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Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 4 No. 1 Maret 2009: 57-75

Kerucut Cinder Gunung Slamet, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

SayaGAN S. SUTAWIDJAJA1 DAN R. SUKHYAR2

1 Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi, Badan Geologi, Jl. Diponegoro No 57 Bandung
2Badan Geologi, Jl. Diponegoro No 57 Bandung

SEBUAHBSTRAK

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atau bentuk berkerut.
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+ 0,020 jt. -
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SARI

Daerah vulkanik Gunung Api Slamet di Jawa Tengah, Indonesia, memiliki tiga puluh lima kerucut
sinder dalam area 90 km2 di lereng timur gunung api ini. Kerucut sinder hadir baik secara tunggal
dalam kelompok kecil dengan garis tengah maupun luasnya berkisar antara 130 - 750 m dengan nilai
rata-rata 430 m, dan mencapai 250 m. Dalam area vulkanik ini, kerucut sinder tersebar pada radius 4 –
14 km dari kawah Gunung Slamet, dan terhimpun di antara Lintang 7Hai11'– 7Hai16'S dan Bujur 109°15' –
109Hai18'T. Kerapatan kerucut sinder ini adalah 1,5 kerucut/km2.
sebagian besar kerucut sinder ini muncul pada batuan sedimen Tersier sepanjang sistem sesar
mengarah barat laut - tenggara, dan pada rekahan radial. Di daerah ini, pola kemungkinan kemungkinan
berhubungan dengan rekahan radial tersebut. Bagian permukaan kerucut sinder pada umumnya tertutup
pada jatuhan piroklastika dan aliran lava Gunung Slamet. Endapannya terdiri atas skoria berukuran kasar
sampai bom balistik, tidak berlapis, dan permukaan butirannya kadang-kadang teroksidasi, terutama pada
butiran bom atau bongkah. Jenis bom tersebut umumnya berasal dari bom skoria balistik. Jenis lainnya adalah
bom kerak-roti, bentuk biji almon, atau bentuk terpilir.
Semua kerucut sinder mengalami degradasi akibat lerengan dan perubahan morfologi
permukaannya. Dengan menggunakan parameter Porter diperoleh Hco sebanding dengan 0,25 Wco,
sedangkan Wcr sebanding dengan 0,40 Wco. Rasio antara Hco/Wco lebih besar dari Hco = 0,2 Wco
acuan. Pentarikan umur bom skoria dari salah satu kerucut sinder dengan metode radiometrik K-Ar
menunjukkan umur 0,042+ 0,020 jtl.
kunci: Kerucut sinder, skoria, bom balistik, jatuhan piroklastik, aliran lava, pentarikhan
radiometrik.

57
 58 Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 4 No. 1 Maret 2009: 57-75

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garis lintang 7Hai10'00" sampai 7Hai17'00” S, dan garis bujur 109Hai
kerucut cinder sebagai gunung berapi kecil yang terpotong,
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-URFNV - Kerucut cinder yang diteliti terletak di lereng timur Gunung Slamet.
 60 Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 4 No. 1 Maret 2009: 57-75
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LEGENDA
kerucut cinder

tepi kawah

Granodiorit
Kesalahan

Patah, mungkin salah

Syncline - Antiklin

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FLQGHU-FRQHV-IRUPHG-XSRQ-WKH-ÀDQNV-RI-YROFDQRHV -
7KLV-PD\-UHÀHFW-WKH-HDVODWLY ZKLFK-WKH-HUXSWLYH-
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terhadap variasi tekanan magmatik selama periode RI-DFWLYH-
HUXSWLRQ -)UDFWXUH-]RQHV-H[SRVHG-XSRQ-WKH-ÀDQNV-RI-
YROFDQRHV-FRPPRQO\-H[WHQG-RYHU-D-ZLGH- rentang
ketinggian, meliputi beberapa kilometer relief topografi vertikal
(Mac Donald, 1972).
Morfologi
&LQGHU- FRQH- LV- WKH-PRVW- FRPPRQ- YROFDQLF-
ODQGIRUP-FUHDWHG-E\-D-6WURPEROLDQ-DFWLYLW\-
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- + HLNHQ - - &LQGHU-FRQHV-RQ-0RXQW-6ODPHW-
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GLDPHWHU-DQG-RQO\-VHYHUDO-PHWHUV-KLJK -WR-KLOOV-DV-
PXFK-DV- - P-DFURVV-DW-WKH-EDVH-DQG- - P-KLJK -
7KH-PDMRULW\ -KRZHYHU -DUH- - WR- - P-ZLGH-DQG-
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dalam besaran dan durasi letusan (Porter, 1972). 7KH-FLQGHU-
FRQHV-RFFXU-VLQJO\-RU-LQ-VPDOO-JURXSV - DSSDUHQWO\-DW-
UDQGRP-DERXW- WKH-HDVW-VORSH-RI- WKH- gunung berapi
(Gambar 5 dan 6).
7KH-FLQGHU-FRQH-FUDWHUV-JHQHUDOO\-EURDGHQ-DQG-
semakin dalam, seiring erupsi berlangsung, yang mengarah ke
 62 Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 4 No. 1 Maret 2009: 57-75

