girl Annihilator
Catatan kaki
1. ^ Kershen, Anne J., "The Immigrant
Community of Whitechapel at the
Time of the Jack the Ripper
Murders", in Werner, hlm. 65–97;
Vaughan, Laura, "Mapping the East
End Labyrinth", in Werner, hlm. 225
2. ^ Life and Labour of the People in
London (London: Macmillan, 1902–
1903) (Charles Booth on-line
archive) retrieved 5 August 2008
3. ^ Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper:
Letters from Hell, hlm. 1; Police
report dated 25 October 1888, MEPO
3/141 ff. 158–163, quoted in Evans
and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the
Ripper Sourcebook, hlm. 283; Fido,
hlm. 82; Rumbelow, hlm. 12
4. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 131–149;
Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 38–42;
Rumbelow, hlm. 21–22
5. ^ Marriott, John, "The Imaginative
Geography of the Whitechapel
murders", in Werner, hlm. 31–63
6. ^ Haggard, Robert F. (1993), "Jack
the Ripper As the Threat of Outcast
London", Essays in History, vol. 35,
Corcoran Department of History at
the University of Virginia
7. ^ Woods and Baddeley, hlm. 20
8. ^ a b c d e f g The Enduring Mystery of
Jack the Ripper , London
Metropolitan Police, diakses tanggal
31 January 2010
9. ^ Cook, hlm. 33–34; Evans and
Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the
Ripper Sourcebook, hlm. 3
10. ^ Cook, hlm. 151
11. ^ a b c d Keppel, Robert D.; Weis,
Joseph G.; Brown, Katherine M.;
Welch, Kristen (2005), "The Jack the
Ripper Murders: A Modus Operandi
and Signature Analysis of the 1888–
1891 Whitechapel Murders" , Journal
of Investigative Psychology and
Offender Profiling, vol. 2, hlm. 1–21
12. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 47–55
13. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 27–28; Evans
and Rumbelow, hlm. 47–50; Evans
and Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the
Ripper Sourcebook, hlm. 4–7
14. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 28; Evans and
Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the
Ripper Sourcebook, hlm. 4–7
15. ^ e.g. The Star, 8 September 1888,
quoted in Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 155–156 and
Cook, hlm. 62
16. ^ a b c d e Davenport-Hines, Richard
(2004). "Jack the Ripper (fl. 1888)" ,
Oxford Dictionary of National
Biography. Oxford University Press.
Subscription required for online
version.
17. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 29–31; Evans
and Rumbelow, hlm. 47–50; Marriott,
hlm. 5–7
18. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 51–55
19. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 51–55;
Marriott, hlm. 13
20. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 60–61;
Rumbelow, hlm. 24–27
21. ^ Rumbelow, hlm. 42
22. ^ Marriott, hlm. 26–29; Rumbelow,
hlm. 42
23. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 153; Cook,
hlm. 163; Evans and Skinner, The
Ultimate Jack the Ripper
Sourcebook, hlm. 98; Marriott, hlm.
59–75
24. ^ Cook, hlm. 157; Marriott, hlm. 81–
125
25. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 176–184
26. ^ a b Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 193–194;
Chief Inspector Swanson's report, 6
November 1888, HO
144/221/A49301C, quoted in Evans
and Skinner, hlm. 185–188
27. ^ e.g. Evans and Skinner, Jack the
Ripper: Letters from Hell, hlm. 30;
Rumbelow, hlm. 118
28. ^ Cook, hlm. 143; Fido, hlm. 47–52;
Sugden, hlm. 254
29. ^ Letter from Charles Warren to
Godfrey Lushington, Permanent
Under-Secretary of State for the
Home Department, 6 November
1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, quoted
in Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate
Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, hlm.
183–184
30. ^ e.g. Daily Telegraph, 10 November
1888, quoted in Evans and Skinner,
The Ultimate Jack the Ripper
Sourcebook, hlm. 339–340
31. ^ Macnaghten's notes quoted by
Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate
Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, hlm.
