Pengenalan Dasar Software

Aplikasi Teknik (CAD/CAM/CAE)

Dr. Arhami, ST, MT

PSTM – Unsyiah

Computer-Aided Design (CAD)

• Penggunaan sistem komputer untuk
membantu dalam membuat,
memodifikasi, analisis, dan optimisasi
suatu desain.

• Typical tools:
– Analisis Toleransi
– Kalkulasi sifat massa benda
– Pemodelan Finite-element dan visualization
• Mendefenisikan geometri desain

1
• Fungsi CAD
– Pengembangan desain
– Analisis desain
– Simulasi desain
– Evaluasi desain
– Automatisasi pembuatan konsep
– Perbaikan dan modifikasi desain

Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM)

• Penggunaan sistem komputer

untuk planing, memanage, dan
mengontrol operasi manufaktur.
• Antar muka komputer secara
Direct atau indirect dengan
sumber daya produksi.
• Numerical control of machine
tools.
• Programming of robots

2
• Cakupan keahlian dalam CAM :
– CAPP (Computer Aided Process Planing = persiapan
pekerjaan yang dibantu dengan komputer)
– Pemrograman NC (Numerical Control) dan pemrograman
robot
– Pembuatan instruksi pekerjaan (peraturan kerja)
– Perencanaan material dan penyediaan perkakas potong dan
alat-alat penjepit
– FMS (sistem komputer untuk pengontrolan sistem produksi
yang fleksibel)

• Hasil design CAD dapat langsung diinteraksikan

dengan CAM untuk membuat sebuah produk.

Data
CAD

Proses
CAM

3
 Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE)
• Penggunaan sistem komputer
untuk analisis CAD geometry.

• Memungkinkan designer untuk

simulasi dan mempelajari
bagaimana prilaku produk,
kemungkinan untuk optimisasi.

• Finite-element method (FEM)

– Divides model into interconnected
elements
– Solves continuous field problems

Computer-Aided Design Process

Dua type activities: sintesis dan analisis.
1. Sintesis adalah kumpulan besar kualitatif dan
sulit diungkap pada komputer.
2. Analisis sangat potensial ditingkatkan dengan
komputer.
• Sekali analisis komplit, lanjut ke evaluasi desain
– rapid prototyping.
• Software packages for design optimization

4
Components of CAD/CAM/CAE Systems
• Komponen utama adalah
hardware dan software yang
memungkinkan manipulasi
bentuk.
• Hardware termasuk alat-alat
grafis dan their periferal untuk
operasi input and output.
• Software termasuk paket yang
memanipulasi atau menganalisa
bentuk menurut interaksi user.

Components of CAD/CAM/CAE Systems

CAD/CAM/CAE
System

Hardware Software

Computing
Graphic device
machine

Display Processing Unit

Display Device
Input Device
Output Device

5
 Hardware Components
• Graphic device adalah gabungan dari a display
processing unit, a display device, dan one or more
input devices.
• Input devices:
– Mouse
– Space ball
– Data tablet with a puck or stylus
– Keyboard
• Output Devices:
– Plotters
– Color laser printers

Software Components
• CAD software memungkinkan desainer
membuat dan memanipulasi bentuk interaktif
dan menyimpannya.
• CAM software merencanakan, memanage, dan
mengontrol operasi manufaktur.
• CAE software analisis geometri desain,
memungkinkan desainer untuk mempelajari
sifat-sifat produk (product behavior).

6
 Windows-Based CAD Systems
• User interface adalah sama terhadap Windows
• Mempekerjakan teknologi komponen, yang
merupakan kunci terbaik elemen-elemen software
adalah seleksi/pemilihan software yang sesuai.
• Menggunakan object-oriented technology, yang
memodularisasi suatu program.
• Kapabel terhadap salah satu parametrik atau variasi
pemodelan.
• Dukungan Internet.

CAD/CAM

• CAD/CAM = Computer Aided Design dan

Computer Aided Manufacturing. Adalah
teknologi yang berkonsentrasi dengan
penggunaan komputer untuk performa desain
dan fungsi-fungsi proses manufaktur.

7
 • CAD dapat didefinisikan sebagai penggunaan
sistem komputer untuk membentuk fungsi-fungsi
tertentu dalam proses desain.