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RPSRQJ-WRZDU
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, - 6 -6XWDZLGMDMD-DQG-5 -6XNK\DU
lapse dan struktur kemerosotan di dalam topografinya
ULPV- :RKOHW]-DQG-6KHULGDQ - - 6RPH-RI- WKH-
kerucut cinder memiliki lebih dari satu kawah yang bisa EH-
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letusan, dan kawah yang terbuka ke arah tertentu DUH-
FRPPRQO\-IRXQG- )LJXUH-
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-JHQHUDOO\-ÀRZHG-GRZQ- DURXQG- WKH-ÀDQNV -
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0RVW-RI-WKH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-OL VHGL-PHQWV -DQG-DUH-
EXULHG-E\-0RXQW-6ODPHW-YROFDQLF-SURGXFWV
-SDUWLFXODUO\- ODYD-ÀRZV-DQG-S\URFODVWLF- air terjun.
Hampir semua kerucut cinder tertutup E\-WKH-6ODPHW-
S\URFODVWLF-DLUIDOO -UDQJLQJ-IURP- -FP-WR- -P-LQ-
WKLFNQHVV -0RVW-RI-WKH-FRQHV-VKRZ-DV\P P-HWULF-ULPV
-ZLWK- RQH-TXDGUDQW-RI-WKH-ULP-VWDQGLQJ-KLJKHU-WKDQ-
DGMDFHQW-TXDGUDQWV -,Q-PDQ\-LQVWDQFHV- kuadran
lawan juga berdiri lebih tinggi dari LQWHUYHQLQJ-TXDGUDQWV
-SURGXFLQJ-D-EL SHDNHG-ULP-) LJXUH- -6XFK-DQ-DV\PPHWULF-
ULP-ZDV-WKH-UHVXOW-RI-VWURQJ-QHDU VXUIDFH-ZL
HMHFWD-OHHZDUG-RU -DOWHUQDWLYHO\ -WR-FORJJLQJ-RI-
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IUDJPHQWV- LQ- D- VSHFWLRQ- GLUHFWLRQ- 3
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VRPH-HURVLRQ- WR-VKRZ-HYLGHQFH-RI- LQFLSLHQW-JXO-
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FLQGHU-FRQHV-ZLWK-RU-ZLWKRXW-ODYD-WQRZV -RI -WKH-
VDPH- situs sebagai kerucut tuf sebelumnya.
(URVLYH-SURFHVVHV-RSHUDWLQJ-XSRQ-D-FRQH-¿HOG-
PD\-YDU\-VLJQL¿FDQWO\-DV-WKH-UHJLRQDO-ZHDWKHULQJ-
perubahan lingkungan selama skala waktu geologis.
63
) RU-H[DPSOH -ZHDWKHUHG-GHSRVLWV-RQ-WKH-ÀDQNV-PD\-
EH-H[SRVHG-WR-D-YDULHW\-RI-ZHDWKHULQJ-HQYLURQPHQWV-
UDQJLQJ-HDIURDOP-W -EDVH-RI-WKH-YROFDQR-WR-
VXEDUFWLF-FRQGLWLRQV-QHDU-WKH-VXPPLW- (Porter, 1972).
Selain itu, Scott dan Trask (1971) menyarankan bahwa karena
rasio luas permukaan kerucut WR-FRQH-YROXPH-GHFUHDVHV-
ZLWK-LQFUHDVLQJ-FRQH-GLD PHWHU -ÀXYLDO-SURFHVVHV-
PD\-HURGH-VPDOOHU-FLQGHU-FRQHV-DW-UHODWLYHO\-
WHIDVWHU-UDV
Distribusi
$- WRWDO- RI- WKLUW\-¿YH- FLQGHU- FRQHV-
LQ-0RXQW-6ODPHW-ZHUH-LGHQWL¿HG-IURP-WRSRJUDSKLF-
PDSV-DQG- foto udara, skala 1: 50.000 di conjunc- WLRQ-ZLWK-
¿HOG-REVHUYDWLRQV -7KH-PDMRULW\-RI- WKH-FLQGHU-
FRQHV- DUH- FRQFHQWUDWHG-EHWZHHQ- ODWLWXGHV-
7°11'00” hingga 7°16'00” S, dan garis bujur 109°15'00” hingga
109°18'00” BT (Gambar 7). Kerucut terdekat berjarak 4 km dan
yang terjauh berjarak 14 km dari lubang Gunung Slamet.
Konsentrasi lokal dari cinder FRQHV-LV-DW- -NP-IURP-WKH-
YHQW -ZKHUH-ORFDOO\-WKH-FRQH-GHQVLW\- LV- - FRQHV NP2.
Yang di timur VLGH-RI-0RXQW-6ODPHW-GHOLQHDWH-UDWKHU-
VWULNLQJO\-WKH-SULQFLSDO-IDXOW-]RQHV -ZKLFK-DUH-
LQGLFDWHG-E\-OLQHD-PHQWV-SDUWLFXODUO\-LFQ-WLDUK -
kelompok kerucut. Selain pengucapan ini VXE-OLQHDU-
JURXSLQJV-WKH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-DUH-DUUDQJHG- dalam
pola penggerak yang menunjukkan fraktur konsentris ]RQHV-
VHH-)LJXUH-
7KH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-RFFXU-VLQJO\-RU-LQ-VPDOO-JURXSV -
DSSDUHQWO\-DW-UDQGRP-DURXQG-WKH-HDVW-VORSH-RI-
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VHFRQG RUGHU-IUDFWXUH-V\VWHP-ZKLFK-KDV-D-UDGLDO-
pola dan berpusat di gunung berapi. Secara umum, FLQGHU-
FRQH-GLVWULEXWLRQ-LV-DVVRFLDWHG-ZLWK-D-IUDFWXUH-
V\VWHP-SDUWLFXODUO\-ZLWK-QRUWKZHVW-VWULNH-VOLS-
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 64 Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 4 No. 1 Maret 2009: 57-75