584–587; Fido, hlm. 98
32. ^ Cook, hlm. 151; Woods and
Baddeley, hlm. 85
33. ^ Macnaghten's notes quoted by
Cook, hlm. 151; Evans and Skinner,
The Ultimate Jack the Ripper
Sourcebook, hlm. 584–587 and
Rumbelow, hlm. 140
34. ^ a b c d e f Letter from Thomas Bond
to Robert Anderson, 10 November
1888, HO 144/221/A49301C, quoted
in Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate
Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, hlm.
360–362 and Rumbelow, hlm. 145–
147
35. ^ e.g. Cook, hlm. 156–159, 199
36. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 260
37. ^ Interview in the East London
Observer, 14 May 1910, quoted in
Cook, hlm. 179–180 and Evans and
Rumbelow, hlm. 239
38. ^ Marriott, hlm. 231–234; Rumbelow,
hlm. 157
39. ^ a b Evans and Rumbelow, hlm.
245–246; Evans and Skinner, The
Ultimate Jack the Ripper
Sourcebook, hlm. 422–439
40. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 208–
209; Rumbelow, hlm. 131
41. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 209
42. ^ Marriott, hlm. 195
43. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 210;
Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate
Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, hlm.
480–515
44. ^ a b Evans and Rumbelow, hlm.
218–222; Evans and Skinner, The
Ultimate Jack the Ripper
Sourcebook, hlm. 551–568
45. ^ a b c Evans, Stewart hlm.; Connell,
Nicholas (2000). The Man Who
Hunted Jack the Ripper. ISBN 1-
902791-05-3
46. ^ Fido, hlm. 15
47. ^ The name "Fairy Fay" was first used
by Terrence Robinson in Reynold's
News, 29 October 1950, "for want of
a better name".
48. ^ Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate
Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, hlm. 3
49. ^ a b Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Facts, hlm. 21–25
50. ^ The Eastern Post and City
Chronicle, 7 April 1888
51. ^ Beadle, William (2009), Jack the
Ripper: Unmasked, London: John
Blake, ISBN 978-1-84454-688-6, hlm.
75
52. ^ Beadle, hlm. 77; Fido, hlm. 16
53. ^ e.g. East London Advertiser, 31
March 1888
54. ^ Beadle, hlm. 207
55. ^ Beadle, hlm. 207; Evans and
Rumbelow, hlm. 202; Fido, hlm. 100
56. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 142–
144
57. ^ a b Gordon, R. Michael (2002), The
Thames Torso Murders of Victorian
London, Jefferson, North Carolina:
McFarland & Company, ISBN 978-0-
7864-1348-5
58. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 210–
213
59. ^ Gordon, R. Michael (2003), The
American Murders of Jack the
Ripper, Santa Barbara, California:
Greenwood Publishing, ISBN 978-0-
275-98155-6, hlm. xxii, 190
60. ^ a b c Evans and Skinner, Jack the
Ripper: Letters from Hell, hlm. 136
61. ^ a b c Vanderlinden, Wolf (2003–04).
"The New York Affair", in Ripper
Notes part one No. 16 (July 2003);
part two No. 17 (January 2004), part
three No. 19 (July 2004 ISBN 0-
9759129-0-9)
62. ^ a b Canter, David (1994), Criminal
Shadows: Inside the Mind of the
Serial Killer, London: HarperCollins,
hlm. 12–13, ISBN 0-00-255215-9
63. ^ Inspector Donald Swanson's report
to the Home Office, 19 October 1888,
HO 144/221/A49301C, quoted in
Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Definitive
History, hlm. 205; Evans and
Rumbelow, hlm. 113; Evans and
Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the
Ripper Sourcebook, hlm. 125
64. ^ Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate
Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, hlm.
