M nino samsonia

mdinare enguris etimoloogisTvis

(Sumeruli literaturuli teqstebis mixedviT)

literaturuli kultura msoflio istoriaSi saTaves iRebs SumerSi. Sumeruli poeturi teqstebi moicavs Zv.w.
2600- 500 w.w. periods. babilonelebi da asurelebi arian memkvidreni Sumeruli civilizaciis, romelic Zv.w.
IV aTaswleulidan iRebs saTaves.
Sumeruli literatura, ZiriTadad, poeturi teqstis formiT aris Seqmnilid da maTi Targmna-Seswavla
upirvelesad teqnikuri xasiaTis midgomas efuZneba. SesaZloa striqonebi dawyvildes an teqsti daiyos sa-
mi-oTxi striqonisgan Semdgar nawilebad _ Sinaarsobrivad dasrulebuli monakveTebis, `JReradobis~,
struqturis, aseve asonansis, aliteraciis an riTmis Sesabamisad. dRemde sakamaToa iyo Tu ara, Sumeruli
da aqaduri eposi, riTmaze dafuZnebuli. riTmis msgavs efeqtebs mainc vawydebiT, rac gansakuTrebiT ik-
veTeba siuJetis kulminaciur epizodebSi, rodesac avtors raime mniSvnelovanis Tqma surs.
Sumeruli eposebis Seswavlisadmi meore da umTavresi midgoma mTlianad poemis struqturis ana-
lizs gulisxmobs. Tumca imisaTvis, rom Rrmad CavwvdeT Sumerul poetur sityvas, umTavresi mainc meta-
foruli enis gagebaa. Aam kuTxiT ki, gansakuTrebiT mdidari lugalbandas poemebia 1. xSirad bundovania
gansxvaveba or mxatvrul xerxs – Sedarebasa da metaforas Soris. poemebSi pirdapiri da gadataniTi
mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebuli leqsika Tu frazeologia erTmaneTs erwymis. 2
Sumeruli da aqaduri teqstebi iTargmneba lursmuli teqstis transliteraciidan. 3 SeZlebisdagvarad aR-
dgenilia prononsi (S=Š; x=ĥ; ng=ğ da a.S.). evropeli mkvlevarebi Sumeruli enis prononss aRniSnaven tran-
sliteraciis sul ramdenime niSniT. Sesabamisad, aseTi teqstis JReradobac erTgvaria. M
pirveli qarTveli asiriologi, mixako wereTeli, Sumeruli leqsikis gaSifvrisas aRadgens yvela bgeras,
romelic fiqsirdeba qarTvelur enebSi. rogorebicaa: w, y, W, x. Sesabamisad, wereTeli gvTavazobs bgeraTa
Sesatyvisobis miseul kanons Sumerulsa da qarTvelur enebs Soris. 4
Aamjerad yuradRebas SevaCerebT lugalbandas eposebsa da enxeduanas poeziaSi 5 dafiqsirebul
sityva engurze _ Sum. Engur, miwisqveSa mdinare.
Sumeruli eposis ”lugalbanda da anzudi” 79-e, 159-e da 408-e striqonSi vkiTxulobT:

79. Dam-bi u 2 bi-in-dug 4 engur-ra ba-te

misi coli gahkioda, xmam enguramde CaaRwia

159. ki-ibmušen ki-ibmušen engur-ra sug gid 2 -gin 7 inim-ma

mu-na-ni-ib-gi 4
enguris wkriala wylis ki-ib CitiviT…pasuxobda

408. zi aratta-ka engur-ra he 2 -ni-in-dab 5

igi araTas enguridan gaanadgurebs.