109012' 109014' 109015' 109016' 109017' 109018' 109019' 109020' 109021' 109022'
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- 6HWWOH- - REVHUYHG-WKDW-LQ-WKH-FRXUVH-RI-
VXEVHTXHQW-H[SORVLYH-DFWLYLW\ -PDJPD-PD\-EH-IXQ-
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keselarasan lokal dari kelompok kecil kerucut.
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tinggi kerucut; danD- -FRQH-VORSH-DQJOH- )LJXUH- -6RPH-
kerucut kurang dari interval kontur peta yang digunakan untuk
pengukuran; Oleh karena itu, kedalaman kawah tidak digunakan
sebagai parameter deskriptif.
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empat tahap dalam erosi kerucut gunung berapi besar
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W\SLFDOO\-EHLQJ- - RI-WKH-EDVDO-GLDPHWHU-RI-WKH- kerucut
(Gambar 9a). Perbandingan tinggi kerucut dengan WKH-GLIIHUHQFH-
EHWZHHQ-EDVDO-ZLGWK-DQG-FUDWHU-ZLGWK-DYHUDJHV- - ZKLFK-
LV-HTXLYDOHQW-WR-D-PHDQ-VORSH-RI-
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tephra terdiri dari kerucut cinder di gunung berapi 3RUWHU -
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Gambar 9. Karakteristik morfologi kerucut cinder pada
0RXQW-6ODPHW - D -WKH-KHLJKW-FRPPRQO\-EHLQJ-EDVDO-ZLGWK
- RI-WKH--
E -FUDWHU-ZLGWK- W\SLFDOO\-EHLQJ-EDVDO-GLDPHWHU --FRI-
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65
7KH-FLUFXPIHUHQFHV-RI-FUDWHU-ULPV-DQG-FRQH-EDVHV-
ZHUH-GHWHUPLQHG-ZKHUH-WKH-JHQHUDOO\- HTXLGLVWDQW-
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GHWHUPLQHG-IURP-WKH-KLJK-TXDOLW\-DHULDO-SKRWRJUDSKV
&RQH-EDVDO-GLDPHWHU-LV-GH¿QHG-KHUH-DV-WKH-
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FRQH-EDVDO-HGJH-ZDV-GHWHUPLQHG-LQ-WZR-ZD\V
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SRLQW-RI-WRSRJUDSKLF-LQÀHFWLRQ-DORQJ-D-FRQH-
H[WHULRU-VXUIDFH-E\-GH¿QLQJ-DQ-DEUXSW-FKDQJH-LQ-
WKH-VSDFLQJ-DQG RU-FLU-FLUFXODULW\- -RXWOLQLQJ-
kerucut.
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WZHHQ-WKH-DYHUDJH-EDVDO-HOHYDWLRQ-DQG-WKH-
PD[LPXP-HOHYDWLRQ-ZKLFK-LV-REV FRQH-ULP-FUHVW-RU-
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- KDV-H[DPLQHG-WKH-PRUSKRPHWU\-RI-IRUW\-
RQH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-ZLWKLQ-D-VHFWLRQ-RI-WKH-0H[LFDQ-9RO-FDQLF-
%CARA-WR-WKH-HDVW-RI-3DULFXWLQ -+H-UHSRUWHG-D-PHDQ-
+ FR :FR-UDWLR-IRU-+RORFHQH-FRQHV-RI- - DQG-D-PHDQ-
-3OHLVWRFHQH-FRQHV - 7KHUHIRUH-WKH-+FR- - - :FR-
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WKH-LQLWLDO-VKDSH-RI-FLQGHU-FRQHV-IRUPHG-LQ-ERWK
-W\SHV-RI-YROFDQLF-SURYLQFHV-SULRU-WR-WKH-HURVLYH-
degradasi.
Proses erosi yang paling umum pada cinder FRQHV-
RFFXU-ZLWKLQ-WKH-FUDWHUV -7KH-PDWHULDOV-
IURP-FUDWHU-ZDOOV-ZHUH-HURGHG-DQG-FDUULHG-
E\-UDLQ-IDOO-WKURXJK-WKH-RSHWKHUQHG-FUDW RI-
WKH- FUDWHUV-ZHUH- LQGLFDWHG- E\- KLJK-:FU :FR-
UDWLRV -ZKLFK-PD\-EH-VSHFL¿F-WR-WKH-FLQGHU-
FRQHV- di Gunung Slamet.
 66 Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 4 No. 1 Maret 2009: 57-75

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Analisis Morfometrik Volume Kerucut Cinder

$- UDGLRPHWULF-GDWLQJ-KDV-EHHQ-REWDLQHG-
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batuan
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Tidak. Nama kerucut cinder Garis Lintang Garis bujur Wco wcr Hco Volume
S E (km) (km) (km) (km3)
1 0W -&LOLN 7011'00" 109012'00" 0.285 0,060 0,061 -
2 Gunung Sangin 7011'12" 10901700" 0.240 5.882
0W -.HPEDQJ 70 109017'09" 0,090 0,092 -
4 Gunung Siremeng 70 109017'00" 0,175 0,054 2.996
5 Gunung Silempel 7°11'S1" 10901644" 0,055 0,069 -
6 Gunung Sarangan 70 109017'00" 0,555 0.290 0,126 0,018
7 Gunung Asuringkuk 7012'00" 10901716" 0,625 0.260 0,019
8 Gunung Kedunglesung 7012'16" 109016'16" 0,560 0,076 0,014
9 Gunung Kandanggotong 70 109016'52" 0,040 0,027 1.680
10 Gunung Kondang 7012'46" 10901705" 0,615 0.140 0.106 0,014
11 0W --DZDU 7012'46" 109016'46" 0,500 0.240 0.144 0,016
12 Gunung Sari 70 109016'19" 0.270 0.140 0,058 1.965

0W -&OHNDWDNDQ 7012'46" 109°1S'44" 0,600 0.205 0,149 0,021

14 0W -:DQWL 7012'48" 1090 0,185 0,127 6.171
15 Gunung Pejagan 70 109017'21" 0.275 0,100 0,055 1.596
16 Gunung Pisang 70 10901705" 0.140 0,079 5.565
17 gunung lompong 70 109°17'16" 0,725 0,155 0,149 0,026
18 Gunung Kaliurip 7014'05" 109016'42" 0.250 0,012
19 Gunung Tampingan 70 109016'14" 0,650 0,026
20 0W -'LSDMD\D 70 109016'00" 0.190 0,055 -
21 gunung malang 70 - 1090 0,170 0,096 5.600
22 Gunung Kaji 7014'07" 109016'00" 0,445 0.240 0,159 0,015

