PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

LEARNING OBJECTIVE (Tujuan Pembelajaran)

 Siswa dapat mengidentifikasi struktur kalimat present perfect tense

 Siswa dapat mengidentifikasi fungsi penggunaan present perfect tense
 Siswa dapat bertanya menggunakan perfect present tense
 Siswa dapat membuat pernyataan menggunakan perfect present tense

A. PENGERTIAN PRESENT PERFECT TENSE ?

Present perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan hubungan antara masa kini (present)
dan masa lalu (past) untuk menyatakan kegiatan/aktivitas yang telah dimulai pada masa lampau
(past) dan masih berlanjut hingga saat ini (present). Waktu tindakan atau kejadiannya adalah
sebelum saat ini, tetapi tidak spesifik, dan sering kali lebih terfokus pada hasil atau akibatnya
daripada tindakan itu sendiri atau kejadian yang telah selesai pada masa lampau (past) namun
efeknya masih bisa dirasakan hingga saat ini (present).

B. RUMUS PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Ada dua macam rumus untuk membuat kalimat yaitu kalimat verbal (kalimat yang
menggunakan kata kerja) dan kalimat nominal (kalimat yang tidak mengguanakan kata kerja.

1. PRESENT PERFECT VERBAL

Kalimat verbal adalah kalimat yang predikatnya menggunakan kata kerja. Berikut ini
adalah pola kalimatnya
POSITIVE ( + )
Subject + have/has + past participle (verb-3) + complement
subject auxilary past participle complement
I
You
have
They object
We Verb 3 adverb
She etc.
He has
It
Contoh:

o I have played violin o He has eaten pizza

Subject + auxilary + V-3 + object Subject + auxilary + V-3 + object
 NEGATIVE ( - )
Subject + have/has + NOT + past participle (verb-3) + complement
subject auxilary NOT past participle complement
I
You
have
They object
We not Verb 3 adverb
She etc.
He has
It

Contoh:

 My father has NOT bought car

 We have NOT gone to Borobudur
Subject + auxilary + not + V-3 + object
Subject + auxilary + not + V-3 + adverb

INTERROGATIVE ( ? )
Have/has + subject + past participle (verb-3) + complement
auxilary subject past participle complement
I
You
Have
They object
We Verb 3 adverb
She etc.
Has He
It

Contoh:

 Has she met her brother?

 Have you planted flowers?
Auxilary + Subject + V-3 + object
Auxilary + Subject + V-3 + object
 2. PRESENT PERFECT NOMINAL
Kalimat nominal adalah kalimat yang predikatnya bukan menggunakan kata kerja.
Berikut ini adalah pola kalimatnya

POSITIVE ( + )
Subject + have/has + been + complement
subject auxilary be complement
I
You
have
They adjective
We been adverb
She etc.
He has
It

Contoh:

 I have been to Paris  He has been here since 2018

Subject + auxilary + be + adverb Subject + auxilary + be + adverb

NEGATIVE ( - )
Subject + have/has + NOT + been + complement
subject auxilary NOT be complement
I
You
have
They adjective
We not been adverb
She etc.
He has
It

Contoh:

 I have NOT been happy  A cup of coffee has NOT been full
Subject + auxilary + not + be + adjective Subject + auxilary + not + be + adjective
 INERROGATIVE ( ? )
Have/has + subject + ever + been + complement
auxilary subject ever be complement
I
You
Have
They adjective
We ever been adverb
She etc.
Has He
It

Contoh:

 Have you EVER been london bridge?  Has it EVER been to Monas?
Have + subject + ever + been + adverb Has + subject + ever + been + adverb

Note:
Terkadang penulisan atau pengucapan
kalimat menggunakan ‘contraction’
yaitu 2 kata yang disingkat menjadi
satu

Contoh:
I have = I’ve
You have = you’ve
They have = they’ve
We have = we’ve
She has = she’s
He has = he’s
It has = it’s

Jika dalam bentuk negative

Have not = haven’t
Has not = hasn’t
SOAL LATIHAN
A. Change the form of sentences below!
1. He has played guitar. ( ? )
2. Have you finished your homework ( - )
3. Have you seen ghost? ( + )
4. We have drunk all the milk. ( - )
5. She has gone shopping ( ? )

B. Fill the blank with have/has!

1. … she known our new classmate?
2. You … been late for school this week
3. My mother … cooked fried rice for our breakfast
4. He … forgotten his old friend
5. They … went to Ora Beach