არისტოტელე ევდემოსის-ეთიკა PDF

aristotele
evdemosis
eTika
Tbilisi
2016
UDC (uak) 17
a-808
Cems meuRles, nato nadiraZes

vuZRvni am Targmans!
Zveli berZnulidan Targmna da
SeniSvnebi daurTo
nodar SaniZem
wigni aewyo da dakabadonda
©nodar SaniZe, 2016 w.

ISBN 978-9941-0-8606-9
winasityvaoba
vTavazobT mkiTxvels didi berZeni moazrovnis SemoqmedebiT
memkvidreobis erT-erT umniSvnelovanes Zegls èvdemosis eTikas~.
wignSi vrcladaa gadmocemuli (bedis da ubedobis, saTnoebis,
simamacis, piruTvnelobis, janmrTelobis, sikeTis, TavSekaveba
– TavSeukaveblobis, samarTlianobis da usamarTlobis, manki-
erebisa da umankoebis, avxorcobisa da patiosnebis, biwierebisa
da zneobriobis, mencarobisa da umecrebis, megobrobis) Rrma
analizi. Tu raa zneobiTi mSvenierebis sazomi, ra gaxlavT
mizani TavisTavadi keTildReobisa. nawarmoebSi gadmocemulia
aqtualur sakiTxTa Sesaxeb aristoteleseuli fsiqologiuri
koncefciebi.
teqsti suzemilis eleqtronuli versiidan vTargmneT
Tesaurus Linguae Graecae. da oqsfordis axal gamocemasTan (Ar-
istotelis Ethica Eudernia, гес. R.R.Wa1zer, J.M.Mingay. Oxford, 1991)
SevajereT.
wigns qarTveli mkiTxveli pirvelad gaecnoba qarTul enaze
nodar SaniZe
3
w i g ni p i r ve
velli
i
I
delosze, RmerTisTvis sakuTar fiqrTa gammxelelma erTma
momlocvelma, letos1 taZaris propileiaze dawera:
sikeTe, simSveniere da sasiamovno erTi da igiv rodia?! o.

samarTlianoba umjobesia;
janmrTeloba - keTildReobaa,
sandomiani gulis mopoveba - yvelaze sasixaruloao.2
ar veTanxmebiT, radgan, bedniereba yvelaze saucxoo da

saukeTesoa, igivaa yvelaferze sasiamovno.3
nebismier sagnis, raginda ra raimes Seswavlisas mravali
sakvlevi sakiTxi da siZnele warmoiSveba. erTi maTgani saganTa
Semecnebas exeba, meore _ maT SeZenasa da gamoyenebas. mivyveT Cvens
meTods da xelsayrel dromde gansaWvret sakiTxebze saubari ganze
gadavdoT, pirvel rigSi ki ganvixiloT raa bednieri cxovreba da
komentarebSi Semdegi Semoklebebia: e.e. = evdemosis eTika. e.n. = nikomaqes

eTika. m. m. = magna morali.
1. kunZuli delfo apolonis didebuli taZriT iyo ganTqmuli, miTis Tanaxmad
TviT apoloni letom am kunZulze dahbada. propilei iyo Sesasvleli Senoba,
mas taZarTan mivyavdiT.
2. es bwkaredebi TiTqmis sityvasityviT aqvs moyvanili Teognides Tavis ele-
giaSi, gv 255 - 6.
3. 14аl-8: igiv azria gamoTqmuli e. n. . 1, 1099а24-30,Si.
5
aristotele evdemosis eTika
rogor veziaroT mas? gaxlavan ki bunebiT svianni isini, visac bedqm-

nilT vuwodebT, zorbebis, tanCiannTa, an Tundac feradkanianTa
msgavsad, dabadebidan rom arian iseTni? iqneb iswavles Tu rogor
gabedkeTildnen, viTomc arsebobdes moZRvreba bednierebas rom
gvaswavlides, an egeb zogierTi savarjiSos meSveobiT, radganac
mravali kacxorcielTa Soris arc bunebiT aris bedqmnili da arca
Sesaferisi ganswavliT, aramed Cvevis Sedegad: arasakeTilo - cud-
isgan, rigiani - kargisagan. vai Tu sxvaa mizezi?! ori ucxo gvaris
sababia: albaT maT nimfebi an RmerTi mfarvelobs, anda romelime
demonis aRmafreniT da zeSTagonebiT moculan, SesaZlebelia svianni
qudbeddayolilni sulac SemTxveviTi iRbaliT brZandebian: aki
bevrs hgonia, bedniereba da yismaTi - orTav erTiao. Tumca savsebiT
aSkaraa, bednieri adamianebi am mizezTa gamo, an romelime maTganis
braliT arseboben, vinaidan es pirvelsawyisebia amosavali TiTqmis
yvela saxeobisaTvis, xolo WkuiT Sobili qmedobani mecnierebis
sababiT warmoSobil moqmedebasTanaa SeuRlebuli.
iyo bednieri, gancxromili da wundaudeblad cxovrobde,
rogorc Cans sam rameze yofila damokidebuli, isini yvelaze sa-
survelad gveCvenebian: pirvelTaTvis umaRlesi netareba azriani
moRvaweobaa, meoreTaTvis saTnoeba,1 mavanTaTvis ki siamovneba.
1. 14а30-Ь5: aq saTnoebad saxelmwifo saqmeebis keTebaa nagulisxnmevi, ix,

216аI9-27. rogorc xazs usvams dirlmaieri, am konteqstSi da e. e – s sxva mraval
adgilebSi φρόνεσις saTnoebasTanaa dapirispirebuli da `Teoriul Semecnebas~
niSnavs, maSin, rodesac e. n - Si φρόνεσις saTnoebasTanaa dakavSirebuli
da zneobrivis praqtikul unarze migviTiTebs. Sesabamisad bednierebaze
TvalTaxedvaTa sxvadasxvaoba e. n - Si cota sxvagvarada gadmocemuli vidre
e. e - Si. : èrTT bednierba zneoba hgoniaT, meoreT gansja (φρόνεσις), mesameT
- cnobili sibrZne, sxvebs ki es yvelaferi [erTad] aRebuli an romelime
erT siamovnebasTan Serwymuli~ (1098b22 - 26,). esmoda ra saTnoeba rogorc
moqmedeba, aristotelem dapirispirebulTa sami saxeoba Semoiyvana, saTnoeba,
gonebiT Wvreta da grZnobiT tkboba, iq, sadac platoni patiosnebas gonierebas
rom uqvemdebarebda, gonebiT Wvretas mxolod grZnobiT tkbobas upirispirebda,
ix. `saxelmwifo~ 505b7 - 10; `filebi~ llb-е.
6 wigni pirveli
evdemosis eTika aristotele
es sami ram ki, rac bednierebisTvis aucilebelia, sxvadasxva

mokvdavis mier erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuladaa Sefasebuli:
romeliRac erTi uaRresad mniSvnelovnad miaCniaT vidre meore.
ase, pirvelTa azriT gonebrivi moRvaweoba saTnoebaze umaRlesi
netarebaa, magram meoreTaTvis zneobrioba gonebriv garjilobaze
metia. mavanTaTvis ki erTsac da meoresac cxovrebiT tkboba
sjobia. pirvelni fiqroben, bednieri sicocxle samiveTi yali-
bdeba, meoreni azroben amisaTvis ori ramaa1 saWiro, mavanni ki
gveubnebian – erT - erTio.
II
Cven viciT, yovels, visac SeuZlia Tavisi arCevanis mixed-
viT cxovreba, hgonia, svian bogins dasaxul miznis miRwevaSi
hpovebs,2 iqneba es pativi, saxelmoxveWiloba, simdidre Tu ga-
naTleba (oRond, vincobaa ar miuZRvnis igi Tavs raime mizans, es
aris niSani didi ugunurobisa3). garna, pirvel yovlisa gveva-
leba auCqareblad gamovikvlioT TviT CvenSi, romel nawilSia4
keTildReoba da ra SeiZleba iyos is, ris uqonlobis gamoc
miwis Svilebi ubedurebi rCebian. aki igi, ris Tvinier jansaRi
ver iqnebi da TviT janmrTeloba - erTi da igive araa. msgavsi
SemTxvevebi gana cotaa?! aserigad, bedniereba da is, ris gar-
eSec keTilad yofna SeuZlebelia – erTi da igive ar gaxlavT,
amasTan [TviT pirobebic gansxvavebulia:] im sami raimedan
romelime erTi janmrTelobas da sicocxles ar exeba, TumcaRa,
yvela garemoebasa da moqmedebisas iqve imyofeba: ase, vTqvaT,
vinZlo ar visunTqebT, vifxizlebT da advilad ar gardaviqm-
1 . meoreni fiqroben rom ori ramaa~ - Sdr. platonis msjeloba `filebSi~ 22 a.

2. `dasaxul mizans miaRwios~ Sdr. e .e .V. ( = e. n. VI), 1138b22.
3. ùmizno cxovreba...~ - Sdr. platoni. saxelmwifo VII, 519с2.
4. `CvenSi, romel nawilSia~ - aq nagulisxmevi sulia.
wigni pirveli 7
nebiT, arc sikeTe iqneba CvenTvis da arca siave; [am pirobebis

paralelurad] TiToeul calkeul SemTxvevas moepoveba Tavisi,
gansakuTrebuli, risi daviwyebac ar Segvferis. marTlac, kargi
ganwyobilebisaTvis xorcian sakvebs, mxolod danayrebis Semd-
gom gaseirnebas sxvagvari mniSvneloba aqvs, vidremdis zemoT
moyvanil saerTo garemoebebs. ai, namdvilad aqaa damaluli
mizezi im azrTa sxvaobisa Tu raa bedniereba da misi warmomSobi
sababi, raxan zogni TviT netarebis Semadgenlebad im sam rames
Tvlian, romelnic dalxenili cxovrebis pirobebis mxolod
dedaarsni brZandebian.1
III
bedqmnilobis Sesaxeb xalxSi arsebuli yvela mosazrebis
ganxilva aucilebeli araa, raki bavSvebs da avadmyof, WkvaSe-
frqveul xalxsac bevri iseTi eCvenebaT, razec arcerTi saRad
moazrovne Tavs ar imtvrevs: aq mosazrebebi ar aris saWiro,
dabolos pirvelTaTvis ( - dro) raTa gaizardon, sxvaTaTvis
ki - sasjeli eqimisgan an saxelmwifosgan, rakiRa wamlebiT
mkurnaloba dartymebze subuqi rodia. ufro swored yvelaferze,
umeteswilad ki bedsvianobaze molaybe umravlesobis azris
gaTvaliswinebac ar Rirs; axireba iqneboda gvemsjela im Zex-
orcielTa winaSe, visac TaTbiri ki ar sWirdeba, xolo [mZafri]
SegrZnebebi. nebismier sagnis Seswavlas Tavisi saZnelo sakiTxebi
Tan axlavs da aSkaraa, roca umSvenieres yofaze vsaubrobT, met-
naklebad keTildReobiT savseze, isinic wamoiWrebian. zustad
es mosazrebebi unda ganvixiloT, mokamaTe mxareebis mxilebebSi
sabuTebicaa da varaudebic.
da kidev, mniSvnelovania, mxedvelobidan ar gamogvrCes,
1. 14b14 - 27: aristotele ambobs rom aucilebelia bednierebis (keTildReobis)

gansazRvra da mis im aspeqtebs gamoricxavs, romelnic gansazRvrebaSi ar unda
gaviTvaliswinoT. 1219а38 - 39.
8 wigni pirveli
ukeTu gansakuTrebiT yuradReba ras unda mivaqcioT, saxeldobr,

karg da qudbedian cxovrebasTan ziareba riTaa ganpirobebuli –
Tu rom sityva `gancxromili~ ar mogvwons - da aris, an iqneb ar
aris imedi, TiToeuli im netarebaTagans mivemTxvioT. amnairad,
vai Tu qudbeddayolili cxovreba SemTxveviTobaze an buneba-
zea damokidebuli, maSin masze ocnebas bevrma xams Tavi anebos
da saso gadaewuroT, vinaTgan misi gulmodginebiT mopoveba
SeuZlebeli iqneboda. isini mas ver moixelTeben, rameTu maT
saqmianobasa da moRvaweobas SesaZloa arc daqvemdebarebuliyo.
vincobaa igi kacis piradi RirsebiTa da qceviT gamowveuliyo, im
dros, keTildReoba ufro gavrcobili da RvTaebrivi iqneboda.
sayovelTao imitom, esden, momakvdavTa umetesoba eziareboda,
magram RvTaebrivi – imad, bedniereba imaT daacvindeboda, vinc
qceviT SeZlebda Tavisi TavisTvis Rirseba Seematebina.
IV
mokled, sakamaTo da saZnelo sakiTxebis umetesoba gairkveva,
vincobaa sworad ganvsazRvravT, ranairadac gvmarTebs bed-
nierebis arsis gageba: mxolod romeliRac xarisxi sulisa, rarig
Zveli filosofosebi fiqrobdnen, vinZlo marto es Tviseba
sakmarisi ar iqneba da niSandoblivobebTan SeTanxmebuli moq-
medebanicaa saWiro.
[cnobilia,] kacxorcielTa cxovrebis wesi sxvadasxvaa:
erTni arc ki zraxvian im keTildReobaze, raic Cven gvaqvs
mxedvelobaSi da maTi Zalisxmeva arsebobisaTvis aucilebelis
mopovebiskenaa mimarTuli. es isini gaxlavan, visi saqmianobac
ugvan mdabal sargebelTanaa dakavSirebuli, uxamss me bRenZiaTa
moRvaweobas vuwodeb, mdabals - gasamrjelosTvis mjdomiare1
muSaobas, sargeblians - sabazro garigebebs, - iyide - gayides
1. `mjdomiare saqmianoba~ - igulisxmeba xelosnis Sroma, araprestiJuli

samuSao mavnebeli pirobebis gamo, ix. qsenofonte. saxlTmSenebloba, VI, 2.
wigni pirveli 9
mewvrilmane vaWarTa. svebednier cxovrebisaken ukve zemoxsenebu-

li sam udides adamianur wyalobas mivyavarT: saTnoebas, gonebriv
moRvaweobas da tkbobas. Sesabamisad ragvar vxedavT, suldgmis
sam saxeobas irCevs yvela visac SeuZlia. esenia: saxelmwifo
moRvawis arseboba, filosofosis cxovreba da siamovnebebze
gakidebuli yofa.
filosofosis cxovreba Semecnebisken da WeSmaritebis gan-
Wvretiskenaa mimarTuli, saxelwifo moRvawis - diad, anu saTno,
maRali zneobis Rvawlisken, mxolodRa, maameblobas gadevnebuli
adamis Svilis fiqrebi da zraxvebi iqeTkenaa miqceuli, rogorme
- sxeuls asiamovnos.1 viTar maRla vTqviT, marTlac amitom
uwodebs bedniers erTi erTs, sxva meores. rodesac klazomenel
anaqsagoras2 hkiTxes: `vinaa yvelaze bedkeTilio?~o, - man upa-
suxa: àra zogierTi maTgani, romelic Sen aseTi ggonia, oRond
igi, vinac geucnaurao~. ase upasuxa man, xedavda ra SemkiTxveli
ar uwyoda, esden, mokvdavni bedqmnilebad moxdenilobis, silama-
1. 15а35 - b5: platonis `saxelmwifoSi~ moxseniebulia agreTve cxovrebis sami

saxeoba, magram sxvani: filosofosis cxovreba, pativmoyvarisa da vercxlis-
moyvarisa (`saxelmwifo~ IX, 581c).
2. klazomeneli anaqsagora (daax. 500 - 428 w. Cvens eramde). daaxloebiT 30 weli
cxovrobda da aswavlida aTenSi, iyo perikles megobari, urwmunobasa da uR-
merTobaSi braldebuli iZulebuli Seiqna aTenidan gaqceuliyo da cxovrebis
ukanaskneli wlebi lampsakSi gaatara, gelespontis Crdilo aRmosavleT
nawilSi. misi Txzulebidan `bunebis Sesaxeb~ fragmentebia SemorCenili. mis
mier wamoyenebul kosmogoniur hipotezis Tanaxmad msofliom Tavisi mowes-
rigebul formas TviTmkmar, materiaSi Seurevel gons (νοῦs) unda umadlodes,
romelmac uformo masa aamoZrava, igi Tavis TavSi Seicavda Teslebs yvela Ca-
nasaxisa. diogene laerteli masze ase wers: `man pirvelma daayena goneba yvela
nivTierebaze maRla, Tavisi Txzuleba amgvarad daiwyo ra... `yoveli rac gvaqvs
iyo erToblioba, Semdeg movida tvini da ganariga isini.~ imav diogenes mow-
mobiT, anaqsagora `wminda swavlulis~ cxovrebiT cxovrobda, bunebis goniTi
WvretiT garTuli arc saxelmwifo saqmeebze da arc pirad keTildReobaze ar
zrunavda (`cnobil filosofosebis cxovrebaTa da swavlebaTa Sesaxeb~ II, 2).
10 wigni pirveli
zisa da simdidris mizeziT ki ar iwodebian. Tavad anaqsagoras

egona, netarad is miwis Svili unda davasaxeloT, vinac utan-
jvelad, danaSaulis laqaSeucxeblad cxovrobs, an RvTaebriv
ganWvretasTanaa ziarebulio.
V
cota rodia iseTi, ris Sesaxebac Tanatolfasad ver im-
sjeleb. urTulesia gansja imisa, ra miaCnia yvelas erTob iol
da mTlad ZexorcielisTvis nacnobad. saxeldobr ra unda
avirCioT imaTgan rac sicocxleSi gvxvdeba, viTarmed survili
srulad davakmayofiloT. saqme isaa, cxovrebaSi bevri iseTi
xdeba, ris mizeziTac kacni sawuTros eTxovebian. amas gane-
kuTvnebian: sneulebani, Zlieri tanjvani, vnebaTa mozRvavebani.
amitom aSkaraa, TviT dasawyisSi Cveni sicocxlisa Tu arCevanis
saSualeba mogvecema, aseTi ambebis mizeziT umjobesi iqneboda
arc davbadebuliyaviT. Semdgom: ra cxovreba aqvT bavSvebs?
arcerTi gonebasaRi momakvdavi ar miscems uflebas Tavis Tavs
da sicocxles ukan ar daabrunebs. bevria imnairi, raSic araa
arc siamovneba da arc tanjva, dia, ukeTu aris tkboba - urcxvi,
ugvani, imisTanad, rom imgvar yofnas aryofna sjobia. ase, ros
SevkrebT yvelafers rasac yoveli Tavis survilis sawinaaR-
mdegod akeTebs da iTmens, imas, raic miznad ar dausaxavT da
ganusazRvrel droiT gavwelavT, imJamad nebismieri arsebobas
ararsebobas amjobinebda.
metic, Tuki kacxorcielisTvis sakvebi da sasiyvarulo
ambebi misawvdomi iqneba, garna SemecnebiT tkboba, mxedveloba
an romeliRac sxva grZnoba da unari miuRweveli, imxanad kacis
Svili sicocxles iuarebda, vai Tu masSi yvelaferi monuri ar
darCeboda. xolo, vincobaa daTanxmdeba, maSin misTvis sulerTi
yofila adamis Svili iqneba igi Tu mxeci. egviptur xar apisisT-
wigni pirveli 11
vis1 msgavsi siamovnebani friad xelmisawvdomia, vidre bevri

monarqisaTvis. igive vTqvaT ZiliT tkbobaze. marTlac, Zili
pirvelidan bolo dRemde, aTaswlovani an ramdenic gnebavT - es
myofoba mcenaris arsebobisagan riTime gansxvavdeba? mcenaris
suldgma rogorc Cans raRaciT muclad myofis sicocxlesa
hgavs: saSvilosnoSi jer uSobeli Cvili dRiTidRe izrdeba
TumcaRa ki sul Zinavs. ase, msgavsi ambebi cxadyofs, mkvlevarebi
ver xvdebian, Tu raa bedniereba da ragvaria sicocxlis madli.
gveubnebian, anaqsagoram, ros mas mxrebaCeCilma kacma
hkiTxa: `ris gulisTvis SeiZleba gaCdes an ar gaCdes am qvey-
nad mokvdavi~o, upasuxa: ìmisaTvis, ca da kosmosis wesrigi
aTvalieros~o. mas rogorc vxedavT sicocxle erT - erTi
mecnierebisTvis eZvirfaseboda. maTTvis ki, vinc sardanapals
da sibarisel smindirides eloliaveba2 an vinme sxvas, visi
cxovrebac siamovnebiTaa savse, - ranairadac Cans sicocxlis
azri mxiarulebaSia. zogierTTaTvis ki yofierebis mizani arc
gonebriv moRvaweobaSia da arca sxeulisTvis pativis mige-
baSi, aseTi miwis SvilebisTvis qveloba yvelaze namjobinebia.
vieTni amgvar arCevans mxolod saxelisaTvis ki ar akeTeben,
magram gamoCenis gulzraxvis gareSe. imavdroulad, saxelm-
wifo moRvaweTa umetesoba damsaxurebulad rodi atarebs am
1. apisi - wminda xari, romelSic egviptelTa rwmeniT, osirisis suli cxov-

robda. memfisel qurumebs is taZarSi hyavdaT. asmevdnen da aWmevdnen oqros
WurWlidan, misi moqmedebiT momavals winaswarmetyvelebdnen. apisad ga-
mocxadebuli iyo gansakuTrebuli feris boCiki: Savi, Sublze TeTri oTx-
kuTxediT, zurgze gamosaxuli arwiviT da xoWoTi enis qveS, gaorebul kudiT.
(ix. herodote III, 28).
2. sardanapali - legendaruli asureli xelmwife, visi saxelic iTvleboda
simbolod ganebivrebuli da didmSvenieri cxovrebisa (ix. lukiane, mkvdrebis
saubari, 2.20); smindiride - italiis qalaq sibarisis mkvidri, herodote mas
aTenis kanonmdebel klisTenes qaliSvilebis erT erT saqmrod moixseniebs (VI
s.) da `fufunebaSi CaZirul kacs~ uwodebs (VI, 127).
12 wigni pirveli
tituls, raxan isini namdvili saxelmwifo moRvaweni ar arian:

samSoblos Rirseul Svilebs diadi saqmeni TavisTavad izidavs,
umravlesoba ki am RvawlmosilebasTan fulis da gamorCenisT-
visaa dakavSirebuli.
naTqvamidan aSkaraa, bednierebas yvela samgvar cxovrebas
ukavSirebs: filosofosis, politikosis da sxeulisTvis pati-
vis mimgebisa. amaT Soris sxeuliT da piris gemoTi tkboba ar
gagacbunebT: ra aris igi, rogoria, saidan warmoiSoba? amisTvis
gvevaleba vikvlioT aqvs Tu ara raime kavSiri zemoT motanilT
bednier varskvlavze dabadebasTan, oRond, vinZlo dakavSirebu-
lan, ra gziT da ukeTu bedqmnili cxovreba romelime siameebTa-
naa SeZerwili, an iqneb sxvagvari SeuRlebaa saWiro da gvaqvs
safuZveli vifiqroT, sviani kaci utanjvelia1 da bedis nebierad
cxovrobs igi romelime siamovnebis wyalobiTo?
amas sxva adgilze ganvixilavT2 jer yuradReba qvelsa da sax-
elmwifo moRvawes mivaqcioT: raferia TiToeuli maTganis buneba
da emsaxurebian vai Tu ar emsaxurebian mSvidobian cxovrebas,
TviT isini an maTi mizeziT gamowveulni, raki yvelas mier Tu
ar, yovel SemTxvevisTvis didian - patarianad darbaiselisaTvis
igini qudbeddayolilobasTanaa SeuRlebuli.
sokrate - ufrosi fiqrobda, mizani maRali zneobis Secno-
baao, da sinjavda, arkvevda: raa samarTlianoba, ra aris mamaco-
ba, ras warmoadgens saTnoebis Semadgenlebio; igi gonivrulad
iqceoda, vinaidan, yvela patiosnebas codnad, gamocdilebad
miiCnevda da amitom sikeTis Sesaxeb sacnauroba da keTilad
1. ùtanjvelia~ - ufro maRla (I215 b 12) aristotele anaqsagoras miawerda

azrs imis Sesaxeb, rom bednieria is, vinac utanjvelad cxovrobs; amgvari
cxovrebis fasze sakiTxis gamo ipaeqra platonma Tavis `filebSi~ 47 c - d.
2. dapireba, rom gonebrivi saqmianobis detaluri Seswavla uzrunvelyos
(φρόνεσις) Sesrulebilia E.E. V Si (= E, N VI).
wigni pirveli 13
yofna misTvis erTi iyo.1 marTlac, vincobaa geometrias da

saamSeneblo xelovnebas SeviswavliT, Cven vxdebiT mSeneblebi
da geometrebi. swored amis gamo iZiebda sokrate ra gaxlavs
saTnoeba da ara imas, saidan da rarig warmoiSoba igi. Teo-
riul swavlebebSi aseTi suraTia: astronomia, mwignobroba
bunebis da geometriis Sesaxeb imisaTvisaa, raTa SevimecnoT da
am mecnierebis buneba da sagani vikvlioT, rac raRa Tqma unda
sruliad ar uSlis xels amasTanave saarsebo moTxovnilebaTaT-
visac vargisi iyos.
praqtikul swavlebebSi TviT mecnierebis mizani codnisagan
gansxvavebulia. ase, nimuSad medicinis ganzraxva - janmrT-
elobaa, mxolod saxelwifoebrivis - kargi kanonmdebloba da
msgavsi ambebi. SesaniSnavia, Tuki gveqneba codna yovel mSvenier
nivTze, miuxedavad amisa, raic Seexeba saTnoebas, ukveTesi
iqneba gvesmodes, saidan warmoiSoba, vinem gvecodinos, ras
warmoadgens igi. is ki ar gvinda vicodeT, ra aris simamace,
Tumca, survili gvaqvs mamacni viyoT. sad aris sagulvebeli
samarTlianoba, amis gageba rodi gvwadia, aramed gvekeTilne-
beba piruTvnelni vbrZandebodeT, jansaRad myofoba gacilebiT
mniSvnelovania CvenTvis, vire codna imisa Tu raa janmrTeloba,
da kargi ganwyobileba gvirCevnia, manam cnoba - ukeTu ra aris
`kargi guneba~.
VI
SevecdebiT yoveli es sakiTxi logikurad gavarCioT da sabo-
laod mtkiced davrwmundeT, mowmobebis da magaliTebis saxiT
TviTcxadi rameebi gamoviyenoT. didebuli iqneba vinZlo yvela
dagveTanxmeba imaSi, rasac Cven vityviT, da vai Tu ara, raimeSi
1. 16b2-5: maszed, rom sokratesTan zneobrioba da codna erTi da igivea, ix.

qsenofonte. mogonebebi sokrateze III 9, 5. diskusia samarTlianobaze gamarTu-
lia platonis `saxelmwifoSi~, imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris mamacoba - `laxetSi~.
14 wigni pirveli
mainc [dagyabuldnen], es ki aucileblad moxdeba, vincobaa isini