Gunung Antilang 7014'19" 109016'00" 0,175 0,125 7.689

24 0W -7DPEHNRU 7014'25" 10901700" 0,425 0.210 0,091 -
25 0W -6XPEXO 7014'49" 109017'05" 0.165 0.105 5.589
26 Gunung Pring 70 1090 0,450 0,150 0,122 -
27 0W -7HPEHODQJ 7014'46" 109016'19" 0.275 0,125 -
28 Gunung Soso 70 10901610" 0.160 0.144 8.626
29 Gunung Paingan 7014'28" 109015'09" 0 400 0,125 7.910
gunung malang 7°15'S8" 109°1S'09" 0,475 0.225
0W -5DQFDNHOH 7°12'S1" 109020'02" 0,490 0.160 0,012
Gunung Tepus 7012'28" 109019'19" 0,075 0,082 -
gunung malang 70 1090 0,425 0.110 0.118 7.440
0W -5DPSDN 7°12'14" 109°19'S1" 0,072 0,079 2.898
0W -7HUEDQJ 7°10'44" 109018'42" 0,750 0,185 0,045
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PRGHUQ-EDVDOWLF-YROFDQRHV -6HOI-dkk. -
- REVHUYHG-WKH-
FRQWLQXDWLRQ-RI-VWURPEROLDQ-W\SH-DFWLYLW\-RI-(OGIHOO -
+ HLPDH\ -GXULQJ-WKH-¿UVW-PRQWK-SURGXFHG-D-
- P- kerucut scoria tinggi dan menyimpan lapisan tebal
scoria airfall di bagian utara pulau.
7R-VWXG\-WKH-JUDLQ-VL]H-FKDUDFWHULVWLFV-RI-WKH-WZR-
GLIIHUHQW- W\SHV-RI-EDVDOWLF-S\URFODVWLFV- IURP- WKH-
kerucut cinder dan air terjun Slamet, sekitar empat belas VDPSOHV-
KDYH-EHHQ-FROOHFWHG-IRU-PHFKDQLFDO-DQDO\VLV- dari
beberapa kerucut dan air terjun Slamet di Gunung 6ODPHW-DUHD
-7KH- VDPSOHV-ZHUH- VLHYHG- IROORZLQJ-
WKH-SURFHGXUH-RI-:DONHU-DQG-&URDVGDOH- -ZLWK-
satu set saringan dipilih untuk memiliki setengah SAYA-
interval dan mencakup rentang -SAYA- - -WR- - - WR- - PP -
&XPXODWLYH-FXUYHV-KDYH-EHHQ-GUDZQ- )LJXUH-IURP- -
ZKLFK-WKH-SDUDPHWHUV-0G-SAYA (diameter median, sama
dengan Saya YDOXH-DW-ZKLFK-WKH-FXPXODWLYH- kurva
melintasi garis 50%) dan GI (penyimpangan, HTXDOV- -
- KDYH-EHHQ-GHULYHG
Nilai dari GI untuk setiap sampel diplot terhadap Md SAYA- )
LJXUH- -VHSDUDWHO\-IRU-WKH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-DQG-6ODPHW-
DLUIDOOV -,W-FDQ-EH-VHHQ-WKDW-WKH-FLQGHUV VFRULD-
FRPSRVLQJ-WKH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-DUH ZKROH-FRDUVHU -
JUDLQHG -DQG-JHQHUDOO\-OHVV-SRRUO\-VRUWHG - WKDQ-
WKH-6ODPHW-DLUIDOOV -7KH-UHVXOWV-RI-WZHOYH-FLQGHU-
FRQH-DQG-WZR-6ODPH-WZR-6ODPH -FDOFXODWLRQV-DUH-
SUHVHQWHG- LQ-7DEOH- -7KH- WZR-6ODPHW-DLUIDOO-
VDPSOHV- DUH- VLJQL¿FDQWO\-GLIIHUHQW -7KH-\RXQJHU- Air
terjun Slamet (tidak diplot di peta) lebih kasar- JUDLQHG-DQG-
EHWWHU-VRUWHG-WKDQ-WKH-ROGHU-RQH- 6ODPHW-
DLUIDOO-LQ-DFFRPSDQ\LQJ-JHRORJLF-PDS
Inman (1952) menyimpulkan bahwa material yang dibawa E\-
DJHQWV-RI- WUDQVSRUWDWLRQ-DUH-URFNV-ZLWK-PHGLDQ-
GLDPHWHU-RI-EHWZHHQ- - PP-DQG- - PP -ZLOO-EH-EHVW-
VRUWHG -,QPDQ-DOVR-FRQFOXGHG-W wkh-PHGLDQ- meningkat
atau menurun dari nilai-nilai ini, menyortir EHFRPHV-VWHDGLO\-
SRRUHU-IRU-ZDWHU ODLG-VHGLPHQWV-DV-ZHOO-DV-IRU-
ZLQG-EORZQ-GHSRVLWV-VXFK-DV-ORHVV -)RU-PRVW-
LVWURPERODEQ-GHSRVLQ-GHSRVL -RQ-ZLQG-VSHHG
-DOWKRXJK-WKH-GLVSHUVDO-DQG-JUDLQ-VL]H-
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV-RI-S\URFODVWLF-IDOO-GHSRVLWV-DUH-
GHSHQ-GHQW-RQ -IRU-H[DPS -DQG-GLUHFWLRQ - WKH-KHLJKW-
RI-HUXSWLRQ-FROXPQ -WKH-VW\OH-RI-DFWLY-LW\ -DQG-WKH-
GHJUHH-RI-IUDJPHQWDWLRQ-RI-WKH-PDJPD- (Self, 1974). Plot
diameter median (MdSAYA) dan VRUWLQJ-FRHI¿FLHQW- GI - )
LJXUH- - LOOXVWUDWH-WKDW-FRDUVH JUDLQHG-WHSKUD-
IURP-WKH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-EHFRPHV-PRUH-SRRUO\-VRUWHG-
DV-JUDLQ-VL]H-LQFUHDVH -7KHJU-KLVWR -SHUFHQW-IRU-DOO-
FLQGHU-FRQH-VDPSOHV-DJDLQVW-WKH-JUDLQ-VL]H-
GLDPHWHU- SAYA) (Angka
D -VKRZV-D-QRUPDO-GLVWULEXWLRQ -EXW-ZLWK-D-¿UH-WDLO
-,Q-FRPSDULVRQ-ZLWK-6ODPHW-DLUIDOO- )LJXUH- E - WKH-FLQGHU-
FRQHV-DUH-VLJQL-¿FDQWO\-¿FDQWO GLIIHUHQW -ZKLFK-
SUHVXPDEO\-LQGLFDWHV-WKH-GLIIHUHQFHV-RI-VRUWLQJ-DQG-
JUDLQ-VL]H -$QRWKHU-SRVVLELOLW\-LV-WKH-GLIIHHQHQSWV-QRI-
HUX -FRQHV-DUH-EXLOW-E\- WKH-VWURPEROLDQ-DFWLYLW\
-DQG-6ODPHW-DLUIDOO-DV-D-UHVXOW- dari letusan Plinian. Self
(1974) menganggap bahwa EUHDN XS-RI-IUDJPHQWV-RQ- ODQGLQJ-
RI-VFRULD-IDOOV -
 7KH-&LQGHU-&RQHV-RI-0RXQW-6ODPHW -&HQWUDO--DYD -,QGRQHVLD-
, - 6 -6XWDZLGMDMD-DQG-5 -6XNK\DU 71