675
65. ^ Begg, hlm. 205; Evans and
Rumbelow, hlm. 84–85
66. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 57
67. ^ e.g. Evans and Skinner, The
Ultimate Jack the Ripper
Sourcebook, hlm. 245–252
68. ^ Rumbelow, hlm. 274
69. ^ Inspector Donald Swanson's report
to the Home Office, 19 October 1888,
HO 144/221/A49301C, quoted in
Begg, Jack the Ripper: The Definitive
History, hlm. 206 and Evans and
Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the
Ripper Sourcebook, hlm. 125
70. ^ Marriott, John, "The Imaginative
Geography of the Whitechapel
murders", in Werner, hlm. 48
71. ^ Rumbelow, hlm. 93; Daily
Telegraph, 10 November 1888,
quoted in Evans and Skinner, The
Ultimate Jack the Ripper
Sourcebook, hlm. 341
72. ^ Robert Anderson to Home Office,
10 January 1889, 144/221/A49301C
ff. 235–6, quoted in Evans and
Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the
Ripper Sourcebook, hlm. 399
73. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 186–
187; Evans and Skinner, The Ultimate
Jack the Ripper Sourcebook, hlm.
359–360
74. ^ Canter, hlm. 5–6
75. ^ Woods and Baddeley, hlm. 38
76. ^ See also later contemporary
editions of Richard von Krafft-Ebing's
Psychopathia Sexualis, quoted in
Woods and Baddeley, hlm. 111
77. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 187–
188, 261; Woods and Baddeley, hlm.
121–122
78. ^ Marriott, hlm. 205; Rumbelow, hlm.
263
79. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 43
80. ^ Woods and Baddeley, hlm. 111–
114
81. ^ Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 261
82. ^ e.g. Frederick Abberline in the Pall
Mall Gazette, 31 March 1903, quoted
in Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 264
83. ^ a b Whiteway, Ken (2004). "A Guide
to the Literature of Jack the Ripper",
Canadian Law Library Review, vol. 29
hlm. 219–229
84. ^ Eddleston, hlm. 195–244
85. ^ Donald McCormick memperkirakan
"mungkin paling sedikit 2000"
(quoted in Evans and Skinner, Jack
the Ripper: Letters from Hell, hlm.
180). The Illustrated Police News of
20 October 1888 berkata bahwa
sekitar 700 surat telah diselidiki oleh
polisi (quoted in Evans and Skinner,
Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell,
hlm. 199). Lebih dari 300 surat
disimpan di London Records Office
(Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper:
Letters from Hell, hlm. 149).
86. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 165; Evans
and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters
from Hell, hlm. 105; Rumbelow, hlm.
105–116
87. ^ Lebih dari 200 surat disimpan di
Public Record Office (Evans and
Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters
from Hell, hlm. 8, 180).
88. ^ Fido, hlm. 6–10; Marriott, hlm. 219
ff.
89. ^ Cook, hlm. 76–77; Evans and
Rumbelow, hlm. 137; Evans and
Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters
from Hell, hlm. 16–18; Woods and
Baddeley, hlm. 48–49
90. ^ Cook, hlm. 78–79; Marriott, hlm.
221
91. ^ Cook, hlm. 79; Evans and Skinner,
Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell,
hlm. 179; Marriott, hlm. 221
92. ^ Cook, hlm. 77–78; Evans and
Rumbelow, hlm. 140; Evans and
Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the
Ripper Sourcebook, hlm. 193; Fido,
hlm. 7
93. ^ Cook, hlm. 87; Evans and Skinner,
The Ultimate Jack the Ripper
Sourcebook, hlm. 652
94. ^ Eddleston, hlm. 155; Marriott, hlm.
