Pertemuan 01: 10 September 2020

PENDAHULUAN: KONSEP, STRUKTUR DAN PERTIMBANGAN

PEMBANGUNAN SISTEM PERINGATAN DINI TSUNAMI,
G70000 SISTEM PERINGATAN DINI TSUNAMI

Jenis Pembelajaran: Kuliah Reguler

Dosen: Dr. Wandono

Tujuan Pembelajaran

1. mengenal dan memahami konsep pembangunan sistem

peringatan dini tsunami
2. mengenal dan memahami struktur/komponen
pembangunan sistem peringatan dini tsunami
3. memahami pertimbangan pentingnya pembangunan
sistem peringatan dini tsunami
 Output
Taruna mampu memahami SPDT, konsep dan
pertimbangan/alasan pembangunannya, sistem
operasinya (mulai dari peralatan pengamatan,
pengolahan dan analisis, DSS, peringatan/informasi
sampai sistem diseminasi kepada pengguna. Serta
memahami berbagai jenis peringatan dini tsunami,
institusi mana saja terlibat dalam sistem peringatan dini
dan apa perannya dasar legal apa dan bagaimana
memastikan PDT efektif sampai dan difahami oleh
masyarakatyang akan terkena bencana tsunami
 SILABUS (2017)
1. Pendahuluan: Indonesia adalah rawan becana tsunami
lokal, sejarah tsunami yang melanda Indonesia,
Gempabumi Aceh 26 Desember 2004 yang menyebabkan
bencana tsunami baik di Indonesia maupun negara-negara
yang terletak di samudera India
2. Peringatan Dini Tsunami dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat:
tujuan PDT yang terpusat pada masyarakat, keterlibatan
masyarakat dan otoritas daerah yang terkena risika
bencana dalam peringatan dini, komponen utama dalam
peringatan dini.
3. Peran dan tanggung jawab lembaga dan masyarakat
dalam rantai peringatan dini tsunami: rantai peringatan
dini tsunami, peran masing-masing lembaga dan
masyarakat.
4. Operasional SPDT: SPDT yang ada di dunia , konsep
pembangunan SPDT, sistem pengamatangempabumi ,
sistem peringatan tsunami, DSS
 Lanjutan …..
5. Urutan dan isi PDT: urutan PDT, level PD, format PDT
6. Diseminasi PDT dan informasiGB oleh BMKG: rantai
komunikasi PDT, sistem diseminasi PDT BMKG
7. Peran Pemerintah Daerahdalam PDT: tugas pokok dan
fungsiPemda dalam pelayan PDTPenerimaan PDT,
Pengambilan keputusan, penyebaran Berita PDT dan
arahan oleh Pemda, strategi bertindak masyarakat thd
PDT
8. Saran kesadaran dan kesiapsiagaan tsunami di daerah:
pengkajian risika tsunamirencana kontijensi dan evaluasi
peraturan daerah tentang penanggulangan bencana
mengembangkan kapasitas dan infrastruktur pelayanan
PDT, kegiatan peningkatan kesadaranmasyarakat, pesan-
pesan kunci yangperlu dipertimbangkan dalam
kesiapsiagaan dan PDT
 PUSTAKA
• BMKG: Panduan PDT 2010
• USAid ASIA, NOAA (2007): Tsunami Warning
Center Reference Guide, Bangkok
Sistem Peringatan Dini Tsunami
TEWS
Earth Data Observation
Data and Information Collection
Tsunami Detection
Tsunami Warning Decision
Support
Warning and Other Products
Community Connections
Global Network of TWS
Areas of Responsibility
 Governance Structure
• IOC Governing Bodies (Assembly, Executive
Council)
• ICG (Primary Subsidiary Body)
– Working Groups and Task Teams
• Network of TWFPs and TNCs
• Executive Secretary, IOC
– Tsunami Unit
• Regional ICG Secretariats
 ICG/IOTWS Working Group Structure

• Working Group 1 – Risk Assessment and

Reduction.

• Working Group 2 - Detection, Warning and

Dissemination

• Working Group 3 - Awareness and Response

 Dissemination Methods

GTS NTWC -1 TV/Radio

TSPs
SMS SMS

NTWC-2
SitReps
EMAIL

FAX

SIRENS

EMAIL
NTWC-n

LOUD
WEB SPAKERS
Meteorological Telecommunications Network for
Indian Ocean
 Elements of an Early Warning System

Risk Assessment Monitoring and Dissemination and Awareness and

and Reduction Warning Service Communication Response
Communicate risk
Systematically collect Develop hazard information and early Build national and
data and undertake risk monitoring and early warnings community response
assessments warning services capabilities
Do warnings reach all
Are the hazards and the Are the right of those at risk? Are the Are response plans up
vulnerabilities well parameters being risks and the warnings to date and tested? Are
known? What are the monitored? Is there a understood? Is the local capacities and
patterns and trends in sound scientific basis warning information knowledge made use
these factors? Are risk for making forecasts? clear and useable? of? Are people
maps and data widely Can accurate and prepared and ready to
available? timely warnings be react to warnings?
generated?
 Response starts with Preparedness
Disaster Risk Reduction Response

Mitigation Preparedness Response to

the disaster
Disaster
Warning
Planning &
People
regulations Awareness &
education Evacuation

Technical Early
Search &
Measures Warning
Rescue
Systems
Humanitarian
Warning
Dissemination & Affairs
Evacuation
Reconstruction &
TER Rehabilitation

Contingency SOP
Plans
 End-to-End Tsunami Warning Systems

Upstream
• Detection, verification, threat
evaluation, tsunami forecast,
warning dissemination

Downstream
• Delivery of public safety message.
• Initiate national counter-measures
• Prepare and implement standardised reaction

Goal is to have the same quality every time

 What are SOPs?
• Set of written instructions for routine/repetitive
organization activities. Procedure followed in an
emergency.
• Detail work processes conducted/followed within
organization.
• Document way activities performed for consistent
conformance to system requirements and
organisation’s mission.
 What to Consider
• Tsunami Warning Centre:
– Coordination and information flow (type, content,
timeline) with NDMO
– Iterative process (warning, update, cancellation)

• Tsunami Emergency Response:

– NDMO/EOC receipt, interpret, decide, notify
– Notify Responders, Decision-makers, Public
– Recommend Public Safety Action
– Implement / coordinate Action
– Inform on ‘All-Clear’ for safe return
– Initiate Search-and-Rescue, etc.
 Why are SOPs important?
• Foundation of effective, reliable warning systems
• All warning systems require SOPs, but for tsunami,
rapid evaluation, warning and response is essential
to save lives
• In an end-to-end system, communications links
between stakeholders must be robust or warning
chain will be broken
• SOPs should be developed, practiced and modified
as necessary – a “living document”
 SOPs in Action
• Provide Timely Warnings
• Act fast without confusion
– KNOW WHAT, WHEN AND HOW TO DO
• Develop/Implement TWC and TER SOPs
– PRACTICE
• Test communications – end-to-end
• Conduct exercises, as tsunamis are infrequent
 SOP Working Definition

“ A description and procedure on agreed

steps by institutions used in coordinating
who, what, when, where and how for
tsunami early warning and response”

From Indonesia Local SOP Workshops: Capacity Building for Development of Local SOPs for
Tsunami Early Warning and Response. 2006-2007