1
Sumeruli epikuri Janri da saerTod literatura, dafuZnebulia q. uruqis literaturul tradiciaze. Sumeruli miTologiis Ta-
naxmad, swored am qalaqSi Seqmnila damwerloba uruqis mefis, enmerqaris mier, romlis memkvidre yofila lugal-
banda, romelic Sumeruli poemebis epikuri gmiri da “gilgameSis eposis” mTavari gmiris, gilgameSis mamaa.
samsonia 2009, 5.
2
Jeremy Black , Reading Sumerian Poetry,(The Athlone Press, London,1998), 13.
3
transliteracia _laTinuri SriftiT lursmuli niSnebis gadmotana. sityvebisa da marcvlebis defiziT gaSorebul wyebas
warmoadgens, rac qmnis sityvas an gramatikul kompleqs.
1. 4 Nino Samsonia, Sumerian and Georgian Lexical Parallels, Bulletin of the AGIBAS, American-Georgian
Institute of Biblical and Archaeological Studies #2-3, Cornell University, 2004-5), 44-49.
5
enxeduanas poezia warmoadgens kacobriobis pirvel poezias qronologiurad (Zv.w. XXIV-XXIII s.s.) da aseve pirveli
mxatvruli sityvis nimuSs, romelsac avtori hyavs.
ix. samsonia 2012, 15-16.
 teqstis mixedviT, saqme gvaqvs rogorc semantikur, aseve fonetikur TanxvedrasTan saqarTvelos
mdinare engurTan. 6 Eeposis teqstSi aRwerili magiuri rituali, sruldeba afsus fskerze, engurSi a-ankara
iaraRiT. qarTul enaSi, sityva “ankara”, zedsarTavi saxelia da sufTa wyalTan asocirdeba. Zvel qarTulSi ki
”ankara (mZromi) – mcire gvelsa hgavs”. 7
Sumerul teqstebSi Aankara inanas iaraRia, ukavSirdeba mtknari wylis stiqias da iseve, rogorc qarTulSi,
wyalTan aris asocirebuli:Ma-ankara (Sum.a=wyali; Aankara=iaraRi). am iaraRiT, romlis zusti mniSvneloba
ucnobia, qalRmerTi inana magiur ritualebs atarebs engurSi. 8
Sumeruli eposis: “lugalbanda da anzudi” 406-e striqonSi vkiTxulobT:

406. a 2 -an-kar 2 a 2 me 3 dinana-ka u 3 -bi 2 -in-gu 7

9
a-ankaras, inanas Zlier laSqars daapurebs .

Aam SemTxvevaSic sayuradReboa qarTulisa da Sumerulis A”ankara wylisa” da “enguris” fonetikur-

semantikuri Tanxvedra.

samxreT Suamdinaruli rwmeniT, yvela mdinare, wyaro, tba, nakaduli moedineboda mtknari wylis
okeaneTidan, romelic miwisqveSeTSi iRebda saTaves _ abzu/afsu-Si anu engurSi, mlaSe wyali –zRva ki
dedamiwas gars akravda.
enguri iyo sibrZnis RmerTis, enqis (aqad. ea) samyofeli, Tavis col damgalnunasTan (damqina) da deda
namusTan erTad. 10 sityvaAafsus Ziri fs qarTul enaSic wylis nakadTanaa dakavSirebuli, (mag. mdinare sufsa,
fsou da a.S). razec Tavis droze, mixeil wereTelma gaamaxvila yuradReba. 11
E uruqis mefeTa eposebi Zv.w. XXVI saukuneSi unda Seqmniliyo, Tumca Cvenamde moRweuli yvelaze Zveli
xelnawerebi, uris III dinastiis periodiT TariRdeba (Zv.w. XXI s.). Aam droisaTvis, ukve Seqmnili iyo uris
mTvaris taZris qurumis, enxeduanas, poeziac. enxeduanas himnebSi qalRmerT inanasadmi, ankara aseve
inanas iaraRs niSnavs.

E himnSi IN-NIN-ME-HUŠ-A 12 (inana da ebixi) me-2 striqonSi vkiTxulobT:

2. dinana a 2 -an-kar 2 kug šu du 7 mud-bi gu 2 e 3

“igi, vinc SemarTavs a-ankaras, oms clis sisxlisgan 13.