Cvens gansjas kvalSi Caudgebian. diaRac yovel Zexorciels aqvs
WeSmaritebis wvdomis Tundac umniSvnelo alRo1 da amis gaTval-
iswinebiT aucilebelia am sagnebis Taobaze mtkicebulebani ase
Tu ise CamovayaliboT. garna bundovani mainc namdvili miTiTebani
TandaTan gacxaddebian, roca Cveuli, miuxvdomeli gamoTqmebi
ufrosRa gasagebiT Seicvleba.
nebismier mimokvlevisas gamoyenebuli varaudebi safilo-
sofosod da arasafilosofod iyofa. amitom saxelmwifo moR-
vaweebsac evalebaT goniTi ganWvreta gadaWarbebad ar miiCnion,
romelic ara mxolod arss gamoarkvevs, agreTve mizezsac.2
zedmiwevniT esaa filosofiuri mxare yovelive mosazrebisa.
mokled, aq didi windaxeduleba gvamrTebs, mitom, agremc arse-
bobs xalxi, romelTac ician, brZeni alalbedze ar laparakobs,
TumcaRa Semoaqvs mosazrebebi, saqmes saerTod rom ar exeba,
usagnoni, da xSirad es SeumCneveli rCeba. erTni ase ucodinro-
biT iqcevian, meoreni saxelis maZieblobiT. xdeba asec, isini,
romlebsac araferi gaegebaT arc xelmZRvanelobisa da arc
praqtikuli saqmisa, borkaven imaT, visac meti gamocdileba aqvs
da moRvaweebad brZandebian gaCenilni.3 ukanasknelni am dReSi
1. `WeSmaritebis alRo~, - ritorikaSi, 1, 1355а15 aristotele adamianis mier

WeSmaritebis SegrZnebis Tandayolil SesaZleblobaze wers.
2. 16b38: àrsi~ - τò τί ; `mizezi~ - τò δια τί.. aristotelesTvis codna sagnis Taobaze
misi oTxi aspeqtis Sesaxeb codnas varaudobda – niSan – Tvisebas (ő τί ε̆στιν),
raodenobas (διότι), mizezs (εἰ ε̆στιν) raobas (τί ε̆στιν), ix `meore analitika~ II, 1,
89b24. amasTan niSan – Tvisebis codna mizezis codnasTan igivdeboda: ìcode
rom aris da uwyode ratom aris erTi da igivea~ (`meore analitika~ II, 2, 90а31).
3. 17al - 7; aq aristotele e.w. sofistebze laparakobs, Tavis droebaSi modaSi
rom iyvnen, mWevrmetyvelebis maswavleblebi, romelnic demonstrirebdnen
TavianT unars nebismier situaciaSi warmatebisTvis mieRwiaT, am, arsebiTad
uprincipo praqtikam mwvave kritika gamoiwvia imaTi mxridan, romelnic Tavi-
anT pedagogikas realur faqtebis da obieqtur faseulobebis fundamentebze
wigni pirveli 15
TavianTi gaunaTleblobis gamo vardebian. uvicoba ki imis uun-

arobaa, yovel jerze ganasxvavos viTarebasTan dakavSirebuli
danaskvebi, im daskvnaTagan, dedaazrs rom ar exebian.
kargi iqneba, Tuki mizezs da faqts erTmaneTisagan gam-
ovarCevT, vinaidan, aki ukve vTqviT, yuradReba logikur
daskvnebiT gamotanil mtkicebullebebs ki ar unda mivaqcioT,
dabolos arc Tu iSviaTad da bevrwilad mZafrad TviT Tvalna-
Tel rameebsac, vinaTgan xdeba, raJams sabuTis ukugdeba ar Seu-
ZliaT, xalxi iZulebulia sityvas daujeros da naTqvams endos.
[aucilebeli es sxvaoba] kidev imisaTvisaa, xSirad dasabuTe-
buli, ragvar vxedavT argumentis meSveobiT WeSmaritia, magram,
ara im mizeziT, romelsac mosazreba aCens, xom SeiZleba tyuiliT
simarTle vamtkicoT rogorc amas cxadyofs ànalitika~1
VII
yovelive am winaswari SeniSvnis Semdeg, ganxilvas SevudgeT,
daviwyoT im pirveli rarig iTqva dausabuTebeli da bundovani
mtkicebulebebiT; SevecadoT zustad gavarkvioT raa bedniere-
ba.2 igi ra Tqma unda xalxis mier yvelaze did da saukeTeso
agebdnen, pirvel rigSi ki platonis mxriv (`gorgiaSi~), isokratesi (`so-

fistebis winaaRmdeg~), aristoteles (`sofisturi uaryofebis Sesaxeb~)..
1. 17а17: ànalitikebSi~ vkiTxulobT: `WeSmariti gzavnilebidan ar SeiZleba
yalbi daskvna gamomdinareobdes~ magram cru gzavnilebidan SeiZleba marTali
daskvnebi gamovitanoT, oRond ar Cans Tu ratomaa es simarTle, aramed mxolod
vxedavT rom es simarTlea.~ (`pirveli analitika~ II, 53b7 - 8) `TumcaRa cru
gzavnilidan Tqven SegiZliaT swori daskvnis gamotana, es marto erT Sem-
TxvevaSi xdeba, magaliTad, roca A namdvilia V sTan mimarTebiT xolo Sua
termini B crua. magram arc A aris Tandayolili V sTan da arc V aris B sTvis
Cveuli.~ (`meore analitika~ I, 88а20 - 23).
2. 17а20 - 40: daapirebs ra kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemas, Tu ra aris bedniereba, aris-
totele gaurbis moarul azrs bednierebis rogorc wyalobis Sesaxeb da TandisTan
aviwrovebs moculobas im madlis gagebisa romelTanac bednierebaa gaigivebuli.
16 wigni pirveli
qvelobadaa miCneuli. Cven mas àdamianurs~ vuwodebT, raki,

bedniereba SesaZlebelia sxvac, umetes maRali arsebis iyos,
sityvaze RmerTis. ucxo, cocxal arsebebs, visi bunebac uaresia
vidre adamianuri, es saxeli erT maTgansac ar miekuTvneba: aki
ar arsebobs bedqmnili cxeni, frinveli, Tevzi, arc erTi sxva
suldgmuli, vinZlo Tavad misi saxeldeba bunebaSi raime RvTae-
brivTan dakavSirebulobaze ar metyvelebs da kargad cxovrobs
Tu cudad aseTi qmnileba, keTildReobebTan romeliRac sxva
TanaziarobiT ganisazRvreba.
maS ase, saqme rom amgvaradaa, Cven amas Semdgom ganvixilavT.1
zogi wyaloba kacur moqmedebebSi xorcieldeba, xolo sxvani -
ara. amas imitom vambobT, ucvleli rameebic arseboben, Sesabam-
isad isini arc keTildReobebTanaa Tanaziarni da amave dros is
rameebi TavianTi bunebiT umaRlesi wesrigisani arian. romelime
sikeTe ki Tumc qcevebiT sruldeba, imaT mier, vinac Cven aRgve-
mateba. gamonaTqvami `moqmedebebSi xorcieldeba~ orazrovania.2
isini SeiZleba imas niSnavdes Tu risTvis vmoqmedebT, da imasac,
ukeTu ra monawileobs am moRvaweobaSi, romlis meSveobiTac amis
miRwevas vcdilobT. ase, nimuSad, janmrTelobasa da simdidres
Cven zniT gamJRavnebuls mivakuTvnebT, da agreTve imas, rac
maTTvis keTdeba, anu jansaRobisa da qonebis dagrovebis xelis
Semwyob ambebs. mitom naTelia, xams svianobac qceviT gamoxatul
umaRles nasikeTarTaganad miviCnioT.
1. `Semdgom ganvixilavT~ – aristotele èTikebSi~ RmerTis bednierebas arsad

ar ganixilavs.
2. òrmagi mniSvneloba~ saubari miznebis da saSualebebis Sesaxebaa. aristo-
teles egona, moRvaweoba mizans da saSualebas yovelTvis gTavazobs. Sdr. `cis
Sesaxeb~ II, 292b6. bedniereba janmrTelobasa da simdidresTan erTad mis mier
keTildReobad da miznad aRiqmeba romelnic saSualebebs saWiroeben, Sesa-
bamisad isaa keTildReoba, romelsac kaci Tavisi saqmianobisas axorcielebs.
wigni pirveli 17
letos taZari delfosze
18
VIII
ase rom, gvevaleba gavarCioT, ra gaxlavs ùdidesi madli~ da
ramdeni mniSvnelobiT ixmareba es sityva. am mizeziT sami ZiriTadi
mosazreba1 arsebobs. gvimtkiceben, yvela nakeTilarze uzenaesi, -
damoukidebeli qvelobaao, oRond, TavisTavad qveloba - es isaa,
romlisTvisac Cveulia iyos pirveli wyalobaTa Soriso2 da sxva
rameebSi arsebobiT ganapirobos ìginic kurTxevani iyvneno~.3 es
orive Tviseba sikeTis ideisTvisaa niSandoblivi. rodesac vambob
òrive~s, mxedvelobaSi maqvs: ìyos pirveli nasikeTarTa Soris~
da `sufevdes mizezad imisa, rom isini nakeTilarni brZandebod-
nen~. zustad masze, madlis ideaze yvelaze meti uflebiT Segvi-
Zlia ganvacxadoT, umetnaklebod isaa qveloba, rakiRa danarCeni
wyalobani dedaarsni gaxlavan masTan Tanaziarobis da mgvanobis4
1. `sami ZiriTadi mosazreba~ - nagulisxmevia keTildReobis gageba rogorc

platonis dRekeTilobis ideisa, viT zogadi gagebuleba ideisa ragvar saboloo
miznisa. ix. 1218b7 - 12. umaRles dRekeTilobasTan bednierebis gaTanatoleba
moiTxovda sicxades TviT ùmaRlesi keTildReobis~ gansazRvrisaTvis, amitom
bednierebis kvlevis saqmeSi Semdgomi nabiji - analizi da kritika iqneba met-
naklebad cnobil da avtoritetul koncefciebisa ùmaRles keTildReobis~
Sesaxeb. pirvel rigSi platonis moZRvreba ideebis gamo, romelic `TavisTavad
keTildReobis~ rogorc transcendentur arsis gagebasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
2. `pirveli wyalobaTa Soris~ - am abzacSi, ueWvelia platonis moZRvrebaa
gadmocemuli, Tumca Cvenamde moRweul platonis TxzulebebSi arsad ar mt-
kicdeba, rom idea pirveladia. Sesabamisad aq areklilia an platonis Cauwereli
Txzuleba, an akademiaSi warmoebuli kamaTi, anda misi mimdevrebis ideebi.
3. `da sxva rameebSi arsebobiT ganapirobos~ - Sdr. platonis `saxelmwifo~:
CaTvale, rom Semecnebadi rameebis Secnoba mxolod keTildReobiTaa SesaZle-
beli, igiv iZleva maTTvis yofierebas da arsebobas (καὶ τὸ εὶναι τε καὶ τὴν οὺσίαν)
... sikeTis idea (ή του̑ ὰγαθοῦ ὶδε̆α) yovelive namdvilis da mSvenieris mizezia…
da mas unda misdios iman, visac swadia Segnebulad imoqmedos rogorc kerZo,
aseve sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi. (VII, 509b6 - 8; 517b9 - с5).
4. `masTan Tanaziarobis da mgvanobis sababiT~ - Sdr. platonis `parmenide~:
ideebi bunebaSi imyofebian rogorc nimuSebi, sxva rameebi maTi msgavsni da maTiv
wigni pirveli 19
sababiT da esden igi kurTxevaTa Soris1 pirvelia. namdvilad,

rawamsac uqmdeba is, rasTanac aris Tanamonawileoba, ideasTan
urTierTobagabmuli rameebic araravdebian, romelTac saxeli
masTan dakavSirebulobis gadamkideT miiRes. pirveladis meorad-
Tan damokidebuleba zedmiwevniT amiTaa ganpirobebuli. maSasadame
`TavisTavadi wyaloba~ albaT sikeTis ideaa, is ki Tanaziari ra-
meebisagan danarCeni ideebis msgavsad unda gamocalkevdes.
am Tvalsazrisis kvleva sxva dargis codnis saqmea2 umeteswilad
ki aucileblad gandgomilisa, vinaTgan mis meti arcerTi mecniereba
araa dakavebuli danawevrebiTa da ganzogadebebiT. mokled vity-
viT, pirvel rigSi, mtkicebuleba, TiTqos iyos idea ara mxolod
nasikeTarisa, garna, raRac sxvisac - es carieli ganyenebulobaa.
aRniSnuli sakiTxi sxvadasxvagvaradaa3 ganxiluli eqsoteriul
mgvanobis arsni arian. TviT rameebis ideebTan Tanaziaroba ara sxva rameSi,
aramed maT minamgvanobaSi mdgomareobs.~ (lЗ2d2 - 4).
1. ` kurTxevaTa Soris pirvelia ~ - Sdr. aristoteles ganxilva
`metafizikidan~: ``rogorc~ miT, rac (πρότερα) ze pirveladia aRiniSneba
Tviseba imisa rac uwinaresobs, magaliTad talRovaneba win uswrebs si-
gluves, ase zogi rameebi aRiniSneba rogorc winmswrebni da mimdevarni,
sxvani – arsis da bunebisda mixedviT, anu is rasac meores gareSe arseboba
SeuZlia, roca am meores ar ZaluZs arseboba pirvelis gareSe, platoni ase
asxvavebda~ (V, lОl8bЗ7 - 1019а4).
2. `sxva dargis codnis saqmea~ - platonis ideebis Sesaxeb moZRvrebis kritika
mocemulia aristoteles `metafizikaSi~ XIII, l07b9 - 1080аll.
3. `sxvadasxvagvaradaa~ - `metafizikaSi~ aristoteles platonis ìdeebis
Sesaxeb~ doqtrinis sapirispirod oTxi mTavari pretenzia aqvs wamoyenebuli:
ìdeebi~ usargebloni arian grZnobiTi rameebis aRsaqmelad; isini grZnobiTi
rameebis TviT arsebobisTvisac agreTve gamousadegarni gaxlavan; ideebis
gankerZoebuli samyaro, danarCen rameebTan raRac mgvani da saerTo rom aqvT,
Tavis TavSi winaaRmdegobis Semcvelia, radgan gaiZulebs aRiaro ram saerTo,
rac danarCen calkeul rameebs Soris arsebobs, agreTve gaaCnia Tavisi idea
da ideebis ideebi da ase usasrulod. ideebis Sesaxeb moZRvrebas ar SeuZlia
srulad axsnas mgrZnobiare rameebis cvalebadoba – maTi moZraoba, Camoya-
libeba, warmoSoba da sikvdili.
20 wigni pirveli
TxzulebebSic da wminda safilosofosoSic1. amisaTvis, vincobaa

sinamdvileSi arseboben ideebi da madlis ideac, sulerTia, isini
arc karg cxovrebaSi da arca moRvaweobaSi2 ar gamoiyenebian.
qvelobaze sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT laparakoben, imdeniT,
ramdensac garemoebaze. marTlac, Cvens mier miRebuli dayofiT,3
yofiereba dedaarss niSnavs: raodenobas, xarisxss, dros, amas
garda igi aris xolme `moZravic~ da `mamoZravebelic~ da yovel am
kategoriaTagans4 aqvs Tavisi wyaloba. kategoriis bunebisaTvis es
gaxlavs goneba da RmerTi, xarisxisTvis - samarTlianoba, raode-
nobisaTvis - sawyao, droisTvis - drouloba, mxolodRa moZraobis
aresTvis - swavlebis da ganswavlis unari.5 da ranairadac ar gvaqvs
moxsenebul cxovrebis kategoriebSi kerZo romelime yofa, aseve
ar brZandeba maTSi calkeuli kurTxeva da ar moipoveba kerZo mec-
niereba arc arsebobaze da arca sikeTeze.6 metic, TviT nasikeTars,
1. èqsoteruli~ - (sityvasityviT `garegan~) ase uwodebda aristotele Tavis

literaturulad damuSavebul gamoqveynebul nawarmoebebs, romelic mkiTx-
velTa farTo wrisaTvis iyo gankuTvnili. ZiriTadad es iyo dialogebi. isini
mxolod saxelwodebebiT da calkeul fragmentebiTaa CvenTvis cnobili (`pro-
treptike~ `filosofiis Sesaxeb~ `sikeTis Sesaxeb~ ìdeaTa Sesaxeb~ da a.S.).
2. `wminda safilosofosoSic~ - dirlmaieri eyrdnoba ra v. iegeras, gvimt-
kicebs, rom aq nagulisxmevia Txzuleba, romelSic aristoteles deduqciis
meTodi mkacradaa SenarCunebuli, roca eqsoteriulSi msjeloba sofistur
– dialeqtikuri maneriT miedineboda.
3. 1217b20-26. ideebis Teoriis uarmyofeli orTav Tezisi, (1217b20 - 2З da
2З - 25) aristoteles ganxilvebiT da argumentebiT aris gamagrebuli (17b25)
4. `miRebuli dayofis Tanaxmad~ - ix. `kategoriebi~ Tavi 4.
5. `yovel am kategoriaTagans~ (τω̑ν πτώσεων) kategoriebSi ar aris naxsenebi
`moZravis~ da `mamoZravebelis~ mdgomareoba. Sesabamisad aristotele Cvenamde
mouRwevel Txzulebas eyrdnoba. sityva πτῶσις – s aristotelesTan jer kidev
ara aqvs viwro mniSvneloba `gramatikuli brunva~ da migviTiTebs sityvis
yvela SesaZlo cvlilebaze, Sdr. `metafizika~ XIV 1089а26.
6. 17bЗО - ЗЗ. CamonaTvali, Tu ra aris keTildReoba, sxvadasxva kategoriebSi
moyvanilia agreTve e. n. TumcaRa igi ramdenadme gansxvavdeba e. e. sgan . : e. e.
wigni pirveli 21
mikuTvnebuls romeliRac erT kategorias, magaliTad droulobas

an zomierebas swavlulni ver gamoikvleven, magram, erTi mecniereba
swavlobs erT droulobas, sxva meores. amgvarad, Tavisdroiso-
bas da marTebulobas sakvebis mxriv swavlobs viT medicina, aseve
gimnastika, dia, samxedro saqmes - mxedarTmTavrebi da esden yovel
saqmianobaSi specialuri mecnierebaa da Zneli [warmosadgenia,]
TavisTavad sikeTe erTi romelime mwignobrobiT Seiswavlebodes.
kvlav, sadac `pirveladi da meoradi~1 kavSiria, iq ar igul-
veba `saerTo~ romelsac gamovyofdiT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi
pirveladis uwinaresic iqneboda. rameTu gamocalkevebuli say-
ovelTao metad Tavdapirvelia, viTarmed Semdgom, saerTos gau-
qmebiT baTildeba dasabamic. nimuSad, orgzisi mravaljeradTan
SedarebiT Tuki - pirveladia, im dros sayovelTao koncefcia
`mravaljeradoba~ ganmxoloebuli ver iqneba, sxvafriv igi òr-
jeradobaze~ metad pirveladi gaxdeba, im SemTxvevaSi, Tu saerTo
koncefcia idead iqceva, anu, vinZlo sazogados gankerZoebulad
vaRiarebT. gveubnebian - ukeTu samarTlianoba keTildReobaa,
imJamad gambedaobac nakeTilari iqnebao; TiTqos `TavisTavadi
madli~ arsebobs. `TviTmyofadi~ aseT dros madlis saerTo,
ziar koncefcias miemateba. es ~TviTmyofadoba~ maradiulis da
ganuyofelis mets ras niSnavs? is rac TeTria bevri dRis ganmav-
lobaSi, imaze spetaki rodia raic mxolod erTi dRiT qaTqaTebs,
amisTvis keTildReobis sazogado koncefcia ideis identuri
araa, radgan rogorc saziaro igi yvelaferSi2 Tandayolilia.
gamodis, mtkicebulebasTan, TavisTavad sikeTes rom exeba,
- Si xarisxis kategoriad samarTlianobaa dasaxelebuli, e. n. – Si saTnoeba,

e. e. – Si ar aris sivrcis rangi, e. n. – Si – moZraoba.
1. 17bЗ4 - З5. ganuyofel mecnierebaze da yofierebaze ase mkveTr Tavdasxmas
aristotelesTan mxolod e. e. – Si vxvdebiT (dirlmaieri).
2. `pirveladi da meoradi~ - nagulisxmevia platonis ìdea~ rogorc pirveli
anu raimemde arsebuli, misgan ganyenebuli.
22 wigni pirveli
saqmis daWera ase ar Segvefereba, ranairadac axla asabuTe-

ben.1 amJamad, im sagnebze dayrdnobilni, romelTaSic qvelobis
arseboba sayovelTaod araa marTebulad aRiarebuli, ageben
mtkicebulebebs maszed, Tu ra aris yvelas mier wyalobad Ce-
nili: ricxvebidan gamomdinareni amtkiceben, samarTlianoba
da janmrTeloba - kurTxevani gaxlavano, radganac erTic da
meorec wesrigis dedaarsi da ricxviao, TiTqos simravleebs da
erTeulebs sikeTe Tandayolili hqondeT im mizeziT, erTianoba
- TavisTavad nasikeTariao. saniadagod cnobil nakeTilarTagan,
iseTebis, rogorebicaa: janmrTeloba, Zala, keTilgoniereba,
unda vuCvenoT, rom ucvlel rameebSi sul ufro da ufro aris
mSveniereba. namdvilad, yvela is samaraddReod cnobili wyalo-
baa wesrigis dedaarsi da simSvide, da vincobaa es asea, metadre
iseTni brZandebian es ukanasknelnic, anu, ucvalebeli rameebi,
maTTvis kidevac umetesad damaxasiaTebelia.2 imisaTvis, kveri
vukraT `ganuyofloba – madliao~, saimedo araa mivmarToT
1. 18а10 - 15: samarTlianoba aq zogadad saTnoebis tolfasia, Tavis TavSi

calkeul saTnoebebis momcveli (gambedaobis, RvTismosaobis, gonierebis,
simSvidis, TavSekavebis) Sdr. e. e. IV (=E.N. V), 1129Ь29 - ЗО. amiT simamace
gaazrebulia rogorc nawili sazogado keTildReobisa. Tavis fiqrTa dinebas
aristotele naTlad avlens m. m. : - Si. `. ... rodesac Cven gvinda mivuTiToT
romelsame kerZo keTildReobaze, an gansazRvrebis meSveobiT vuCvenebT,
rogorc zogadad keTildReobas, aseve imas, rac dRekeTilobad unda gamo-
vacxadoT, koncefcias, Sesabamebas, an induqcias mivmarTavT. magaliTad, Tu
gvinda davamtkicoT rom keTilSobileba – keTildReobaa, Cven vambobT - samar-
Tlianoba keTildReobaao, gambedaoba da saerTod saTnoebani – kargia, xolo
keTilSobileba – saTnoebaa, amitom isic dRekeTilobaa.~ (1182bЗ2 - 8За3).
daadgens ra sazogado keTildReobis (samarTlianobis) arsebobas, calkeuli
sagnebisaTvis damaxasiaTebels (`mamacobisTvis~), aristotele uars ambobs
es saerTo keTildReoba dRekeTilobis ideasTan, maradiul da rameebisgan
gancalkevebul TavisTavad keTildReobasTan gaaigivos.
2. 18аI5 - 16. warmoadgens ra Tavis argumentebs platonis doqtrinidan sik-
eTis Sesaxeb ideis winaaRmdeg, aristotele Tavis sakuTar ganxilvis meTods
gvTavazobs, da mas piTagorelebis da psevsipes meTods upirispirebs.
wigni pirveli 23
arguments TiTqos ricxvebs miswrafeba gaaCniaTo; amasTan, ar

gveubnebian konkretulad ra gvaris ltolva aqvT maT, ubralod
gvidastureben. vin dauSvebda, miswrafeba SeiZleba iyos iq, sadac
ar aris sicocxle? am ambebis detalurad Seswavla gvmarTebs da
xams dausabuTeblad ar miviRoT is, rasac dasabuTebulsac Zne-
lad davijerebdiT.1 swori araa imis mtkicebac, TiTqos arsebuli
1. 18аI7 -24. В E.N. и М.М. aristotele piTagorelebis mier ricxvebis saTnoe-

bad Seracxvas aRniSnavs: `piTagorelebis argumentebs, romelnic mTlianobas
sikeTesTan aigivebdnen (ase Cans maT eTanxmeboda psevsipec) (E.N. 1096b5 - 7)
……saTnoebaze pirveli piTagora alaparakda, magram arasworad msjlobda.
igi saTnoebas ricxvebTan axarisxebda da amiT Tavad saTnoebas ar ikvlevda~.
(М.М. 1182аI2 - 14). aristoteles mier gakritikebul Teorias garkveulwilad
sinaTles hfens fragmenti Txzulebidan `keTildReobis Sesaxeb~ (Fr. 2 Ross.
р. 113). masSi dasturdeba platoni da piTagorelebi yvela raimes dasabamad
raRac pirvelads miiCnevdnen, urRvevs, Seudgenels; amgvar pirveladad maT,
xazis dasawyisi wertili egonaT, sibrtyisa da a.S. am wertils isini erTians
eZaxdnen - `monadas~, monadebi ki ricxvebis dedaarsni arian, amitom ricxvebi
dedaarsni gaxlavan rameebis dasabamisa. Tavis moZRvrebas eidosebze (ideebze)
platoni am Teorias umarjvebda, aigivebda maT ricxvebTan da urRvevs yvela
raimes Tavwyarod aRiarebda. aristotele aRniSnul Teoriis mxardamWerebs
am saxis ganxilvas miawers: monada da ricxvebi sikeTis arsni arian, amitom
keTildReoba iqneba is yvelaferi, rac ricxvebisa da monadebis TvisebebSi
Tanamonawileobs. anu mowesrigebulobas, proporciulobas da ase amgvarad.
amnair niSandobliobis mqoneni samarTlianoba da janmrTeloba arian, Sesa-
bamisad sikeTeni isini gaxlavan. janmrTeloba aristoteles swori civis da
cxelis Tanafardoba hgonia – (`simetria~). (ix. `topika~ 145b7 - 8). aristo-
tele platonis da piTagoras ricxvebis rogorc sikeTis gagebas uaryofs da
fiqrTa sapirispiro dinebas gvTavazobs. igi icilebs sayovelTaod aRiarebul
Rirebulebebs (janmrTelobas, Zalas, ubiwoebas) mas silamazis (καλόν) (ara
sikeTisa!) koncefcia gadaaqvs uZrav rameebzedac., anu ricxvebzec. imaTSic da
sxvebSic wesrigis (τάζις) da simSvidis (ὴρεμία) Tvisebebs poulobs. mosvenebaze,
rodorc keTildReobis saerTo romelobaze aristotele qvemoT mogviTxrobs
(м.м. 11, 1222а2 - 3). aristotele aq savsebiT Segnebulad saubrobs uZrav ramee-
bSi `mSvenierebaze~ (καλόν), anu maszed rac maTematikas Seexeba da `sikeTis~
mcnebas ignorirebs. `metafizikaSi~ igi araerTxel usvams xazs, rom ùZravSi
ar SeiZleba... araviTari TavisTavadi sikeTe arsebobdeso... maTematikaSi ar
eyrdnobian imas Tu raa ukveTesi an uaresi, matematikuri xelovneba kargsa
24 wigni pirveli
yvela raime raRac saerTo qvelobisken miiswrafviso. piriqiT,