223
95. ^ Marriott, hlm. 223
96. ^ Marriott, hlm. 219–222
97. ^ a b Cook, hlm. 79–80; Fido, hlm. 8–
9; Marriott, hlm. 219–222;
Rumbelow, hlm. 123
98. ^ e.g. Cullen, Tom (1965), Autumn of
Terror, London: The Bodley Head,
hlm. 103
99. ^ a b Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 170;
Fido, hlm. 78–80
100. ^ Wolf, Gunter (2008). "A kidney from
hell? A nephrological view of the
Whitechapel murders in 1888" .
Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation
vol. 23 hlm. 3343–3349
(Subscription required)
101. ^ Cook, hlm. 146; Fido, hlm. 78
102. ^ Jack the Ripper 'letter' made
public , BBC, 19 April 2001, retrieved
2 Januari 2010
103. ^ Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper:
Letters from Hell, hlm. 32–33
104. ^ Letter from Charles Warren to
Godfrey Lushington, 10 October
1888, Metropolitan Police Archive
MEPO 1/48, quoted in Cook, hlm. 78;
Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 140 and
Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper:
Letters from Hell, hlm. 43
105. ^ Quoted in Evans and Skinner, Jack
the Ripper: Letters from Hell, hlm. 41,
52 and Woods and Baddeley, hlm. 54
106. ^ Cook, hlm. 94–95; Evans and
Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters
From Hell, hlm. 45–48; Evans and
Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the
Ripper Sourcebook, hlm. 624–633;
Marriott, hlm. 219–222; Rumbelow,
hlm. 121–122
107. ^ Quoted in Cook, hlm. 96–97; Evans
and Skinner, Jack the Ripper: Letters
from Hell, hlm. 49; Evans and
Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the
Ripper Sourcebook, hlm. 193; and
Marriott, hlm. 254
108. ^ Professor Francis E. Camps,
August 1966, "More on Jack the
Ripper", Crime and Detection, quoted
in Evans and Skinner, Jack the
Ripper: Letters from Hell, hlm. 51–52
109. ^ a b Woods and Baddeley, hlm. 20,
52
110. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 208
111. ^ Curtis, L. Perry, Jr. (2001). Jack the
Ripper and the London Press. Yale
University Press. ISBN 0-300-08872-
8
112. ^ Manchester Guardian, 6 September
1888, dikutip dari Begg, Jack the
Ripper: The Definitive History, hlm.
98
113. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 214
114. ^ e.g. Manchester Guardian, 10
September 1888, and Austin
Statesman, 5 September 1888,
quoted in Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 98–99; The
Star, 5 September 1888, quoted in
Evans and Rumbelow, hlm. 80
115. ^ Leytonstone Express and
Independent, 8 September 1888,
quoted in Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 99
116. ^ a b e.g. Marriott, hlm. 251;
Rumbelow, hlm. 49
117. ^ Report by Inspector Joseph
Helson, CID 'J' Division, in the
Metropolitan Police archive, MEPO
3/140 ff. 235–8, quoted in Begg,
Jack the Ripper: The Definitive
History, hlm. 99 and Evans and
Skinner, The Ultimate Jack the
Ripper Sourcebook, hlm. 24
118. ^ Evans and Skinner, Jack the Ripper:
Letters from Hell, hlm. 13, 86; Fido,
hlm. 7
119. ^ Ackroyd, Peter, "Introduction", in
Werner, hlm. 10; Rivett and
Whitehead, hlm. 11
120. ^ Marriott, John, "The Imaginative
Geography of the Whitechapel
murders", in Werner, hlm. 54
121. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 1–2; Rivett
and Whitehead, hlm. 15
122. ^ Cook, hlm. 139–141; Vaughan,
Laura, "Mapping the East End
Labyrinth", in Werner, hlm. 236–237
123. ^ Dennis, Richard, "Common
Lodgings and 'Furnished Rooms':
Housing in 1880s Whitechapel", in
Werner, hlm. 177–179
124. ^ Rumbelow, hlm. xv; Woods and
Baddeley, hlm. 136
125. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 19
126. ^ Dew, Walter (1938). I Caught
Crippen. London: Blackie and Son.
hlm. 126, quoted in Begg, hlm. 198
127. ^ a b Bloom, Clive, "Jack the Ripper –
A Legacy in Pictures", in Werner, hlm.
