TRIGONOMETRI
A. Segitiga Siku-Siku
r
y
α
B x C
De y 1 r
sin =
α = =
, cosec α =
Mi r sin α y
Sa x 1 r
=
cos α = =
, sec α =
Mi r cos α x
De y 1 x
=
tan = =
, cotan α =
Sa x tan α y
217
B. Rumus Sudut yang Berelasi
90°
180° 0°
360°
218
sin (180° − α ) = sin α
cos (180° − α ) = − cos α
tan (180° − α ) = − tan α
3. Sudut-sudut berelasi di kuadran III (relasi α dengan
180° + α atau α dengan 270° − α )
219
Berdasarkan rumus-rumus sudut berelasi di atas, dapat di-
simpulkan:
1. ( 90 0 ± α ) dan ( 270 0 ± α )
• Trigonometri berubah
sin → cos
cos → sin
tan → cot an
• Perhatikan letak kuadran karena menentukan (+) atau (-)
1. Segitiga siku-siku
sin α
• tan α =
cos α
• sin 2 α + co s 2 α = 1
• tan 2 α =
+ 1 sec 2 α
• 1 + cot 2 α = cos ec 2 α
2. Segitiga sembarang
A
α
c b
β γ
B
a C
220
• Aturan sinus
a b c
= =
sin α sin β sin γ
• Aturan kosinus
a2 = b2 + c 2 − 2 ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ cos α
b2 = a2 + c 2 − 2 ⋅ a ⋅ c ⋅ cos β
c 2 = a2 + b2 − 2 ⋅ a ⋅ b ⋅ cos γ
b2 + c 2 − a2
cos α =
2bc
a2 + c 2 − b2
cos β =
2ac
a2 + b2 − c 2
cos γ =
2ab
• Luas segitiga
1 1 1
L= ⋅ a ⋅ b ⋅ sin γ = ⋅ a ⋅ c ⋅ sin β = ⋅ b ⋅ c ⋅ sin α
2 2 2
D. Rumus-rumus Trigonometri
221
2. Sudut Rangkap
sin 2=α 2 sin α cos α
cos =2α cos 2 α − sin 2 α
1 − 2 sin 2 α
=
= 2 cos 2 α − 1
2 tan α
tan 2α =
1 − tan 2 α
3. Sudut Pertengahan
1 1
sin α = ± (1 − cos α )
2 2
1 1
cos α = ± (1 + cos α )
2 2
1 (1 − cos α )
tan α = ±
2 (1 + cos α )
1 1 − cos α
tan α =
2 sin α
1 sin α
tan α =
2 1 + cos α
222
5. Perkalian Sinus dan Cosinus
2 sin α cos β = sin (α + β) + sin (α − β)
2 cos α sin β = sin (α + β) − sin (α − β)
2 cos α cos β = cos (α + β) + cos (α − β)
E. Persamaan Trigonometri
• sin=
x sin α
Solusi:
x = α + k ⋅ 360°
x = (180° − α ) + k ⋅ 360°
• cos=
x cos α
Solusi:
x = α + k ⋅ 360°
x = −α + k ⋅ 360°
• tan=
x tan α
Solusi:
x = α + k ⋅ 180°
F. Pertidaksamaan Trigonometri
Solusi:
1. Nolkan ruas kanan.
2. Buat bentuk pertidaksamaan kuadrat, kemudian
faktorkan.
3. Selesaikan dengan menggunakan garis bilangan.
223
LATIHAN SOAL
1. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2019
sin x + cos x
Jika tan x = 2, maka = .…
sin x − cos x
1
A. C. 2 E. 4
3
1
B. D. 3
2
2. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2019
Jika x adalah sudut dengan 90° < x < 180° , dan
4 − 2 cos 2 x = 5 sin x , maka cos x = .…
1 1 1
A. − 3 C.
− E. −
2 2 2 3
1 1
B. − 2 D.
−
2 2 2
3. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2018
Jika 2 cos x sin x + 1 = 2 cos x + sin x dengan
0 ≤ x ≤ 2π, maka jumlah semua nilai x yang me-
menuhi persamaan tersebut adalah ….
A. 5 π C.
2π E. 3π
6
13 5
B. π D. π
6 2
224
4. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2018
Diketahui P, Q, dan R adalah sudut-sudut suatu segi-
tiga. Jika Q lancip dan 2 tan 2 Q − tan Q = 0 , maka
sin (P + R) = .…
1 1 1
A. − 3 C. 3 E. 3
3 3 2
1 1
B. − D.
2 2
5. SOAL
1. STANDAR UTBK 2019
3
Diketahui bahwa sin 2 x + 3 cos 2 x = 3 2 ,
maka cos 2 2x = ....
2 9
A. C. E. 1
27 27
8 25
B. D.
27 27
6. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2019
π
sin (π + α ) + sin + α
1 2
Jika cos α = , maka = ....