TiToeuli ram Tavisi sakuTari wyalobiskenaa mltolveli;
Tvali - xedvisken, tani - janmrTelobisken, sxvadasxva - mra-
valgvarisken.
Cven ganvixileT saZnelo sakiTxebi, `TavisTavad kurTxve-
vis~ garSemo rom wamoiWrebian: igi arc arsebobs, saxelmwifo
moRvaweobisaTvis gamousadegaria is, rasac aqvs Tavisi gansa-
kuTrebuli sikeTe, rarig sxva saqmianobebs, magaliTad tanvarji-
SisaTvis - sxeulis karg mdgomareobaSi yofnas,1 Semdgom, amas
ganekuTvneba isic, razec Cvens TxzulebaSi2 vwerT, - TviT nasik-
eTaris idea an arcerT saqmianobaSi ar gamoiyeneba, anda yvelaSi
erTnairad moimarjveba. kidev erTi: igi qcevis dros ar xor-
cieldeba. amdagvaradve saerTo mcneba `nakeTilari~ TavisTavad
`madli ar aris~, vinaidan SeiZleba yvelaze ubadruk qvelobasac
ganekuTvnos da zniT ar Sesruldes. gana yvelas da yvelafers
eqimoben, aramed pacients raTa gamoajanmrTelon, da asea yvela
saqmianobis dros. amgvarad, wyaloba mravalmniSvnelovania da
mSvenierebasac gulisxmobs; sikeTe qceviT ganxorcielebadia
da ganuxorcielebelicaa.3 saqcieliT is kurTxeva sruldeba
da cuds saerTod ar iTvaliswinebs `metafizika~ II 996 а 27 – b 1). piriqiT,

mSvenieri maTematikisaTvis umaRlesi xarisxiTaa damaxasiaTebeli. mSvenieris
yvelaze mniSvnelovani saxe – wesrigia (τάξις), proporciuloba (συμμετρία),
gansazRvruloba (τὸ ώρισμένον), matematikuri mecnierebani yvelaze metad
swored amaT avlenen.~ XIII 1078а36 - b2).
1, 18а24 - 28: aristotele ganagrZobs ricxvebis ideebis Teoriis kritikas.
ukuagdebs ricxvTa `gansulierebis~ mcdelobas, roca TavisTavadi sikeTe
urRveobasTanaa gaigivebuli da ricxvebis [ erTianobisken – ε̆ν ] miswrafebaze
gvesaubrebian.
2. 18а30 - 35: aristotelem urRvevi sikeTis transcendenturobis doqtrinis
winaaRmdeg dapirispireba daasrula da imeorebs Tavis Teziss maszed, rom
sikeTe yovelTvis konkretulia da yovel sagans - Tavisi moepoveba.
3. 18а36: aristotele Cvenamde mouRwevel sakuTar Txzulebas imowmebs.
wigni pirveli 25
risTvisac ram Caidineba; xolo mkvidr gvaris rameebSi aseTi

nasikeTari ar moipoveba.
aSkaraa, saZebni `TavisTavadi nakeTilari~, arc madlis ideaa
da aRarc masze saerTo azria. rameTu pirveli Seucvlelia da
yofaqceviT Seusrulebelicaa, meore cvalebadia oRond zniT
esec ausrulebelia. garna is, risi gulisTvisac raRac keTdeba,
rac raimes saboloo mizania, - marTlac igi gaxlavT uzenaesi
qveloba, rameebis brali, romelnic mas emorCilebian da upirve-
lesi yvela wyalobaTa Soris. amnairad, raic SeiZleba iyos `Ta-
visTavadi sikeTe~ - es aris ganzraxva imisa, rac adamis Svilur
Tavis daWeriT1 Cadenadia. am geziT midis mecniereba, yovelTa
meTauri, kerZod saxwelmwifo moRvaweoba, saojaxo sameurneo,
gonivruli,2 es sami mdgomareoba yvela sxva saqmianobisagan
gansxvavebulia da maT erTmaneTisagan gamorCeulobis Sesaxeb
Cven mogvianebiT visaubrebT.3
is, rom – ganzraxuloba misTvis daqvemdebarebul rameebis
mizezia, amaSi mecniereba gvarwmunebs. jer xom mizans isaxaven
da sxva rameebs mxolod Semdeg miubrundebian, gviCveneben
TiToeuli maTgani kargiao. `risTvisac~ aq sababad gvevlineba.
raTa janmrTelni viyoT niSnavs amas da imas, uavadobisaTvis
1. 18b4 - 5: aristotele umaRlesi sikeTeze sakuTar fiqrebs gvimJRavnebs. Tu

rogor unda xorcieldebodes igi adamianTa qcevebSi.
2. 18b7 - 12: aristotele asrulebs msjelobas, dawyebuls 1217b1 - 6, - Si
uaryofs platonis ganxilvas `TavisTavad sikeTis~ rogorc keTildReobis
ideis Sesaxeb da maszed rogorc saboloo mizanze sakuTar Sexedulebas
gvTavazobs. Sdr. `fizikaSi~: `risTvis~ Cveulebriv saukveTeso keTildReobad
gvevlineba da miznad sxva rameebisaTvis~ (II, 195а25).
3. 18bI2 - 15: aristotele sami saxis datvirTvas erT meTaur mecnierebad aer-
Tianebs, romelsac aqvs erTi obieqti – adamianuri moRvaweoba da erTi mizani
– am saqmianobaSi ganxorcielebuli keTildReoba. ase isini gansxvavdebian sxva
saqmianobebisagan. dirlmaieris azriT ganmasxvavebel niSanTvisebad gvevlineba
Tviseba iyos meTauri, anu τω̑ τοιαυ̑ται εῖ̑ναι niSnavs τω̑ κυρίαι ει̑ναι.
26 wigni pirveli
sasargeblo iqneba esec da isic. `saRsalamaTobis momniWebeli~

[Tavis mxriv] aris utkivarobis mmarTveli mizezi,1 garda amisa
albaT mxolod romelime sofisti an araeqimi Tu amtkicebs saR-
salamaToba - keTildReobaao, im xalxis darad, romelTac ar
SeuZliaT ganxilva sakiTxTan daukavSirebel rameebisa, zustad
aseve arvis ZaluZs damtkiceba arcerTi sxva pirvelprincipisa.
Cven unda vikvlioT, Tu ganzraxvis saxiT kurTxevad ra
emsaxureba adamians da aris, an iqneb ar aris umaRlesi madli
imaT Soris, rac qceviT xorcieldeba. gvevaleba gamovarkvioT,
ramden SemTxvevaSia igi uzenaesi qveloba sxva wyalobebs Sua da
mxolod Semdeg gadavideT axal saganze.
1. `mogvianebiT visaubrebT~ - Е.Е. V (= E.N. VI), 8, 1141b8 - 33 Si aristotele

ganixilavs gonebadamjdarobas rogorc saRi azrovnebis unars da gadawyvetas
rogorc sazogado, aseve kerZo sakiTxebis adamianur saqmianobisa. igi masSi
xedavs raRac mmarTvel sawyiss (ὰρχιτεκτονική) da migviTiTebs Tu rogor gamo-
vavlinoT igi. erTis mxriv es ekonomika (η οἰκονομια) kanonmdebloba (ἡ νομοθεσία)
da saxelmwifo moRvaweobaa (ή πολιτική) meores mxriv – konkretuli adamiani (ἡ
περὶ αὺτὸν καὶ ε̆να). swored am bolo SemTxvevaSi miRebulia gamoviyenoT saerTo
saxeli `gonebadamjdaroba~. dirlmaieri gvTavazobs rom, e. e. - 11, 1218bl3 - 14
-Si moxsenebuli saxelmwifo moRvaweoba (πο̑λιτική) ekonomika (οὶκονομική) da gon-
ebadamjdaroba (φρόνεσις) gonebadamjdarobis sam TandisTanobiT Seviwrovebad
sferoze migviTiTebs – saxelmwifo, ojaxi, individi.
18b16 - 21: oTxi mizezis Sesaxeb aristoteles moZRvreba mis mier gadmocemulia
`metafizikaSi~ 1, 983а26-32; VIII, 1044а35 - bI. maT miekuTvnebian: nivTiereba σο
(ϋλη) mamoZravebeli sawyisi (τὸ κινου̂ν), forma (εῖδος), mizani (τὸ ου ε̆νεκα,τὸ τὲλος).
wigni pirveli 27
wi
w i g ni m e o r e
1
gadavdivarT ra axal Temaze, vTqvaT Semdegi: mTlianobis yve-
la sikeTe an sulis gareTaa, an masSia moTavsebuli da romelnic
sulSi arian damwyvdeulni, danawevrebis Tanaxmad umjobesni
gaxlavan, raic Cven ekzoTerul swavlebebSi davadgineT.1 gon-
ebrivi Rvawi, saTnoeba, kmayofileba - es yvelaferi xom sulSia
da yoveli swored [maTSi] - zogierTSi an yvelaSi erTad Tavis
mizansa xedavs. sulSi arsebuli erTis mxriv - mdgomareobani da
SesaZleblobebia, meores mxriv - moRvaweobebi da moZraobebia.2
zustad es iqneba Cveni amosavali da kidev is, rom saTnoeba
- saukeTeso gunebaganwyobilebaa, an mdgomareobaa, anda yvela
raimes saSualeba da SesaZleblobaa,3 romelnic gamoiyenebian an
ram daniSnuleba gaaCniaT. ase gviCvenebs umecreba. Cven am mtkice-
bas yvelafers davurTavT. vaRiarebT, mosasxams Tavisi saTnoeba
aqvs, radgan mas raRac daniSnuleba moepoveba da gamoyenebadia.
sawvimaris saukeTeso mdgomareoba misi keTilsamyofloba br-
Zandeba. amgvarad, arsebobs gemis madli, saxlis an sxva rameebis
1. ègzoTeriul TxzulebebSi~ – ix. SeniSvna. I wignis 32 e.

2. sulis SemadgenelTa gansazRvrisas aristotele erTian mkacr sqemas ar
eWideba. e. n. da m. m. - Si sami komponenti - vnebani (πάθη), mdgomareobani (εξ̆εις)
da SesaZleblobebia (δυνάμεις) dasaxelebuli (E. N. II, 1105a20; M. M. I, 1186a11),
amasTan vnebani moZraobasTan axlovdebian: `rodesac Jinze laparakoben, [su-
lis] moZraobas gulisxmoben~ (E. N. II, 1106a4 - 5).
3. 18b38: aq motanili zneobriobis gansazRvreba im mcnebebs gulisxmobs,
romelTac aristotele Semdgom msjelobebSi mimarTavs.
28
da maSasadame sulisac. TiTqos masac abadia romeliRac Tavisi

saqme da daniSnuleba1 da rac ukeTesad igrZnobs igi Tavs, miT
umjobesad viqnebiT da rogori urTierTdamokidebulebac
moepovebaT viTarebebs erTmaneTis mimarT, saqmis garemoebebs
erTurTTan iseTive damokidebuleba eqnebaT. yvela SemTxvevaSi
saqme mizania.2 amitom, savsebiT cxadia, samuSaoni mdgomareobaze
umjobesia, radganac mizani uzenaesi keTildReobaa. Cven aki wa-
namZRvaridan amovdivarT, rom ganzraxva - saukeTeso sikeTea da
zRvaria3, risTvisac yvela danarCeni arsebobs.
cxadia, saqmoba viTarebasa da guneba - ganwyobilebaze samjo-
binaria. Tumca sityva `saqme~ orazrovania. vinaidan, sakeTebeli
sargeblobas SeiZleba ar daemTxves. saamSeneblo xelovnebis
bejiToba - saxlia da arasdidebiT ar aris Seneba, saeqimo xe-
lovnebis saqmoba ki - janmrTelobaa da ara gamojanmrTeleba
an eqimoba. sxva SemTxvevebSi samuSao da gasaqmiseba erTmaneTs
Tanxvdeba. magaliTad: mxedvelobis saqme - xedvaa, xolo maTema-
tikis daniSnuleba - ganWvretaa. aserigad, iq, sadac saqmosnoba
gamoyenebas emTxveva, moxmareba viTarebaze uciloblad umjobesi
unda iyos.
Cvens mier motanil mtkicebulebebis Semdgom vityviT, moq-
medebis mniSvneloba da saTnoeba orTav erTiao, magram Tanabrad
ara. fexsacmlis kervis xelovnebis da fexsaamosis Sekervis saqme
- fexsacmelia, oRond, Tu arsebobs mewaReobis raime saTnoeba
1. 19a2 – 6: rom yovel raimes, romelsac aqvs Tavisi daniSnuleba (ε̆ργον) Tavisi
saTnoeba, sakuTari umaRlesi Rirseba (ἀρετή) gaaCnia, analogiurad ganixilavs
platoni Tavis `saxelmwifoSi~ I, 24, 353b - c8.
2. `saqme mizania~ - Sdr. `metafizika~ IX 1050a21 – 23: `radgan saqme – mizania da
moRvaweoba – saqmea, amitomac `moRvaweoba~ (ὲνέργεια) warmosdgeba `saqmisagan~
(ε̆ργον) da `ganxorcielebaze~ (ἑν – τελέχεια) aris mimarTuli.~
3. 19a10 - 11: analogiuri gaigiveba miznisa (τέλος) dazRvarisa (ε̆σχατον) ix.
`metafizikaSi~ V 16, 1021b29 – 30.
wigni meore 29
da fexsacmlis keTilxarisxiani Sekerva, maSin maTi Rvawi - saT-

noxarisxiani fexsamosia. sxva SemTxvevebSic ase iqneba.
modiT, amgvarad CamovyalibdeT: sulis daniSnuleba - si-
cocxlis warmoSobaa, garna sicocxle (raimes) momarjvebaa da
fxizlobaa, Zili gana raRac usaqmuroba da mosvenebaa; amis gamo,
vincobaa suls da mis saTnoebas mniSvnelovneba uciloblad erTi
aqvT, saTnoebis niSnadoba zneobrivi cxovreba unda iyos. zustad
isaa is srulyofili sikeTe, romelTanac Cven bedniereba gavai-
giveT. es Cvens mieri wanamZRvrebidan aSkarad gamomdinareobs:
xom vaRiareT, bedniereba uzenaesi wyalobaao. saboloo miznebi
da ukeTesi madli sulSia Tavmoyrili, suli - mdgomareobacaa da
garjacaa, xolo Tuki moRvaweoba guneba - ganwyobilebaze upri-
ania, TiTqos umjobes viTarebas ukeTesi garja Seefereba, maRali
zneoba ki yvelaze upiratesi mdgomareobaa, im dros zneobrivobis
saqmeni sulis keTildReobaa. umaRles sikeTed [Cven SevracxeT]
bednierebac, maSasadame bedkeTiloba - moqmedebaa aRmatebuli
sulisa. magram, vinaidan bedsvianoba ganvixileT rogorc raRac
srulyofili, garna cxovreba SeiZleba iyos nakliani an unaklo,
asevea saTnoebac (anu sruli da nawilobrivi), arasrulyofilis
moRvaweoba ki naklovani iqneba, imxanad gvmarTebs bedniereba
gavmijnoT viT `moqmedeba wundaudebeli cxovrebisa gaukicxav
saTnoebasTan SeTanxmebulad~1.
iRblianobis saxeoba amnairad sworad mivuTiTeT da ganvsaz-
RvreT, amas Cvens mier gaziarebuli yvela mosazreba gvimowmebs.
[isini aseTni arian]: raTa `keTilad~ da `gancxromiT~ vicxov-
roT - es igivea `bedis nebierni viyoT~, TiToeul am SemTxvevaSi
momarjveba da moRvaweobaa, iqneba is cxovreba vinZlo moqmedeba,
1. 19a24 – 39: aristotele qsenokrates Teziss bednierebis da zneobrivi

cxovrebis igiveobis Sesaxeb logikurad amtkicebs, ix. `topika~ VII, 152a5 –
10. platonis `saxelmwifoSic~ igiv azrs vkiTxulobT. I 24, 354a3. Sdr. e. n. x,
1177a10 – 17, `politika~ VII 1328a 37.
30 wigni meore
raki sadac namoqmedaria, iq moxmarebacaa: sityvaze, mWedeli

lagams Wedavs, oRond, mxedari mas iyenebs; da `yismaTianic~
erTi dRiT rodia svebednieri, arc bavSvobaSi arca romelime
asakSi, rameTu marTals ambobs soloni1, adamianis bedsvianobaze
mis sicocxleSi ar laparakoben, aramed misi sikvdilis Semdego,
vinaTgan daumTavrebeli bedniereba2 ar arsebobs, rameTu ur-
Rvevobis uqonelia.3
maRal zneobas misiv saqmeTa gamo aqeben, didebiT mosaven,
gamarjvebulebs gvirgviniT amkoben, da ara imaT, visac SeeZlo
eZlia Tumc ver gaimarjva; adamisSvils mis mier gakeTebuliT
afaseben; [kiTxvaze:] `ra mizeziT ar ahyavT camde bedniereba?~
- [saWiroa vupasuxoT:] ìs igia, romlis sababiTac yvela sxva
raimes xotbas asxams, raxan misken mivyavarT, rakiRa misi nawilni
gaxlavarT~, am mizeziT, `mofereba~ `qeba~ da `gandideba~ ar-
sebiTad sxvadasxvaa: didebiT mosaven calkeul samuSaoTaTvis,
aqeben saerTo TvisebaTaTvis, eloliavebian srulqmnilebisaTvis.
es naTels hfens kiTxvas, romelic xandaxan gvaocebs: ris
gamoa rigiani xalxi naxevari cxovrebis manZilze arafriT ar
gansxvavdebian sxvebisgan - mZinari yvela erTnairia. sababi aq
isaa, mosveneba sulis usaqmurobaa da ara moqmedeba. namdvilad,
Tu rom arsebobs sulis romelime - sxva nawili, nimuSad `saW-
melis SemTvisebeli~, misi saTnoeba ar brZandeba xvedri sruli
1. `solonis gamonaTqvami~ – ix herodote I, 32 – 33.

2. 19b7 – 8: `dausrulebeli~ (ὰτέλές) da srulqmnili (τέλεον) berZnul enaSi
erTi fuZis mqone sityvebia, aRmavali sityva τέλος - isken - `bolo~, `dasas-
ruli~ `zRvari~, `mizani~. `dausrulebeli~ (ἀτελές) aristoteles esmis ro-
gorc srulqmnilis sapirispiro (τέλεον). magram, raki bedniereba `srulyofil
keTildReobad~ (τέλεον αγαθόν 1219a28) vaRiareT, maSin igi dausrulebelTan
SeuTavsebeli iqneba.
3. `mTlianobis uqoneli~ (οὐ γὰρ öλον) – dasrulebuli, srulyofili da mTliani
aristoteles mixedviT urTierTdakavSirebuli erTianobaa, ix. `fizika~ V
228s14; metafizika, V, 1016b17; e.n. X 1174b7.
wigni meore 31
saTnoebisa, iseve, ranairadac sxeulis saTnoeba1 [misi kerZi

ver iqneba]. ZilquSSi metwilad sakvebi SeiTviseba, unari, rom
vigrZnoT da veSurebodeT, raTa mZinareni srulad ar gamov-
vlindeT. garna, ZilSi moZraobasTan raRac Tanamonawileobs,
sizmrebs keTilsindisieri kacis Svilni ukveTess xedaven vai Tu
sneulni an daSavebul - dasaxiCrebulni ar arian.
yoveli zemoTqmulis Semdeg ganxilvis [sagnad] xams suli
iqces, raki saTnoebasa da suls Soris kavSiri SemTxveviTi sulac
ar gaxlavT. adamianur saTnoebis kvlevisas Cven wanamZRvriT
vxelmZRvanelobT, amgvarad sulSi msjelobis Sno2 or nawils
aqvs, xolo es marifaTebi gansxvavebulia. erTisTvis damaxasi-
aTebeli brZaneblobaa, meorisTvis - morCileba da gagonebaa.
meore dayofis Tanaxmad, [sulSi] sufevs nakveTi, romelsac ar
gaaCnia garCevis unari,3 magram, Cven mas gamovtovebT. araviTari
mniSvneloba ara aqvs, danawevrebadia suli Tu ara. mTavari
isaa, sxvadasxvagvari simtkiceni mis gankargulebaSia da maT
Soris Cvens mier dasaxelebulni. [isini dayofilni ar gaxlavan]
iseve ragvar uswormasworo zedapirze ganuyofelia Cazneqil
- amozneqili da rarig [ganurCevelia] swori xazi da TeTri
feri, TumcaRa sworxazovneba Sesatyvisi araa TeTri ferisa, es
mxolod damTxvevaa da ara misi raoba.
vincobaa suls aqvs kidev romelime nakveTi da saxeldobr
mzardi, mas gamovricxavT, radgan [mxolod] is naWrebi vaxseneT,
romelnic marTlac kacxorcielis sulis mTavari ubanni brZan-
debian; swored amitomaa `kvebis~ saTnoeba, zrdisken mimswrafi
1. sxeulis saTnoebebs aristottele janmrTelobas, silamazes, Zalas miakuT-

vnebda. ix. `ritorika~ I, 1361b3 – 35.
2. sulis ori bednierebis Sesaxeb moTxrobilia e.n. I Si. 1102b13 – 1103a2.
3. sulis gonier (λογιστικόν) da ugunur (ἀλογιστον) nawilebad dayofa platonisas
gvagonebs. ix: `saxelmwifo~ IV, 439d4 – 6.
32 wigni meore
[sulis ubnebisa] ar aris dedaarsi [wminda] miwis Sviluri saT-

noebisa. ukeTu [vimsjelebT] ra aqcevs mokvdavs adamianad, imJamad
masSi unda iyos msjelobis unari, ufrosoba da moqmedeba; TaTbiri
moTaTbirebaze ki ar, Tumca miswrafebebze da Jinze mbrZaneblobs,
amisTvis, [Cvens mier dasaxelebuli] es fardebi kacSi uciloblad
iarsebebs da viTar gvamis kargi mdgomareoba sxeulis kerZo Ri-
rebulebebidan unjdeba, aseve sulis saTnoeba [- sulis calkeul
faseulobebisagan] Seikribeba, radganac isaa misi srulqmnileba.
saTnoeba or saxeobad iyofa - zneobiTad da azrovnebad. me
da Sen mxolod samarTlianebs rodi vaqebT, mainc sazrianebs da
brZenebs, oRond, Cvens mier gakeTebul wanamZRvrebiT gandidebis
Rirsni qvelni da maTi saqmenia. [Tavad saTnoebani] moqmedebis
dedaarsni ar gaxlavan, dabolos moqmedeba maTgan gamomdin-
areobs. rom moazrovne saTnoeba msjelobasTanaa dakavSire-
buli, igi sulis im nawilis saxierebaa, romelsac azrovneba
ZaluZs da vinaidan fiqri SeuZlia, misi [daniSnuleba] sulze
mbrZaneblobaa. zneobiTi saTnoebani sulis im nakveTs gane-
kuTvnebian, romelic ar azrovnebs da Tavisi bunebis mixedviT
moazrovnes kvalSi Casdgomia.1 [kiTxvaze], [Zexorcieli] zneo-
biT ranairia, ar vpasuxobT, rom igi brZenia an gamomgonebeli,
aramed [vambobT], - uwyinaria anda kadnieria.
axla pirvel yovlisa zneobiTi saTnoeba unda ganvixiloT,
ra aris is, raferia misi Semadgeneli naWrebi, (amasTan mivya-
varT [kiTxvas] ) Tu ra Zala warmoSobs mas. kvleva ise unda
warvmarToT, rogoradac yvela uCvenebs im SemTxvevaSi, roca
xelTaa [raRac codna sagnis] Sesaxeb, imgvarad, ranairadac
guliTad da arazust gamonaTqvamebis Sedegad momakvdavni cdi-
loben WeSmariti da marTali [codna] miiRon. Cvenc aki axla am
dReSi varT, [rogorc isini, vinc fiqroben], janmrTeloba sxe-
1. 20a4 – 11: saTnoebaTa zneobriv da moazrovne nawilebad analogiuri danaw-

evreba xdeba e. n. I - Si, 1103a5 - 10.
wigni meore 33
ulis saukveTeso mdgomareobaao, an koriski moedanze yvelaze