) LJXUH- -5HODWLRQVKLS-EHWZHHQ-WKH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-DQG-6ODPHW-DLUIDOOV

Gambar 12. Md saya GI-SORW-XVHG-WR-VKRZ-WKH-¿HOGV-RI-S\URFODVWLF-DLUIDOO-DQG-ÀRZ-¿HOGV- DIWHU-:DONHU - - FRPSDUHG-WR-WKH-

pasang air terjun (kotak hijau) dan kerucut cinder (titik merah).
 72 Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 4 No. 1 Maret 2009: 57-75

DQG-WKH-RULJLQDO-DLU ERUQH-SRSXODWLRQ-LV-FRDUVHU-DQG-
SHUKDSV-EHWWHU-VRUWHG-WKDQ-WKDW-IRXQG-RQ-WKH-JURXQG sebuah

- , Q-DGGLWLRQ -:DONHU- - VWDWHG-WKDW-WKH-SOLQLDQ-

GHSRVLWV-DUH-JHQHUDOO\-ZHOO VRUWHG -FRDUVH JUDLQHG-

QHDU-VRXUFH-DQG-WKH\-VKRZ-XQLIRUPO\-ZHOO GHYHORSHG-
GRZQ-ZLQG-VRUWLQJ

7DEOH- -7KH-*UDLQ-6L]H-3DUDPHWHU-RI-WKH-&LQGHU-&RQH-DQG- Air

Terjun Slamet

Lokasi Md Saya GI
Gunung Asuringkuk 2.50
0W -'LSDMD\D - 2.14 1.92
Gunung Tampingan 1.02
Gunung Kaji 1.78
1.28
B
gunung malang

Gunung Tepus 0,49

0W -5DQFDNHOH 0,94
0W -6XPEXO - 4.29 1.87
Gunung Sarangan - 2.46
0W -.FPEDQJ 0,45
0W -7HUEDQJ - 2.25 1.24
Air Terjun Slamet - 0,79 1.60
<RXQJHU-6ODPHW-DLUIDOO - 2.76 0,96