• CAM adalah penggunaan sistem komputer untuk

planing, memanage dan kontrol operasi lingkup
manufaktur melalui salah satu computer interface
secara direct atau indirect dengan sumberdaya
produksi yang tersedia.

• Aplikasi CAD/CAM/CAE lengkap yang dipakai perusahaan

besar di antaranya:
 IDEAS (CAD/CAM/CAE)(Ford),
 Inventor (CAD, CAE)
 AutoCAD (CAD)
 SolidWorks (CAD, CAE)
 Master CAM (CAD/CAM)
 Pro/Engineer (CAD/CAM/CAE)(Siemens) dan
 CATIA (CAD/CAM/CAE)(Daimler-Chrysler).
Kebanyakan program ini dijalankan di komputer berbasis Unix.
Tapi belakangan ada juga versi Windows NT-nya.

8
 Rapid Prototyping
• Fabrikasi lapis demi lapis dari
model fisik 3D (three-
dimensional) CAD
• Cepat dan alternatif yang tidak
mahal untuk memproduksi
prototype dan functional models.
• Membangun parts dalam lapisan
Rapid Prototyping tipis (thin layers).
has surgical • Waktu operasi minimum;
applications typically runs unattended.

Medical Modeling – Z corp

INDUSTRIES: MEDICAL MODELING

A 3D reconstruction of A 3D physical model

the patient’s skull from produced using Z Corp’s
the CT scan data. 3D Printer.

9
 Rapid Prototyping Cycle
CAD Design .STL File Output

Post Processing Preprocessing

Build Process File Transfer

Rapid Prototyping Cycle

• .STL is standard file format
for all U.S. rapid prototyping
systems
• Preprocessing prepares .STL
file for various rapid
prototyping systems
• Build process can last from a
few hours to several days
• Post processing: removal of
part from machine, support
removal, sanding

10
Rapid Prototyping Process (Damvig)
“A computer-controlled laser beam is
scanned across the surface of a vat of
liquid photopolymer, instantly
solidifying the liquid at each point of
contact. Using data generated from a
CAD file, individual cross-sections of
the three-dimensional geometry are
solidified in turn to build up a solid part
layer by layer. In this way even highly
complex geometries can be built in a
few hours without requiring any tools.
“

From CAM definition, the application of

CAM falls into two broad categories:
1. Computer monitoring and control .

Process
Computer Process
data

11
 2. Manufacturing support application .

Process data
Computer Manufacturing
Control signals operations

The Product Cycle and CAD/CAM

In order to establish the scope and definition

of CAD/CAM in an engineering environment
and identify existing and future related tools, a
study of a typical product cycle is necessary.
The following Figure shows a flowchart of such
a cycle.

12
 Typical Product Life Cycle
The Design Process
Design definitions, Collecting relevant
Design
specifications, and design information
needs
requirements and feasibility study
Synthesis
Analysis The CAD Process
Design Design
Design Design Design Design
documentation and modeling and
evaluation optimization analysis conceptualization
communication simulation

The Manufacturing Process

Production
planning The CAM Process
Design and
procurement of
Process
new tools Quality Packaging
planning Production Shipping
control
Order materials

NC, CNC, DNC

programming

Marketing

• The product begins with a need which is identified

based on customers' and markets' demands.
• The product goes through two main processes from
the idea conceptualization to the finished product:
1. The design process.
2. The manufacturing process.

The main sub-processes that constitute the design

process are:
1. Synthesis.
2. Analysis.

13
 Implementation of a Typical CAD Process on a
CAD/CAM system

Delineation of Design changes Design and

geometric model Analysis algorithms

Definition Drafting and

translator detailing

Geometric model
Documentation

Interface
algorithms To CAM Process

CAD Tools Required to Support the Design Process

Design phase Required CAD tools

Design conceptualization Geometric modeling techniques;
Graphics aids; manipulations; and
visualization
Design modeling and Same as above; animation;
simulation assemblies; special modeling
packages.
Design analysis Analysis packages; customized
programs and packages.
Design optimization Customized applications; structural
optimization.
Design evaluation Dimensioning; tolerances; BOM; NC.
Design communication and Drafting and detailing…
documentation