Savgvremaniao. marTlac, ar vuwyiT, TiToeuli amaTTagani ras
warmoadgens, TumcaRa ki, rom vicodeT ras gamoxataven, aucile-
belia sacnauroba imisa, esden ìsini raRacdagvarni gaxlavan~.
Tavidan vivaraudoT, ùmjobesi mdgomareoba~ sasaxelo ra-
meebisagan warmoiSoba da yoveli kerZo arseba Cinebulad, misT-
vis Cveul sanaqebo TvisebiT moqmedebs, magaliTad, is Sroma da
kvebaa saukeTeso, romlebic xels simxneves uwyobs, garna, visac
kargi janmrTeloba aqvs, is adamiani didebulad Sromobs. Semdeg:
yoveli SeZleba erTi da igive rameebiT miiRweva da nadgurdeba,
sityvaze: janmrTeloba - kvebiT, jafiT, weliwadis droebiT. es
gamomdinareobs danaskvidan _ kerZodan mTlianisaken. maSasa-
dame, saTnoebac iseTi mdgomareobaa, romelic sulis anarCevi
moZraobebiT aRiZvris da Tanadroulad sulSi sanaqebo qmede-
basa da grZnobebs iwvevs. aseTi viTareba ibadeba da bolo eReba
erTi da imav miziT da qvelobac Tavis Tavs zustad im rameebis
mimarT ganaxorcielebs, romelTa meSveobiTac igi mravldeba da
iRupeba, imisda mixedviT [Cven] mas umjobes yofierebasTan ro-
gorebic mivyavarT. amis niSani isaa, rom saTnoeba da biwiereba
saqmes kmayofilebasTan da tanjvasTan iWers, raki maT sasjelTa
sazomebad ieyeneben, vinaidan eqimobis arsi `sapirispiroebSia~.
II
cxadia, zneobiT saTnoebas kavSiri gulis Sejerebasa da
mowameobasTan aqvs. zne - Cveulebebi ranairadac TviT saxel-
wodeba gviCvenebs warmosdgeba [sityvisgan] `Cveva~,1 xolo Cveva
xSirad gameorebul gansazRvruli mimarTulebis swavlebisa-
1. 20a39 – b7: aristotele nirsa (η̑θος) da Cvevas (ε̆θος) aaxlovebs da xazs usvams
Cvevis Tvisebas gansazRvruli qmedebis ganxorcielebisa (τὸ ὲνεργετικόν), ris
Semdegac am kuTxiT xedvidan igi nirs ganixilavs rogorc Tvisebas sulis
ugunur nawilisa romelic gonebis nebas aRasrulebs.
34 wigni meore
gan, romelic bunebis mier saZirkvelCauyrelia da amgvarad

niri ukve aris moqmedebis wyaro, rasac Cven usulo sagnebs
ver vamCnevT (kidevac SeiZleba aTasjer avagdoT qva maRla,
magram, gareSe Zalis dauxmareblad is amas verasodes ver
SesZlebs). amad gvevaleba vaRiaroT, xasiaTi - sulis xarisxia,
maSin, ra drosac < msjelobis uunaro misi nawili, > gonebas
emorCileba da mas kvalSi udgas. axla gvmarTebs davadginoT,
razea daqvemdebarebuli zneobani viT `xarisxni sulisa~. isini
`grZnobaTa moZraobis~ Semmowmebel `SesaZleblobebzec~ brZan-
debian damokidebulni, risTvisac adamisSvilebs àlRoianebs~
eZaxian da `Tvisebebze~, ris gamoc mokvdavebze laparakoben
ragvar `midrekilebze~ an `miudrekelebze~ am grZnobebis
mimarT. Semdgomad amisa, ukve dasrulebul wignebSi `grZnobaTa
moZraobebi~, `SesaZleblobebi~ da `Tvisebebi~1 danawevrebu-
lia. grZnobaTa moZraobebs me mivakuTvneb imgvarT, rogoricaa
gaSmageba, SiSi, sircxvili, mZafri survili, saerTod is, risi
Tanmxlebicaa kmayofilebis da tanjvis SegrZneba. es jer kidev
ar aris [sulis] Tviseba, [suli] mocemul SemTxvevaSi [raRacas]
ganicdis, xarisxi ki `SesaZleblobasTanaa~ dakavSirebuli;
me Zaldebebs imas vuwodeb, risTvisac alRos amyoli xalxi
[aseTebaT Tu iseTebaT] iwodebian, magaliTad, mrisxane, ugono,
Seyvarebuli, mokrZalebuli, urcxvi. `Tvisebebi~ - mizezebia
imisa, rom [grZnobaTa moZraobani] gonebasTan Tanaxmierni
gaxlavan an ewinaaRmdegebian mas, nimuSad, mamacoba, keTilg-
oniereba, simxdale, aulagmavoba.
1. 20b10 – 20: grZnobaTa (JinTa), SesaZleblobebis (midrekilebaTa, ZaldebaTa),

TvisebaTa (mdgomareobaTa safuZvelTa), moZraobebis klasifikacia sxvadasxva
variaciiT yvela eTikaSia moyvanili, Sdr. e. n. II, 1105b21 – 28, I, m.m. 1186a11 – 9.
wigni meore 35
III
miviRebT ra am gansazRvrebebs, saWiroa vicodeT, yovel
ganuwyvetlobaSi da danawevrebaSi1 naWarbic gveqneba, ukmarobac
da saSualoc, amasTan, [es sidideebi izomeba] an erTmaneTTan an
CvenTan TanafardobaSi, ise, ranairadac gimnastikis, eqimobis,
xuroTmoZRvrobis, xomaldis marTvis da nebismieri saqmianobi-
sas romelnic arian an ar arian dakavSirebulni mecnierebasTan,
daxelovnebulTan Tu gauwafavTan. aki moZraoba ganuwyvetelia
oRond, moRvaweoba xom moZraobaa. yovel [saqmeSi] saukveTeso -
SuaTanaa, saSualo CvenTvis,2 vinaTgan igi TanxmobaSia imasTan,
rasac codna da goniereba moiTxovs da mas yovelTvis umjobes
mdgomareobamde mivyavarT. es cxadia daskvnidanac kerZodan
sayovelTaosken da msjelobidanac, rameTu winaaRmdegobrivni
erTurTs anadgureben, ganapirani TiTqos erTmaneTisTvisac
da Sua adgilisTvisac sapirispironi brZandebian, rameTu Sua
aseTicaa da iseTic, erTis mimarTac da meoresTan damokide-
bulebis mizeziTac, magaliTad, `toli~ `mcireze~ metia da
1. 20b21 – 26: moZraobis uwyvetobasa da yvela moZravis dayofadobaze ix. :

`fizika~ IV, 219a10 – 13; V, 228a20 -23; VII, 242a40.
2. `yvela [saqmeSi] saukveTeso saSualoa – Suana CvenTvis.~ - Tavis ganxilvaSi
aristotele mravalsaukunovan tradicias eyrdnoba, mxedvelobaSi aqvs Su-
anebi rogorc umaRlesi Rirebulebebi. es kriteriumi delfos taZris kedelze
lakonurad aris gamoTqmuli àraferi zedmeti~ (μηδὲν ᾰγαν) da gamudmebiTaa
moxseniebuli poetebis, istorikosebis, filosofosebis, oratorebis Tx-
zulebebSi, rogorc zomis, Suas, wonasworobis principi cxovrebis sxvadasxva
sferoSi rom gamoiyeneba adamianis organizmis sicocxlisunarianobiT daw-
yebuli saxelmwifos sistemiT damTavrebuli. aristoteles inovacia isaa,
rom rasac igi `CvenTvis Suanaze~ gveubneba, swored miT pirovnebis individu-
alur Taviseburebebze damokidebul zomis konkretul dozaze migviTiTebs,
msgavsad, rogorc manamde, bevri xniT adre hipokrates wris eqimebi sakvebis
dozas did mniSvnelobas rom aniWebdnen pacientis TaviseburebaTa mixedviT.
ix: Kolchreuter H. Mesotes dei und vor Aristoteles (diss). Tubing., 1911; Sghilling H.
Des ethos der Mesotes. Eine studie zur Nikomachische Etik des Aristoteles. Tubing., 1930.
36 wigni meore
`didze~ naklebia. mitom zneobriv saTnoebas saqme uciloblad

raRac SuagulebTan unda hqondes da erTgvari Sorisi iqneba.
aserigad, gvevaleba gavigoT, saTnoeba [rasa da ras Soris] aris
SuaTana da ra SuagulebTan aqvs saerTo. nimuSisTvis aviRoT da
CamonaTvalidan1 TiToeuli [Tviseba] ganvixiloT.
mrisxaneba ugrZnobloba simSvide

mamacoba simxdale vaJkacoba
urcxvoba gaubedavoba kdemamosileba
aulagmavoba ugrZnobeloba keTilgoniereba
Suri saxelwodeba ar aqvs guliswyroma.
angareba zarali samarTlianoba
bedovlaToba Zunwoba, xelgaSliloba
baqiaoba TvalTmaqcoba alalmarTloba
pirferoba, mtroba, guliTadoba
mliqvneloba qedmaRloba sakuTari Rirsebis grZnoba
saTuToba avzraxuli tanjva amtanoba
Tavis Tavze damcirebuli yofa sulis gardigardmooba
didi warmodgena
bedovlaToba wuwuraqoba Cinebuloba
eSmakoba CerCetoba windaxeduloba
ai aseTi da amaTi msgavsi Rirsebebi gvxvdeba kacis SvilTa
sulebSi, TiToeul maTgans Tavisi saxeli aqvs, siWarbis [an
raimes] sulac naklis mizeziT: mrisxane - isaa, vinac mrisxanebs
1. 20b38 – 21a12: motanil tabulaSi saTnoebani jamdebian, romelnic sxadasxva

kombinaciebSi ganixilebian e. n. III – IV – Si. m. m. I 20 – 34 `ritorika~ I 1366b1
– 22. mouxseniebeli darCa sibrZne (σοφία), sazrianoba (συνεσία), gamomgonebloba
(δεινότης)..
wigni meore 37
ufro Zlierad, vidre unda mZvinvarebdes, da uaRresad met ada-

mians ugulisdeba, vinem saWiroa; uxaliso - igia, vinc sustad
[mrisxanebs] da ufrosRa cotas ayris igi cecxls, vinem unda
ayaros, garna, [ugunurad] `mamaci~ - igia, vinac ar ufrTxis imas,
risac saWiroa [eSinodes], im dros da ise rogorc [Sehferis
xifaTs elodos]; `mxdali~ - isaa, visac [eSinia] imisa, risac
ar SegvSvenis gveSinodes, odes da rarig ar unda gveSinodes;
mis msgavsad iqceva `Tavawyvetili~ da `vnebiT Sepyrobili~,
ametebs yvelaferSi [jerovans] raSic ki SeiZleba. ùgrZnobi~
ki arasakmarisad [nebdeba] Zlier survils, imxanadac, rodesac
es mSvenieria da bunebrivia, igi qvasaviT uvneboa; àngarebiani~
- igia, vinac yoveli mxridan sargebels naxulobs, `zaraliani~
isaa, romelic [ar xeirobs] an iSviaTad; `baqia~ - miawers Tavis
Tavs ufro mets, vidre gaxlavs sinamdvileSi, `TvalTmaqci~ ki -
naklebs; asevea `mliqvneli~ - is, vinc imaze met qebas asxams vinmes
manam ekadreba, xolo `mtruli~ - naklebs; da [cxadia] erTob
moswonT - `liqna~, da - `qedmaRloba~s naklebad uxalisdebian;
Semdgom, vinac sul patara gasaWirsac ver umklavdeba, ros es
[misTvis] sasikeToa, - is `gasaTuTebulia~, magram imas, vinac
erTnairad itans yvelafers, zusti saxelwodeba ara aqvs, gadata-
niT mniSvnelobiT aseTs `kuSts~ eZaxian, `vnebis damaokebels~,
àvzraxulad tanjuls~, amtans; `yoyoCi~ - igia, vinac Tavis Tavs
met fass adebs [vidre gaxlavs], oRond, `damdablebuli~ naklebs;
Semdeg, `mflangveli~ aWarbebs yovelTvis raJams xarjavs, garna,
`Zunws~ yoveldros akldeba; maT emsgavseba `gamniavebeli~ da
`kudabzika~, es ukanaskneli saTanado [zomas] ametebs, xolo
pirveli mis ukmarobas ganicdis; eSmakuna yvelanairad da yoveli
mxridan sargebels eZebs, magram, bentera [iqac ar naxulobs]
sarfs, sadac saWiroa moixelos; Surians zomaze umetes wyins
[sxvisi] keTildReoba, (radgan, roca batonkacurad cxovrebis
Rirsi kacxorcielni svesvianoben, amiT isini Surianebs aRiz-
ianeben), oRond, mis sapirispiros ara aqvs zusti saxelwodeba,
38 wigni meore
misTvis ucxoa ganawyenianeba imJamadac, radrosac uRirsni

keTildReoben, is gaurkvevlobaSia rogoradac mucelRmerTa
WamaSi, pirveli aki Tvisi Suris sawyaoTi saCinaria.
zedmetia miTiTeba yovel [xarisxze] aqaoda is ZiriTa-
diao.1 amgvarad, arcerTi mecniereba, arc Teoriuli da arca
praqtikuli, arcara gamoTqmebiT, arcaRa moqmedebiT amgvar
ganmartebebs ar mimarTavs, garna, isini gapranWul sityvierebis
(kaurebis) dros, [sofistur] `saxelmZvaneloebSi~2 gvxvdebian.
amnairad, de gansazRvrebebs aq es ubralo saxe [hqondeT], xolo,
maTze [dawvrilebiT] iq, sadac urTierTsapirispiro Tvisebebze
vilaparakebT.
TviT am grZnobaTa moZraobebis nairsaxeobaTa saxelwo-
deba imiTaa ganpirobebuli, erTmaneTisagan riT gansxvavdebian
- naWarbi droiT, raodenobiT Tu imaTTan damokidebulebiT,
vinc TavisTan iwvevs zogierT grZnobas. momyavs magaliTebi:
`gulficxi~ [gamorCeulia] miT, grZnoba gacilebiT male mo-
edeba, vidreRa saWiroa, magram, avguls da mZvivares - bevrwilad
moicavs; `RvarZliani~ - mrisxanebiT damuxtulia; `CxubisTavi~
da `mlanZRvel maginebeli~ boboqrobas sapasuxo moqmedebebiT
gamoxataven; `msunagis~, `mucelRmerTas~, `loTis~ - gulisx-
mierebis Zala ugunurad ama Tu im saWmeliT tkbobisas vlindeba.
gvmarTebs gaviTvaliswinoT, zogierTi [sulis moZraobaTa-
1. 21b4 – 7: `metafizikaSi~ aristotele SemTxveviTis (meorexarisxovanis) Semdeg

ganmartebas iZleva: ìs, rom, marTalia, xdeba, magram, yovelTvis ara da arc
aucileblad da arc umetes... Tu ratomac ar aris moZRvreba masze es gasagebia:
xom yoveli mecniereba swavlobs imas, rac yovelTvis da umTavresad arsebobs,
SemTxveviTi ki arc erTs da arc meores ar ganekuTvneba~ (ХI 8, 1065al - 6).
2. `saxelmZRvanelo~ (τεχνω̑ν) saubaria oratorul xelovnebis Seswavlis saSu-
alebebze, romelsac sofisti ritorebi werdnen, saerTo adgilebis kompleqts
adgendnen, aucilebelT, raTa msmeneli nebismier situaciaSi mis sandoobaSi,
xSirad diametralurad sawinaaRmdegoSi daerwmunebinaT, Sdr. `ritorika~ II
1402а 1 - 30.
wigni meore 39
gani] ar SeiZleba miTiTebiT ganisazRvros `rogor [keTdeba

es~] o, vincobaa `rogor~is miRma `didi raodenobaa~ nagulisx-
mevi, sityvaze `mruSs~ imitom ki ar [eZaxian] Tu rom igi bevr
gaTxovil qals uaxlovdeba, vire normaa, (aq xom `normac~ ra
mosatania), oRond, misi [saqcieli] TavisTavad siZvaa. aser-
igad, dasaxelebul Jinis saxelwodebaSi ukve Zevs miwis Svilis
xasiaTi. asevea `Seuracxofis~ SemTxvevaSi. ai ratom daoben
da kamaToben: erTmaneTs Sexvdnen garna ar imruSeso, moiqcnen
ase umecrebis an iZulebis Sedegado; amboben: davartyi xolo
Seuracxofa ar mimiyenebiao, - zustad ase sxva msgavs ambavSic.
IV
axla, rodesac gansazRvrebebi saxezea, aucilebelia iTqvas
Semdegi: raxan suli ori ubnisagan Sedgeba da maT Sesabamisad
gonieri fardis saTnoebanic arseboben - moazrovneni, romelTa
amocanacaa - WeSmaritebas an arsebobis wess [Cawvdnen], anda
[yoveli arsebulis] warmoSobisa, ugunurisac, magram miswrafe-
bulis (gana sulis yvela nawils ara aqvs miswrafeba1 Tuki is
dayofadia), maSin keTili zne da cudi niSati siamovnebaze da
tanjvaze aucileblad damokidebuli iqneba, romelTac mokvdavi
daZebnis an gaeqceva. es `grZnobaTa moZraobebis~, danawevrebidan
aSkaraa: `SesaZleblobebis~ da `Tvisebebis~ mixedviT. namdvilad,
`SesaZleblobebi~ da `Tvisebebi~ grZnobaTa gadanacvlebis
[SesaZleblobebis da Tvisebebis] dedaarsia, oRond, grZnobaTa
adgilis cvlani siamovnebasTan da tanjvasTan SekavSirebulan.
aserigad, amis safuZvelze da wina mtkicebulebebidan Cans, mTeli
zneobrivi saTnoeba siamovnebebiT da tanjvebiTaa warmoSobili.
amebani kidevac iqeTkenaa mimarTuli da imasTanaa kavSirSi,
1. `swrafva sulis yvela nawils rodi aqvs~ - traqtatSi `sulis Sesaxeb~

piriqiTaa, swrafvas (ο̆ρεξις), Tavis nair - nair gamovlinebiT, aristotele
sulis yvela nawils miawers (III 9, 432b3 - 7).
40 wigni meore
risganac yovelgvar sulisTvis tipiuria an erTob keTili, an

friad cudi brZandebodes. Cven xalxs uSnoebs veZaxiT, vinZlo
isini siamovnebebs da tanjvebs eZeben an gaurbian viTar zedmetT
da ara aucilebelT. am mizeziT saTnoebas yvela1 gansazRvravs,
TiTqos ugrZnoblobas da mSvid damokidebulebas siamovnebaTa
da tanjvaTadmi, garna mankierebani - Tvisebebis msgavsad sapir-
ispironi gaxlavan.
V
saTnoeba, ragvaradac dadgenilia - stabiluri mdgomareobaa,
odes kacni saucxood iqcevian da ris wyalobiTac mSvenierebi-
saken yvelaze ukeT midrekilan, xolo, mSvenieri da saukveTeso
- namdvil gansjasTan TanaxmobaSia, CvenTvis igia agreTve Sua
siWarbesa da naklovanebas Soris, amis gamo zneobrivi saTnoeba
aucileblad SuaTana iqneba, TiToeul, calkeul ZexorcielTa
Sesabam siamovnebasa da tanjvas Sua alags, sasiamovnosa da usia-
movnos Suaze arsebul Suaguls dauaxlovdeba. Suana siamovne-
bebs Sorisi Sualedi adgili gaxlavT (xom maTSi siWarbecaa da
ukmarobac), SuaTana tanjvis Jams, Sua alagi erTSic an meoreSic.
aRmatebuli sixarulSi, uaRresi siamovnebaSi da [warCinebuli]
mwuxarebaSic - sapirispiroSi, magram, es an Seufardebelia, anda
romeliRac zomasTan Sesabamisobaa, nimuSad, [ros vinme iqceva]
umravlesobisgan gansxvavebulad; zneobrivi ki sapirispirod
1. sadac `yvelas~ ambobs, dirlmaieris azriT aristotele platonis akademiis

wevrebs gulisxmobs. TviT platoni Tavis `saxelmwifoSi~ (IX, 583с4 -е1)
siwynares (ἡσυχία) sixarulsa da mwuxarebas Soris arsebul Sua mgomareobas
uwodebs, an uqonlobas rogorc erTis ase meoris, xolo `filebSi~ 21е2 imav
mdgomareobas sityva ùgrZnobeliT~ (ἀπαθής) aRniSnavs da mas zneobriobas ar
uTanabrebs. 8 E.N. П, 1104b24 –26 αaristotele imaT akritikebs, romelnic
saTnoebas ugrZnoblobad ganmartaven (uvneboba ἀπἁθεια) da modunebuli
damokidebuleba (simSvide ἡρεμία) imitom, rom isini im pirobebze ar miuTiTeben,
romelnic aseT dros unda gaviTvaliswinoT.
wigni meore 41
[Tavs iWers ise] rogorc miRebulia.1

raki gamZleni gaxlavan, momakvdavni erTi da imav saqmeSi
uSveben: erTni - moWarbebas, meoreni - daklebas, simtkiceni ki
aucileblad viT erTmaneTisadmi agreTve saTnoebis sapirispi-
roni unda iyvnen, ise ranairadac [metoba da ukmaroba] urTierT-
sapirispironi brZandebian da aseve Suagulisac.
xdeba xolme, yvela sawinaaRmdegoni Zalze aSkaravdebian,
xan moWarbebis mxares myofni da amave dros iginic, romelnic
ukmarobisken pirmiqceulan. SeuTanxmeblobis mizezi isaa,
umgvanoba an mgvanoba erTnairad Tanafardi SuaTanasTan
yovelTvis ar aris. Sua mdgomareobaSi xandaxan siWarbidan
Cqara gadavdivarT da xanac danaklisidan, Sualeds vinc
ufrore daSordeba, igi albaT metad gansxvavebuli iqneba,
magaliTad, raJams saqme sxeuls exeba, imxanad Sromis dros
moWarbeba umetes exmareba janmrTelobas vidre nakleboba da
Sua alagedan [Warbi] uaRresad axlosaa, oRond Wamis dros
dakleba [janmrTelobisaTvis gacilebiT sasargebloa] vidrem-
dis gadaWarbebuli. am mizeziT is mgdomareobani, romelTa
amorCevac gimnastikur varjiSis xans warmatebis misaRwevad
gviwevs, simrTelisaTvis gansakuTrebiT sasargebloni iqnebian,
roca arCevani erTzec da meorezec keTdeba [es iqneba,] erTi
mxriT mZime jafa, meore mxriv - udreki gamZleoba, rac sapir-
ispiroa imisa, vinc Suaguls eWideba da gonivrulad iqceva,
erTis mxriv usaqmuri, garna, ara orive SemTxvevaSi,2 xolo,
meore ambavSi - siamovnebebis erTguli, da arafris gulisT-
vis mSieri. ase imis Sedegad xdeba, Cveni buneba dasabamierad
SuaTanisgan Tanabrad daSorebuli yvelaferSi veraa, naklebi
Sroma gviyvars da meti - gancxroma. es sulsac Seexeba. [Su-
1. `rogorc saWiroa~ - termini sagans dadebiTad afasebs, miuTiTebs, rom

obieqtSi aucilebeli zoma daculia.
2. `magram orive ara~ - arc usaqmuri da arca Sromismoyvare.
42 wigni meore
aledis] sapirispirod im mdgomareobas miviCnevT, romlis

drosac Secdomebs vuSvebT da romliskenac adamianTa umrav-
lesobaa midrekili (sxva garemoeba SeumCnevelia, TiTqos arc
arsebobs, Tavis iSviaTobis mizeziT SeugrZnobelia), sityvaze,
mZvinvareba – simSvidis sapirispiroa da mrisxane - mSvidis
sawinaaRmdegoa, miuxedavad amisa arsebobs gadaWarbeba gul-
mowyalebaSi da SemwynareblobaSi, unaris gamoCenaSic – rad-
rosac gvirtyamen da ar vrisxdebiT, magram, aseTni cotani
yofilan, adamisSvilebi ufro sxva mxares ixrebian, da swored
amitom mZvinvareba damyoli1 ar gaxlavs.
rakiRa calkeul grZnobebis moZraobebis Sesabamisi mdgradi
garemoebani CamovTvaleT, moWarbebani, ukmarobani da maTi sa-
pirispiro viTarebani, romelTa drosac kacis Svilebi marT-
lad gansjian (oRond raa marTebuli gansja da romeli sazomi
gansazRvravs Sua alags amas mogvianebiT ganvixilavT2), cxadi
xdeba, mTlad zneobiTi saTnoebani da biwierebani WarbTan da
danaklisTan, siamovnebebsa da gulmiusavlobebTan SeuRlebu-
lan, siamovnebani da wyenani ki moxsenebul mtkice garemoe-
baTagan da grZnobaTa moZraobebisagan warmoiSobian. garna
yvelaze saukeTeso mdgomareoba - yovel calkeul SemTxvevaSi
Sua gulia. aSkaraa, saTnoebanic yvela es SuaTana viTarebani,
an zogierTi maTgani iqnebian.
1. sityva `daumorCilebeliT~ Cven vcdilobT vTargmnoT xelnaweri (οὐ κο-