&LQGHU-FRQHV

Air Terjun Slamet

) LJXUH- - 7KH-DYHUDJH-JUDLQ-VL]H-GLVWULEXWLRQ- IRU-DOO- WKH-

FLQGHU-FRQHV- D -DQG-D-FRPSDULVRQ-RI-JUDLQ-VL]H-GLVWULEXWLRQ-
WEHWZHHQ FRQHV-DQG-6ODPHW-DLUIDOOV- E

memiliki catatan stratigrafi letusan berulang dari RQH-FHQWHU

) LJXUH- - $-SORW-RI-0G-Saya melawan GI untuk kerucut cinder dan
Deposito air terjun Slamet.
DPEMBAHASAN
Kerucut cinder di Gunung Slamet memiliki kekhasan FL¿F-
GLVWULEXWLRQ-MXVW-DURXQG-WKH-HDVW-ÀDQN-RI-WKH- gunung
berapi. Gunung Slamet sendiri merupakan stratovolcano yang
-EXW-UHFHQWO\-WKH-FUDWHU-WHQGV-WR-EHFRPH-VPDOOHU
-DQG-PRYH-WRZDUGV-WKH-QRUWKZHVW -,Q-FRQ-WUDVW
-WKWH-FLQGHU-FRQH- LQ-HDFK-FRQH -ZLWK-PRUH-WKDQ-RQH-
FUDWHU-LQ-VHYHUDO-FLQGHU-FRQHV -&RPDULVRQ-RI-WKH-
GHSRVLWV-RI-WZHOYH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-WQRWJHVWV
VLJQL¿FDQW-GLIIHUHQFH- di antara endapan kerucut cinder,
dan semua tephras ZHUH-HPSODFHG-LQ-D-GU\-FRQGLWLRQ
-1R-HYLGHQFH-RI-K\GUR YROFDQLF-HUXSWLRQV-RFFXUV-LQ-
WKH-FRQH-¿HOG - 7KH-GHSRVLWV-PDLQO\-FRQVRUVW-RI-
SRQVLVW- -EHGGHG-DQG-SRRUO\-VRUWHG-YHVLFXODU-
ODSLOOL-WR-ERPEV -7KH-SUHV-HQFH-RI-KLJKO\-YHVLFXODU-
WHSKUD-GRZQ-WR-D-IHZ-PLO-OLPHWHUV-VXJ -ODUJH-EXEEOHV-
HQYLVDJHG-WR-ULVH-DORQJVLGH-YHVLFXODWLQJ-S\URPDJPD-
%ODFNEXUQ-
 7KH-&LQGHU-&RQHV-RI-0RXQW-6ODPHW -&HQWUDO--DYD -,QGRQHVLD-
, - 6 -6XWDZLGMDMD-DQG-5 -6XNK\DU
dkk - - 2Q-6WURPEROL -QRUPDO-GHJDVVLQJ-ZDV-
DFFRPSDQLHG-E\-µURDU-DQG-UXVK¶-VRXQGV-VLPLODU-WR-
WKRVH-DFFRPSDQ\LQJ-RXWOHW-RI-JDV-XQGHU-SUHVVXUH -
DQG-HDFK-VRXQG-LV-IROORZHG -RI-JDV-DQG - RFFDVLRQDOO\
-HMHFWLRQ-RI-S\URFODVWV -7KLV-EHKDYLRU-LV-
LQWHUSUHWHG-DV-WKH-EXUVWLQJ-RI-VL]HDEOH-EXEEOHV-RQ-
WKH-ODYDYD -dkk., 1976), seperti sebelumnya RXVO\-EHHQ-
LQWHUSUHWHG-IRU-ODYD-ODNHV- 0DF'RQDOG -
- 0DF'RQDOG-DOVR-GHVFULEHG-WKH-VWURPEROLDQ-
DFWLYLW\-DV-D-µZHDN-WR-YLROHQW-HMHFWLRQ-RI-SDUWO\-
ÀXLG-EOREV¶-DVVRFLDWHG-ZLWK-WKLFN-ODYD-ÀRZV-RI-
EORFN-ODYD - Menurut McGetchin dkk. (1974) gumpalan
SDUWO\-ÀXLG-ODYD-DQG-DVK-DUH-SURGXFHG-ZKHQ-MHWV-RI-
PHOWLQJ-PDWHULDOV -DFFHOHUDWHG-E\-D-JDV-UHOHDVH
-EUHDN-XS-LQWR-FOXVWHUV-DV ZLWK-PHDQ-VL]H-UDQJ-LQJ-
IURP- - PP-WR- -FP -%ODFNEXUQ-dkk. (1976) SUHVHQWHG-
HYLGHQFH-WKDW-ODUJH-EXUVWLQJ-JDV-EXEEOHV-FDXVHG-
WKH-H[SORVLYH-HUXSWLRQ-RI-PDJPD-FORWV-DW-
+ HLPDH\ -,FHODQG-DQG-6WURPEROL -,WDO\
Tephra dari kerucut cinder serupa dalam banyak hal
dengan letusan aktif, yaitu a PRGHUDWHO\-WR-SRRUO\-
VRUWHG-ODSLOOL-RU-DVK-VL]H-WHSKUD-7DEOH- -FRDUVH
JUDLQHG-DQG-KLJKO\-YHVLFXODU -7KH-JURZWK-RI-WKH-
FLQGHU-FRGHQHV -E\-WKH-VL]H-DQG-VSDFLQJ-RI-
FUXVWDO-IUDFWXUHV -7KH-FRQFHQWULF-VSDFLQJ-
IUDFWXUHV-RQ-WKH-HDVW-ÀDQN-RI-0RXQW-6ODPHW\-
OHLV-SUREDEO -WKH-FLQGHU-FRQH-FRQVWUXF-WLRQ
-EXW-WKH-REYLRXV-VWUXFWXUHV-ZKLFK-FRQWUROOHG-
WKH-HUXSWLYH-YHQWV-DUH-1: WUHQGLQJ-VWULNH-VOLS-
IDX -HLWKHU-WRSRJUDSKLF-PDSV-DQG-DHULDO-
SKRWRJUDSKV-RU-¿HOG-REVHUYDWLRQV -0F*HWFKLQ- dkk -
- VXJJHVWHG-WKDW-WKH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-JURZ-
WKURXJK-IRXU-GLVWLQFW-VWDJHV - -VLPSOH-FRQH -ZLWK-
PDQWOH-EHGGLQJ-DQG-D-ORZ-URXQGHG-ULP - -RQVHW-RI-
DQ-H[WHULRU-WDOXV-VORSH - -LRGHVWUXF -RULJLQDO-
URXQGHG-ULP-E\-D-EDFNZDUG-PLJUDWLRQ-RI-WKH-WDOXV
- DQG- -RXWZDUG-JURZWK-RI-WKH-WDOXV-VORSH-EH\RQG-
WKH-EDOOLVWLF-OLPLW -DFWLYLW\-UHVSRQVLEOH-IRU-
WKH-FRQVWUXFWLRQ-RI-D-FLQGHU-FRQH-¿HOG -FRP-
