Solusi Atasi Isu Power Quality:

Healthcare
oleh Yorga Rohimuddin

21 Mei 2022, Innovation Day : Healthcare

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The Trends: Loads Characteristic Shifting Trend
Beban-beban elektronik yang terhubung ke jaringan semakin dominan

Mulanya di era Edison dan Tesla, 100% beban

adalah beban linear.
Kemudian teknologi elektronik muncul tahun

95%
20%
1970-an. Hingga di pertengahan dekade
pertama 2000-an beban elektronik naik jadi
sekitar 20% dari total beban.
Hari ini beban elektronik di gedung-gedung
modern bisa mencapai 95%

Proporsi beban non linear

(misalnya elektronik)

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Shifting of Load Characteristic
Bangunan Modern memakai lebih sedikit energi akibat dari penggunaan
peralatan listrik berbasis elektronika daya.

40% lebih hemat listrik,

250
154
kWh/m2
kWh/m2
/thn
/thn
Rata-rata pemakaian energi Rata-rata pemakaian
gedung konvensional energi gedung Modern
(Non Green Mark Rating) (Platinum Rating)*
* Data Building Control Authority, Singapore

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Load Characteristic Shifting
VSD Controlled Motor

Dahulu, Menggunakan Resistor + motor DC

untuk kendali kecepatan.
à Bulky
à Inefficient (high losses pada resistor)
à High maintenance cost (brush, motor
construction)

Sekarang, menggunakan AC motor + VSD

untuk kendali kecepatan

Benefit : Saving! baik energy maupun spare part

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Load Characteristic Shifting
General Lighting System

Dahulu, menggunakan TL Neon.

à Bulky
à power factor sangat rendah (typical 0.25lag)
à Less efficient

Kini, bergeser ke penggunakan lampu

dengan ballast elektronik : LED, T5, T8, CFL.

Significant Energy Saving, hingga 80% untuk

lumen yang sama.

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Load Characteristic Shifting
Smarter yet more delicate loads

Sejak dahulu data center adalah beban yang
dikenal sebagai penghasil harmonik arus
yang tinggi. SMPS yang digunakan untuk
mensuplay tenaga bagi server, menghasilkan
harmonik orde 3 yang sangat tinggi.
Di sisi lain, mikro prosesor modern bekerja
di level tegangan yang semakin rendah.
Sehingga peralatan listrik modern semakin
rentan terhadap gangguan tegangan.

Microprocessor voltage
25V à 15V à 5v à 3V

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Sifat Perangkat Listrik Modern

q High Power Factor à >0.98

q High Efficiency à >0.9
q High Harmonic Content à THDi 40%-80%
q Prone to Power Disturbance

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Sumber-sumber Gangguan Tegangan
qInternal Facility
qPola operasi beban terpasang (beban siklik,
harmonik, dll)
qKesalahan/Masalah pada instalasi, dll
qSumber listrik/PLN
qManuver Jaringan
qAlam (sambaran kilat, vegetasi, hewan, dll)
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Contoh-contoh gangguan PQ di rumah sakit.
Services / Offices Internal Facility

Motor
Lighting
Older Equipment (fluorescent)
(fluorescent) Variable
speed drive

Faults / Short- Electric

Electric
Circuit furnace
furnace
Rectifier
Rectifier

Computer network
Loose wiring Welding machine

Voltage Sags,
Sensitive Electronics Loads Voltage Sags,
Swells,
usually generate harmonics… Swells,
Flickers
Flickers
Unbalances,
Unbalances,
etc
etc

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Power quality definition
Reference to international definitions…

IEEE Std 1159-1995 IEC61000-4-30

• The concept of powering and grounding sensitive • Characteristics of the electricity at a given point on an
equipment in a manner that is suitable to the operation of electrical system, evaluated against a set of reference
that equipment. technical parameters

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 Summary of PQ waveforms according to IEEE Std 1159

Impulsive
Oscillatory Voltage
transient Overvoltage dc Frequency
transient swell
Voltage offset Voltage variation
Imbalance Notching Harmonics Noise fluctuation
0-8pu

Voltage Voltage
sag interruptions
0.5 cycle Undervoltage
– 1 min > 1 min

0.5 cycle
– 1 min
0.1-0.9pu

0.1-0.9pu

1.1-1.2pu
1.1-1.4pu

<25Hz <10s

0.5 cycle > 1 min

– 1 min

Internal
 System Resiliency

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“Sistem yang memiliki kehandalan (Reliability) yang tinggi
belum tentu memiliki daya-lenting (Resiliency) yang baik”

Bagaimana EcoStruxture™ Power Bisa Membantu?