λακικόν) (sityvasityviT àrapirmoTne~ vigebT ra mTlian frazas rogorc
dapirispirebas Tvinierebis siWarbisa mis damTmoblobasTan da aRSfoTebas
– gabrazebis siWarbes mis uunarobasTan rom vinmes eqlesos, viRacas xasiaTi
Seuwyos. dirlmaieri uaryofs wakiTxvas κολακικόν, uazrod miiCnevs da mas ase
kiTxulobs [οὐ] κολαστικόν – SurismaZiebeli.
2. `mogvianebiT ganvixilavT~ ix. e. e. V; NVIII 3, 1249а21 - 25.
wigni meore 43
VI
modiT, dasabamiT poziciaSi davdgeT da Cveni kvleva gan-
vagrZoT. yoveli arsebuli bunebiT raimes pirvelarsia, amitom
SeuZliaT maT uamravi TavianTi mgvani warmoSvan, nimuSad, ada-
mianma - adamianebi da saerTod, cxovelebma - mxecebi, mcenaree-
bma - mcenareebi. amas davumatoT, Zexorcieli rogorc erTi
cxovelTagani1 gansakuTrebul moqmedebebis pirvelsawyisicaa,
TiTqos vercerT sxva [mxecze] ver vityviT ìs moqmedebs~.
sawyisebad pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT moqmedebaTa dasawyisebi
iwodebian, ufro sworad ki isini, romelTa meSveobiTac war-
moSobilni sxvafriv ver iarsebebdnen da aseTi dasabami albaT
RmerTia. iq, sadac Tavdapirveli cneba ucvlelia, magaliTad
maTematikaSi, [sityva] pirvelsawyisi ixmareba ara pirdapiri
gagebiT, oRond msgavsebis mixedviT gamoiyeneba. marTlac, aqac
Tu rom amosavali principi icvleba, im dros misgan gamomdinare
yvela Sedegi unda gadasxvaferdes, Tumca TviT Sedegni rodi
gadasxvavdebian, rodesac erTi auqmebs meores, vai Tu yofili
piroba Zalas kargavs da mtkicebuleba axali amosavali prin-
cipis safuZvelze warmoebs.
adamiani raRac moZraobis dasawyisia, rameTu moRvaweoba -
moZraobaa. viTarmed am SemTxvevaSi ragvar sxvebSi pirveldaw-
yebiTi mdgomareoba aris arsebulis an misi wyalobiT warmoSo-
bilis mizezi, imJamad fiqris dineba iseTive unda iyos, rarig
[mkacri] mtkicebulebebisas.2 aki, odes samkuTxeds aqvs ori
1. 22bI9: Sdr. e. e. V (= e.n. VI), 2, llЗ9а20: `grZnoba cxovelebsac aqvT, magram

mxecze ver vityviT, rom is moqmedebs~.
2. `mkacri mtkicebulebebisas~ - Sdr. `metafizikaSi~ V 1015b6 - 9: àucile-
belTa ricxvs mtkicebulebani miekuTvnebian, ase, raki raime upirobod damt-
kicebulia, maSin sxvafriv ukve aRar iqneba da amis mizezi sawyisi gzavnilebia,
da kerZod: Tuki imasTan, risganac danaskvi yalibdeba, saqme sxvagvarad ar
warimarTeba~.
44 wigni meore
marTi kuTxe, oTxkuTxeds ki TavisTavad cxadia oTxi marTi

kuTxe, amis mizezi aSkarad isaa, rom, samkuTxedSi ori kuTxe
- marTia; xolo, sakmarisia samkuTxedi Seicvalos, Seicvleba
oTxkuTxedic, sityvaze, sami [marTi kuTxis SemTxvevaSi, kuTxeTa
ricxvi] eqvsi gaxdeba, ukeTu eqvsi marTi kuTxe gveqneba, mas
Semdeg rvakuTxeds miviRebT, magram, raki [samkuTxeds] ar Seu-
Zlia Seicvalos, aramed myofobs iseTi rogoric aris, maSin
aucileblad [oTxkuTxedic] imnairi darCeba, raferic gaxlavT.
aucilebloba aseTi daskvnisa Cven ànalitikebSi~1 giCveneT, aq
ar gveZleva saSualeba amis gamoutoveblobisa, an gadmovceT
metad zustad vidre axla mogiTxreT.
amgvarad, Tu samkuTxedis Tviseba gareSe mizeziT araa
gamowveuli, im dros igi yvela Tavisi niSanTvisebis dasabami
da sababi iqneba, amitom, iq, sadac calkeul sagnebisaTvis sa-
pirispiro niSandobliobani dsaSvebia, maTi amosavali sawyisebi
uciloblad aseTiveni iqnebian: garduvalobis ZaliT [arsebuli]
aucileblobiT arsebulisgan momdinareobs. sawinaaRmdegod,
[rac xdeba sxva] adre [Cvens mier moyvanil mizezebiT], imas
SeiZleba sapirispiro [Tvisebebi] hqondes da momakvdavebze
damokidebuli bevri ram swored aseTni arian da xalxi dedaar-
sia maTi safuZvelisa. amis gamo, ros adamiani2 - sawyisia da
raime moqmedebebis batonia, imJamad aSkaraa, es moqmedebebi an
moxdeba an ar moxdeba da maszea daqvemdebarebuli warmoiSvebian
Tu ar aRiZvrebian is rameebi, romelTa arseboba an ararseboba
imis xelTaa, vincobaa mis gankargulebaSia gaakeTos ram an ar
1. ànalitikebSi~ - komentatorebi daaxloebiT `meore analitikaze~ miuTiTe-

ben I, 1 an I – 4.
2. 23а7 - 9: `ritorikaSi~ 1, 1369а5 - 7 aristotele kacze damokidebul da da-
moukidebel adamianur qmedebebis mizezebs CamoTvlis: ` ... rasac xalxi qmedobs,
mizezi Svidia: SemTxveviTni, bunebrivi moTxovnilebebis Tanaxmad, iZulebiT,
CveviT, fiqris gavleniT, mZvinvarebis Sedegad, vnebis karnaxiT.~
wigni meore 45
moimoqmedos, imxanad igi - am rameebis mizezi gaxlavT, oRond,

romelTa sababicaa - isinic masze daqvemdebarebulni iqnebian.
garna, raki zneobrioba, uzneoba da maT mier ganpirobebuli
saqmeebi - erTni Seqebas, meoreni kicxvas imsaxureben (gmoben da
aqeben ara imas, rac aucileblobis, SemTxveviTobis Tu bunebis
ZaliT arsebobs, imasac, risi mizezic Tavad CvenSia, radgan raJams
sxva vinme raimeTa sababia, maSin igi qebas da Zagebas maT gamo
iRebs), am mizeziT cxadia, zneobas da uzneobas saqme im rameebTan
aqvT, romelTa brali da moqmedebis dasawyisi Tavad adamisS-
vilia. amnairad, gvevaleba gavigoT ragvar namoqmedaris drosaa
kacis Svili - mizezi da dasabami. Cven yvelani viziarebT, nebayo-
flobiT da Tavisi arCevanis mixedviT momqcevi kacxorcieli
Tvisiv yofaqcevis sababiao, xolo, rawamsac es nebayoflobiT ar
xdeba mainc misi nebis winaaRmdeg, im dros igi mizezi ar aris. da
cxadia, Tuki is Tavisi arCevanis Tanaxmad iqceva - nebayoflo-
biT [moqmedebs]. amiT aSkaraa, zneoba da uzneoba survilnebiT
[namoqmedars] miekuTvneba.
VII
axla unda gavarkvioT raa `nebayoflobiTi~ da ra ìZule-
biTi~ da ras niSnavs `sakuTari arCevani~, radganac zneoba
da uzneoba maTgan ganisazRvreba. jer `nebayoflobiTi~ da
ìZulebiTi~ ganvixiloT. isini, rogorc Cans, samidan erTi unda
iyos: xams, raimeTi swrafvasTan, arCevanTan da fiqrTan iyvnen
dakavSirebulni, magram, `nebayoflobiTi~ maTTan Tanmimdevru-
lia, ìZulebiTi~ ki mkveTrad ewinaaRmdegeba maT. miswrafeba
Tavis mxriv samad iyofa: ndoma, aRSfoTebuli garRveva, Jiniani
survili. am danawevrebas moveWidebiT da `Jiniani surviliT~
daviwyebT.
SeiZleba mogeCvenos, yvelaferi rac mgznebare surviliTaa
gamowveuli - nebayoflobiTia, gana yoveli arasurvilnebiTi
46 wigni meore
iZulebiTia oRond - naZaladevi arasasiamovnoa, rogoradac

yoveli, rsac akeTeben miwis Svilebi da itanen, evenis sityvebiT1
daZalebuli yvela saqme saZagelia! o.
amgvarad, vinZlo ram uamuria, is naZaladevia, garna, vincobaa

survilis winaaRmdegaa, sasiamovno ver iqneba. yvelaferi, raic
mZafr JinTanaa gajibrebuli - undomelia (raxan mZafri survili
[ - esaa keTilnebeba] sasiamovnosi), Sesabamisad, Zaldatanebulia
da aramoqeifianebiTia. mtarval gulisTqmasTan SeTanxmebuli
ki mosurvebiTia raki eseni erTmaneTis sapirispironi gaxlavan.
Semdgom, yvela cudi Tviseba mokvdavs uaress xdis. TavSeukave-
bloba viTar Cans ugvani niSania, Tavagdebuli ki - igia, visac
SeuZlia gansjis sapirispirod borgneul vnebas ahyves, aseTi
kaci Tavdauokeblad moqmedebs, mwvalebel wadils emorCileba,
xolo, uxeiro saqcieli - nebayoflobiTi yofila, ase rom
aRviraxsnili mwvave vnebebis Sesaferisad uvargisad moiqceva.
gamodis, igi neba - surviliT imoqmedebs, aserigad mZlavr vnebas
ayola - moqeifianebiTi moqmedebaa. abdaubdaa Tqma imisa, Tu rom
Zexorcielni aulagmavni iqnebian, isini sworad moiqceviano.
naTqvamis safuZvelze SeiZleba mogveCvenos, survilneba
susxian survilTan Tanxmieriao, Tumc qvemoT Tqmuli sapir-
ispiros gveubneba: yvelafers, rasac adamiani moqeifianebiT
qmedobs, imitom akeTebs, raTa ase moepriana, magram, roca Svreba
rac surs, mogunebebiT iqceva. aravin ar moindomebs raic cudad
miaCnia.2 TavSeukavebeli ise ar moqmedebs ragvaradac mas swadia,
1. 23a31 - 32: evenis saxels ramdenime elegiuri poeti atarebda. poeti, ritori,
sofisti eveni kunZul parosidan moxseniebulia platonis mier `sokrates
apologiaSi~ (20 b-с) da `fedraSi~ (267а). aristotelesgan moyvanil evenis
sityvebs vpoulobT Teognides elegiaSic (1, 472).
2. àravin ar moindomebs imas rac cudad miaCnia~ - Sdr. ritorika I, 1369а2:
`survili aris swrafva keTildReobisaken~.
wigni meore 47
vinaidan Tavi daiWiro imis sapirisporod, rac adamisSvils

saukveTesod uCans - swored esaa mZafri surviliT ganpirobe-
buli TavaSvebuli moqmedeba, amgvarad, gamodis, erTi da igive
kacis Svili saqmes rogorc survilnebiT, aseve iZulebiT Caidens.
es ki SeuZlebelia.
Semdeg: gawonasworebuli sworad gansakuTrebiT imJamad
moiqceva, [ra drosac mizezi eqneba] Tavawyvetilobisa. uwyin-
aroba xom - zneobriobaa, oRond zneobrioba kacxorcielebs
akeTilSobilebs. miwis Svili urisxveli imxanadaa, rodesac
gonebas ujerebs da survilis sapirispirod iqceva. amrigad,
vai Tu zustad vimoqmedebT, es nebayoflobiTi iqneba, iseve
viT arasworad Tavis daWeris SemTxvevaSi (orive dros kidevac
nebayoflobiTi moqmedebaa, amis Sedegad sapirispiroc aseve
CaiTvleba) garna, survilis sawinaaRmdegod moqceva - iZule-
biT moqmedebas niSnavs, mas Semdeg erTi da igive erTsa da imaves
gaakeTebs nebiTac da uneburadac.
es msjeloba siSmagesac mivuyenoT. namdvilad, SegviZlia `mZ-
vinvarebisagan~ Tavi SevikavoT an ar SevikavoT, iseve ranairadac
`mZafri survilisagan~ da `gaafTrebis~ sawinaaRmdegod Sors
daviWiroT - sasiamovnod ki ar daSTeba, da rodesac davSretT
mas CvenSi - es iZuleba iqneba. ese igi, ukeTu ZaldatanebiT vimo-
qmedebT, maSin Tavs uzneod daviWerT, gamodis yoveli ganrisxeba
zneobrivi darCeba. heraklite, vinac igrZno Zala mrisxanebisa,
Tu rogori mtanjvelia misi CaxSoba, ambobs: `mrisxanebis dam-
arcxeba Znelia, igi sicocxlis fasad Camoirecxeba~o.1 vincobaa
SeuZlebelia erTnairad vimoqmedoT ragvar nebiT, aseve un-
eblied, im dros moqeifianebiTi yofaqceva survilTan Tanxmieri
iqneba da ara mZafr JinTan an boboqrobasTan. amas mowmobs is,
rom Cven bevr rames vakeTebT keTili survilis mixedviT wyromisa
da Jinis gareSe.
1. heraklite, fr. DК22 B85.
48 wigni meore
gansaxilveli gvrCeba `survili” da `keTili neba~ emTxvevian

Tu ara erTmaneTs. rarig Cans esec SeuZlebelia. vvaraudobT
da vaRiarebT, cudi Tviseba mokvdavebs auaresebs, xolo Tav-
Seukavebloba aSkarad uxeiro Tvisebaa. TumcaRa [Cveni daskvna]
sapirispiroa, [TavisTvis] avi xom aravis ar swadia, magram sCadis
amas odes TavSeukavebeli xdeba. amisdamixedviT, ros uvargisad
iqceva - nebiT moqmedebs, oRond `neba~ `ndomas uTanxmdeba,~ da
raJams kaci Tavs ver Seikavebs, imJamad gamodis, Tavi ugvanod
ar uWiravs, garna TavSeukaveblobamde zedmiwevniT imoqmedebs.
es ki SeuZlebelia.
aSkaraa, `nebayofloba~ sulac ar niSnavs `Seni miswrafebis
mixedviT~ moqmedebas da ùneburoba~ - swrafvis sapirispiro
ar yofila.
VIII
amasTan [`neba - survili~] - `piradi arCevani~ sulac ar br-
Zandeba, rac TvalnaTelia Semdegidan, aki `Seni nebasurviliT~
rogoradac damtkicebulia iZuleba rodia, metic, yvela surva
- survilnebiTia (aserigad mosurvebiT moqmedeba moprianebis
gareSec SesaZlebelia, es gansakuTrebulad gamovlinda). gu-
lisTqmiT Sepyrobilebi bevr rasme naucbaTevad vakeTebT, imx-
anad, rawamsac arCevani arasodesaa naCqarevi.
ra Tqma unda `moqeifianeba~ samidan erTTan Tanxmieri iqneba
- swrafvasTan, arCevanTan anda gansjasTan da raki pirveli ori
gamovricxeT, mas Semdeg rCeba mesame, rom `keTili neba~ - ganx-
ilviT dasabuTebuli moqmedebaa. cotaTi kidev ganvagrZoT Cveni
msjeloba da `nebiTis~ da ùneburis~ Sesaxeb Zieba bolomde
miviyvanoT. raimes keTeba ìZulebiT~ an `Sexedulebis mixed-
viT~ viTar Cans mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli imasTan, razec vis-
aubreT. `Tavs moxveva~ TiTqos - nebayoflobiTi ar aris, xolo,
yvelafers ùneblies~, davaldebulebas vuwodebT, amnairad, jer
wigni meore 49
ìZulebiTi~ ganvixiloT, ras warmoadgens da `nebayoflobiTo-

basTan~ an ~unebliobasTan~ ra damokidebulebaSia igi.
miRebulia azri, ìZulebiTi~ da àucilebeli~, agreTve
`Zalauneburoba~ da àucilebloba~ `mosurvebisa~ da `rw-
munebis sapirispironi arian raime rom movimoqmedoTo~ 1.
sityva `Zaldatanebuls~ da àucilebels~ Cven aseve usulo
sagnebis mimarTac ganvavrcobT, vinaTgan kidevac vambobT, qva
aucileblobis ZaliT iZulebulia iqrolos maRla magram,
cecxlma - dablao. TumcaRa ki, roca es rameebi bunebrivad,
maTTvis damaxasiaTebeli JiniT dahqrian, maTze ar iTqmis
[amas isini sCadian] mimZlavrebiT an moqeifianebiTo, am SemTx-
vevaSi Sepirispirebas saxelwodeba ara aqvs. vinZlo es xdeba
bunebrivi miswrafebis sawinaaRmdegod, maSin Cven vityviT
rom es Zaladobaa. ase vxedavT, sulierni da cxovelebi Zal-
datanebiT ramdens iTmenen da moqmedeben, radrosac raime ga-
reSeTi sakuTar moqeifianebis sawinaaRmdegod amoZravdebian.
usulo sagnebis [mamoZravebeli] sawyisi ubraloa, sulierTa
ki mravalgvarovania, vinaTgan yovelTvis erTmaneTs Jini da
goneba ar eTanxmebian, amad sxva cocxal arsebebTan, ragvara-
dac usuloebTan, ìZulebiTi~ martivadaa, rameTu goneba da
Jini maTTan erTimeores ar upirispirdeba da isini axirebis
mixedviT cxovroben. ZexorcielSi ki oriv erTadaa [xustur-
ic da gonebac], anu garkveul asakSi romelsac qmedunarian
wlovanebas vuwodebT. raxan verc bavSvze da vercaRa mxecze
ver vityviT - ìgi moqmedebso~, aramed mxolod imaze vinc
msjelobs da nabijebsac Sesabamisad adgams.
ase fiqroben, yvelaferi rac iZulebiTia, satanjvelia da
amgvarad Zaladoba aravis ar uxaria. amisTvis kamaToben bevrs
1. 24аI3 - 15: Zaladobis dapirispirebas (βία – iZuleba) da darwmunebas (πειθώ)

vxvdebiT platonis `saxelmwifoSi~ VIII, 548b6 - 7 da sxva.
50 wigni meore
TavSekavebasa da TavSeukaveblobaze,1 xom TviTeuli maTgani

sakuTar aRtkinebaTa sapirispirod iqceva. momTmenni Tavs ai-
Zuleben yuradReba sxva rameze gadaitanon da mZafri surviliT
tkbobaze uari ganacxadon, es diaRac maTTvis mtkivneulia, im
dros rodesac ltolva sxva mxares ewevaT, TavSeukavebeli ki
iZulebiT gonebis sapirispirod [moqmedebs], oRond rogorc
Cans naklebad martvilobs da siamis Zalum vnebas sixaruliT
emorCileba, gamodis, savaraudod TavSeukavebeli bevrwilad
nebayoflobiT da Zaldautaneblad iqceva, raki ar itanjeba.
mrwamsi Zaldatanebis da aucileblobis sapirispiroa. TavSe-
kavebuli iqeTken midis, raSic man darwmuneba moaswro da gzas
Zaldautaneblad, mosurvebiT ganvlis, imJamad, odes mZafri Jini
Tavisken eweva da winaswar ar arwmunebs, rakiRa ganxilvasTan
TanaSeuziarebelia.
amrigad, Cven vTqviT, TavSekavebuli da TavSeukavebeli viT
Cans martoden daZalebiT moqmedeben da amis gamomwvev mizezzec,
raTa - es mimZlavreba raRaciT Cvens laparaks emgvaneba, ros
usulo sagnebs vexebiT. Tumca, Tu rom vivaraudebT imas, rac
gansazRvrebaSia, imxanad Tqmuli aq Zalas dakargavs. namdvilad,
raJams sagani sakuTar aRtkinebis miuxedavad moqmedebs an raRac
Sinagani ZaliT simSvide boWavs, mas Semdeg Cven ìZulebiTs~
vambobT, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi - `Zaladautanebels~. TavSeka-
vebulsac da TavSeukavebelsac sakuTari aRtkineba gaitacebs,
viTarmed igi orTaves mpyrobelia, Sesabamisad arc erTi da
1. iZulebiTis nebayoflobiTTan da uneburTan urTierTobis sakiTxis dayenebi-

sas (24аI2 - IЗ), aristotele TavSkavebul da TavSeukavebel adamianebis qcevebs
aanalizebs: Tavdapirvelad igi danaskvebs eyrdnoba, mamtkicebelT, rom es
qceva iZulebiTia (l224а32 - b5), Tumca imav Jams uaryofs maT, aRniSnavs, rom
iZulebaze laparaki imJamadaa SesaZlebeli, roca adamianis moqmedebis saTave
Tavad adamianSi ar aris, maSin, rodesac TavSekavebulis da TavSeukaveblis
qcevis impulsi Tavad maTSia, Sesabamisad orive nebayoflobiT moqmedebs.
(1 224b - 11; b3 - 28).
wigni meore 51
arc meore iZulebiT ar iqceva, mainc nebayoflobiT moqmedeben

da ara Zalauneburad. ZalisZalobiTs Cven xom garegan sawyiss
vuwodebT, romelsac an moqmedebaSi mohyavs sagani, anda mas sa-
kuTar aRtkinebis sawinaaRmdegod akavebs, imis msgavsad, vinmem
vinmes xelSi xeli rom ZaliT Cahkidos da am meoris survilis
sapirispirod viRac mesames daartyas; vai Tu sawyisi SigniT
arsebobs, Zaladoba aRar iqneba.
agreTve kmayofileba da mowameoba orivesTvisaa damaxasiaTe-
beli. TavSemkavebeli Tavs itanjavs, rawamsac igi Jins upirisp-
irdeba, garna igiv savsea sixaruliT da kmayofilebiT, radgan
sargebelis momavalSi miReba eimedeba an ukve eufleba, radganac
janmrTelobas inarCunebs; TavSeukavebelic xarobs roca ar
Trgunavs survils da epatroneba imas, rac mZafrad swadia, xolo
wuxs, raki sasjels elis, acnobierebs ra esden cudad iqceva.
gvaqvs safuZveli vamtkicoT, orive maTgani iZulebiT moqmedebs;1
aki orTaves Tavi ase uneburad uWiravs: erTs - Jinis mizeziT,
meores - gansjis sababiT. es orive [Zala arsebobs maTSi] cal -
calke da urTierTis uarmyofeli. sulis erT nawilSi SeamCneven
mas adamianebi da mTel suls mosdeben xolme. dasaSvebia ase
laparaki sulis calkeul naWrebis mimarT, Tumc mTlianobaSi
suli ranairadac TavSeukaveblis, agreTve TavSekavebulisac
ase Tavi nebayoflobiT uWiravs da arcerTi maTgani ar iqceva
iZulebiT, magram maTSi arsebulidan raRac aseTi znisaa, Cven
TiTqos bunebisagan erTica da meorec Tandayolili gvaqvs.
gonebac bunebisgan gveboZa. radResac adamisSvili norm-
aluri da dausaxiCrebeli daibadeba, mas [goneba] eqneba, aseve
1. 24b 1 - 36: ukuagdebs ra sayoveldReo azrs TavSekavebulisa da TavSeukavebe-

lis moqmedebis iZulebiTobaze, aristotele Tavis mosazrebas am argumentiT
amyarebs, rom suli urRvevia (őλεν ψυχήν) xolo goneba (λόγος) da mZafri Jini
adamians bunebisgan eZleva. ufro dawvrilebiT sulis mTlianobaze aristotele
msjelobs TxzulebaSi `sulis Sesaxeb~ I, 411а30 - b7.
52 wigni meore
niSandoblivia mZafri Jinic, radganac igi Tan gvdevs mTeli

cxovrebis manZilze da mudam CvenSi imyofeba. marTlac am oriT
gveqmneba [warmodgena] `bunebis Sesaxeb~: miT, rac gaCenidan yve-
las Tanmdevia da imiT, raic aucileblad modis CvenTan, ukeTu
dabadeba normalurad Caivlis, nimuSad, WaRara, sibere da sxva
danarCeni. amrigad, TiToeuli maTgani bunebis mixedviT rodi
moqmedebs, da saerTod Tu vityviT - masTan TanxmobiT, oRond,
ara erTi da imav gagebiT. aseTi sirTuleebia `TavSekavebulis~
da `TavSeukavebelis~ garSemo: orTav iZulebiT iqceva vincobaa
erTi romelime maTgani, ise rom, moqmedeben uneburad, Tu erT-
droulad ZaladobiT da nebiTac, garna vinZlo `ZaldatanebiTi~
ùneblies~ niSnavs, maSin isini dgamen an iqneb ara nabijebs
Tanadroulad ragvar `daZalebiT~ aseve `Zaldautaneblad~. Cvens
mier zemoT TqmuliT daaxloebiT cxadia Tu rom es sakiTxebi
ra gziT unda gadavwyvitoT.
imis Sesaxeb, `daZalebiT~ kacis Svilni àucileblobis~
ZaliT iqceviano, sxva garemoebebSic laparakoben, rodesac
`Jinsa~ da `gonebas~ Soris uTanxmoeba ar aris,1 TumcaRa akeTeben
imas, rasac Tavadve usiamovnod da urigod miiCneven, winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi maT cema, borkili da sikvdili emuqrebaT. isini
gveubnebian, iZulebulni iyvnen ase emoqmedaTo. viTom? iqneb
survilnebiT swored is (saZulveli) akeTes? diaRac, SeiZleboda
es ar CaedinaT da zemoT CamoTvlili tanjvani aetanaT.
da kidev, SesaZloa Tqvas kacma, am qcevaTagan zogi neba -
survilisaa da zogic arao. kacxorcielzea damokidebuli ase
Tu ise moiqces an ar moiqces, im dros misi moqmedebani, Tundac
survilis sapirispironi, yovelTvis nebayoflobiTni iqnebian
da arasodes uneburni, vai Tu [igi imas akeTebs] rac misgan ar
1. 25а3: adamianSi ori sawyisis Sesaxeb, romelnic mas marTaven da xandaxan

Tanxmiernic arian, xanac uTanxmoebaSi, sokrate platonis `fedraSi~ ganixi-
lavs 237d - e.
wigni meore 53
aris gamowveuli, imJamad TiTqos iZulebiT iqceva, xolo, ara

pirdapiri gagebiT, vinaidan upiratesobas aZlevs ara imas,
ukeTu ras Svreba, TumcaRa ki imas, Tu ratom akeTebs, zustad
aq aris erTgvari sxvaoba. marTlac, vai Tu vinmem viRac moklas,
imitom rom eSinia misi da Tqvas, gauTvaliswineblad, winaswar
ganuzraxvelad movgudeo, yvelas gaecineba, vincobaa amasac
daayolebs - iZulebiT vmoqmedebdio. ara, [ziani] gacilebiT
saSiSi da mtanjveli unda iyos, im mizniT, romelime daarwmuno,
TiTqos [danaSauli] ar yofila. misi saqcieli aucileblobiT
iqneba ganpirobebuli magram nebayoflobiTac, iZulebis gar-
eSe, an ukidures SemTxvevaSi bunebasTan SeuTanxmeblad, vinc
borotebas sikeTisaTvis Caidens, didi siavkacisaTvis Tavis
asarideblad, mosurvebiT ar imoqmedebs, raki garemoebani masze
damokidebuli ar arian.
amis gamo ambobs umravlesoba, siyvaruli ar gaxlavs mo-
qeifianebiTi movlenao,1 iseve rarig zogierTi [aRtkineba],
mZvinvareba da Zaldautanebeli qcevani, vinaTgan isini Zlierni
brZandebian da bunebas Zleveno. aq Cven lmobierni varT, raki,
gagebiT vekidebiT, raTa aseT SemTxvevebSi bunebrivia esden
buneba Zaldatanebis msxverpli iyos. iZulebiT da uneburad ki
mitom moqmedeben, surT ara Znelad SesamCnevs gaeqcnen, da bolos
Zlier tkivils da saerTod, rom ar itanjon da ara imad raTa imx-
iarulon. marTlac, `raic adamians ZaluZs~ (yvelafers aqeT mi-
vyavarT), niSnavs - ìmas, ris atanac mis bunebas SeuZlia~, oRond,
miwis Svils SeuZlebeli da misi araxelovnuri miswrafebisaTvis
Tu gonebisaTvis ucxo – ar ZaluZs. ase zeSTagonebiT Sepyrobil
winaswarmetyvelebze Cven ar vlaparakobT, maT SeuZliaT imu-
saifon an akeTon is, rasac isini winaswarmetyvelebis dros sja
- baasoben da qmedobeno, Tumca maTSi goneba muSaobs. igive exeba
1. siyvarulze, rogorc dauZlevel, mimzidvel Zalaze saubaria platonis

`fedraSi~. 238b - с4.
54 wigni meore
imaTac, romelnic TavianTi mZafri JiniT gatacebulan, zemoT

motanil fiqrTa da gansjaTa Sesatyvis grZnobebiT da qcevebiT
gamowveuli romeliRac fiqrebi da moZraobebi Cven Zalebs aR-
matebulan, garna rogoradac filolaosma1 Tqva: Cvenze Zlieri
argumentebic arseboben! - o. amisdamixedviT, Tu `nebayoflo-
biTi~ da ùneburi~ ìZulebasTan~ mimarTebiT unda gangvexila,
de es gansazRvrebac ZalaSi darCes, rameTu `nebayoflobiTis~
[gansazRvrebas] xels is ambavi uSlis, rom mokvdavni TiTqos
iZulebiT oRond nebasurviliT moqmedeben.
IX
[Cveni msjeloba] dasasruls uaxlovdeba, arc cneba `swraf-
vis~, arca [cneba] àrCevanis~ SemTxvevaSi `survilneba~ ar gan-
isazRvra. gvrCeba erTi, saWiroa igi `ganxilvasTan mimarTebiT~
gamovarkvioT. `neba~ viTar Cans ùneburTan~ Sepirispirebulia,
da saqcieli, romelic Caidina iman, vinc icis - visze, ris meS-
veobiT da ratomaa mimarTuli misi moqmedeba, im saqmis viTarebas
upirispirdeba, romelic vinmesadmi ucodinrobiT Sesruldeba,
raimes meSveobiT da saxeldobr, vinZlo ra keTdeba [da srul-
deba] umecrebiT da ara SemTxveviT. ase icodnen, is mama iyo da
misi mokvla ki ar undodaT, aramed gadarCena ewadaT, ragvara-
dac es peliadebma2 gaakeTes, an [uwyodnen] is sasmeli iyo da
[ifiqres] rom es [sasiyvarulo] sasmidiao, anda Rvino, xolo,
Sxami ki gamodga. namoqmedari Cadenili ucodinrobiT imisa –
Tu rom ra keTdeba, ris meSveobiT da vis mimarT, - unebliea da
mis sapirispirod - nebayofloba gvevlineba. Tqven amis Semdgom
1. filolaosi – piTagoras skolis filosofosi, sokrates Tanamedrove. ix.

