Passive Sentences

1. What is Passive Sentence?

Sebelum memusatkan perhatian pada pola-pola kalimat pasif, Anda sebaiknya mengetahui
dan kemudian mengingat bahwa kalimat pasif terbentuk karena ada kalimat aktif yang
mengandung Noun yang berperan sebagai Objek dan tentu saja kalimat yang mengandung Verb
selain Be (atau sering saya istilahkan dengan General Verbs). Sebagaimana yang Anda ketahui
dalam banyak contoh kalimat, Noun berfungsi sebagai Subjek dan juga Objek. Silakan
perhatikan contoh-contoh kalimat di bawah ini.
Contoh:
• You may change the layout of this magazine. (Kalimat aktif)

You merupakan subject pronoun. Sebagai info untuk mengingatkan Anda, Subject pronouns
(she, he, it, they, we, I, you) dan object pronouns (her, him, it, them, us, me, you) merupakan
turunan dari Noun.
The layout of this magazine merupakan noun phrase dan berperan sebagai Objek dalam
kalimat di atas. Karena mengandung Noun yang berfungsi sebagai Objek, maka kalimat di atas
dapat diubah menjadi kalimat pasif menjadi:

The layout of this magazine may be changed by you. (Kalimat pasif)

 Frente has installed the new program in her notebook. (Kalimat aktif)
Frente merupakan subject; berupa Noun karena nama tersebut menunjukkan eksistensi seorang
manusia. Frente dapat disubstitusi dengan subject pronoun She.
Sementara itu, the new program merupakan frase kata benda (noun phrase) yang berperan
sebagai objek.
Dengan demikian, kalimat di atas dapat diubah menjadi kalimat pasif berikut ini.
The new program has been installed by Frente in her notebook. (kalimat pasif)

2. The Structure of Passive Sentence

Kalimat Aktif Kalimat Pasif
Present Simple with General Verbs Present Simple with General Verbs
S (berupa Subject pronoun) + V1 + N/Adj/Adv N + Be Present (is/am/are) + V3 + by + S (yang
Contoh: berubah menjadi Object Pronoun)
She spills a cup of tea on the floor. Contoh:
A cup of tea is spilled by her on the floor.
Past Simple with general verbs Past Simple with general verbs
S (berupa Subject Pronoun) + V2 + N/Adj/Adv N + Be Past (was/were) + V3 + by + S (yang
Contoh: berubah menjadi Object Pronoun)
He put his shoes on the sofa yesterday. Contoh:
His shoes were put by him on the sofa yesterday.
Present Continuous Present Continuous
S (berupa Subject Pronoun) + is/am/are + Ving N + Be Present (is/am/are) + being + V3 + by + S
+ N/Adj/Adv. (yang berubah menjadi Object Pronoun)
Contoh: Contoh:
Wulan is picking her brother in a kindergarten. Wulan’s brother is being picked up by Wulan/her
in a kindergarten.
Past Continuous Past Continuous
S (berupa Subject Pronoun) + was/were + Ving N + Be Past (was/were) + being + V3 + by + S
+ N/Adj/Adv (yang berubah menjadi Object Pronoun)
Contoh: Contoh:
Hanny was peeling the oranges at 7 a.m. this The oranges were being peeled by Hanny at 7
morning. a.m. this morning.

Present Perfect with General Verb Present Perfect with General Verb
S (berupa Subject Pronoun) + has/have + V3 + N + has/have + been + V3 + by + S (yang
N/Adj/Adv berubah menjadi Object Pronoun)
Contoh: Contoh:
Gerard has noticed her signs of love for a Her signs of love have been noticed by
month. Gerard/him for a month.
Past Perfect with General Verb
S (berupa Subject Pronoun) + had + V3 +
N/Adj/Adv
Contoh:
Prima had summarized the journals before his
mom knocked the door.
Past Perfect with General Verb
N + had + been + V3 + by + S (yang berubah
menjadi Object Pronoun)
Contoh:
The journals had been summarized by Prima/him
before his mom knocked the door.