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Sistem yang Handal (reliable) Sekaligus Lenting (resilient)…

… Bisa dicapai. Kuncinya adalah

1. Perencanaan yang mendetail dan menyeluruh,
- dengan mempertimbangkan redundancy, back-up system, dan operability.

2. Monitoring dan Maintenance,

- yang mampu memberikan status mendetail setiap equipment.
3. Smart-Grid, Renewable, dan Microgrids.
- Sebagai pensuplay tenaga yang berkualitas bagi Rumah Sakit baik dalam situasi normal
ataupun dalam kondisi darurat untuk jangka waktu yang lama.

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 Design & Build Phase Operate & Maintain Phase

Specifier • Engineering Panel builder • System integrator • OEM Facility manager • Operator Facility manager • General manager
Contractor • Electrician Technical maintenance

FASTER SIMPLER COMPLIANT SAFER RELIABLE EFFICIENT

Avoid Electrical Fires and Ensure Protection
Save Time and Money in Design & Engineering
Avoid Downtime by Preventing Power Failures

Reduce Risk and Ensure Future Ready Design Recover from an Outage and Restore Power Safely

Comply with Standards & Best Practices Increase Electrical System & Asset Reliability

Save Money by Reducing Energy Spend & Maintenance

Simplify Install & Commissioning
Maintain Compliance to Regulations and Sustainability

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Contoh Desain RS 300 bed

1. Dual main
1 3 source
2. Dual
distribution
2 2
3. Renewable
Microgrid
back up.
4. Dual feeder
for critical
load

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Power Quality Concern in Hospital

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Bad PQ effect in healthcare

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Bad PQ effect in healthcare

Pain Point : Voltage Regulation & Neutral Harmonics

When a hospital, which needed to protect mission-critical equipment and processes, they turned to a power-quality Original Equipment Manufacturer. The hospital
outlined a number of challenges it faced in its efforts to preserve and protect its medical imaging equipment and, more importantly, the integrity of the resulting
medical images. Medical imaging equipment is, by nature, sensitive equipment. For one, it requires a sizeable inrush of high-impulse currents during use. At the
same time, the voltage feeding must be controlled to within very narrow specific cations (typically 2% of connected line voltage during peak inrush) in order to keep
the high-voltage components functioning properly. In addition, medical imaging equipment must be noise-free (less than 0.5 volts neutral to ground) and disruption-
free during utility voltage sags to avoid impacting image quality and patient diagnosis. Hence it becomes critical to contain neutral harmonic currents as well.

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 Schneider Solutions for Power Quality
From monitoring to mitigation solutions

Measure:
Power Meters + PME Software

Analyze:
Improve: PME reports + PQ Advisor +
Mitigation and PQ Experts
correction
equipment

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Accusine™
Advance Electronic Power Conditioner

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Harmonic Effect to Power System

Typical Electricity in Modern

Building:
• Excellent CosPhi
• High Harmonic
v Gedung ini baru beroperasi 1 tahun
v Beban yang menyala sudah sekitar 60% kapasitas
v Tidak satu step kapasitor bank pun yang bekerja
v Tidak terkena denda kVAR dari PLN.
v Banyak masalah kelistrikan

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PQ Offer Portfolio
Power solutions

Cost
Performance
AccuSine
PowerLogic DVR PCS+
AccuSine Q3 2021
PowerLogic EVC+ PCSn
VarSet Q3 2022 (W1)
PFC Banks

Network
Performance

Power Factor Active PFC (EVC) Active Filter Active Correction

Voltage Regulator
Correction (PFC) Active PFC solution for Harmonic Correction Harmonic Correction
Chronic over/ PFC, Unbalance,
VarSet for Passive PFC Electro Sensitive for small and medium
Asset under voltage Flicker for Electro
and Components for /Intensive loads. Dynamic Buildings with Neutral
Performance Short-duration sags Intensive loads
PnB market and Step less PFC correction

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International Recognition

"Active harmonic filters have four key components: electromechanics, power electronics, controls, and
firmware. While many solutions providers may excel in any one of these, they find it challenging to create
the ideal symmetry. Schneider stands out for offering the perfect balance of these four component types“
(Maria Benintende, Industry Principal, Frost & Sullivan, 2020)

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 Accusine dirancang untuk :
Kompensasi Arus Harmonik
Kompensasi daya Reactive (VAR)
Kompensasi Load unbalance

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 Rentang Variasi Produk Accusine