d. k. 44 В 16.
2. peliadebi – mefe pelias qaliSvilebi; miTis Tanaxmad medeas waqezebiT maT
mama dakles da qvabSi moxarSes, imedi hqondaT rom igi mkvdreTiT gaaxalgaz-
rdavebuli aRsdgeboda.
wigni meore 55
naxavT, odes kaci ase Tu ise iqceva, rogoradac mas SeuZlia ar

moiqces, da Tavi amnairad ucodinrobiT rodi uWiravs, mainc sa-
kuTari mizeziT, imxanad igi ueWvelad moqeifianebiT imoqmedebs,
namdvilad esaa `nebayoflobiToba~. magram, ros uvic da ubir
nabijebs dgams, misi yofaqceva uneburia. imad, rom `SegeZlos~s
da ìcode~s ori mniSvneloba aqvs: `flobde codnas~ da ìyenebde
codnas~. Zexorciels, `mcodnes~, roemlic sacnaurobas ar moix-
mars, erT SemTxvevaSi marTebuli iqneba ùvici~ vuwodoT, sxva
ambavSi ki - umarTebuloa, magaliTad, ukeTu ar sargeblobs igi
Tavis cnobiT udardelobisa da daudevrobis mizeziT. zustad
aseve daarqmeven ùswavlels~, imas, vinac simSvidesa da gulgri-
lobas miecema, tkbobas an mwuxarebas, advili da aucilebeli
[codniT] ar aRiWurveba. gansazRvrebas ai es unda davumatoT.
amgvaradve, rac Seexeba `nebayoflobiTs~ da ùneburs~ Cvens
mier motanili ganmartebebi ZalaSi davtovoT.
X
axla àrCevanze~ vilaparakoT da daviwyoT im sirTuleebiT,
romelnic masTan dakavSirebiT warmoiSvebian. SeiZleba kidevac
gavcbundeT, bunebiT romel gvars ganekuTvneba igi da romels
unda mivakuTvnoT, erTi da igivea `survilnebiTi~ da `ganzraxu-
li~ Tu erTsa da imaves ar niSnavs. zogierTi daJinebiT amtkicebs
da erTi SexedviTac mogeCveneba, arCevani - oridan erTia: an azri,
an ltolva, raxan udavod orTave arCevanis Tanmxlebia.
arCevani rom ltolva ar aris - aSkaraa, sxvafriv survils,
mZafr ndomas, anda gaSmagebul aRtkinebas daemTxveoda, aki ara-
vin iqneba moculi ltolviT, Tu ar ganucdia. Jini da mZlavri
agznebuloba cxovelebisTvisacaa niSneuli, oRond, arCevani
nuras ukacravad, da kidev: iginic ki, visTvisacaa damaxasiaTe-
beli, borgneuli agulianebisa da Zlieri mowadinebis gareSe bevr
rasme irCeven. vincobaa isini vnebas gulSi Caukravs, mas Semdeg
56 wigni meore
ar irCeven, aramed jiutoben. amrigad: susxiani aRtkineba da dau-

zogveli gulisTqma yovelTvis mousvenrobasTanaa dakavSirebuli,
maSin, rodesac bevr rasme SfoTvis gareSec virCevT. sxva mxriv
ndoma da arCevanic erTmaneTs ar emTxveva. marTlac, adamianebs
xSirad iseTi ram swadiaT, raic aSkarad SeuZlebelia, sityvaze,
- msoflio mbrZanebloba an ukvdaveba, amasTan aravin irCevs imas,
rac icis rom SeuZlebelia an, sulac, Tumc SesaZlebelia, xolo,
rogorc Tavad fiqrobs, misi Sesruleba-Seusrulebloba mis
Zalebs aRemateba. cxadia, `winaswarganzraxuli~ uciloblad im
rameebs ganekuTvneba, rac adamisSvilzea damokidebuli.
marTlac ase, saCinoa [arCevani] azrsa da arc, Tuki ubralod
vityviT, vinmes raimeze fiqrs ar niSnavs. `ganzraxva~ viT
vuCveneT kacis Svils daqvemdebarebulTa rameebis ricxvSia,
azri ki Cvengan damoukidebel bevr rameze gagvaCnia, magaliTad
maszed, rom diagonali Tanazomadia.1 Semdgom: WeSmariti an
tyuili arCevani ar arsebobs, ranairadac warmodgena im rameebze,
romelnic Cven ZalgviZs ganvaxorcieloT, rawamsac vWoWmanobT
movimoqmedoT raime vinZlo ar movimoqmedoT. aq iyris Tavs is
saerTo, azrsa da survils Soris romaa. namdvilad, mizans aravin
ar irCevs, dabolos [mxolod] saSualebas miznis misaRwevad.2 me
imaze vlaparakob, vTqvaT, aravin irCevs - `janmrTelobas~ magram,
uavadobisTvis [irCevs] iseirnos Tu adgilze ijdes da [arc vinme
ar akeTebs arCevans - ] `gabednierdes~, oRond rom iyos bednieri
[amjobinebs] gamdidrdes Tu rom Tavi safrTxeSi Caigdos da saer-
Tod, arCevani gviCvenebs vai Tu ra ujobs Zexorciels da ratom:
`risTvis~ - es is `sxvaa~, ra mizniTac arCeven, garna `kerZod ra~
- is gaxlavT, razec arCevani keTdeba am `sxvisaTvis~. ai, survili
1. `Tanazomieri diagonali~ - nagulisxmebia samkuTxedis gverdebTan aris

Tanazomierio.
2. sakiTxi sabolao mizanze da saSualebebze dawvrilebiTaa ganxiluli pla-
tonis mier `gorgiaSi~ 467с- 68b
wigni meore 57
ki ZiriTadad miznisken mieqaneba da adamians mxedvelobaSi aqvs

rom janmrTeli da warmatebuli unda iyos. [arCevani] ragvar
aqedan aSkaravdeba, azrisagan da survilisagan gansxvavebulia.
ndoma da azri umTavresad geziania, arCevani - ara.
aserigad, cxadia: arCevani ar aris ubralod ndoma, azri an
varaudi. riT gansxvavdeba igi maTgan da `nebayoflobiTTan~ ra
TanafardobaSia? [am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis Sedegad gamoaS-
karavdeba] ukeTu TavisTavad arCevani ras warmoadgens. [rarig
cnobilia] rameebi, romelTac SeuZliaT, anda ar SeuZliaT ar-
seboba, amgvarni gaxlavan, esden zogierTTa Sesaxeb msjeloba
SeiZleba da romelimeze _ ar SeiZleba.1 namdvilad, zogi maTgani
SesaZloa iyos an ar iyos, Cven xelT ar aris maTi warmoSoba, isini
bunebisagan warmoiqmnebian, [bunebrivad] an sxva mizezebiT,2 aseTe-
bze TaTbirs aravin gamarTavs, aramed mxolod ucodinrobiT.
xolo, roca rameebs SeuZliaT iyvnen da arc iyvnen, miuxedavad
amisa maT Sesaxeb xalxs ZaluZs imsjelos da ibWos, maTTvis xor-
cis Sesxma Tu arganxorcieleba Cvenzea damokidebuli. am mizeziT
ar viRebT gadawyvetilebas indoeTSi momxdar ambebze an imaze
vincobaa wre kvadratad rogor gardavsaxoT, rakiRa pirveli
CveniT ar gamowveula, magram, meore saerTod SeuZlebelia. rac
ZalgviZs SevasruloT, yvelaferze rodi vTaTbirobT, amis gamo
cxadia, arCevani ubralod garCevisa ar brZandeba. Segnebulad
arCeulni da ganxorcielebadni Cvenze damokidebulTa ricxvSi
Sedian. aq SeiZleba gamaognebeli kiTxva gaCndes, TavianT moZ-
RvrebaSi gaTviTcnobierebuli eqimebi ratom ganixilaven da
bWoben saeqimo ambebze im dros, radrosac gramatikosebi amas
ar akeTeben. mizezi isaa, arsebobs Secdoma ori gvarisa: Cven
1. maszed rom zogierT rameze SeiZleba moviTaTbiroT da zogierTze – ar aris

mizanSewonili, agreTve ix. `ritorikaSi~ I. 1357al - 7.
2. `sxva mizezebiT~ - nagulisxmevia `SemTxvevis ZaliT~, àucileblobiT ga-
mowveuli~, Sdr. `ritorika~ I, 1359а30 - 32.
58 wigni meore
gveSleba an imJamad rodesac raimes sabolaod vaskvniT, an odes

mas vnebian moqmedebis dros vaxorcielebT. saeqimo xelovnebaSi
orive saxis uTavgzuroba dasaSvebia, gramatikaSi ki [Secdoma
SeiZleba mogvivides] mxolod grZnobad moqmedebisas da Tuki
mis gamokvlevas SeudgebiT, amas bolo ar eqneba.
amrigad, viTarmed arCevani arc azrTan da arc survilTan
igivi ar aris, arcara romelimesTan cal - calke da arcaRa
orivesTan erTad, arCevani xom moulodnelad ar warmoiSveba,
fiqri an moqmedebis survili [uecrad ibadeba], anu orives
Tvisebas [igi Tavis TavSi aerTianebs], swored imitom, rom isini
niSandoblivni gaxlavan imisTvis, vinc irCevs.
ki, oRond, gamovarkvioT igini masSi rogor [Tavsdebian].
raRac doziT amas Tavad saxelwodeba gviCvenebs. àrCeva~
àRebas~ niSnavs, garna ara ubralod [aRebas, mainc raimesTvis
upiratesobis miniWebas] raimes winaSe, rac gamokvlevis da
TaTbiris gareSe SeuZlebelia, amis Sedegad arCevani azris da
bWobis TanxlebiT warmoiSveba. ganixileba ara bolo mizani, igi
yvelas winaSea dayenebuli, aramed is rasac masTan mivyavarT, an
es, an is, Tuki es gadawyvetilia, maS ra saSualebiT unda ganvax-
orcieloT. ar SevwyvetT yvelafris ganxilvas manam, vidre am
rameebis pirvelwyaroebi Tavad ar aRmovCndebiT. moumzadeblad
da uTaTbirod aravin arafers ar irCevs, Tu ra aris kargi da ra
cudi im rameebidan romelTac miznisken mivyavarT, ganixilebian
Cvenze damokidebulnic da agreTve romelTac SeuZliaT iyvnen an
ar iyvnen, maS ase, cxadia arCevans - sja - baasTan da adamianebis
rameebisken miswrafebasTan aqvs saerTo. Cven yvelani vmsjelobT
imaze rasac virCevT, TumcaRa, razec vTaTbirobT, yvelafers
rodi vamjobinebT. vlaparakobT ra èrToblivsa da ganxilvaze~
[mxedvelobaSi maqvs is SemTxveva, ros] vaziroba saTavea da
mizezia [miswrafebisa] da miiltvis momakvdavi radgan moifiqra.
amitom, sxva cocxal arsebebs arCevanis unari ar aqvs, ad-
amisSvilisTvis marTalia [misawvdomia], xolo yovel asakSi da
ragindara mdgomareobaSi ar moepoveba Sno moTaTbirebisa da
wigni meore 59
gagebisa, ris meSveobiTac [saqme keTdeba]. mokled, araferi ar

uSlis xels umravlesobas Tavisi azri hqondes masze, gaakeTos
Tu ara saqme, TumcaRa ki es msjelobaze damyarebuli argumenti
ar aris. sulis bWobis Tavgzianoba, esaa unari raimes sababis
ganWvretisa, rameTu `risTvis~ erT - erTi mizezTagani gax-
lavT.1 mizezia - `ris ZaliT~, radganac, vinZlo ram raime mizniT
warmoiSveba da arsebobs, Cven mas `sababs~2 vuwodebT, nimuSad
siarulis [mizezi] - fulis miRebaa [mevalisagan] - vincobaa kaci
gzas amisTvis daadgeba. ese igi, ukeTu vinmes ara aqvs dasaxuli
mizani, ver imsjelebs. amrigad: vinaidan kacis Svili akeTebs imas
rac mas unda an ar exaliseba, anda ar iqms amas Tavisi nebiT da
ara umecrebiT, nebayoflobiT moqmedebs. Cven bervjer viqce-
viT ase, winaswar moufiqreblad da mouTaTbireblad, gamodis,
yvelaferi, raic windawinaa ganzraxuli, nebayoflobiTia. mo-
qeifianeba ki _ Tavis mxriv, [yovelTvis] ar aris winaswarganz-
raxva, yoveli windawinganzraxuli moqmedebani nebayoflobiTia,
nebayoflobiTni ki _ mudam ar gaxlavan windawinganzraxulni.3
naTqvamidan agreTve cxadia, kanonmdeblebi marTalni brZandebian,
raJams movlenas nebayoflobiTad, uneburad Tu mowadinebulad
anawevreben, de, bolomde zustni numc iqnebian, Tu rom raRac
doziT isini WeSmaritebas ixelTeben. amis Sesaxeb vilaparakebT,
rawamsac samarTlian moqcevebs4 gamovikvlevT. gaazrebuli
1. èrTi mizezTagani~ - moZRvreba oTxi mizezis Sesaxeb aristoteles detalu-

rad aqvs gadmocemuli `fizikaSi~ II, 194b4 - 35 da `metafizikaSi~ I, 983а24 - 33.
2. aristoteles aq mohyavs gansxvaveba warmoSobis mizezisa, romlis daxmareb-
iTac raime warmoiqmneba (τὸ διά τί αἰτία) da sababis mizezs, miznis mizezs Soris,
risTvisac raime keTdeba (ευ̑ ε̆νεκά ὲστιν τί, τοῦτ’ αῐτιον).
3. 26b4 - 36: amtkicebs ra, rom nebayoflobiTis mcneba ufro sazogadoa vidre
mizanmimarTulisa aristotele me 10 e Tavis dasawyisSi dasmul nebayoflobiTi
da ganzraxuli (arCevanis) Sesaxeb kiTxvas pasuxobs (l225b20 da 26aI9).
4. àmis Sesaxeb vilaparakebT~ - ix. : e. e. IV (= e. n. v.), 1134a25 - 36a9.
60 wigni meore
arCevani rogoradac ukve gavarkvieT Tavis mxriv TavisTavad arc

azrs da arca miswrafebas ar emTxveva, magram azri da miswrafeba
erTadaa da ganxilvis Semdeg isini moqmedebaSi erTiandebian.
yovelTvis, roca mofiqrali gulSi Cqurobs, igi [uax-
loes] ganzraxvas xedavs da ocnebobs, raa misTvis Sesaferisi.
sabolao mizans aravin ar ganixilavs, is dasabamia da ZiriTadi
winamZRvari, viTar winapirobebi Teoriul mecnierebebSi (maT
Sesaxeb mokled dasawyisSi1 da dawvrilebiT ànalitikebSi~).
rac Seexeba sabolao miznisken mimarTul saSualebebs, kvlevas
xandaxan yvela saqmis codniT warmarTavs, zogjer ara,2 raki,
radrosac arCeven iomon Tu ar iomon, imxanad umetnaklebod
amas [ganixilaven]. Tumca dasawyisSi Cndeba kiTxva: `rad~ ufro
swored `risi gulisTvis~; aq iseTi rameebi igulisxmeba, rog-
orebicaa simdidre, gancxroma da ase Semdeg, risTvisac [saqmis
warmoeba] gviwevs. vai Tu sagani sabolao miznis misaRwevad ga-
nixileba, moTaTbire garCevas iwyebs, ra aris misken mimarTuli
rom miswvdes da daeuflos, an Tavad [ra SeuZlia gaakeTos] raTa
sabolao mizanma lelo gaitanos.
ganzraxvis bolo Tavisi bunebiT yovelTvis sikeTea, da zus-
tad is aqvT mxedvelobaSi, rodesac patiosnebaze laparakoben;
magaliTad, eqims SeuZlia ganixilos, misces an ar dauniSnos
wamali, oRond polkis meTaurs - sad dasces banaki; maTTvis
saboloo miznis sikeTe pirdapiri gagebiT saukveTesoa. garna,
sadac buneba dasaxiCrebulia, iq mizani keTildReoba ki ar, ar-
amed moCvenebiTi svesvianobaa. saqme isaa, sxva rameebis gamoyeneba
dasaSvebia mxolod im miznisken swrafvisas, romlisTvisac isini
bunebam gaaCina, magaliTad xedva, vinaTgan SeuZlebelia danaxva
1. `dasawyisSi~ - ix. e. e. 1. 2. ànalitikebSi~ - ix. `meore analitika~. 1, 2.

2. 27а12: dapirispirebas imisa, ra keTdeba saqmis codniT da ucodnelad vxvdeb-
iT platonis `gorgiaSi~, sadac eqimobis xelovneba kulinariasTan rogorc
martiv gawafulobasTanaa Sepirispirebuli (500е4 - 50 I bI).
wigni meore 61
imisa rasac Tvali ar Seevleba da warmoudgenelia gagoneba imisa,

rac yurs ar miswvdeba. amasTan, SeiZleba mecniereba iq movimar-
jvoT, sadac misi gamoyeneba uadgiloa. xom erTi da igive ar aris
imav mecnierebis meSveobiT sneuleba ganvkurnoT an gamoviwvioT:
pirvel SemTxvevaSi es bunebrivia, meoreSi - bunebis sawinaaR-
mdegoa. amis msgavsad arsebobs bunebrivi survili sikeTisa da
arabunebrivi - borotebisa da bunebis sadar kacxorciels sikeTe
swadia, xolo, odes mas bunebis sapirispiro agonjebs - boroteba.
da kidev erTi: yoveli raime imsxvreva Tu saxiCrdeba, [ga-
dainacvlebs] ara ragindara saganSi,1 Tumca sawinaaRmdegoSi
an SuanaSi. amis gverdis avla SeuZlebelia. Secdenac TiTqos
gadaxraa - oRond nebismier raimeSi ki ara, garna sapirispiroSi,
iq sadac winaRobebia da iseT winaaRmdegobebSi, mecnierebas-
Tan Tanxmobas rom upirispirdebian. ese igi, mxaris moqceva da
arCevani [gzad] Sualedidan sapirispiroebisaken xdeba, magram,
Sualedis sawinaaRmdegoni metni an naklebni gaxlavan. amis mizezi
siamovnebaa an tanjvaa, rameTu, amgvarad, raxan sulisTvis keTil-
dReoba sasiamovnoa, oRond, friadi keTildReoba - didi sikeTea,
uamuri – ukeTureba iqneba, xolo, erTob uamuroba - udidesi
boroteba. Sesabamisad cxadia, saTnoeba da zadi siamovnebasTan
da tanjvasTan SerTulan, rakiRa isini gaazrebul arCevanTa rigs
ganekuTvnebian, arCevani ki sikeTisa da borotebisakenaa mimar-
Tuli da kidev imaTken, romelnic aseTebaT gveCvenebian, magram,
siamovneba da tanjva swored amgvarebi brZandebian.
amnairad, viTarmed zneobrivi saTnoeba TavisTavad raRac
Suaa da yovelTvis siamovnebasTan da tanjvasTanaa SekavSire-
buli, magram zadi Tavs moWarbebasTan da daklebasTan iCens da
isic siamovnebasa da tanjvasTanaa Serwymuli, rasTanac qveloba,
gamodis, zneobrivi saxiereba uciloblad medegi mdgomareoba
unda iyos, romelis gverdiTac aRirCeva is, raic CvenTvis
1. 27аЗI-З5: aq aristotele `fizikaSi~ gamoTqmul azrs imeorebs. I, 188b - 14.
62 wigni meore
siamovnebasa da tanjvas Soris myof Sualeds warmoadgens, ros

sixarulis an mwuxarebis gamoisobiT bunebis mefeze ityvian ìs
aseTi znisaa, tkbilis an mwaris moyvarulze ar brZaneben `mas
aseTi xasiaTi aqvso.~
XI
axla, raJams mocemuli gvaqvs es gansazRvrebani, imaze
visaubrebT, zneobrioba irCevs Seucdomlad da namdvil mizans
saxavs, radgan gamorCeul iqnas Rirseuli sagani, Tu ragvara-
dac vieTni fiqroben,1 amas Wkua akeTebs. amas TavSekavebuloba
Svreba, radganac is gonebas dauzianeblad inaxavs. zneobrioba da
moTmena - sxvadasxva ramaa. maTze Semdeg vilaparakebT,2 vinaidan
zogierTTa azriT3 saTnoebas saR azramde mivyavarT da sabuTi maT
aseTi aqvT: `TavdaWeriloba zedmiwevniT amgvaria da igi saqeb
rameebs ganekuTvnebao.~ Cveni ganxilva winaswari aporiebiT da-
viwyoT.~ mizani4 SeiZleba zusti iyos, oRond misken savali gza
- mcdari; gezi SeiZleba mcdari iyos, garna, misken savali gza -
Seumcdari; erTis da meoris umarTebulobac SesaZlebelia. ras
qmnis saTnoeba: sabolao mizans Tu misi miRwevis saSualebebs?
Cven vfiqrobT - mizans, raki masze daskvnas ar akeTeben da arc
1. `vieTni fiqroben~ - igulisxmebian sokrate da misi mimdevrebi.

2. `Semdeg vilaparakebT~ - e. e. _ IV Si (=Е.н’ VII), 1145alS - 1152аЗ6. aristotele
detalurad ganixilavs TavSekavebasa da TavSeukaveblobas, maT ar aigivebs
saTnoebasTan da biwierebasTan magram warmomavlobiT arc upirispirebs erT-
maneTs; `topikebi~ IV, 125b0 - 27 saTnoebad Jinis uqonlobaa miCneuli, xolo,
TavSekavebad - unari Jinis moTokvisa.
3. `zogierTTa azriT~ - aristoteles imaTi argumenti mohyavs, vinac TavdaW-
erilobas zneobriobasTan aigivebs da safanlad asaxelebs rom zneobriobas
da TavSekavebulobas saerTo Tvisebebi aqvTo, radganac TavdaWeriloba, iseve
rogorc saTnoeba jansaRi msjelobiT sargeblobs da qebas imsaxurebso.
4. 27bI9 - 22: mizansa da saSualebebze aristotele ufro dawvrilebiT `poli-
tikaSi~ msjelobs. VII, lЗЗlb6 - З8.
wigni meore 63
gaarCeven, xolo is navaraudebi unda iqnes rogorc dasabami.

aki eqimi ar ikvlevs, saWiroa janmrTeloba Tu ara, magram
aucilebelia rom Cven viseirnoT, tanvarjiSis maswavlebeli ar
gamoiZiebs, uTuoa Tu ara kargi ganwyobileba, TumcaRa saWiroa
viWidaoT. sxva zogierTi xelovnebanic ar arian dakavebulni
sabolao ganzraxvaze fiqriT. viT Teoriul mecnierebebSi wi-
napirobebi - dasawyisia, aseve praqtikaSic mizani dasabamia da
winapirobaa. `vinaTgan es vinme an rame janmrTeli unda iyos, mas
Semdeg, xams, moxdes is raRac, ùkeTu saxezea pirveli piroba~
msgavsi imisa `vincobaa samkuTxedi aris ori marTi, maSin isic
unda iyos.~ maSasadame azrovnebisTvis Turme amosavali - sab-
oloo mizani, garna moqmedebisTvis - Canafiqris ganxorcieleba
yofila.
aserigad, Tu goneba da saTnoeba mizezni gaxlavan yoveli sis-
worisa da Tuki Wkuas gamovricxavT, im dros qvelobis meSveobiT
saboloo mizani zusti iqneba,1 xolo, araviTar SemTxvevaSi sa-
Sualeba miznisaken. ganzraxva - isaa, risTvisac [raRac keTdeba],
xom yoveli arCevani ramesi da raimesTvis [gamorCevaa]. magram
`raimesTvis~ - es `saSualoa~, misi mizezi saTnoebaa, arCevani
raimesTvis. Tumc upiratesobis miniWeba - miznis [arCeva] rodia,
aramed ganzraxulobisaken savali gzisa. oRond, povna imisa rac
gvmarTebs ganvaxorcieloT - es ukve sxva unaris2 sazrunavia.
saTnoeba imis mizezad gvevlineba rom sabolao mizani arCevanisa
namdvilia. marTlac amisTvis vmsjelobT miwis Svilze, vinZlo
rogoria is, imis da mixedviT rafer arCevansac akeTebs igi. aq
1. ganacxadebs ra, rom sabolao mizani saTnoebis Sedegadaa marTebuli, aristo-

tele pasuxs cems kiTxvas romelic 227bI2 - 15 и b22 - 2З - Si dasva.
2. `sxva unarebi~ _ dawvriilebiT am unaris Sesaxeb ix.: Е.Е. V (= Е.н’ VI), 1144a20
- 29. unars, miznis misaRwevad yvelaferi moimoqmedo, aristotele δεινότες
(gamomgoneblobas) uwodebs da am Tvisebas maRali niSniT afasebs, roca mizani
mSvenieria, xolo, Tuki gezi samarcxvinoa, gamomgonebloba moxerxebulobad
(πανουργία) iqceva.
64 wigni meore
nagulsxmebia Tu rom `risTvis moqmedebs~, da ara imis mixedviT

`ras asrulebs~. aseve `biwiereba~ urTierTsawinaaRmdego ra-
meebs Soris gansxvavebis danaxvas gvaiZulebs. Tuki mokvdavzea
damokidebuli kargad moiqces da Tavi ar Seircxvinos, garna, igi
sapirispirod iqceva, gamodis, cudi kaci yofila. Sesabamisad
mankiereba da saTnoeba nebayoflobiTni arian, diaRac aravin
gvaxvevs Tavs visaZagloT. amitomaa biwiereba gakicxvis Rirsi,
xolo zneobrioba - qebisa. namdvilad, samarcxvino da sule-
luri saqcieli ar ikicxeba da keTili ar Seiqeba, vincobaa isini
nebasurvilisani ar iqnebian. mxolod nebayoflobiT saqciels
aZageben da aqeben. Semdgom: Cven vamkobT an vkicxavT yvelas, met
yuradRebas vaqcevT ra arCevans vidre saqmes, miuxedavad imisa,
maRali zneobis mier ganxorcielebuli arsi ufro gasagebia
CvenTvis; [ase viqceviT], imad rom sisulele iZulebiTac Caid-
ineba, magram arCevani - arasodes. Semdgom: Znelia naupiratesebis
danaxva, amad, Zexorcielze azrs gamovTqvamT misi namoqmedaris
da mixedviT. miT ufro ganxorcielebuli saqme gacilebiT gas-
agebia. arCevani - qebas umetes imsaxurebs. es Cvens mier dadge-
nilidan gamomdinareobs da cxad movlenebTan Tanxmieria.
wigni meore 65
w i g ni m e s a m e
I
maS ase, rom saTnoebani yovel jerze rogorc erTgvari Sua-
nani gvevlinebian da (isini yvelaze ufro pativdebulni arian,
radgan maT orive mxares urTierT sapirispiro biwierebani
lagdebian) da agreTve Tu ranairebi gaxlavan, ukve vTqviT.1
TiToeuli maTgani rigrigobiT ganvixiloT da pirvel yovlisa
mamakacis erT - erT gamorCeul Tvisebaze2 _ gabedulebaze
vilaparakoT.
TiTqmis yvelas azri erTmaneTisas emTxveva, guladi kaci
Tavs safrTxis dros gamoavlens, xolo mamacoba - erT - erTi
saTnoebaa. adre Cven warmovaCineT vaJkacoba da simxdale ragvar
erTurTisagan gansxvavebuli ukiduresobani, radganac isini
TiTqos erTimeores3 upirispirdebian. aSkaraa, visac am Tvisebebs
miaweren, isinic urTierTisagan friad sapirispironi iqnebian.
magaliTad mSiSara (sacnauria imisda mixedviT, Tuki metad
1. `TiTqmis ukve vTqviT~ - ix. e. e. II, 3.

