MODUL 2 : PENYAKIT KELAINAN JARINGAN PERIODONTAL

FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN GIGI

UNIVERSITAS BAITURRAHMAH
PADANG

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

Telah didiskusikan dan dipresentasikan laporan kasus berjudul “Periodontitis”

guna melengkapi persyaratan kepaniteraan klinik pada bagian periodonsia.

Padang, 2015
Disetujui oleh
Dosen Pembimbing

(drg. Fauzia Nilam .O., MDSc)

i
 KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT dan berkat rahmat-Nya lah penulis dapat

menyelesaikan laporan kasus ini.

Adapun dalam laporan kasus ini penulis membahas kasus di bidang

periodonsia mengenai “Periodontitis”. Pembahasan ini di tujukan kepada siapapun

yang membaca laporan kasus ini agar dapat mengetahuinya. Mudah-mudahan

penulisan ini bermanfaat bagi kita semua dan dapat menambah ilmu pengetahuan

bagi pembaca.

Demikian laporan kasus ini penulis susun, apabila ada kekurangan penulis

mohon kritik dan saran yang membangun dari pembaca.

Salam hormat,

Penulis

ii
 DAFTAR ISI

Halaman
Halaman Pengesahan...................................................................................... i
Kata Pengantar .............................................................................................. ii
Daftar Isi.......................................................................................................... iii
Daftar Tabel..................................................................................................... iv
Daftar Gambar................................................................................................ v

STATUS PERIODONTAL............................................................................. 1
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .............................................................................. 2
1.1 Latar Belakang ....................................................................................... 2
1.2 Tujuan...................................................................................................... 3
1.3 Manfaat.................................................................................................... 3

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA..................................................................... 4

2.1 Definisi Periodontitis............................................................................... 4
2.2 Etiologi Periodontitis .............................................................................. 4
2.2.1 Faktor Lokal................................................................................ 5
2.2.2 Faktor Sistemik ........................................................................... 7
2.3 Klasifikasi Periodontitis.......................................................................... 8
2.4 Patogenesis Periodontitis......................................................................... 11
2.5 Perawatan Penyakit Periodontal.............................................................. 12
2.6 Pencegahan Penyakit Periodontal........................................................... 14
2.7 Metode Penyikatan Gigi.......................................................................... 15

BAB III LAPORAN KASUS......................................................................... 21

3.1 Identifikasi Masalah................................................................................ 21
3.2 Pemeriksaan Subjektif............................................................................. 21
3.3 Pemeriksaan Objektif.............................................................................. 22
3.4 Pemeriksaan Rontgen Foto...................................................................... 24
3.5 Diagnosis................................................................................................. 24
3.6 Faktor Etiologi......................................................................................... 25
3.7 Prognosis................................................................................................. 25

BAB IV RENCANA PERAWATAN.............................................................. 26

4.1 Alat dan Bahan........................................................................................ 26
4.2 Rencana Perawatan................................................................................. 26

BAB V HASIL PERAWATAN....................................................................... 31

iii
BAB VI PENUTUP ........................................................................................ 32
6.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................... 34
6.2 Saran ................................................................................................ 34

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 35

iv
 DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman

Tabel 1. Derajat kebersihan mulut

..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
24
Tabel 2. Pengukuran Papillary Bleeding Index
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
31
Tabel 3. Pengukuran Plaque Index
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
31
Tabel 4.Pengukuran Kedalaman Saku(KS), jarak CEJ-CGM (CC), Level
Attachment (LA), Leher Keratin GingiVa (KG) dan Lebar Attached
Gingiva (AG) region 42,41,31,32
............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................
31
Tabel 5. Skor CI, DI, OH dan level OH
..........................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................
31

v
vi
 DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 1. Gambaran gingiva normal dan periodontitis

.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
4

Gambar 2. Plak dan kalkulus dapat menyebabkan periodontitis

.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
5

Gambar 3. Penampang melintang gingiva

.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
12

Gambar 4. Kerusakan jaringan periodonsium

.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
12

Gambar 5. Penempatan ujung bulu sikat pada metode Bass. A. Kedalam

sulkus; B. Di daerah interproksimal
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
15

Gambar 6. Arah gerakan sikat gigi. A. Pada permukaan vestibular; B.

Pada permukaan oral
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
16

Gambar 7. Penyikatan permukaan vestibular gigi kaninus dengan metode

Bass. A. Penyikatan pada separoh bagian distal; B. Penyikatan
pada separoh bagian mesial
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
16

Gambar 8. Penyikatan permukaan oral regio anterior dengan metode Bass

apabila lengkung giginya cukup lebar

vii
 .....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
17

Gambar 9. Penyikatan pada permukaan oral regio anterior dengan metode

Bass pada lengkung gigi yang sempit. A. Rahang atas; B.
Rahang bawah
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
17

Gambar 10. Penyikatan permukaan oklusal dengan metoda Bass

.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
17

Gambar 11. Penyikatan gigi dengan metode Stillman

.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
19

Gambar 12. Penyikatan gigi dengan metode Charter.

.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
20

Gambar 13 Periodontitis pada kasus bagian (a) vestibular dan (b) oral
.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
23

Gambar 14 Periodontitis pada kasus setelah perawatan

32

viii