20A s.d.
60A

60A
s.d.
300A

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Ringkasan Kondisi Isu Harmonik
Before
§ ACB gagal ON
§ Pada saat gangguan dari PLN terjadi, ACB
seringkali gagal ON. ACB trip kembali saat di
ON-kan sehingga suplay listrik ke beban
terlambat.
§ Nuisance Breaker Tripping
§ Pada saat running normal, Breaker trip. Padahal
setelah diperiksa tidak terdapat fault ataupun
overload current.
§ Suhu Trafo tinggi
§ Berdasarkan data log harian tim Maintenance,
suhu trafo beroperasi pada kisaran suhu 70oC.
Padahal pada pembebanan sedang ( ~40%)
suhu trafo biasanya pada suhu <50oC.
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After
§ ACB gagal ON à tidak terjadi lagi
§ Setelah level harmonik turun ke level aman,
ACB saat transfer genset tidak lagi gagal ON
§ Nuisance Breaker Tripping à tidak lagi
terjadi
§ Setelah level harmonik turun ke level aman,
Breaker tidak lagi mengalami Nuisance
tripping..
§ Suhu trafo normal
§ Setelah harmonik filter beroperasi THDi turun
ke level <5% dan sekarang trafo beroperasi
pada suhu ~47oC. Meskipun level
pembebanan sama dengan sebelumnya.
 Accusine PCS+
• Aktif Filter dengan teknologi terbaik ; < 3% THDi
• Bisa memperbaiki PF sekaligus control Flicker
• Closed loop: Feedback loop untuk control yang presisi
• Programmable setpoint THDi dan THDv memungkinkan
solusi yang paling efisien sesuai dengan kebutuhan
pelanggan
• Low losses & low noise : teknologi 3-Level IGBT inverter
• Touch-screen HMI: display warna yang intuitif dan mudah
dipahami
• Sertifikasi : UL, CE, RCM (Aus), ABS, RoHS (Green Premium)
• IP00/IP20/IP31/IP54 enclosures dan NEMA 1/12 enclosures

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 Perbedaan 2 Level Inverter dengan 3 Level Inverter

Terjadi switching penuh antara +Vdc ke -Vdc. Karena tegangan Vdc Switching IGBT terjadi antara +Vdc, “netral”, dan -Vdc. Dengan
480V, maka stress tegangan pada IGBT adalah 2x 480Volt atau 960Volt demikian stress tegangan pada IGBT lebih kecil yaitu 480 Volt.

Keunggulan 3 Level Inverter

1. Lebih rendah losses à 3.5% ke 2.5% (~30% improve)
2. IGBT Lebih rendah stress à sistem lebih reliable
3. Lebih rendah common mode noise à Lebih mudah mencapai target THDi

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Accusine
adalah solusi terbaik jika…

Sumber gangguan PQ berasal

dari Internal Facility

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Dynamic Voltage Regulator
Voltage Regulator for Digital World

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

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Dynamic Voltage Regulator (DVR)
Voltage Sag – Definition

Voltage Sag is defined by the IEEE 1159 as the decrease in Main causes of voltage sags:
the RMS voltage level below 90% till 10% of nominal, at the
• Natural phenomena: lighting, vegetation and animals
power frequency for durations of ½ cycle to one minute
• Underground cable damage: due to works and excavations
This phenomena ends when Voltage resume back to 90% • Failures in electrical supply equipment (protections and substations)
• Machine start or short circuit nearby
Sag Duration
Industries with sensitive
loads may incur as high as
Sag Depth

5% of their turn over due

28% PQ event is
to PQ problems and >60%
of those are caused due to
Nominal Voltage

Voltage Sags.

Voltage Sag
While voltage interruption
impacts the whole
operation Voltage sag
only impacts the sensitive
equipment

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Dynamic Voltage Regulator (DVR)
Basic definitions

What is a DVR ?
Dynamic Voltage Regulator (DVR) is a series-connected solid state power device
used for cost-effectively and efficiently protecting sensitive loads in power
distribution and transmission systems against voltage distortions.

Where do we install a DVR ?

DVRs are generally installed in a distribution network at a point of common
coupling between the critical load and supply feeder. These devices are primarily
designed to reduce voltage sags on power lines that cater to sensitive
commercial and industrial equipment.

What does a DVR do if there is no Voltage disturbance ?

In normal operations, DVRs remain connected to the grid and offer minimal
voltage to compensate for marginal drops due to device and transformers losses.
Their real action begins after an occurrence of fault.

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PowerLogic DVR
Working Principle

A Dynamic Voltage regulator (DVR) is implemented using Power

Electronics technology. Its electrical scheme and components
are like those of AccuSine and 3-Ph UPS.