HhimnSi IN-NIN-ŠA-GUR 4 -RA 14 (qalbatoni samyaros guli) enguric analogiur konteqstSi gvxvdeba:

65.sa la 2 -a-ni engur-ra ku 6 ab-dab 5 -dab 5 -be 2 a-sur-ra-

kam a-ḫa-an nu-da 13 -da 13
“enguris Tevzi inanas badeSia” 15…

6
Eenguri _mdinare dasavleT saqarTveloSi, kavkasionis mTavari wyalgamyofi qedis samxreT kalTaze da kolxeTis
barSi. saTaves iRebs myinvar engurze., zRvis donidan 2614 m-ze, sof. anakliasTan erTvis Sav zrvas. (sigrze 213 km,
auzis farTobi 4060 km2.
7
sulxan-saba orbeliani, ”sityvis kona qarTuli”, ( Tbilisi,”saqarTvelos ssr saxelmwifo gamomcemloba 1949), 27
8
nNino samsonia, Sumer mefeTa eposebi ,( Tbilisi, universali 2009), 91.
9
Nnino samsonia, Sumeruli poezia, (Tbilisi, universali 2012), 40.
2. 10 Jeremy Black , Anthony Green, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia,( London,
2004), 28.
11
M mixeil wereTeli , sumeruli da qarTuli, ,( tfilisi, gvirgvini , 1912), 27-117.
12
Ppoemis pirveli sityvebia. Sumeruli tradiciiT pirveli sityvebi iTvleboda saTaurad anu: “brwyinvale, uZleveli
qalbatoni”. “inana da ebixi” Tanamedrove saxelwodebaa.
ix. samsonia 2012, 40.
13
samsonia 2012, 40.
14
Phimnis pirveli striqoni anu saTauri, qarT. “qalbatoni, samyaros guli”ix. samsonia 2012, 51.
15
samsonia 2012, 55.
 Sumerul teqstebze muSaobisas, mTavar sirTules, samwerlobo tradiciis ararseboba warmoadgens.
SesaZloa firfitis kolofonebSi daculi yofiliyo raime informacia teqstis warmomavlobis, istoriis, aseve xel-
naweris sxvasxva variantebis Sesaxeb, magram gadamweri amis Sesaxeb arafers ambobs. Sumerul
enaSi toponimebisa da RmerTebis saxelebi aSkarad winaSumeruli warmoSobisaa, radgan ar xerxdeba
maTi Sumeruli etimologiebis dadgena. 16 analogiur problemas vawydebiT sityva engurTan dakavSirebiT,
romelic Sumeruli warmomavlobisa ar unda iyos. magaliTad, Sumeruli RmerTebisa da toponimebis
mravali saxeli, dravidul leqsikas ukavSirdeba. Aarsebobs mosazreba, rom samxreT mesopotamiaSi,
draviduli ena yofiliyo gavrcelebuli, am teritoriaze Sumerebis Semosvlamde. am varaudis safuZvels ki,
arsebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi gvaZleven, magaliTad: Sum. eridu –(qalaqi SumerSi) dravidulad –“adgili”,
zogan “sivrce”. Buranun –Sum. Evfrati, dravidulad –“mdinare” da a. S.
Aarsebobs mosazrebac, rom Sumeruli leqsikis udidesi nawili arc draviduli an semituri da arc naxur-
daRestnuri warmoSobisaa. igi garkveul msgavsebas avlens qarTveluri enebis leqsikur maragTan. es
msgavsebebi ki, nawilobriv, Sesatyvisobebis kanonad SeiZleba Camoyalibdes, rac momavali kvlevebis
saqmea 17
Cven mier warmodgenili masala, Sumeruli poeturi teqstebis Targmanze muSaobisas moviZieT.
Aarsebuli lursmuli teqstebi TiTqmis erTi aTaswleulis (Zv.w.III aTaswleuli) suraTs warmogvidgenen, rac
rogorc arsebuli sakiTxis, aseve Zveli axlo aRmosavleTisa da kavkasiis kulturuli urTierTobebisTvis, kidev
erTi naTeli dasturia.

