Pengertian Tenses

Tenses adalah bentuk kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris untuk menunjukkan waktu (sekarang,
masa depan, atau masa lalu) terjadinya suatu perbuatan atau peristiwa.

1. Simple (Sederhana). Artinya tidak ingin menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaanya tersebut

sedang dilakukan, telah dilakukan atau masih berlangung.
2. Continuous (Sedang dilakukan). Artinya ingin menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaanya
tersebut sedang dilakukan.
3. Perfect (Telah dilakukan). Artinya ingin menunjukkan bahwa pekerjaannya telah
selesai dilakukan.

16 Tenses Bahasa Inggris beserta Rumus dan Contoh Kalimatnya.

1. Simple Present Tense

Menyatakan kebiasaan, fakta, dan peristiwa masa sekarang.

Rumus :

Subject ( I, You, We, They ) =      ( + ): Subject + V-1

                                                            ( – ): Subject + do not + V-1

                                                           ( ? ): Do + Subject + V-1

Subject ( He, She, It ) = ( + ): Subject + V-1s/es

                                             ( – ): Subject + does not + V-1

                                             ( ? ): Does + Subject + V-1

Contoh Kalimat :

( + ) Dodi reads a book

( – ) I don’t read a book

( ? ) Does he read a book?

 2. Simple Past Tense

Menyatakan peristiwa di masa lampau.

Rumus :

 ( + ): Subject + V-2

 ( – ): Subject + did not + V-1

( ? ): Did + Subject + V-1

Contoh Kalimat :

( + ) Dodi went to beach yesterday.

( – ) I didn’t read a book

( ? ) Did he read a book?

3. Simple Future Tense

Menyatakan peristiwa yang akan dilakukan masa sekarang.

Rumus :

( + ): Subject +  Will + V-1

 ( – ): Subject + Will not + V-1

( ? ): Will+ Subject + V-1

Note :

Menggunakan “Going to”:

(+): S + be (am/is/are ) + going to + V-1

( – ): S + be (am/is/are) not  + going to + V-1

( ? ): be ( am/is/are ) + S + going to + V-1

Contoh Kalimat :

( + ) Dodi will return the book tomorrow

( – ) I will not buy a book

( – ) will you buy a book?

4. Present Continuous Tense

Menyatakan peristiwa atau tindakan yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau saat pembicaraan
berlangsung.

Rumus:

( + ): S + tobe (am, is are) + Verb I-ing

( – ): S + to be not + Verb I-ing

(?): To be + S + Verb I-ing

Contoh Kalimat :

( + ): She is cooking

( – ): She is not cooking

( ? ): Is she cooking

     5.  Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense adalah bentuk kata kerja yang meyatakan suatu aksi (action) yang dimulah
di masa lalu, dan telah selesai pada waktu tertentu sebelum detik ini (sekarang).

Rumus :

(+) S + auxiliary(have/has) + Verb3 [+ O + Adverb]

(-) S + auxiliary(have/has) + not + Verb3

(?) auxiliary(have/has) + S + Verb3 + ?

Contoh Kalimat :

-They have walked to the cinema.

-She has not (hasn’t) wanted me coming here.

-The students have studied physic well.

-The teacher has not come yet.

-Has she walked to the cinema? 

6. Present Perfect Continuos Tense

Menyatakan tindakan atau peristiwa yang telah selesai dikerjakan pada masa lalu atau baru
dimulai pada masa lalu dan masih berlangsung hingga saat ini.

Rumus:

( + ): S + has/have + been +  V1-ing

( – ): S + has/have not + been + V1-ing

( ? ): Has/Have + S + been + V1-ing

Contoh Kalimat :

( + ): She has been eating

( – ): She has not been eating

( ? ): Has shee been eating

7. Past Perfect Tense

Menyatakan peristiwa atau tindakan yang berlangsang di masa lampau dan telah selesai pada
waktu sebelum peristiwa lainnya terjadi.

Rumus:

( + ): S + had + V-3

( – ): S + had not + V-3

( ? ): had + S + V-3
Contoh Kalimat :

( + ): The taxi had left

( – ): The taxi had not left

( ? ): Had the taxi left?