PRQO\ -UHSUHVHQWV-WKH-PRVW-UHFHQW-SKDVH-RI-
YROFDQLVP-ZLUW ZKLOVW-WKH-GLVWULEXWLRQ-RI-WKH-
\RXQJHVW-FRQHV-ZLWKLQ-D-¿HOG-UHÀHFWV-WKH-FXU-
UHQW-FRQ¿JXUDWLRQ-RI-VXEVXUIDFH-FRQGXLWV-D
menghubungkan permukaan regional ke reservoir
penyimpanan magma di kedalaman (Settle, 1979). arah dari
WKHVH-FLQGHU-FRQH-DOLJQPHQWV-FRLQFLGLQJ-ZLWK-
WKH- vektor gerak relatif dari Eurasia dan India SODWHV-
WKURXJK-WKH--DYD-,VODQG- +DWKHUWRQ-DQG-'LFN-
73
LQVRQ - - LV-FRQVLVWHQW-ZLWK-WKH-LGHD-WKDW-WHFWRQLF-
tekanan mengontrol lokasi saluran magmatik
(Nakamura, 1977).
0RUSKRPHWULF-DQDO\VLV-RI-LQGLYLGXDO-FRQH-¿HOG- telah
mengakibatkan variasi dalam bentuk kerucut cinder dapat EH-
FRUUHODWHG-ZLWK-WKH-OHQJWK-RI-WLPH-D-FRQH-KDV-EHHQ-
H[SRVHG-WR-D-SDUWLFXODU-VHW-RI-HURVLYH-SURFHVVHV-
6FRWW-DQG- :-7UDVN - - :-7UDVN - - 7KLV-VWXG\-KDV-VKRZQ- rasio
rata-rata tinggi kerucut dan diameter kerucut ZLWKLQ-D-FRQH-¿HOG
-EXW-LW-LV-QRW-GLUHFWO\-FRUUHODWHG-ZLWK-WKH-H[SRVXUH-
DJH-RI-WKH-¿HOG -6HWWOH- - GH-
diakhiri garis referensi tinggi kerucut sama dengan 0.2 FRQH-
EDVDO-GLDPHWHU-DV-D-FKDUDFWHULVWLF-RI-WKH-
LQLWLDO- bentuk kerucut cinder di gunung berapi Mauna Kea
SURYLQFH-SULRU-WR-HURVLYH-GHJUDGDWLRQ -&RPDULQJ-WR-
%ORRP¿HOG- dkk - - D-PHDQ-FRQH-KHLJKW
EDVDO-GLDPHWHU-UDWLR-IRU-+RORFHQH-FRQHV-RI- - DQG-D-
PHDQ-UDWLR-RI-FRQH-KHLJKW EDVDO-GLDPHWHU-UDWLR-RI-
- IRU-UHODWLYHO\-\RXQJ-µZHOO-IRUPHG¶-3OHLVWRFHQH-
FRQHV-KDYH-EHHQ-GHWHUPLQHG
7KHUH-DUH-WZR-SRVVLELOLWLHV-RI-WKH-FXULRXV-
GLPHQ- sion dari kerucut cinder di Gunung Slamet ditunjukkan
E\-D-PHDQ-UDWLR-RI- - - WKH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-DUH-
UHODWLYHO\-\RXQJ- - 0D -DQG- -WKH-FRQHV-ZHUH-
SUHVHUYHG-IURP-GHJUDGDWLRQ-E\-RYHUO\LQJ-\RXQJHU-
DLUIDOO-IURP-0RXQW-6ODPHW-DFWLYLW\ -7KH-GLIIHUHQFHV-
LQ- FRQH- VKDSH-PD\- UHVXOW- IURPUH-WKHH- ZHDWKHULQJ-
HQYLURQPHQW-DQG-KHDY\-UDLQIDOO-WKDW-WHQG-WR-
DFFHOHUDWH-WKH-GRZQ-VORSH-PRYHPHQW-RI-VXU¿FLDO-
bahan pada kerucut cinder.
CKESIMPULAN
0RVW-RI-WKH-WKLUW\-¿YH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-RI-0RXQW-6ODPHW-
OLH-DORQJ-WKH-QRUWKZHVW WUHQGLQJ-IDXOW-V\VWHP - DQG-
DUH-DOVR-FRQWUROOHG-E IUDFWXUHV-ZKLFK-PD\- EH-UHODWHG-
WR-WKH-UDGLDO-IDXOWV-MXVW-VXUURXQGLQJ-EH\RQG-WKH-
VWXG\-DUHD -7KH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-RFFXU-VLQJO\-DRU-VLQJO\-
-VPDOO-JURXS-UDQJLQJ-IURP-PRXQGV-OHVV-WKDQ- - P-LQ-EDVDO-
GLDPHWHU-DQG-RQO\-VHYHUDO-PHWHUV-KLJK -WR-KLOOV-DV-
PXFK-DV- - P-DFURVV- WKH-EDVH-DQG- - P-KLJK - DQG-WKH-
SUHVHQFH-RI-PRVW-RI-WKH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-ZDV-GXH-WR-WKH-
VWURPEROLDQ-HUXSWLRQ -7KH\-JHQHUDOO\- -WKH-7HUWLDU\-
VHGLPHQWV -DQG-DUH-EXULHG-E\-WKH-0RXQW-6ODPHW-
YROFDQLF-SURGXFWV -SDUWLFXODUO\- ODYD-ÀRZV-DQG-
S\URFODVWLF-DLUIDOOV -FLQGHU-FRQHV-DUH-FRQFHQWUDWHG-
ZLWKLQ-ODWLWXGHV- ?? - -
 74 Jurnal Geologi Indonesia, Vol. 4 No. 1 Maret 2009: 57-75
7°16'00” S, dan garis bujur 109°15'00” - 109°18'00” ( -
ZLWK-D-ORFDO-FRQH-GHQVLW\-RI- -FRQHV NP2 -ZLWK-
WRWDO-YROXPH-LV- - NP .
0RUSKRPHWULF-DQDO\VHV-VKRZV-DOO-RI-WKH-FLQGHU-
FRQHV-KDYH-D-PHDQ-UDWLR-RI-FRQH-KHLJKW-EHLQJ- - RI-WKH-
FRQH-EDVDO-ZLGWK -ZJKHUK- -WKDQ-WKH-+FR-
- - - :FR-UHIHUHQFH-OLQH -7KH-JUDLQ-VL]H-FKDUDFWHU-
karakteristik endapan kerucut cinder dibandingkan dengan