16
Ddraviduli tomebi ariuli tomebis Semosvlamde saxlobdnen dRevandeli iranis teritoriaze. elamuri ena, romelic aRmosavleTiT Sumeruli enis
gavrcelebis areals esazRvreboda, rogorc Cans, adreuli Sto iyo dravidul enaTa ojaxisa. ix. Nnino samsonia, mixeil(mixako) wereTeli da
asiriologia, (Tsu gamomcemloba2005), 49.
17
Heinc.Fahnrich 1981, Das Sumerische und die Kartwelsprachen, (Georgica, IV1981) .65-90.
1. Black, Green 2004: Black J. Green A.2004, Gods, Demons and Symbols of Ancient Mesopotamia, London,
p.28.
2. Black 1998: Black J. 1998, Reading Sumerian Poetry, The Athlone Press, London.
3. Edzard 2003: Edzard D.O. 2003, Sumerian Grammar, Leiden-Boston.

4. Fahnrich 1981: Fahnrich H. 1981, Das Sumerische und die Kartwelsprachen, Georgica, IV, p.65-90.
5. Meador 2001: Meador B. 2001, Inana- Lady of largest heart, poems of the Sumerian high priestess
enkheduana, Texas press, Austin.
6. Postgate 1992: Postgate J.N. 1992, Early Mesopotamia: Society and Economy at the dawn of History,
London and new-york.

7. Samsonia 2004-5: Samsonia N. 2004-5, Sumerian and Georgian Lexical Parallels, Bulletin of the
AGIBAS, American-Georgian Institute of Biblical and Archaeological Studies #2-3, Cornell University,
p.44-49.
8. samsonia 2005: samsonia n. 2005, mixeil(mixako) wereTeli da asiriologia, Tsu gamomcemloba
9. samsonia 2009: samsonia n. 2009, Sumer mefeTa eposebi (Targmani), Tbilisi, universali.

10. samsonia 2012: samsonia n. 2012, Sumeruli poezia, Tbilisi, universali.

11. “leqsikoni qarTuli”, sulxan-saba orbeliani I, 1991, Tbilisi, “merani”.
12. ”sityvis kona qarTuli”, sulxan-saba orbeliani 1949, Tbilisi,”saqarTvelos ssr saxelmwifo
gamomcemloba”.
13. wereTeli 1912: wereTeli m. 1912, sumeruli da qarTuli, gvirgvini, tfilisi,Ggv. 27-117.
14. Tseretheli 1959: Tseretheli M. 1959, Das Sumerische und das Georgische, Bedi Karthlisa, Paris.p.3-57.

15. Vanstiphout 2003: Vanstiphout H. 2003, Epica of Sumerian kings: The Matter of Arrata, Society of Biblical
Literature.,Atlanta.
 Summary

For etymology of river Engur

(according the Sumerian litaral texts)