The DVR is a flexible compensator that injects and absorbs energy, the purpose of which is to mitigate and eliminate the effect of
electrical disturbances to offer an extremely stable voltage (Vn ± 1 %) with a very fast response.

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Summary of PQ waveforms
DVR Coverage

Impulsive Voltage Frequency

transient Oscillatory Overvoltage variation
transient swell dc
Voltage Voltage offset
Imbalance fluctuation Notching Harmonics Noise
0-8pu

Voltage
sag
0.5 cycle Undervoltage
Voltage – 1 min > 1 min
interruptions

0.5 cycle
– 1 min
0.1-0.9pu

0.1-0.9pu

1.1-1.2pu
<25Hz
1.1-1.4pu

<10s

0.5 cycle > 1 min

– 1 min

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DVR
Adalah solusi optimum jika…

Sumber gangguan PQ berasal

dari External Source

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OT Panel
Ultimate Safety at The Heart of “Hot Room”

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

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 99,9998%
*290 years calculated MTBF, according to the dependability study

Patient safety
“No downtime”
first, through
“No leakage”
Energy availability
performance.
Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

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Patient environment
Operating Room Electrical Distribution

•25 m maximum Distance between IT

Transformer and IT sockets
•Up to 6 sockets per IT feeder, 3 is
nice to have
•Up to 6 sockets per TNS feeder +
Automatic door, ambient light, HD
screen, 32A dedicated for mobile MRI
•TNS sockets are 1.5 m far of the
patient

•Reinforced Equipotential bonding in

the room by adding Earthing bar in the
room

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 Advanced Local Monitoring
Value Propositions Electrical Maintenance Use-Case

1. Local Monitoring of real-time value and

healthy/faulty conditions on product display

2. « Event Notification » alarm in case of

“insulation fault” or “transformer fault” on the on
IM20-H display with “fault location” on IFL12H
display

3. « Data and Event storage »

- « Event Logging » : Storage and display for
preventive maintenance on IM20-H &

Modbus
RS485
IFL12MC

4. « Local Configuration » : IMD & IFL HMI

Internal
Key components inside
• Global switch to access in the cubicle in safety condition

•24 VDC module for continuity of electronic devices services

• 30 ms performance of the simple and reliable double

contactors

• 3 TNS RCD feeders.

•IT feeder zone with 12 IT feeders and Vigilohm IMD system

• fault locator, IFL12-H to manage Insulation fault location

• SmartLink to manage TNS and IT feeder trip or status

•Isolated Transformer (MTBF more than 100 years) with

Temperature monitoring by bimetallic strip

Confidential Property of Schneider Electric

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OT Panel Design, Highlight

• Di line up IT feeder, tidak boleh

terpasang ELCB
• Total fault discrimination
● No main breaker in the isolated panel
• Single phase isolation transformer.

Internal
OT Panel, 3 fasa vs 1 fasa
Pembebanan tidak seimbang (severe case).
Contoh kasus: RS SP tahun 2017, OT panel dengan rating 6kVA, terpasang beban 1fasa total 3kVA, tiba-tiba terbakar

Trafo 3 fasa Trafo 1 fasa

Penjelasan: beban-beban Severe unbalance load à trafo terbakar karena rating Jika beban 3kVA tersebut terpasang pada trafo
tersebut tanpa sengaja belitan fasa hanya 2kVA. 1 fasa dengan rating sama (6kVA) à tidak ada
terkoneksi hanya pada 1 fasa masalah sama sekali karena trafo baru dibebani
tertentu *Meskipun trafo nampak baru dibebani 50% kapasitas, 50% kapasitas
tetapi rating belitan sudah terlewati.
Rating belitan Terdiri dari 3 belitan yang ratingnya 1/3 rating trafo. Terdiri dari sepasang belitan yang ratingnya
Misal: trafo 6kVA 3ph, è 3 pasang belitan @2kVA sama dengan rating trafo.
Misal : trafo 6kVA 1 ph, rating belitan = 6kVa

Trafo 3ph, 6kVA Trafo 1ph, 6kVA

2k
VA
VA
2k
2kVA

6kVA 6kVA
2kVA

2kV
A
A
2kV

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OT Panel, 3 fasa vs 1 fasa
Kesesuaian dengan peraturan Menteri Kesehatan no. 2306 tahun 2011

Kutipan permenkes 2306/2011 1 fasa 3 fasa

* Penggunaan Trafo 1 Ditambahkan sebagai
fasa adalah syarat yang trafo terpisah hanya
harus dipenuhi saat jika ada beban 3fasa
membuat OT panel. di lokasi medik
kelompok 2.

*lihat slide tentang pembagian kelompok lokasi medik

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Internal