2. berZnuli sityva ἀνδρεία qarTulad umeteswilad `vaJkacobad~ iTargmneba,
radgan sityva (ἀνήρ) isagan - `mamakaci~ - warmosdgeba. miuxedavad amisa aris-
toteles konteqsti mowmobs, rom aq es sityva erTob viwro mniSvnelobiTaa
gamoyenebuli, da kerZod, rogorc saSualeba safrTxeebs da saSiSroebebs
winaaRudges, rasac qarTulad `gabeduleba hqvia, risi etimologiac bolomde
ar aris Seswavlili. sityva da mcneba `mamakacTan~ etimologiuri kavSiri rom
SevinarCunoT da imavdroulad konteqstis mniSvneloba xelovnurad ar gavaz-
viadoT, TargmanSi orTav fesvis SeTavseba varirebs: `vaJkacuri Seupovroba~,
`gabeduli kaci~ da a. S.
3. `Cven warmovaCineT mamacoba da simxdale rogorc erTmaneTisgan gansxvave-
buli ukiduresobani~ - azrsa da dasabuTebaze msgavsi dapirispirebisa ix.
qvemoT III, 7, 1234а24.
66
eSinia, vinem SeiZleba eSinodes, magram, bediTad mamacia vidre

unda iyos). gabeduli: esec xom ase ganixileba, nakleb Tavab-
neulia vidremdis unda Zrwodes da Warbad mamacia, vire surs.
aqedan warmoiqmneba paronimia - vinaidan `Tamami~ paronimiulad
simamacisagan1 warmoiSveba. amgvarad, vincobaa gulmagroba da
gabeduleba saukeTeso Tvisebaa iq, sadac simxdales an gmiro-
bas vexlebiT da gulovanTan mimsgavseba ar gvmarTebs, (raxan
maT pirveli ar hyofniT, meore ki moWarbebuli aqvT,) arc ja-
banTan (raki isic ase iqceva Tumca TiTqos gadabrunebulad):
gabeduleba maTTvis ar aris kmasamyofeli, simxdale Tu ginda
gamoricxe, cxadia, Sua mdgomareoba guladobasa da sidedles
Soris, lomgulobasa da silaCres Sua mamakacuri SemmarTebloba
iqneba, anarCevic swored igia.
sasiamovnoa ase miCneva, rom mamaci adamiani Tavisi upirate-
sobiT SeumkrTalia, mxdali ki SiSneulobisken midrekilia da
ufrTxis rarig bevrs, agreTve cotas, viT dids, aseve patara
gansacdels, myisierad eSinia, im xanad, roca pirveli an saerTod
ar feTdeba, an cota, umniSvnelo elda Seipyrobs da mxolod
maSin, rodesac gansacdeli didia, garna meore kankalebs im dro-
sac ki, roca xifaTi saerTod ar Cans. rogoria is ukiduresi
safrTxeebi, romelTac jangulovani mamakaci aitans? pirvel
yovlisa mas emuqrebian is xifaTni Tu gareSes? `didi rameo,
ityvis vinme, Tu rom faTeraki sxvas emuqrebao~. Tundac Tavad
uqaddes raime xaTabala, mere ra, aki igi uSiSaria. faTeraki
SiSs yvelaSi badebs, amitomacaa is saSiSroeba; aserigad, Zliers
Zalian saSiSi gansacdeli warmoSobs, arc Tu ise saSaro ki -
1. `paronimkis~ Sesaxeb ix. : aristoteles kategoriebi lаI2 - 15. aristoteles

mixedviT, zedsarTavi saxeli = predikati paronimulad arsebiT saxel =
ideebisagan warmoiSveba, Tumca leqsikologiis TvalsazrisiT es yovelTvis
ase ar aris, magaliTad `fermixdili~ da `simqrqale~, `samarTlianoba~ da
`samarTliani~ (`kategoriebi~, 10а27).
wigni mesame 67
susts. dauridalic krTis da araerTxel akankaldeba. Tavidan

Cven davadgineT, rom, simamace piriqiT, mamakacs aguladebs,
anu, an arafris winaSe ar caxcaxebs, anda iSviaTad eSinia, ara-
sodes ar ibneva da fuWdeba. Tumc, rogorc sasiamovnoze da
keTildReobaze, aseve saxifaTozec orazrovnad iTqmis. raime
aseTi ubralod TavisTavadaa, raRac ki vinmesTvis sasiamovno
da sasikeToa, sinamdvileSi SesaZloa aseTi sulac ar iyos,
aramed winaukmo, ukeTuri da uamuri, igi SeiZleba garewrebsa
da naZirlebs moswondeT, an sulac patara bavSvebs, sanam isini
pawawinebi arian. amnairad, safaTerako aris Cveulebriv safrTx-
ilo TavisTavad da ars saSaro vinmesTvis. is, risic mSiSaras
eSinia, vinaTgan is mSiSaraa, an sulac araa saSiSari, an cotaTi
saxifaToa, mxolodRa, risac yvelas eSinia, rakiRa is adamis
Sviluri bunebisaTvis saSaroa, martivad mosaridebelia. mamaci
ki ar SekrTeba, msgavs safrTxeebs stoikosis simtkiciT aitans,
roca maT amCnevs da im drosac, rodesac maT Tvals ver mohkravs,
TumcaRa ki, ranairadac kacis Svils, masac eSinia, raki mamacia,
Zrwolas Tavs ar aCagvrinebs, an cota damfrTxalia, an sulac
ar krTis. sinamdvileSi es safrTxeebi saridoa, rakiRa maT gamo
yvelas eleT - meleTi mosdis. amitomaa naqebi es Tviseba, ra-
meTu, iyo mamaci, - es igivea Zlieri da janmrTeli brZandebode.
xolo, Zlierni da janmrTelni imitom rodi gaxlavan, rom erTi
Sromam ver gatexa magram meore veraviTarma gadametebam ver
Semusra, mainc imad, ar wuxan (an arasodes, anda TiTqmis) masze,
ris gamoc kacxorcielTa umetesoba itanjeba, vinZlo saerTod
yvela ara. Sesabamisad avadmyofebi, mSiSrebi da sustebi Savad
aTeneben imav Tavdasxmebis SiSiT, viT miwis SvilTa umravlesoba.
sxvaoba isaa, isini iolad nebdebian da maTze ufrosRa Znelad
gadaitanen xolme, oRond, amas emateba, aseTebze an saerTod, an
lamis ar moqmedebs is, rac umetesobaze gavlenas axdens.
Znelia Tqma, marTlac arafris eSinia mamac mokvdavs da
arasodeso. SesaZloa - vin icis? - saqme asecaa, mamacoba xom im
68 wigni mesame
mamakacis Tvisebaa, romelic Wkuas emorCileba. goneba ki kargis

arCevas brZanebs. ai, amitomac, vinac gansacdels ganurCevlad
upirispirdeba, is an ugunuria anda mamacia; vinc keTilad uSi-
Saria, gabeduli mamakaci swored isaa. mSiSaras xom koWebSi imis
mimarTac epareba, ris winaSec ar unda eparebodes, mxolod gu-
ladi Tavs iq gamoiCens - sadac es aucilebeli ar aris. gabeduli
Zexorcieli igia, romelic sadac da rodesacaa saWiro, aris an
aseTi, an iseTi, an erTi an meore, am mizeziT mas maT Sua adgili
ukavia, vinaTgan roca gonebas surs, igi an gabedulia anda frTx-
ilia. garna Wkuas bevri varamis da uxerxulobis moTmena nebavs,
vai Tu es raime kargisTvisaa. mamaci diaRac iq iyoyloCinebs,
ra adgilas es gonebas ar moesurveba, mSiSara iqac mfrTxalia,
sad Wkua SiSis daZlevas ukarnaxebs, mxolodRa gambedavi maSinaa
SemmarTebeli, odes es gonebas enebelyofeba.
aqve SevniSnoT, gambedavobis kidev xuTi saxeobaa masze ms-
gavsebis mixedviT, rameTu gamZleoba iqac vlindeba, oRond sxva
mizezebiT. pirveli - samoqalaqo gabedulebaa, igi TanamoqalaqeTa
winaSe sircxvilis grZnobiT warmoiSveba. meore - sabrZolo Sem-
marTeblobiT aRiZvreba, ros gamocdilebiT ici ukeTu ra aris
saSineleba (xolo araviTar SemTxvevaSi sokrates gagebiT1) da
umklavdebi mas. mesame - gamoucdelobiT da ucodinrobiT Cndeba,
raJams, sityvaze bavSvebi an ugunurebi raimes ar eridebian, vTqvaT
xelSi ahyavT gveli. SemmarTeblobis am saxeobisagan gansxvave-
bulia sxva, sasoebasTan dakavSirebuli - romlis wyalobiTac
xSirad bednierebiT ganebivrebulni an mTvralebi safrTxeebs
umagrdebian - Rvinos xom keTili imedebis STagoneba SeuZlia. maT-
1. sokrate sityva `Semzaravs~ (δεινός) sayovelTao salaparako mniSvnelobiT

`gawafuli ostati~, `Zlieri specialisti~ iyenebda (ix. platoni kratile
396е). hermogenes gvianantikur peripatetikul traqtatSi `marcvalTa saxeobe-
bidan~ (Περὶ ὶδεῶν) am zedsarTavidan warmoebuli arsebiTi saxeli = ideia (δει-
νότης) rogorc Zliereba an marcvalis ostatoba ganixileba, mWevrmetyveleba,
romlis umaRles saxeobad avtori demosTenes gawafulobas miiCnevs (11, 9, 133).
wigni mesame 69
gan ganirCeva siTamame windauxedavi vnebisa, nimuSad siyvaruliT

an ganrisxebiT gamowveuli. Seyvarebuli ufrore gulovania vidre
mSiSara da bevr safrTxesac gadaitans, ise, ragvar magaliTad igi,
vinac metapontiis tirani1 mokla da igic, viszec kretas Tqmule-
bebi2 mogvTxroben. zedmiwevniT asea mrisxanebis da guliswyromis
mizeziTac. aki, mdgomareobidan kaci risxvasac gamohyavs. zustad
amadaa taxebis saqcieli mamakacur gabedulebis gamomxatveli,
miuxedavad amisa, arc is aris namdvili uSiSaroba. saqme isaa,
vidre isini agznebulebi arian, SemmarTebelnic gaxlavan, magram,
roca gons modian, guladebs3 emgvanebian da araprognozirebadni
xdebian. erTob axlos bunebasTan risxviT gamowveuli siTamamea,
viTarmed wyroma dauokebelia, zedmiwevniT amis Sedegad yvelaze
mamaci meomrebi - bavSvebi arian. kanoni ki samoqalaqo gabedule-
bas aRviZebs. urioSo dauridaloba amaTSi arcerTSi ar aris da
miuxedavad amisa es yovelive sulac araa gamousadegari da zed-
meti, safrTxis dros sulis simtkicisaTvis.
TavisTavad saSiSze Cven ager axla vTqviT, oRond Rirs,
gacilebiT konkretuli sazRvrebi davasaxeloT. saxifaTod
1. masszed, rom siyvaruli da RmerTi eroti Seyvarebulebs gabedulebasa da

SemarTebas unergaven, platonis `nadimis~ Tanamosaubreni~ amboben (178dl -
179b3; 182b7 - с7). metapontia Tu metaponti, - terentes yures napirTan arsebuli
qalaqi, aheicebis mier daarsebuli Cv. w. aR - mde VII s - Si. ambavi, romelzec
migviTiTebs aristotele sxva wyaroebSi ar moixsenieba.
2. ìgic, viszec kretas Tqmulebebi~ mogvTxroben - Znelia Tqva Tu vis gulisx-
mobs. SesaZloa ìliadadan~ aq upriani im scenis gaxseneba iyos (XVI, 463), sadac
momakvdavi serpadone (kretas mefis minosis Zma) `Zvirfas megobars~ glavkuss
saSvelad uxmobs, da igi, tanjavda ra Wriloba, sicocxles safrTxeSi igdebs
da brZolaSi ebmeba da Tanamosagreebs aiyoliebs.
3. `cxovelebis istoriaSi~ (1. 18), aristoteles taxebis mZvinvare agresiulo-
bas da lomebis keTilSobil guladobas axsenebs. ix. aristotele, cxovelebis
istoria. me IX wignis me XLIV e TavSi aristotele wers: `dainaxes erTxel,
loms rogor undoda Rors Tavs dasxmoda da rodesac ixila rom is aijagra
- gaiqca. (с. 389).
70 wigni mesame
iTvleba is rac SiSs gvinergavs. aseTad Seiracxeba, rasac Seu-

Zlia sasikvdilo tanjva gangvacdevinos. Tu vinmes ram satan-
jveli gardaxdeba, imxanad rasakvirvelia raRac ganawyenebac
da urvac iarsebebs, mxolod SiSi ar gveqneba; sityvaze, Tuki
vinme ganWvrets, ase Tu ise igi sul male danaRvliandeba Suris,
eWvis an sircxvilis mizeziT. elda ki aRiZvris mxolod iseT
TavdasxmaTa cxadi moaxloebisas, TavianTi bunebiT safrTxes
sicocxles rom uqmnian. marTlac amitom xandaxan TviT usustesi
adamianebi Zlierdebian garna zogierTi mtkice xasiaTis mqoneni
da Zlierni - laCrdebian.
gamodis, sikvdilTan da masTan amnairad Tu imnairad dakav-
Sirebul satanjvelTan damokidebuli gabedulebis es saxeoba
arc Tu ise gansakuTrebul Tvisebad gvevlineba. radgan vincobaa
vinmes SeuZlia yinvas, sicxes da msgavsT gauZlos, romelnic Sem-
musvrel safrTxes ar gviqadnian, sikvdilis winaSe man SeiZleba
isustos da imxdalos, ris erTaderTi mizezic - TviT daRupvis
gancdaa, roca sxva yinvasa da sicxes SeiZleba ver gaumagrdes,
mxolodRa sikvdilis pirispir savsebiT gulgrili darCes:
pirveli laCradac mogeCveneba, meore - gambedavad. safrTxec
TiTqos saSiSad mxolod im SemTxvevaSi iTqmeba, rawamsac
gamanadgurebeli muqara axlovdeba. gansacdeli xom mas Semdeg
gvevlineba, radResac axlosaa da xilvadia.
saSiSi, romlis winaSec gabedulebas viCenT, isaa, rasac
sasikvdilo satanjvelis moyeneba SeuZlia: miTumetes Tu
rom es axlos da ara moSorebiT cxaddeba da Tavisi sididiT
an gaTanazomierebulia anda adamis Svilebs TanaSezomilad
gveCveneba igi. kidevac zogierTi Tavdasxma uciloblad viTo-
miTad saxifaToa da nebismier kacis Svils abnevs. aki araferi
ar uSlis xels mxurvales an civs, an rogorime sxvas, CvenTvis,
kacxorcielebisTvis zomagadasulad da autanlad rom iqces.
sulis amtanobasac igiv exeba.
amisdamixedviT, mxdalebi da guladebi garemoebebs aras-
wigni mesame 71
worad gviCveneben. mSiSaras usafrTxo damaSinebeli hgonia,

dia, mosaSiSo - usaSiSesi, guladi ki piriqiT, saSiSs faTerakis
vermoqadulad miiCnevs, xolo Zalian saSiSs - arc Tu Zalian,
roca gambedavi yvelafers xedavs da afasebs ise, rarig aris
sinamdvileSi. amis gamoa, vinac mosarids Tavis ucodinrobis
mizeziT ar ufrTxis, gabeduli mamakaci ar aris, nimuSad,
vinZlo mavans Weqa - quxilis ar eSinia, radganac ar icis Tu
ras moaswavebs, an giJia, - anda im miwis Svils emgvaneba, ro-
melic xifaTs acnobierebs, magram gaSmagebuli mas arafrad
Caadgebs, iseve, rogorc keltebi wyaldidobas iaraRiT
xelSi rom xvdebian, da saerTod barbarosebSi SemmarTebloba
yovelTvis gaafTrebasTan erTadaa.1 sxvani ki saSiSroebebs
arafrad agdeben romeliRac siamovnebaTa mizeziT. maS ase,
ganrisxeba Tavis TavSi raRac siamovnebasac Seicavs, raki
masSi aris Surisgebis imedic. miuxedavad amisa, isini, vinac
arafrad miiCneven sikvdils, an amis gamoisobiT, an romelime
tkbobis sababiT, anda didi mwuxarebisTvis Tavis aridebis
mizniT, gabedul mokvdavis saxels samarTlianad verasodes
moipoveben. sikvdili tkbili rom iyos, umetes Tavawyvetili
Zexorcielebi daixocebodnen Tav - TavianTi TavSeukaveblobis
mizeziT; magaliTad, Tumca sikvdili mtkbari araa, oRond
tkbilia is rac sasikvdiloa. bevris TavSeukavebloba codnas
gadaswonis. amgvarad - arcerTi maTgani gambedav kacad ar CaiT-
vleba, arc imJamad, vai Tu igi sikvdils uaRresad mzadmyofi
Seegebeba. aseve gaxlavan iseTnic, romelnic imis keTebasac
gaurbian, rasac yvela qmedobs, arcerTi araa gabeduli ada-
miani, razec agaTone gveubneba:
tanjvas SeCveuli mokvdavi kninia
1. 29b28 - 29: ср. E.N. Ш, 1115b28.
72 wigni mesame
vincobaa Seiyvarebs sikvdils! o...1
aserigad, vTqvaT, poetebi miTiur qironze mogviTxroben,

Turme ukvdavi, ixveweboda momkaliTo, vinaidan Wriloba da
tkivili tanjavda.2 erTob axlos arian amaTTan xalxi, romelnic
safrTxes Cvevis gamoisobiT arad agdeben - ase umklavdeba SiSs
TiTqmis yvela, vinc samxedro samsaxurSia. es upirispirdeba
sokrates rwmenas, aqaoda, adamis Svilis SemmarTebloba cod-
naao.3 raxan mosaridebelis cnobiT da codniT rodi arian uSi-
Sarni, xomaldTa anZebze asvla rom SeuZliaT, maT ician safrTxes
Tavi rogor daaRwion. arc omis dros gmirulad brZolis sur-
vilis aRZvraa gabeduleba da agreTve arc isini brZandebian
SemmarTeblebi, rogorebzec Teognide wers, Zala da simdidre
mamakacs gambedaobas sZenso:
yvela Raribi kaci mfrTxalia...4
aSkarad, mSiSara xalxi bedukuRmarTobas Tavs mainc arTmevs,
1. agaTone (daaxl. 447 - 405 ww. Cv. w. aR - mde) berZeni tragikosi poeti, pla-
tonis `nadimis~ stumarTmoyvare maspinZeli.
2. qironi - berZnuli miTologiis personaJi - kentavri, saxelganTqmul gmirebis
brZeni damrigebeli - aqilevsis, iasonis da sxvebisa. nadirobis dros heraklem
SemTxveviT mowamlul isriT daWra; Seuxorcebelma Wrilobam da gauTavebelma
tkivilma aiZula igi ukvdavebaze uari eTqva.
3. platonis mixedviT, vaJkacuri gabeduleba siTamame (ὰνδρεία) safrTxeTa
da maTi daZlevis Sesaxeb codnaa. (`laxete, 194еl1, 199аl0; `protagora~
350а6, 360d4; `saxelmwifo~ 429b8 – 430b5; `kanonebi~ 674c7 - d7). maszed, rom
gabeduleba SeiZleba iswavlo da aswavlo, rom igi codnisgan ganuyofelia,
sokrates sityvebiT wers qsenofontec (`mogonebebi sokrateze~), III, 9, 1- 3;
IV, 6,10-11; `nadimi~ II, 12).
4. Teognide, 177. 177 - 178: `yoveli, vinac siRatakem daamarcxa, verc verafers
ilaparakebs da verc ras moimoqmedebs. igi yovelTvis kriWaSekruli iqneba~
wigni mesame 73
umklavdebian mas mraval Wir - varam gamovlilobis mizeziT:

gana igini saSiSroebas iq ar moelian, sadac uwyian rogor
moiqcnen. ai sabuTic: rodesac Tavis daxsnis Zaldeba ar aris
da gansacdeli axlosaa, marcxs isini ver umagrdebian. Tumc,
yvela msgavs gabedulTagan, romelic davidarabas sircxvilis
mizeziT usaldeba, ufro SemmarTebeli kacis Svili gvevlineba, am
mizeziT ambobs homerosi, rom hektorma safrTxe SiSiT dasZlia,
raki iqve iyo aqilevsi
heqtori sircxvilma moicva.1 o
da
polidamasi pirveli misayvedurebso2, - amas samoqalaqo
gambedaoba ewodeba.
namdvili SemmarTebloba ki es ar gaxlavs, iseve rogorc
zemoT CamoTvlilni, TumcaRa maT emsgavseba, nimuSad cxovelebis
gabeduleba, radrosac orTabrZolas marTaven da gaafTrebiT
moqmedeben. Wiris da simwaris mosalodnel saxelmouxveWelo-
bis qadiliT gadatana ki ar Segvferis, an mrisxanebiT, arc
imad, rom aseT dros sikvdils ainuSSiac ar vagdebT da sulac
aris saSualeba vifrTxiloT, - es yvelaferi xifaTad araviTar
SemTxvevaSi ar CaiTvleba. mxolod raki yovelgvari saTnoeba
samjobinaria (ranairadac ganvsazRvravT, zemoT iTqva3, saxel-
dobr, maRali zneoba yvelas aiZulebs arCevani raimes xaTriT
gaakeTos, garna is raime, risTvisac, irCeven - kargia), im dros
cxadia, SemmarTebloba, romelic saTnoebaa, mamakacs daaZalebs
1. daumTavrebeli leqsi homerosis Cvenamde moRweul poemaSi ver aRmovaCineT.

e. n Si 1116а24 analogiur mizeziT aristotele sxva leqss citirebs heqto-
ris mier waroTqmul sityvidan (ìliada~ XXII, 99, Targmani nodar SaniZisa):
`sircxviili Cemi, Tuki me mfrTaxald, kar - kedlis miRma davimalebi!~ Semdegi
citatis uSualod win gamZRoli (230а20).
2. ìliada~ XXII, 100,
3. `zemoT iTqva~ - ix. maRla, 1227b5 - 1228а7.
74 wigni mesame
saSineleba raRacis gulisTvis aitanos da maSasadame, igi ar

SeiZleba ucodinrobiT gamowveuli iyos (ukeTu umal urioSo
gansjas dagavaldebulebs), arc siamovnebisTvis - mxolod im
SemTxvevaSi, rodesac is kargs emTxveva, rakiRa Tu rigiani ar
iqneba, dabolos ugunurobis pirmSoa, maSin aq simamaces saerTod
ver ixilav, dia mxolod - sircxvils.
amnairad, Tu ras ganekuTvneba guladoba, rasa da ras Sori-
saa igi Sualedi da ratom da agreTve ras niSnavs `saSiSi~, amaze
vgoneb ukve sakmarisad iTqva.
II
amis Semdeg Cven umankoeba da aulagmavoba1 ganvixiloT.
aulagmavze sxvadasxva azri arsebobs. TiTqos igi arafriT Sez-
Ruduli ar unda iyos, ugrZnobelicaa, msgavsad `ganuyofelisa~
- vinac arasodes ar gayofila, amasTn, an unariT an uunarod (vi-
naTgan urRvevia is rac ar nawevrdeba da isic, raic nawevrdeba
TumcaRa ki arc odes daSlila). ase da amgvarad àulagmavi~
alikapis bunebrivad ar gamkarebelia an bunebiT aRvirze damTanx-
mebelia, mxolodRa aravis mier alagmuli, Semcodea iq, sadac
qalwuli goneba Seucdomlad moqmedebs; magaliTad bavSvebi:
rameTu usadavoebs amgvar moufiqreblobis gamo namdvilad maT
uwodeben. aris kideve erTi mniSvneloba - Znelad gansakurnebeli
an saerTod ganukurnebeli alagmvis meSveobiT. swored amitom,
uaRviroebze sxvadasxvagvarad amboben, cxadia isini romeliRac
siamovnebebTan an guldawyvetasTan SekavSirebulan da sadRac iq
1. ubiwoebas (σωφροσύνη) aristotele ganixilavs rogorc Suanas aulagmavo-

bas (ἀκολασία) da gulqvaobas (ἀνασθησία) Soris. berZnuli sityva σωφροσύνη
platonis da aristoteles teqstebSi xSirad `windaxedulebad~ an `keTil-
gonierebad~ iTargmneba. ùmwikvloeba~- am terminis etimologiuri kalkaa,
mocemul SemTxvevaSi keTilgoniereba wminda sxeulebrivi moridebulobiT,
TavSekavebulobiT, wesierebiT iwyeba.
wigni mesame 75
arian ganlagebulni, amasTan, erTmaneTisagan iseve ganirCevian,

rogorc gansxvavdebian sxvebisagan (zemoT motanil diagramaSi1
Cven àulagmavobas~ metaforuloba mivakuTvneT). ase rom, aseT
siamovnebebisadmi ugrZnoblobis mizeziT TavdaWerilT, erTni
gulgrilT uwodeben, meoreni ki sxva sityvebiT amkoben. atana da
gadatana kargad araa cnobili da arc xSirad gvxvdeba, viTarmed
yvela scodavs, Tandayolili sisuste msgavsi siamovnebebisa
da grZnobebisadmi yvelaSi saxlobs. bevrwilad aseTebs Cekaven
komediebis SemTxzvelebi, maT isini mxecebad gamohyavT, vinac
gancxromaTa barobiT arc zomierebas da arca aucileblobas2
aras dagideven.
radgan umwikvlo siamovnebebis mimarT amgvaria, sur-
vilebisadmic aucileblad aseTive iqneba. amisTvis gvmarTebs
gamovarkvioT Tu saxeldobr ra gvaris ndomaTa misamarTiT.
ubiwo ra ginda rjulis siamovnebis da yvela gvaris tkbobisadmi
rodia umwikvlo, sazogadod es or sagrZnobel gulmizidvas
exeba - raimes gemebasa da SexebiT SegrZnebas, an umTavresad
vTqvaT ubralod - xelSesaxebobas. mSvenierebis Wvretisas xom
aravinaa ubiwo (Tuki iq Jini an sasiyvarulo vneba ar Careula)
an guldawyveta ram samarcxvinos mizeziT, zustad ise, viT
harmoniulis an araharmoniulis mosmenisas, an kidev keTilsur-
nelebis an simyralis ynosvisas. amasTan umwikvlod aravin iwo-
deba im sababiT, rogorme igi raimes itans an ver itans. vincobaa
vinme mSvenier qandakebas, lamaz cxens an adamians ucqeris, anda
momRerals usmens, ganimsWvaleba mogunebebiT raTa ar Wamos an
1. `zemoT motanil diagramaSi~ - ix. maRla e. e. II, 3, 221b.