14
 Implementation of a Typical CAM Process on a
CAD/CAM system

Geometric model Inspection

Interface
algorithms Assembly

Process planning Packaging

NC programs
To shipping and marketing

CAM Tools Required to Support the Design Process

Manufacturing phase Required CAM tools

Process planning CAPP techniques; cost

analysis; material and
tooling specification.
Part programming NC programming

Inspection CAQ; and Inspection

software
Assembly Robotics simulation and
programming

15
 Definitions of CAD Tools Based on Their
Constituents

Computer
graphics
concepts

CAD
tools

Geometric
Design tools modeling

Definition of CAD Tools Based on Their Implementation in a

Design Environment

Hardware
(control unit; display
terminals;
Design tools + Computer I/O devices = CAD tools

Software (graphics;
modeling; applications
programs

16
 Definitions of CAM Tools Based on Their
Constituents

Networking
concepts

CAM
tools

CAD
Mfg tools

Definition of CAM Tools Based on Their Implementation in

a Manufacturing Environment

Hardware
(control unit; display
terminals;
I/O devices

Mfg tools + Computer Software (CAD; NC; = CAM tools

MRP; CAPP…)

Networking

17
 Definitions of CAD/CAM Tools Based on Their
Constituents

Mfg tools Design tools

CAD/CAM
tools Geometric
Networking modeling

Computer
graphics
concepts

Definition of CAD/CAM Tools Based on Their Implementation

in an Engineering Environment

Hardware

Design and Software

+ Computer = CAD/CAM tools
Mfg tools

Networking

18
Typical Utilization of CAD/CAM Systems in an Industrial Environment
Geometric modeling and graphics package
Process planning
Geometric modeling
of conceptual design CAPP package

Yes Are there

Is design evaluation No manufacturing
Possible with available
discrepancies in
Standard software?
CAD databases?
Design
package Yes
Develop customized No
Design testing
programs and
And evaluation packages NC NC
programming package

Programming
No Is final design package
Machining
Applicable?

Yes
Inspection
Drafting Inspection
And Robotics
package
Documentation Assembly

Automation and CAD/CAM

Automation can be defined as the technology

concerned with the application of complex
mechanical, electronic, and computer-based
systems in the operation and control of
manufacturing systems.

19
 TTypes of Manufacturing Systems

1. Continuous-flow processes. Continuous dedicated production of

large amount of bulk product. Continuous manufacturing is
represented by chemicals, plastics, petroleum, and food industries.
2. Mass production of discrete products. Dedicated production of
large quantities of one product (with perhaps limited model
variations). Examples include automobiles, appliances and engine
blocks.
3. Batch production. Production of medium lot sizes of the same
product. The lot may be produced once or repeated periodically.
Examples: books, clothing and certain industrial machinery.
4. Job-shop production. Production of low quantities, often one of a
kind, of specialized products. The products are often customized and
technologically complex. Examples: prototypes, aircraft, machine
tools and other equipment.

Continuous-
flow
production
Mass
production
Production Batch
quantity production

Job shop
production

Product variety

20
 Category Automation achievements
Continuous-flow process •Flow process from beginning to end
•Sensors technology available to measure
important process variables
•Use of sophisticated control and optimization
strategies
•Fully computer automated lines
Mass production of discrete •Automated transfer machines
products •Dial indexing machines
•Partially and fully automated assembly lines
•Industrial robots for spot welding, part
handling, machine loading, spray painting,
etc.
•Automated material handling systems
•Computer production monitoring
Batch production •Numerical control (NC), direct numerical
control (DNC), computer numerical control
(CNC).
•Adaptive control machining
•Robots for arc welding, parts handling, etc.
•CIM systems.
Job shop production •Numerical control, computer numerical
control

Computer Technology in Automation

Most of the automated production systems implemented today

make use of computers. CAD/CAM in addition to its particular
emphasis on the use of computer technology, is also distinguished
by the fact that it includes not only the manufacturing operations
but also the design and planning functions that precede
manufacturing.

To emphasize the differences in scope between automation and

CAD/CAM, consider the following mathematical model:

21
 Advantages of CAD/CAM systems

• Greater flexibility. • Better product design.

• Reduced lead times. • Greater manufacturing
• Reduced inventories. control.
• Increased Productivity. • Supported integration.
• Improved customer • Reduced costs.
service. • Increased utilization.
• Improved quality. • Reduction of machine
• Improved communications tools.
with suppliers. • Less floor space.

22