Slamet DLUIDOOV- JHQHUDOO\- LQGLFDWH- WKDW- WKH-
SDUWLFOHV- DUH-FRDUVHU JUDLQHG-DQG-OHVV-SRRUO\-
VRUWHG -7KH-FLQGHU-FRQHV-DUH-UHODWLYHO\-\RXQJ-ZDU- -
- \HDUV-EDVHG-RQ-WKH-. $U-DJH-GDWLQJ--RI-WKH-
VFRULDH-WDNHQ-IURP-0RXQW-'LSDMD\D
ucapan terima kasih±7KH-DXWKRUV-DUH-JUHDWO\-LQGHEWHG-WR-WKH-
SUHYLRXV-+HDG-RI-&HQWHU-RI-9ROFDQRORJ\-DQG-*HRORJLFDO-
+ D]DUG-0LWLJDWLRQ -'U -$ ' -:LUDNXVXPDK-ZKR-KDV-JLYHQ-D-FKDQFH-RI-
WKH-LQYHVWLJDWLRQ -:H-DUH-JUDWHIXO-WR-3URIHVVRU-'U - 7HWVXR-.
\DVKL-IRU-KLV-JXLGDQFH-LQ-WKH-¿HOG -DQG-3URIHVVRU-'U -
$GMDW-6XGUDGMDW-ZKR-JDYH-DXWKRUV-D-VXSSRUW-WR-SXEOLVK-WKH-
SDSHU -7KDQNV- DOO-FROOHDJXHV-ZKR-KDYH-JLYHQ-WKH-DXWKRUV-
bantuan dan dukungan.
REFERENSI
%ODFNEXUQ - ( -:LOVRQ - / - DQG- 6SDUNV -5 - 6 - - -
0HFKDQLVPV- DQG- G\QDPLFV- RI- VWURPEROLDQ- DFWLYLW\ -
jurnal Masyarakat Geologi London,- - S -
440.
%ORRP¿HOG -. -6DQFKH]-5XELR -* -DQG-:LOVRQ -/ -
3OLQLDQ-HUXSWLRQV-RI-1HYDGR-GH-7ROXFD-YROFDQR
-0H[LFR - Geologische Rundschau, 66, hal. 120-146.
Djuri, M., 1975. Peta Geologi Purwokerto dan Tegal
Segi empat, Jawa -VFDOH- - - - * HRORJLFDO-6XUYH\-
dari Indonesia.
(DWRQ -* -3 - - 7KH-EDVLQ-DQG-UDQJH-SURYLQFH -RULJLQ-DQG-
WHFWRQLF-VLJQL¿FDQFH -$-5HYLHZ Ilmu Bumi dan
Planet, 10, hal.409 - 440.
) LVKHU -5 -9 - - 3URSRVHG-FODVVL¿FDWLRQ-RI-
YROFDQRFODVWLF- sedimen dan batuan. Buletin Amerika
Masyarakat Geologi, 72, hal. 1409-1414.
+ DPLOWRQ -: - - Tektonik wilayah Indonesia,
* HRORJLFDO-6XUYH\-3URIHVVLRQDO-3DSHU -QR -
+ DWKHUWRQ -7 -DQG-'LFNLQVRQ -:-5 - - 7KH-UHODWLRQVKLS-
EHWZHHQ-DQGHVLWLF-YROFDQLVP-DQG-VHLVPLFLW\-
LQ-,QGRQHVLD - Antillen Kecil, dan busur pulau lainnya.
Jurnal Penelitian Geofisika, 74 (2) -S - - 9HUZRHUG -:-- -DQG-&KHYDOOLHU -/ -
+ HLNHQ -* - - &KDUDFWHULVWLFV-RI-WHSKUD-IURP-FLQGHU-FRQH
- /DVVHQ-9ROFDQLF-1DWLRQDO-3DUN -&DOLIRUQLD -Buletin
Vulkanologi, 41 (2) -S -
, QPDQ -' - / - - 0HDVXUHV- IRU- GHVFULELQJ- WKH- VL]H-
GLVWULEXWLRQ- RI- VHGLPHQWV - Jurnal Petrologi
Sedimen, 22, hal. 125-145.
Katili, JA, 1969. Sesar transcurrent besar di Asia Tenggara
ZLWK-VSHFLDO-UHIHUHQFH-WR-,QGRQHVLD -Buletin
Institut Nasional Geologi dan Mineral,- - - S -
Kear, D., 1957. Tahapan erosi kerucut vulkanik sebagai
indikator usia. Teknologi Sains Selandia Baru, %-
P. 671-682.
MacDonald, GA, 1972, gunung berapi -(QJOHZRRG-&OLIIV -1HZ-
- HUVH\ -3UHQWLFH +DOO-
0F*HWFKLQ -7 -5 - 6HWWOH -0 - DQG-&KRXHW -% + - -
&LQGHU- FRQH- JURZWK-PRGHOHG- DIWHU-1RUWKHDVW-
FUDWHU - 0W -(WQD -6LVLO\ - Jurnal Penelitian Geofisika, 79, S -
0F*HWFKLQ -7 -5 -DQG-6HWWOH -0 - - &LQGHU-FRQH-VHSDUDWLRQ-
jarak: implikasi untuk kedalaman formasi JUDEERLF-
[HQROLWKV -EOS, 56, hal. 1070.
1DNDPXUD -. - - 9ROFDQRHV-DV-SRVVLEOH- LQGLFDWRUV-RI-
orientasi tegangan tektonik - prinsip dan proposal. Jurnal
Penelitian Vulkanologi dan Panas Bumi, 2, hal. 1-16.
1HXPDQQ- YDQ- 3DGDQJ -0 - - &DWDORJXH- RI- DFWLYH-
YROFDQRHV-RI-WKH-ZRUOG-LQFOXGLQJ-VROIDWDUD-¿HOGV -SDUW-
1, Indonesia. Asosiasi Vulkanologi Internasional Italia
, Napoli, 271 hal.
3DUG\DQWR -/ - - Peta geologi daerah gunung Slamet dan
sekitarnya – potret udara, skala 1: 100.000.
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Makalah diterima : 12 Agustus 2008

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