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Waters, C.Donald.J., Inventory Control and Management, 2nd Edition, 1949
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Waters, C.Donald.J., Inventory Control and Management, 2nd Edition, 1949
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TIPE-TIPE STOCK
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KLASIFIKASI STOCK/PERSEDIAAN
1. Cycle Stock adalah persediaan normal yang digunakan selama operasi
2. Safety stock adalah persediaan bahan yang disimpan untuk keadaan darurat
4. Pipeline stock adalah barang berada dalam proses yang mengalir dari satu lokasi ke
lokasi lain
5. Other stock adalah persediaan yang dimiliki karena beberapa alasan lain
Deterministik
Ketidakpastian Ketidakpastian
Probabilistik
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SUMBER KETIDAKPASTIAN
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DAMPAK KETIDAKPASTIAN
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SAFETY STOCK
Safety Stock (SS)
ss = z.s.
t
L
Secara praktis nilai Z dapat dihitung dengan fungsi
matematis pada microsoft excel z = normsinv(prob)
Atau bisa dilihat dalam table distribusi normal
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DL r
ROP Quantity
ss
0 Z Z - scale
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CONTOH : PERHITUNGAN SS
Maka :
SS = Z. L
SS = 2.06 x 100 1
SS = 206 Unit
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CONTOH : PERHITUNGAN SS
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PERMASALAHAN
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H = h.C
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Ordering Cost
• Buyer time
• Transportation cost
• Receiving cost
• Other cost
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CONTOH :
LOT SIZING FOR A SINGLE PRODUCT (ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY)
Permintaan computer di Best Buy 1,000 unit per bulan. Best Buy memiliki fixed cost setiap
penyelesaian order, Transportasi, dan proses penerimaan sebesar 4,000$ setiap kali
order diterima dan dikerjakan. Biaya computer adalah 500$/unit, dan biaya holding di
retailere 0.2. Evaluasi jumlah computer yang sebaiknya di pesan dalam setiap lot nya
(replenishment lot).
Jawab :
Order tahunan , D = 1,000 X 12 = 12,000 unit
Biaya order per lot , S = $ 4,000
Biaya computer , C = $ 500
Holding cost (biaya penyimpanan) per tahun sebagai bagian dari biaya unit , h = 0.2
Untuk meminimalkan biaya, maka order replenishment sebanyak 980 unit per lot.
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CONTOH :
LOT SIZING FOR A SINGLE PRODUCT (ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY)
Cycle inventory
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CONTOH :
ALL ORDER QUANTITY DISCOUNTS
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CONTOH :
ALL ORDER QUANTITY DISCOUNTS
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KEBIJAKAN INVENTORY
1. Besarnya ukuran pemesanan (Qo)
2. Saat pemesanan dilakukan (r) = ROP / Re Order Point
3. Besarnya Safety Stock (SS)
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KRITERIA KINERJA
1. Tingkat Pelayanan
2. Ongkos Inventori
3. Tingkat Pengembalian Investasi
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METODE
1. Model Sederhana
2. Model Q
3. Model P
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METODE SEDERHANA
Model Sederhana
=
Model Deterministik
+
Safety Stock
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Q*
r*
ss
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MODEL - Q
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POSISI INVENTORY
Q*
r*
ss
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PERMASALAHAN
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KRITERIA KINERJA
1. Tingkat Pelayanan
2. Ongkos Inventori
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MODEL - P
1. Pesanan dilakukan menurut suatu interval pemesanan yang tetap (T).
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q0 r= D L
L L L t
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PERMASALAHAN
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KRITERIA KINERJA
1. Tingkat Pelayanan
2. Ongkos Inventori
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TABEL NORMAL
A table entry is the proportion of the area under the curve from a z
of 0 to a positive value of z. To find the area from a z of 0 to a
negative z, subtract the tabled value from 1.