An entire tradition of cuneiform writing emerged in the fourth millennium BC. In this range the written
poetic literature of ancient Mesopotamia spans about two thousand years (2600-500 BC). Assyrian and
Babylonian cultures have descended from the Sumerian Civilization.
With very few exceptions, Sumerian literature existed in the form of poems. Sumerian poetry, which can be
broadly defined as a “higher” style of speaking language, is written in lines of verses.
Studies on Sumerian literature have been pursued on two separate paths. First, there has been an interest in
looking for small-scale technical features and arrangements like parallelism of lines, pairing according to word
patterns, or grouping three or four lines according word meanings. Additionally, they are grouped by the sounds
of which they are composed, such as assonances, alliterations, and rhymes. Despite the fact that neither Sumerian,
nor Akkadian verses are actually based on rhyme, there are examples of similar sound effects among lines.
Another approach to the research of Sumerian poetry analyses the structure of verses in a much larger scale,
especially longer narrative poems.
An abundance of metaphors is a major feature which distinguishes the higher style writings from prosaic
texts. The goal of my research work is to pay worthy attention to this feature by scrutinizing how the metaphorical
language works in one of the famous Sumerian poems called Lugalbanda. This metaphorical language is not a
unique feature that matters in a literary language, however in a broader sense, metaphor is endemic to all
languages.
At this point we’d like to draw your attention to the word engur (Sum. Subterranean water, Georg. Name of a
river in Svaneti Region), a lexical unit which we can find in Lugalbanda’s epical poems as well as Enkheduana’s
poetry.
In the Sumerian epic poem Lugalbanda and Anzud (79, 159, 408) we read the following:
.
79. Dam-bi u 2 bi-in-dug 4 engur-ra ba-te
His wife cried out, the cry descended into the engur;
159. ki-ibmušen ki-ibmušen engur-ra sug gid 2 -gin 7 inim-ma
mu-na-ni-ib-gi 4
Like the engur kib bird, he answers;
408. zi aratta-ka engur-ra he 2 -ni-in-dab 5
Then he will be able to end the life force Aratta draws from the engur;

Semantic and phonetic similarity between Sumerian engur and Georgian river Enguri, is vivid. A magic
ritual which is described in the poem also takes place in engur, under apsu by the weapon called a-ankara. The
Georgian word ankara is also related with water (it represents the purity of spring water). Georgian lexicographer of
the XVIII century Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani in his dictionary of Georgian language defines the word ankara as a “little
snake “. In Sumerian cuneiform texts, ankara is a weapon of the Goddess Inana, often connected with fresh water or
subterranean waters: a-ankara (Sum. a - water; ankara – weapon). By this still unidentified weapon, the Goddess
Inana does her magic rituals in engur.
In the Sumerian epic poem “Lugalbanda and Anzud” ( 406) we can read following passage:
406. a 2 -an-kar 2 a 2 me 3 dinana-ka u 3 -bi 2 -in-gu 7
so fed the a-ankara, inana’s battle strength

In Southern Mesopotamia it was believed that springs, wells, streams, rivers, and lakes drew their waters
from a freshwater ocean which laid beneath the earth in the abzu (apsû) or engur, home of the wise god Enki (Ea),
his wife Damgalnuna (Damkina) and his mother Nammu. The ocean was also inhabited by a number of creatures
that subordinated and served the God Enki.
For Georgian language the root ps from the word apsu is also connected with the flow of water (e.g. river
Supsa and Psou). This case was described in the scientific researches of M. Tseretheli in early twentieth century.
In later pieces of literary texts like Enkheduana’s poetry, the word ankara bears the same meaning – a
weapon of Inana, symbol of invincibility of the Goddess. In the hymn of Enkheduana called IN-NIN-ME-HUŠ-A
( Inana and Ebih), which she dedicated to Goddess Inana, we can read following:
1.
in-nin me ḫuš-a ni 2 gur 3 -ru me gal-la u 5 -a
2. d
inana a 2 -an-kar 2 kug šu du 7 mud-bi gu 2 e 3
Inana, made perfect by the holy a-an-kar weapon, drenched in blood,/rushing around in great battles;
 In the hymn IN-NIN-ŠA-GUR 4 -RA (65) which is also dedicated to the same Goddess, we read:
65. sa la 2 -a-ni engur-ra ku 6 ab-dab 5 -dab 5 -be 2 a-sur-ra-kam a-ḫa-an nu-da 13 -da 13 …
her suspended net catches fish in the deep, not even leaving the [ahanin] the engur;