251
128. ^ Woods and Baddeley, hlm. 150
129. ^ Bloom, Clive, "Jack the Ripper – A
Legacy in Pictures", in Werner, hlm.
252–253
130. ^ Bloom, Clive, "Jack the Ripper – A
Legacy in Pictures", in Werner, hlm.
255–260
131. ^ Cook, hlm. 31
132. ^ Marks, Kathy (18 May 2006). "Was
Jack the Ripper a Woman?" The
Independent, retrieved 5 May 2009
133. ^ Meikle, hlm. 197; Rumbelow, hlm.
246
134. ^ Begg, Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History, hlm. 299; Marriott,
hlm. 272–277; Rumbelow, hlm. 251–
253
135. ^ Woods and Baddeley, hlm. 70, 124
136. ^ Evans, Stewart hlm. (April 2003).
"Ripperology, A Term Coined By ...",
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20080321211934 di
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Casebook , retrieved 13 June 2010
137. ^ Creaton, Heather (May 2003)
"Recent Scholarship on Jack the
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138. ^ Chapman, Pauline (1984). Madame
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139. ^ Warwick, Alexandra (2006), "The
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141. ^ Woods and Baddeley, hlm. 176
Referensi
Begg, Paul (2003). Jack the Ripper: The
Definitive History. London: Pearson
Education. ISBN 0-582-50631-X
Begg, Paul (2006). Jack the Ripper: The
Facts. Anova Books. ISBN 1-86105-687-7
Cook, Andrew (2009). Jack the Ripper.
Stroud, Gloucestershire: Amberley
Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84868-327-3
Curtis, Lewis Perry (2001). Jack The Ripper
& The London Press. Yale University Press.
ISBN 0-300-08872-8
Eddleston, John J. (2002). Jack the Ripper:
An Encyclopedia. London: Metro Books.
ISBN 1-84358-046-2
Evans, Stewart hlm.; Rumbelow, Donald
(2006). Jack the Ripper: Scotland Yard
Investigates. Stroud, Gloucestershire:
Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-7509-4228-2
Evans, Stewart hlm.; Skinner, Keith (2000).
The Ultimate Jack the Ripper Sourcebook:
An Illustrated Encyclopedia. London:
Constable and Robinson. ISBN 1-84119-
225-2
Evans, Stewart hlm.; Skinner, Keith (2001).
Jack the Ripper: Letters from Hell. Stroud,
Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing. ISBN 0-
7509-2549-3
Fido, Martin (1987), The Crimes, Detection
and Death of Jack the Ripper, London:
Weidenfeld and Nicolson, ISBN 0-297-
79136-2
Marriott, Trevor (2005). Jack the Ripper: The
21st Century Investigation. London: John
Blake. ISBN 1-84454-103-7
Meikle, Denis (2002). Jack the Ripper: The
Murders and the Movies. Richmond, Surrey:
Reynolds and Hearn Ltd. ISBN 1-903111-32-
3
Rivett, Miriam; Whitehead, Mark (2006).
Jack the Ripper. Harpenden, Hertfordshire:
Pocket Essentials. ISBN 978-1-904048-69-5
Rumbelow, Donald (2004). The Complete
Jack the Ripper. Fully Revised and Updated.
Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-017395-6
Sugden, Philip (2002). The Complete History
of Jack the Ripper. Carroll & Graf
Publishers. ISBN 0-7867-0276-1
Werner, Alex (editor, 2008). Jack the Ripper
and the East End. London: Chatto & Windus.
ISBN 978-0-7011-8247-2
Woods, Paul; Baddeley, Gavin (2009). Saucy
Jack: The Elusive Ripper. Hersham, Surrey:
Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7110-
3410-5
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