z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
.0 .5000 .5040 .5080 .5120 .5160 .5199 .5239 .5279 .5319 .5359
.1 .5398 .5438 .5478 .5517 .5557 .5596 .5636 .5675 .5714 .5753
.2 .5793 .5832 .5871 .5910 .5948 .5987 .6026 .6064 .6103 .6141
.3 .6179 .6217 .6255 .6293 .6331 .6368 .6406 .6443 .6480 .6517
.4 .6554 .6591 .6628 .6664 .6700 .6736 .6772 .6808 .6844 .6879
.5 .6915 .6950 .6985 .7019 .7054 .7088 .7123 .7157 .7190 .7224
.6 .7257 .7291 .7324 .7357 .7389 .7422 .7454 .7486 .7517 .7549
.7 .7580 .7611 .7642 .7673 .7704 .7734 .7764 .7794 .7823 .7852
.8 .7881 .7910 .7939 .7967 .7995 .8023 .8051 .8078 .8106 .8133
.9 .8159 .8186 .8212 .8238 .8264 .8289 .8315 .8340 .8365 .8389
1.0 .8413 .8438 .8461 .8485 .8508 .8531 .8554 .8577 .8599 .8621
1.1 .8643 .8665 .8686 .8708 .8729 .8749 .8770 .8790 .8810 .8830
1.2 .8849 .8869 .8888 .8907 .8925 .8944 .8962 .8980 .8997 .9015
1.3 .9032 .9049 .9066 .9082 .9099 .9115 .9131 .9147 .9162 .9177
1.4 .9192 .9207 .9222 .9236 .9251 .9265 .9279 .9292 .9306 .9319
1.5 .9332 .9345 .9357 .9370 .9382 .9394 .9406 .9418 .9429 .9441
1.6 .9452 .9463 .9474 .9484 .9495 .9505 .9515 .9525 .9535 .9545
1.7 .9554 .9564 .9573 .9582 .9591 .9599 .9608 .9616 .9625 .9633
1.8 .9641 .9649 .9656 .9664 .9671 .9678 .9686 .9693 .9699 .9706
1.9 .9713 .9719 .9726 .9732 .9738 .9744 .9750 .9756 .9761 .9767
2.0 .9772 .9778 .9783 .9788 .9793 .9798 .9803 .9808 .9812 .9817
2.1 .9821 .9826 .9830 .9834 .9838 .9842 .9846 .9850 .9854 .9857
2.2 .9861 .9864 .9868 .9871 .9875 .9878 .9881 .9884 .9887 .9890
2.3 .9893 .9896 .9898 .9901 .9904 .9906 .9909 .9911 .9913 .9916
2.4 .9918 .9920 .9922 .9925 .9927 .9929 .9931 .9932 .9934 .9936
2.5 .9938 .9940 .9941 .9943 .9945 .9946 .9948 .9949 .9951 .9952
2.6 .9953 .9955 .9956 .9957 .9959 .9960 .9961 .9962 .9963 .9964
2.7 .9965 .9966 .9967 .9968 .9969 .9970 .9971 .9972 .9973 .9974
2.8 .9974 .9975 .9976 .9977 .9977 .9978 .9979 .9979 .9980 .9981
2.9 .9981 .9982 .9982 .9983 .9984 .9984 .9985 .9985 .9986 .9986
3.0 .9987 .9987 .9987 .9988 .9988 .9989 .9989 .9989 .9990 .9990
3.1 .9990 .9991 .9991 .9991 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9992 .9993 .9993
3.2 .9993 .9993 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9994 .9995 .9995 .9995
3.3 .9995 .9995 .9995 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9996 .9997
3.4 .9997 .9997 .9997 Senator
.9997 Nur Bahagia@
.9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9997 .9998
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TABEL A
Deviasi Normal Standar Prob. Kekurangan Ordinat Ekspektasi Parsial
Z f(z) (z)
.00 .5000 .3989 .3989
.05 .4801 .3984 .3744
.10 .4602 .3969 .3509
.15 .4404 .3945 .3284
.20 .4207 .3910 .3069
.25 .4013 .3867 .2863
.30 .3821 .3814 .2668
.35 .3632 .3752 .2481
.40 .3446 .3683 .2304
.45 .3264 .3605 .2137
.50 .3086 .3521 .1978
.55 .2912 .3429 .1828
.60 .2743 .3332 .1687
.65 .2579 .3229 .1554
.70 .2420 .3123 .1429
.75 .2267 .3011 .1312
.80 .2119 .2897 .1202
.85 .1977 .2780 .1100
.90 .1841 .2661 .1004
.95 .1711 .2541 .0916
1.00 .1587 .2420 .0833
1.05 .1469 .2300 .0757
1.10 .1357 .2179 .0686
1.15 .1251 .2059 .0621
1.20 .1151 .1942 .0561
1.25 .1057 .1826 .0506
1.30 .0968 .1714 .0455
1.35 .0886 .1604 .0409
1.40 .0808 .1497 .0367
1.45 .0736 .1394 .0328
1.50 .0669 .1295 .0293
1.55 .0606 .1200 .0261
1.60 .0548 .1109 .0232
1.65 .0495 .1023 .0206
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TABEL A (LANJUTAN)
Deviasi Normal Standar Prob. Kekurangan Ekspektasi Parsial
Ordinat f(z)
Z (z)
1.70 .0446 .0940 .0183
1.75 .0401 .0863 .0162
1.80 .0360 .0790 .0143
1.85 .0322 .0721 .0126
1.90 .0288 .0656 .0111
1.95 .0256 .0596 .0097
2.00 .0228 .0540 .0085
2.05 .0202 .0488 .0074
2.10 .0179 .0440 .0065
2.15 .0158 .0396 .0056
2.20 .0140 .0355 .0049
2.25 .0122 .0317 .0042
2.30 .0107 .0283 .0037
2.35 .0094 .0252 .0032
2.40 .0082 .0224 .0027
2.45 .0071 .0198 .0023
2.50 .0062 .0175 .0020
2.55 .0054 .0154 .0017
2.60 .0047 .0136 .0015
2.65 .0040 .0119 .0012
2.70 .0035 .0104 .0011
2.75 .0030 .0091 .0009
2.80 .0026 .0079 .0008
2.85 .0022 .0069 .0006
2.90 .0019 .0059 .0005
2.95 .0016 .0051 .00045
3.00 .0015 .0044 .00038
3.10 .0010 .0033 .00027
3.20 .0007 .0024 .00018
3.30 .0005 .0017 .00013
3.40 .0004 .0012 .00009
3.50 .0003 .009 .00006
3.60 .0002 .006 .00004
3.80 .0001 .003 .00002
4.00 Senator Nur Bahagia@
.00003 .0001 .00001
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