8. Past Continuous Tense

Menyatakan peristiwa tau tindakan yang terjedai pada waktu tertentu di masa lalu

Rumus:

( + ): S + was/were + Verb-ing

( – ): S + was/were not + Verb-ing

( ? ): was/were + S + Verb-ing

Contoh Kalimat :

( + ) I was studying last nite

( – ) They were not studying last nite

( ? ) was she studying  last nite?

9. Past Perfet Continous Tense

Menyatakan suata peristiwa atau tindakan dengan lama waktu tertentu yang telah selasai pada
waktu tertentau pada masa lampau

Rumus:

( + ): S+ had + been +Verb-ing

( – ): S + had not + been + Verb-ing

( ? ): Had + S + been + Verb-ing

Contoh :

( + ): They had been studying

( – ): They had not been studying

( ? ): Had they been studying?

10. Future Perfect Tense

Menyatakan peristiwa atau tindakan yang akan sudah selesai pada suatu waktu pada masa
mendatang.

Rumus:

( + ): S + will + have + V-3

( – ):S + will not + have + V-3

( ? ): Will + S + have + V-3

Contoh Kalimat:

( + ): They will have studied

( – ): They will not have studied

( ? ): Will they be studied?

11. Future Continous Tense

Menyatakan peristiwa atau tindakan yang akan sedang terjadi pada suatu waktu tertentu pada
masa mendatang

Rumus:

( + ): S + will be + Verb-ing

( – ): S + will not be + Verb-ing

( ? ): Will + S + be + Verb-ing
Contoh Kalimat :

( + ): She will be studying

( – ): She will not be studying

( ? ): Will she be playing

12. Simple Past Future Tense

Menyatakan peristiwa atau tindakan yang akan dilakukan yang terjadi di masa lalu

Rumus:

Menggunakan would:

( + ): S + would + V-1

( – ): S + would not + V-1

( ? ): would + S + V-1

Menggunakan going:

( + ): S + was/were + going to + V-1

( – ): S + was/were not + going to + V-1

( ? ): Was/were + S + going to + V-1

Contoh Kalimat :

( + ): They would attend to this seminar

( – ): They were not going attend to this seminar

( ? ): Would they attend

13. Past Future Continous Tense

Menyatakan peristiwa atau yang akan sedang dilakukan atau akan sedang terjadi pada masa akan
datang ketika berada di masa lalu.
Rumus :

( + ): S + would/should + be + Verb-ing

( – ): S + would/should not + be + Verb-ing

( ? ): Would/should + S + be + Verb-ing?

Contoh Kalimat:

( + ): They would be studying

( – ): They would not be studying

( ? ): Would he be studying?

14. Past Future Perfect Tense

Menyatakan  peristiwa atau tindakan yang akan telah dilakukan pada masa lampau

Rumus:

( + ): S + would/should + have + V-3

( – ): S + would/should + not + have + V-3

( ? ): Would/should + S + have + V-3

Contoh Kalimat:

( + ): Dian would have eaten

( – ): Dian would not have gone

( ? ): Would she have gone?

15. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Menyatakan peristiwa atau tindakan yang telah berlagsung sekian lama pada waktu tertenatu
pada masa yang akan datang.
Rumus:

( + ): S + will + have + been + Verb-ing

( – ): S + will not + have + been + Verb-ing

( ? ): Will + S + have + been + Verb-ing

Contoh Kalimat:

( + ): Doni will have been eating

( – ): Doni will not have been eating

( ? ): Will they have been eating?

16. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Menyatakan peristiwa atau tindakan yang akan sudah berlangsung dalam waktu lama pada durasi
waktu tertentu di masa lalu.

Rumus:

( + ): S + would/should + have + been +  V-ing

( – ): S + would/should + not + have + been +  V-ing

( ? ): Would/should + S + have +  been + V-ing

Contoh Kalimat:

( + ): Dian would have been sleeping

( – ): Dian would not have been sleeping

( ? ): Would she have been sleeping?