Both the literary tradition of a city-state Uruk (III mill. B.C) and the Sumerian poetry of the later period
(XXIV-XXIII century B.C.) tell us the same about the issue we are interested in.
The main difficulties we face nowadays in interpreting Sumerian texts lay in incomplete knowledge of the
Sumerian language.
Origins of Sumerian place names (toponyms) and the names of Gods are not determined so far. As it seems,
these words belong to pre-Sumerian epoch, and therefore it is impossible to determine their Sumerian etymology.
When comparing historical materials on these Sumerian and Georgian languages, we have to keep strictly
to the following principle: both formal (i.e. phonetic) and substantial (i.e. semantic) similarities in the roots of
lexical units in these languages should be exposed.
As we referenced above, Sumerian phonetics have not been studied in a thorough or substantial way. The
examples we are presenting in this research are picked up from specific Sumerian literary texts while translating
them into Georgian. We assume that these discoveries can serve as additional evidence of the proximities between
the cultures of the ancient Near East and the Caucasus.
 abstraqtiM

mdinare enguris etimologiisTvis

literaturuli kultura msoflio istoriaSi saTaves iRebs SumerSi. Arsebuli ieteraturuli korpusi Zv.w.
XXXVI-V ss,) moicavs. Ppoeturi teqstebis Seswavlis mTavar sirTules maTi metaforuli ena warmoadgens,
riTac gansakuTrebiT mdidaria q. uruqis mefeTa eposebi. swored am poemebSia uZvelesi masala
CvenTvis saintereso sakiTxisaTvis, rac saqarTvelos mdinare enguris, etimologias Seexeba.
yuradRebas SevaCerebT lugalbandas eposebsa (Zv.w. XXVI s.) da enxeduanas poeziaSi(Zv.w. XXIV-
XXIII s.s.) dafiqsirebul sityva engurze _ Sum. Engur, rac Sumerul enaze miwisqveSa mdinares niSnavs.
Sumeruli literatura poeturi teqstis formiT aris Seqmnilid da maTi Targmna teqnikuri xasiaTis midgo-
mas moiTxovs, rac teqstis Sinaarsobrivad dasrulebuli monakveTebis mixedviT Targmnas gulisxmobs.
gasaTvaliswinebelia teqstis fonetikuri niSnebi da struqtura asonansis, aliteraciis an riTmis Sesabamisad.
iyo Tu ara, Sumerul-aqaduri poezia riTmaze dafuZnebuli, kvlav bundovani rCeba, Tumca riTmis msgavsi
efeqtebi aSkaraa siuJetis kulminaciur epizodebSi.
Sumeruli poeturi teqstebis Sesaswavlad meore da umTavresi midgoma, mTlianad poemis struqturis
analizs gulisxmobs. Tumca, Sumerul poeturi sityvis gasaRebi, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, metaforul enaSi
imaleba. metaforuli enis gageba umTavres sirTuled rCeba. AmetaforebiT umdidresi ki lugalbandas poe-
mebia, romlebic qronologiurad adreul mesame aTaswleuls ganekuTvneba da sadac imTaviTve gvxvdeba
miwisqveSa mdinare enguri.
statiaSi “mdinare enguris etimologiisaTvis”, warmogidgenT Cvens dakvirvebas arsebuli teqstebis
struqturuli da fonetikuri Saswavlis safuZvelze.
Sumeruli eposis ”lugalbanda da anzudi” 79-e, 159-e da 408-e striqonebis mixedviT saqme gvaqvs
rogorc semantikur, aseve fonetikur TanxvedrasTan saqarTvelos mdinare engurTan. Eeposis teqstSi
aRwerili magiuri rituali, sruldeba afsus fskerze, engurSi a-ankara iaraRiT.