3 tan α
2 −4 2 −4
A. C. E. 2
12 3
B. 2 − 4 D.
2 −4
6
225
7. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2016
3
Jika cos A = dan π < A < 2 π , maka nilai
5
sin A 1
− =
....
cos A sin A
1 1
A. − C. E. 2
2 12
1 4
B. − D.
12 5
8. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2016
Jika cos 2 x = 3 sin x , maka sin x = ....
1−2 3 7+ 3
A. D.
2 2
1− 3 7− 3
B. E.
2 2
2− 3
C.
2
9. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2015
1 1 1 1
Jika sin θ= − dan cos θ= + dengan a, b ≠ 0
a b a b
maka a2 + b2 =
....
2
A. a2 b2 C. E. ab
a b2
2
a2 b2 1
B. D.
2 a2 b2
226
10. SOAL
1. UM UGM 2017
Jika 0 < x < 2π dan cot an 2 x + 2 cos ecx + 2 =0,
π
maka cos x + =....
2
A. –1 C. 0 E. 1
1 1
B. − D.
2 2
11. SOAL
1. STANDAR UTBK 2019
Jika cos x = 2 sin x , maka sin x cos x = ....
1 1 2
A. C. E.
5 3 3
1 2
B. D.
3 5
12. SOAL
1. STANDAR UTBK 2019
1 x−1 1
sin α = maka x 2 + = ....
2 2x x
A. tan 2 α + sin 2 α − 2
B. tan 2 α − sin 2 α + 2
C. sin 2 α − cos 2 α − 2
D. sin 2 α + cos 2 α + 2
E. cos 2 α − tan 2 α + 2
13. SOAL
1. STANDAR UTBK 2019
1
Jika 1 − cot α = − , maka nilai sin 2α + cos 2α = ....
3
227
17 7
A. C. 1 E.
25 5
6 31
B. D.
5 25
14. SOAL
1. STANDAR UTBK 2019
Pada ∆ABC , jika = = 6,
a BC = = 10 ,
b AC
= = 14 dan γ = ∠ACB , maka sin γ = ....
c AB
1 1 1
A. − 3 C. E. 3
2 2 2
1 1
B. − D. 2
2 2
15. SOAL
1. STANDAR UTBK 2019
Hasil penjumlahan semua penyelesaian
π 1
sin 2 x − =untuk 0 ≤ x < 2 π adalah .…
6 2
4 8 14
A. π C. π E. π
3 3 3
10
B. 2π D. π
3
228
PEMBAHASAN
1. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
sin x + cos x
sin x + cos x cos x
=
sin x − cos x sin x − cos x
cos x
tan x + 1
=
tan x − 1
2+1
=
2−1
=3
Jawaban: D
2. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
4 − 2 cos 2 x = 5 sin x
4 − 2 (1 − sin 2 x) = 5 sin x
4 − 2 + 2 sin 2 x = 5 sin x
2 sin 2 x − 5 sin x + 2 = 0
(2 sin x − 1)(sin x − 2) = 0
2 sin x = 1 atau sin x = 2 (TM)
1
sin x =
2
Sehingga,
1
sin x = (90° < x < 180°)
2
x = 150°
1
Sehingga, cos x = cos 150° = − 3.
2
Jawaban: A
229
3. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
2 cos x sin x + 1 = 2 cos x + sin x
2 cos x sin x − 2 cos x = sin x − 1
2 cos x (sin x − 1) = sin x − 1
2 cos x = 1
1
cos x =
2
x = 60°, 300°
Jadi, jumlah semua nilai x yang memenuhi persamaan
tersebut adalah: 60° + 300° = 360° = 2π .
Jawaban: C
4. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
Diketahui P, Q, dan R adalah sudut-sudut suatu segiti-
ga. Q adalah sudut lancip.
2 tan 2 Q − tan Q = 0
tan Q ( )
2 tan Q − 1 = 0
( 2)
2
12 + = 3
230
Perhatikan segitiga PQR berikut!
R
Q
P
Maka:
P + Q + R = 180°
P + R = (180° − Q )
1 1
sin (P + R) = sin (180° − Q ) = sin Q = = 3
3 3
Jawaban: C
5. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
Ingat-ingat!
sin 2 x + cos 2 x = 1
2 sin x cos x = sin 2x
3
sin 2 x + 3 cos 2 x = 3 2
( ) = ( 2)
3 3
3
⇔ sin 2 x + 3 cos 2 x 3
⇔ 1+3 ( 3
sin 2 x cos 2 x ) 2 =2 3
⇔ 33 2( 3
sin 2 x cos 2 x) = 1
1
⇔ ( 3
sin 2 x cos 2 x = ) 3 2 3
2 1 2
⇔ sin x cos x =
54
2
1 1
⇔ sin 2x =
2 54
1
⇔ sin 2 2x =
1 231
4 54
4
1
⇔ ( 3
)
sin 2 x cos 2 x =
33 2
1
⇔ sin 2 x cos 2 x =
54
2
1 1
⇔ sin 2x =
2 54
1 1
⇔ sin 2 2x =
4 54
4
⇔ sin 2 2x =
54
2
⇔ (1 − cos 2 2x) =
27
2
⇔ 1− = cos 2 2x
27
25
⇔ = cos 2 2x
27
Jawaban: D
6. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
1 2
cos α = ⇒ sin α = 2 dan tan α = 2 2
3 3
π
sin (π + α ) + sin + α
2 − sin α + cos α
=
tan α tan α
2 1
− 2+
= 3 3
2 2
1−2 2 2
= ⋅
6 2 2
2 −4
=
12
Jawaban: A
232
7. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
3
π < A < 2 π dan cos A = , maka A terletak pada
5
kuadran IV.