Sumerul teqstebSi Aankara qalRmerT inanas iaraRia, ukavSirdeba mtknari wylis stiqias da iseve rogorc
qarTul enaSi, wyalTan aris asocirebuli:Ma-ankara (Sum. a=wyali; Aankara=iaraRi). am iaraRiT, romlis zusti
mniSvneloba ucnobia, qalRmerTi inana magiur ritualebs atarebs engurSi
Sumeruli eposis: “lugalbanda da anzudi” (str. 406) analogiur suraTs vawydebiT. am SemTxvevaSic
aRsaniSnavia qarTulisa da Sumerulis A”ankara wylisa” da “enguris” fonetikur- semantikuri Tanxvedra.
samxreT Suamdinaruli warmodgeniT, yvela mdinare, wyaro, tba, nakaduli moedineboda mtknari wylis
okeaneTidan, romelic miwisqveSeTSi iRebda saTaves _ abzu/afsu-Si anu engurSi.
enguri iyo sibrZnis RmerTis, enqis (aqad. ea) samyofeli. sityvaAafsus Ziri fs qarTul enaSic wylis nakadTanaa
dakavSirebuli, (mag. mdinare sufsa, fsou da a.S). razec Tavis droze, mixeil wereTelma gaamaxvila
yuradReba.
E uruqis mefeTa eposebi Zv.w. XXVI saukuneSi unda Seqmniliyo, Tumca Cvenamde moRweuli yvelaze Zveli
xelnawerebi, uris III dinastiis periodiT TariRdeba (Zv.w. XXI s.). Aam droisaTvis, ukve Seqmnili iyo uris
mTvaris taZris qurumis, enxeduanas, poeziac. enxeduanas himnebSi qalRmerT inanasadmi, ankara aseve
inanas iaraRad moixsenieba.
E himnSi IN-NIN-ME-HUŠ-A (inana da ebixi) me-2 striqonSi kvlav gvxvdeba a-ankara iaraRi, romliTac
aRWurvilia qalRmerTi inana omis dros: “igi, vinc SemarTavs a-ankaras, oms clis sisxlisgan”.
HhimnSi IN-NIN-ŠA-GUR 4 -RA (qalbatoni samyaros guli) enguric analogiur konteqstSi gvxvdeba: “enguris
Tevzi inanas badeSia”. …
Sumerul teqstebze muSaobisas, mTavar sirTules, samwerlobo tradiciis ararseboba warmoadgens.
Sumerul enaSi toponimebisa da RmerTebis saxelebi savaraudod winaSumeruli warmoSobis unda iyos,
radgan ar xerxdeba maTi Sumeruli etimologiebis dadgena. analogiur problemas vawydebiT sityva
engurTan mimarTebaSi, romelic aseve Sumeruli warmomavlobisa ar unda iyos. Aanalogiuri suraTia
Sumeruli RmerTebisa da toponimebis araerT saxelTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic ara Sumerul, aramed
dravidul leqsikas ukavSirdeba. Aarsebobs mosazreba, rom samxreT SuamdinareTSi, draviduli ena
yofiliyo gavrcelebuli Sumerebis mosvlamde. am varaudis safuZvels arsebuli leqsikuri erTeulebi
gvaZleven, magaliTad: Sum. eridu –(qalaqi SumerSi) dravidulad –“adgili”, zogan “sivrce”. Buranun –Sum.
Evfrati, dravidulad –“mdinare” da a. S.
Aarsebobs mosazrebac, rom Sumeruli leqsikis udidesi nawili ara dravidul an semitur, aramed
garkveul msgavsebas avlens qarTveluri enebis leqsikur maragTan. es msgavsebebi ki, rogorc m.
wereTeli aRniSnavda, SesaZloa Sesatyvisobebis kanonad Camoyalibdes.
 Tumca Ffonetikis problema Sumerul enaSi, kvlav gadaulaxav sirTuled rCeba da momavali kvlevebis
saqmea.
Cven mier warmodgenili magaliTebi, Sumeruli teqstebis Targmanze muSaobisas moviZieT.
Aarsebuli masala ki, qronologiurad TiTqmis erT aTaswleuls moicavs, sadc mdinare enguris
mniSvnelobac ucvleli rCeba. Sesabamisad, mdinare enguris etimologiis problema, rogorc arsebuli
sakiTxis, aseve Zveli axlo aRmosavleTisa da kavkasiis kulturuli urTierTobebisTvis, kidev erTi naTeli
dasturia.