3 4 4
cos A = ; sin A = − ; tan A = −
5 5 3
4
−
sin A 1 1
− = 5−
3
cos A sin A − 4
5 5
4 5
=− +
3 4
1
=−
12
Jawaban: B
8. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
cos 2 x = 3 sin x
1 − sin 2 x = 3 sin x
0 = sin 2 x + 3 sin x − 1
Ingat-ingat!
−b ± b2 − 4ac
x 1,2 =
2a
233
( 3)
2
− 3± − 4 ⋅ 1 ⋅ (−1)
sin x 1,2 =
2⋅1
− 3± 7
sin x 1,2 =
2
− 3+ 7
sin x 1,2 = (pilih yang positif yang memenuhi)
2
Jawaban: E
9. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
b−a b2 − 2ab + a2
sin θ = (dikuadratkan) sin 2 θ =
ab a2 b2
b+a b2 + 2ab + a2
cos θ = (dikuadratkan) cos 2 θ =
ab a2 b2
b2 − 2ab + a2
sin 2 θ =
a2 b2
b2 + 2ab + a2
cos 2 θ =
a2 b2 +
2 (b 2 + a 2 )
1=
a2 b2
a b = 2 (b 2 + a 2 )
2 2
a2 b2
b2 + a2 =
2
Jawaban: B
10. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
cot an 2 x + 2 cos ecx + 2 = 0
cos ec 2 x − 1 + 2 cos ecx + 2 = 0
cos ec 2 x + 2 cos ecx + 1 = 0
2
(cos ecx + 1) = 0
234 cos ecx = −1
1
= −1
cot an 2 x + 2 cos ecx + 2 = 0
cos ec 2 x − 1 + 2 cos ecx + 2 = 0
cos ec 2 x + 2 cos ecx + 1 = 0
2
(cos ecx + 1) = 0
cos ecx = −1
1
= −1
sin x
1 = − sin x
sin x = −1
sin x = sin 270°
x = 270°
3
x= π
2
Maka:
π 3π π
cos x + = cos + = cos 2 π = 1
2 2 2
Jawaban: E
11. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
• cos x = 2 sin x
sin x
1=2 22 + 12 = 5
cos x
sin x 1
=
cos x 2
1
tan x =
2
• Maka,
1
sin x =
5
2
cos x =
5
1 2 2
• sin x cos x = ⋅ =
5 5 5
Jawaban: D
235
12. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
1 x−1
sin α =
2 2x
1 − cos α x−1
=
2 2x
1 − cos α x − 1
=
2 2x
x−1
1 − cos α =
x
1
1 − cos α = 1 −
x
1
= cos α
x
1
x=
cos α
Maka:
1 1
2 1
x2 + = +
x 2 cos α 1 2
cos α
1
= + cos 2 α
cos 2 α
= sec 2 α + cos 2 α
= (tan 2 α + 1) + (1 − sin 2 α )
= tan 2 α − sin 2 α + 2
Jawaban: B
236
13. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
1
• 1 − cot α = −
3
1 4
cot α = =
tan α 3
Sehingga, dapat diperoleh:
5
3
α
4
2
• sin 2α + cos 2α = 2 sin α cos α + 2 cos α − 1
4
2
3 4
= 2 ⋅ ⋅ + 2 − 1
5 5 5
24 32 25
= + −
25 25 25
31
=
25
Jawaban: D
14. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
C
γ
b = 10 a=6
B
A
c = 14
a2 + b2 − c 2
cos γ =
2ab
62 + 10 2 − 142
=
2 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 10
−60
=
120 237
1
=−
2
a +b −c
cos γ =
2ab
62 + 10 2 − 142
=
2 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 10
−60
=
120
1
=−
2
1
Maka γ = 120° , sehingga sin γ = sin 120° = 3.
2
Jawaban: E
15. PEMBAHASAN
1. CERDIK:
π 1
sin 2 x − =
6 2
π
1 − cos 2 x −
6 1
=
2 2
π
1 − cos 2 x − = 1
6
π
cos 2 x − = 0
6
π π
• cos 2 x − = cos
6 2
π π
2 x − =
6 2
x − π = π
6 4
π π
x= +
4 6
5π
x=
12
238
π 3π
• cos 2 x − = cos
6 2
π 3π
2 x − =
6 2
x − π = 3π
6 4
3π π
x= +
4 6
11π
x=
12
11π 5 π 16π 4 π
Maka, x 1 + x 2 = + = = .
12 12 12 3
Jawaban: A
239
Catatan
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