2. `veluri~ (ἁγροικος, sityvasityviT `sofleli~) - axali komediis erT erTi
personaJi - es uwinaresad fsiqologiuri tipia vidre socialuri. soflis
mkvidri, miwaTmoqmedi, mxatvrul literaturaSi da safilosofoso moralis-
tikaSi xSirad ueSmakobis bunebrivi zneobis magaliTi yofila da ara sxvadasxva
gvaris gadaWarbebaTa an zadTa krebuli. ix. menandre. komediebi. fragmentebi.
76 wigni mesame
dalios, Tavs siyvaruliT iqcevs, Wvrets mSvenierebas an usmens

simReras - aRviraxsnilis, an sulac sirinosebis mier Secdenilis
saxeli1 mas arodes gauvardeba.
Tumca es yvelaferi im or SegrZnebasTanaa dakavSirebuli,
romelnic saxeldobr cxovelebisTvis arian nacnobni viT sasixa-
rulo agreTve samwuxaro, - me vlaparakob viTar sagemebelze,
agreTve xelSesaxebzec. mxecni ragvaradac Cans, TiTqmis yvela
erTnairad ugrZnobelni gaxlavan saameblobaTadmi, romelnic
sxva SegrZnebebis wyalobiT aRiqmebian, nimuSad harmoniulis
an silamazis SegrZnebani. arsad araa moxseniebuli cxovelebs
silamazis ganWvretis an harmoniulis mosmenis Sedegad rame
ganecadoT - ram saswauli Tu ar moxdenila.2 igivea TnevaTa da
uamur sunTa mimarTac, imis fonze, odes maTi grZnobani Cvensaze
ufro mZafria. amasTan, esa Tu is surneli imad rodi uxariaT
rom TavisTavad keTilsurnelia, aramed is ambri moswonT, ro-
melic sasiamovnos emTxveva. me vlaparakob `TavisTavad~ saa-
mur surnelebaze im gagebiT ki ara, ros Cven gvixaria, raJams
winaswar vtkbebiT an vixsenebT vTqvaT romelime saWmels anda
sasmels (imxanad sxva siamovnebas veltviT, saxeldobr sasmids
da sanovages), `TavisTavad sasiamovnoa~ magaliTad yvavilebis
suni. amitomac stratonikem3 marjved SeniSna: èrTi surneli
kargia xolo meore sasiamovnoa~o. mxecebsac aki Wamis dros
1. sirinosebi - miTologiuri qal - frinvelebi, tkbilxmovani mReriT zRva-

osnebs Tavis damRupvel badeSi ityuebdnen. safilosofoso tradiciaSi
sirinosebi dakavSirebulni iyvnen ciur sferoTa harmoniis warmodgenasTan.
Sdr. platoni. kratile, 403d.
2. `rom cxovelebs silamazis ganWvretis an harmoniulis mosmenis Sedegad rame
ganecados - ram saswauli Tu ar moxdenila.~ - amgvar saswaulad iTvleboda
magiuri Zalaufleba momReral orfeosisa, win rom miuZRoda `tyeebs, mxecebs
da kldeebs~ (ovidiusi `metamorfozebi~, XI, 1 - 2, 44).
3. stratonike – Zvel droSi ganTqmuli liraze damkvreli da enamoswrebuli
(daaxl. 410 - 360 ww. Cv. w. aR - mde).
wigni mesame 77
yvela SegrZneba ki ar aRelvebT, (maTi SfoTvis mizezi enis wverze

arsebuli SegrZneba rodia, mainc yelSi da ara TviT grZnoba,
aramed Sexeba. amadac loculoben mucelRmerTebi ara imisaTvis,
rom ena uvideT grZeli, imas evedrebin RmerTs - yeli hqondeT
werosi, nimuSisTvis filoqsene eriskide.1 erTi sityviT, modiT
aulagmavoba SexebiT SegrZnebas daukavSiroT. msgavsad amisa
lagamawyvetilobac masTan moiazreba. loTobac, msunagobac,
avxorcobac, Rormucelobac da yvela misTana im SegrZnebebs
ganekuTvneba, romelnic rogorc Cven vTqviT TavSeukaveblobis
nawilebs Seadgenen. rac Seexeba ganWvretiT tkbobas, mosmenas
an ynosvas, Tavdauokeblad aravin iwodeba, imJamadac, Tu rom
amaTSi zedmet gulmodginebas iCens, msgavs Secodebebs romc
vkicxavdeT, sasircxvilod maT ar aRviqvamT, da saerTod, sadac
laparaki TavSekavebulebze da TavSeukaveblebze ar SeiZleba, iq
aulagmavebi da ubiwoebi arc arseboben.
saqme isaa, ugrZnobi - sxvagvarad ra vuwodoT amgvarad
momqcev kacxorciels - es igia, visac xelidan usxlteba SemTx-
veva SeuerTdes da gaixaros miT, riTac sxvebi mxiaruleben; vinac
aq aWarbebs - wonasworobas moklebuls swored mas dauZaxeben.
imas vambob, rawamsac sixarulica da survilic bunebrivia,
radResac aulagmavad aravin ar iwodeba da ar miiCneva, (raki maT
gadaWarbebuli Tavgamodebuloba sixarulSi xSirad ar uwevT,
vidreRa es dasaSvebia, an mwuxareba metad vire es SesaZlebelia
mal - mal ar uxdebaT), ise rogorc ugrZnoblebs, (xom ar brZan-
debian isini winaaRmdegni uxarodeT an glovobdnen da uwinaresad
mzad iqnebian aq gadaaWarbon, vidre Tavgadasaxadi gamotovon).
sadac gadaWarbeba an daklebaa, cxadia Sualedic iarsebebs,
1. filoqsene eriqside an filoqsene eriqsides Ze, - antikurobaSi gamoCenil

gemriel saWmelebis mcodned da moyvarulad iTvleboda, Sdr. :plutarqe, baasi
sufrasTan, IV, 668С. Sdr. agreTve: aTenaiosi. sofistTa lxini I, 10, 2, Keibel
(`weros xaxa~) istorikos Teofileze dayrdnobiT (FHG IV, 516).
78 wigni mesame
aseTi aris umjobesi qcevis wesi, sapirispiro rarig erTTan aseve

meoresTan. Sesabamisad vinZlo ubiwoeba saukveTeso qcevis rigia
iq, sadac vinme aulagmavia, maSin im sasiamovnos SegrZnebis dros,
romelzec vilaparakeT Sua alagi albaT ubiwoeba iqneba, radgan
Tavdauokeblobasa da ugrZnoblobas Soris arc avi arc kargi
umetnaklebod is aris; amisdamixedviT, safiqrebelia Seukave-
bloba gadaWarbebaa, daudevroba ki an - usaxelod darCeba, anda
zemoT CamoTvlil saxelebs daarqmeven. dawvrilebiT da zustad
siamovnebaTa gvarebi mas Semdeg gavarCioT, roca TavSekavebasa
da TavSeukaveblobaze vilaparakebT.1
III
uSfoTveloba da gaxeleba igive wesiT unda ganvixiloT,
vinaidan miwis Svili danaRvlianebis dros Tvinierdeba da kidev
imisda mixedviT, ranairadacaa igi damokidebuli Tavad im gu-
listkivilisadmi. Cvens diagramaSi2 mrisxanes, gaafTrebuls, da
gamZvinvarebuls (raki es yvela sulis erTsa da imav mdgomareo-
bas gamoxatavs) qedmoxriloba da udrtvinveloba davupirisp-
ireT. xom ase iwodebian isini, romelnic iqac ar risxdebian,
sadac es saWiroa da sxvebs Seuracxofas ayenebineben, abuCad
agdebas urigdebian da itanen. amnairad, rodesac risxva duR-
deba, sapirispirod iqcevian, vis gulsac wyena male euflebaT
da ara igini, romelnic maSinve ar iwyenen, vin Zalian cota xniT,
viRac ufro Zlierad, vinme umetes didi droiT da romeliRacani
kidev gacilebiT cota xniT eZlevian mwuxarebasa. ise, viT zemoT
vTqviT, aqac moWarbeba da moklebaa (Smagi diaRac - isaa, vinac
ufrosRa swrafad Riziandeba, Zlierad da didi droiT vinem
1. `roca TavSekavebasa da TavSeukaveblobaze vilaparakebT.~ rogorc Cans

miTiTebaa e. e. ze VI, 6 (=E.N. VII, 6).
2. `Cvens diagramaSi~ - e. e. II, 3, 220b38.
wigni mesame 79
saWiroa, amasTan, im drosac ki, roca aucilebeli araa, afTrdeba

imis mizeziT, ris gamoc gaRizianeba ar Seefereba da arc Tu
iSviaTad, magram, vinc piriqiT iqceva, is monurad morCilia),
amitom aSkaraa, uzado moqmedebidan am or gadaxras Soris Su-
aledi arsebobs. oRond, vai Tu moqcevis es orive zoma Secdomaa,
cxadia jerovani maT Sua saSualo darCeba, radganac is arc win
garbis da arca agvianebs, ganrisxxdeba iq sadac saWiroa da ar
gaSmagdeba mun, sad araa aucilebeli. amrigad, vinaidan TavSe-
kavebuloba qcevis saukveTeso formaa, msgavsi gancdebis dros
sarwmunoa, rom Tviniereba raRac SuaTanaa, mxolod TavdaWerili
aris Sualedi mZvinvaresa da monurad morCils Soris.
IV
Suanebad agreTve gvevlinebian: sidiade sulisa, saucxoo-
ba da guluxvoba. xelgaSliloba qonebasTan, mis SeZenasTan
da dakargvasTanaa dakavSirebuli. visac ufrosRa uxaria
raimes movaWreba vinem saWiroa da ukeTu dakarga, dardobs
metad, vidre mizanSewonilia, aseTi mokvdavi Zunwia. vinc
orive SemTxvevaSi marTebulze bevrad naklebad ganicdis,
amgvari Zexorcieli daudevaria, igi ki, vinc orive ambavSi
jerovnad iqceva - guluxvi gaxlavT. 1 ra drosac vambob
1. zedsarTavi ὲλευθέριος (`Tavisufali~) viwro gagebiT adamians niSnavda,

romlisTvisac merkantiluri interesebi ucxo iyo, uwinaresad daudevars an
guluxvs, vidre zomiersa da wesiers (Sdr. platonis Teeteti, 144a - d). ar-
istoteles gansazRvreba dazustebebis damatebiT `rogorc unda~, `rogorc
saRi gansja gvikarnaxebs~, mcneba ὲλευθέριος-Si raRac normatiul, momwes-
rigebel azris gamoaSkaravebas iTxovs. gulmodgine viT saSualo materialur
SeZlebisadmi fsiqologiur damokidebulebasa da srul daudevrobas Soris
SeiZleba gulisxmobdes kacs, qonebas gonivrulad rom udgeba. [mTargmnelis
mier SerCeuli qarTuli eqvivalenti ὲλευθέριος `gulmodgineba~ yvelgan si-
tyva `guluxvobiT~ aris Secvlili, da amasTan dakavSirebiTaa Senacvlebuli
Targmani ὰνελεύθερος (`Zunwi~ nacvlad ùgulmodginesi~) - Cven gonivrul far-
glebSi unificireba unda mogvexdina teqstis Targmanisa e. e. da gaugebrobas
80 wigni mesame
`marTebuls~ aq da sxvaganac vgulisxmob `rogorc keTil-

goniereba gvibrZanebs~, raxan arian iseTnic, romlebic an
moWarbebisken anda klebisaken ixrebian, yvelgan, sadac
ganapirania, SuaTana saukveTesoa, is ki ragindara saxisaSi
erTaderTi Cinebulia, im dros guluxvoba aucileblad
Zunwsa da daudevars Soris Sualedi iqneba, iq, sadac saqme
qonebas Seexeba, (mis syidvas an gaflangvas, keTildReobasa da
`gamdidrebaze~ Cven orgvarad vlaparakobT: ase TavisTavad
xdeba, raime avladidebis monagrebisas, sityvaze fexsac-
mlis an kabis, aris damTxveviTac - ase ara, garna, rodesac
vinme yidulobs xamlebs imisTvis, rom moirgos da iaros, an
kvlav gayidos, anda sulac daagiraos, fexsamoss iZens is,
visac sWirdeba). vercxlismoyvare igia, vinac TeTrisTvis
gulmodgineobs, fuli ki qonebis mimarT igiv TanamTxveviT
moxmarebaa; gamodis, Zunwi aramuyaiTic iqneba, ros saqme
mxolod `TanmTxveviT~ SeZenas Seexeba, Tu rom Sesabamisi
bunebis wyalobiT mogebas udarajebs, imJamad, rodesac
daudevari aucilebelsac xelidan gauSvebs, dia guluxvs
- nurc moklebia. maTgan gamoiyofian saxeobebi, gansxvaveb-
ulni imisda mixedviT Tu ra Warbobs da ra iklebs da romel
nawilebSi. Zunwi igiv - kriJani, wuwuraqi da Rormucelaa.
kriJania, raJams xelidan verafers gaagdebineb, xarbia, rawam-
sac CambRujavia, yvelaferze xelis damtacebeli, wuwuraqi
ki imxanadaa, radResac sul mciredzec ki RviZli ewvis;
SeiZleba iTqvas, Tvisiv usamarTlo siZunwiT - Tavis Tavs
atyuebs da qurdavs. daudevarzec igive iTqmis - roca xelis
WuWys uwesrigod gascems, gaumaZRaria, mxolodRa rawams
mTel Tanxas Sealevs, dardobs - uyairaTo varo.
gavridebodiT (Sdr. II, 221а5: `guluxvi~ (ἐλευθἑριος) `Zunws~ (ἀνελεύθερος) da

`mflangvels~ (ᾰσωτος) upirispirdeba.
wigni mesame 81
V
rac Seexeba sulis gardigardmoobas, yvelafridan, raic
sulgrZelobasTanaa dakavSirebuli, saWiroa es gamovyoT,
ragvar misi gansakuTrebuli Tviseba. msgavsad sxva yvelaferSi,
momijnaveobis mizeziT sazRvrebi SeumCnevlad rom iSleba, ase
emarTeba didebul sulsac. amitomaa, urTierTisagan gansx-
vavebuli wyobis momakvdavni xandaxan erTimeores emsgavsebian.
sityvaze, guluxvi da daudevari, TavkerZa da amayi, gabeduli
da guladi; es Tvisebebi erTsa da imav viTarebaSi mJRavndeba ra
drosac maTi sazRvrebi erTmaneTTan mijriT imyofebian, vTqvaT,
mamaci safrTxis dros medegia, xolo, aseTivea guladic, Tumca
yvela Taviseburad da zustad es sxvebisgan gansxvavebuloba maT
Soris sxvaoba gaxlavT. sulgrZels ki, Tavad sityva gveubneba,
Cven im kacs vuwodebT, visSic sulis SesaZleblobebi didebu-
lia da amaRlebulia. Sesabamisad is amay an Cinebulad - guluxv
adamianTan msgavsebas poulobs, raxan < . . . > igi yvela saxeobis
saTnoebis erTgulia. amgvaradve, keTildReobaze marTebulia
msjeloba, Tu is diadia, magram, Tuki mcirea, - es erTob saqebi
Tviseba gaxlavT. SeiZleba davaskvnaT, diadi is keTildReobania,
romelTac umjobesi TvisebebiT dasaCuqrebuli adamis Svili
kvalSi Casdgomia, raTa msgavsi rameebi ganasxvavos, vinaidan
isini mimzidvelni arian. oRond, sulis medidureba saukveTeso
Tvisebaa; raki saTnoeba yvela sferoSi Seurevlad ganixilavs,
raa cota da raa bevri, rogorc keTilgoniers Tvisi gonebagax-
sniloba ubrZanebs, Sesabamisad, uklisad danarCeni saTnoeba mas
daemgzavreba, an Tavad is mTlad darCenils daumxardamxardeba.
SesaZloa mogveCvenos, suldid kacis Svils marTlac erT-
gvari abuCoba da agdebuloba sCvevia. Tumca yvela saTnoeba
kacxorciels diadi rameebis arad miCnevas aiZulebs, vincobaa
isini garCevas ar eqvemdebarebian. ase, mamaci safrTxeebs aras
dagidevs, (raki arafers samarcxvinos diadad ar miiCnevs da
82 wigni mesame
saerTod, misTvis saSiSi TiTqmis araraa), xolo qalwuli gonebis

mqonesTvis bevri siamovneba umniSvneloa, guluxvisTvis - fuli.
didsulovani ki amTvalwuneblad imis gamo gveCveneba, diaRac,
igi SeiZleba ram - umniSvnelos mizeziT gaisarjos, rodesac
sinamdvileSi didia da diadia, TumcaRa vinmes sxvas is knini
ram aseTad ar moelandeba, didsulovani miwis Svili Rirseuli
mokvdavis azrs gaiTvaliswinebs, Tundac erTaderTisa, vidre
mravali SemTxveviTi Zexorcielis sjas moismens da angariSs
gauwevs, viTar agafontem uTxra agafones, misi dasacavi sityvis
Seqebisas, Tumc mosamarTleebma saTvalavSi ar Caagdes da mainc
gaasamarTles.1 sulgrZelisTvis erTob damaxasiaTebelia imgvari
sisuste, daudevrobas rom veZaxiT. es isev pativs exeba, cxovre-
basac Tavis sazrunavebiTurT, simdidres, ris mizeziTac rogorc
cnobilia yvela kaci Sewuxebul - Sefiqrianebulia, - ai ase,
am yvelafers igi ainuSSic ar agdebs, mxolod erTis, Rirsebis
garda. wyins da naRvliandeba imxanad, odes mas yuradRebas ar
aqceven, an Tu rom masze dabali donisaa misi xelmZRvaneli. im
dros xarobs, ros misi xaTri da ridi aqvT.
Tumc, SeiZleba mogeCvenos, saqme piriqiTaa: esoden Zalu-
mad pativze iyo damokidebuli, Tanadroulad gZagdes brbo da
saxelmoxveWiloba - rogorRac erTmaneTTan ver Tanxmdebian.
vinZlo windawin ar gaverkveviT, ase laparaki ar SeiZleba.
pativi rogoradac didi aseve mcire orgvaria. igi SeiZleba
mravali SemTxveviTi xalxisagan an Rirseuli adamianebisagan
momdinareobdes da mainc didi sxvaobaa - ukeTu es xaTri ris
1. antifonte, gamoCenili aTeneli oratori (dab. daaxl. 480 w. Cv. w. aR - mde),

400 Ta oligarqiul mmarTvelobis damxobis Semdeg braleuli iqna saxelmwifo
RalatSi (Cv, w. aR. mde 411 wels) antifontes dasacav sityvas am procesze Za-
lian iwonebda misi erT-erTi mowafe mWevrmetyvelebis xelovnebaSi Tukidide
(ìstoria~ VIII, 68, 1 - 2). Sdr. platoni, nadimi, 144 b, sadac agaTone daaxloe-
biT igiv azrs umeorebs sokrates, rom `sul mciredaT jansaRad moazrovne
adamianisaTvis ramdenime gonieri adamiani ufro saSiSia vidre uamravi ubiri.
wigni mesame 83
Sedegad warmoiSveba. rakiRa diadi pativi mniSvnelovania pativ-

ismimgebTa arc Tu didi wrisaTvis, ranairebic ar unda iyvnen
isini. simarTle vTqvaT, yoveli Tanamdeboba da yvela keTil-
dReoba maSinaa pativmigebuli, raJams isini sinamdvileSi diadni
arian, am mizeziT arcerTi saTnoeba ar arsebobs didebulebis
gareSe, amasTan TviToeuli madlcxebuleba Tavis mxriv adamis
Svils sulis medidurebas auwyebs, razec Cven ukve vilaparakeT.
sulis diadoba danarCen zneobriobebis gverdiT rogorc
erTiani da gansakuTrebuli saTnoeba ise arsebobs, amisTvis, mis
mflobelze, anu didsulovanze xams calke vilaparakoT. raxan
zogierTi keTildReobaTagani pativsacemia, dia, TiTo-orola ki
- iseTni, rogorc Cven uwin ganvsazRvreT,1 amasTan, msgavs svevs-
vianobaTagan, vaiTu, erTni marTlac didebulni gaxlavan, sxvani
ki _ mcireni da im sikeTeebis TavianT sakadrisad mcnobelni, am
netarebaTa Rirsi kacis Svilebic arseboben. im dros gvevaleba
Cven maT Soris didsulovnebasTan wildadebuli kacxorcieli
veZeboT. gvmarTebs, erTmaneTisagan oTxi SemTxveva ganvasxvaoT:
xdeba, miwis Svili Rirspativsacemia da Tavs aseTad Tavadac
miiCnevs da aris xolme, sikeTe arcTu didrovania, mxolodRa
vinme marTlac iseT keTildReobebs imsaxurebs da Tavic maTi
saTanado hgonia, Sesabamisad piriqiT xdeba rogorc pirvel,
aseve meore SemTxvevaSi: vTqvaT mcire pativis Sesagvani pati-
viscemaTagan misTvis sakadrisad udidess miiCnevs, xolo didi
yuradRebis Rirsqmnili, ase vTqvaT, Tavis Tavis Sesaferisad mci-
res airCevs. aserigad vai-uSvelebeli pativcemulebis momTxovi
da mciredad Rirspativmisagebi gakicxvas imsaxurebs (igi xom
ugunuria, miiRo, rac ar dagimsaxurebia kargi ar aris), TumcaRa
ki dasaZraxia isic, vinac aris Rirsyofili im keTildReobaTa
Tavze rom daacvivda da ar Tvlis Tavs im rangisad, maT eziaros;
gvrCeba mesame, igi vinc sapirispiroa rogorc pirvelis, aseve
1. `rogorc uwin ganvsazRvreT~ - ix. : III, 228а28.
84 wigni mesame
meoresi, da kerZod uzomos Sestyvisi da amisdakvalad momTxovi,

anu igi, vinac namdvilad aris aseTi da Sesabamisad iTxovs, es
mowonebas imsaxurebs, im oridan es Suanaa.
ase rom, rac Seexeba pativTa arCevasa da sxva pativiscemaTa
mopovebas, saukveTeso Tviseba sulis diadobaa da sulgrZels Cven
mokvdavs namdvilad amotom vuwodebT da ara raime sasargeblos
mizeziT, amasTan Sualedi aris is, raic friad mosawonia, gamodis,
sulis gardigardmooba yvela albaTobis mixedviT SuaTanaa, ma-
gram im sapirispiroTagan, romelnic Cven diagramaze1 gamovsaxeT,
erTi didrovan keTildReobaze uflebas acxadebs, oRond misi
Sesagvani araa, - es gabRenZilobaa (Cven aki gaberilebs imaT
veZaxiT, vinc bevr rameze moiTxovs uflebas, mxolod, ar daum-
saxurebiaT), garna meors ekuTvnis, dia Tavis Tavs Rirsmnilad
ar Tvlis - es sulmokleobaa (vinaTgan sulmokles saxeli imas
aqvs, visac yvela safuZveli gaaCnia samarTlianad diadis Rirsi
iyos, mxolodRa arafers didebulTagans ar iTxovdes); amisda-
mixedviT, sulis damtevneloba aucileblad gabRenZilobasa da
sulmokleobas Soris saSualo iqneba. im saxeobaTagan, Cven rom
davsazRvreT, meoTxe gakicxvas sulac ar imsaxurebs, xolo es
arc suldidobaa, rameTu iq araviTari diadoba ar aris: igi ram
vai - uSvelebels ar ixveweba da arc imsaxurebs mas, - ai amis
gamo im samTagan arcerTs ar upirispirdeba. SeiZleba mogveCve-
nos, vinac cotas iTxovs da misi sakadrisicaa, sapirispiroa
imisa, vinc mniSvnelovans moiTxovs da Tavis Rirsebis Sesaferi-
sadac gveajeba. marTlac, aq araferia urTierTsapirispiro da
arc gasakicxi (viTarmed gonebas yvela eTanxmeba), da TavianTi
1. `romelnic Cven diagramebSi avsaxeT~ - ix. : II, 3, 1221а10 - 31. `gabRenZiloba~

(χαυνότης) konteqstis SinaarsiT SeiZleboda gamogveyenebina qarTuli `Tavis
Tavze didi warmodgena~ Tumca aristoteles terminSi meti xatovneba da
eqspresiaa. `sulmokleoba~ (μικροψυχία) - berZnul terminis etimologiuri
kalkaa, mocemul konteqstSi ufro viwro gagebiT gamoyenebuli - rogorc
`Tavis damcireba~(Tavis damdableba).
wigni mesame 85
bunebiT isini ufro erTnairni brZandebian, rogorc es, aseve

sulgrZeli, (rameTu rac ekuTvniT - iTxoven): erTsac SeeZlo
didsulovani gamxdariyo (rameTu angariSSi CaTvlida imas, razec
uflebamosilia) da meoresac - sulmokle, radgan misTvis miwv-
domad SesamCnev da sapativcemulo keTildReobaTagan arcerTs
ar saWiroebs da ras moimoqmedebda igi, mciredis Rirsi rom
yofiliyo? xom gaibRinZeboda da moiTxovda rarig uzomo, aseve
arc Tu diadsac. amadac aravin ar uwodebs sulmokles imas, vinac
miuxedavad imisa marjvea, did Tanamdebobebs angariSSi ar Tvlis
da xelisuflebisgan ganze yofnas amjobinebs.1 magram sul sxva
saqmea, rawamsac keTilSobilTa gvridan gamosuli Zexorcieli
ganacxadebs, rom xelmZRvanel pirad yofna misTvis metismetia.2
VI
rac Seexeba brwyinvaled guluxv kacs, moqmedebis da arCevanis
es saxeobac rasTanac ginda imasTan ki ar dakavSirebula, mainc
danaxarjebTan, Tuki cxadia am sityvas metaforulad ar gamoviy-
enebT, raki Cinebuleba ar arsebobs gasavalis gareSe. maS ase, zrdi-
lobiani da saTuTi yofaqceva mokazmulobas Txoulobs, oRond,
gana im samkauls, rom gadaixdi da ra ginda ras SeiZen, dabolos
aucilebel xarjebis gadametebas iTxovs. ase, vinc did gasava-
lis dros koxta diadobas irCevs, aseTive Sualeds da amgvarive,
misTvis sakadris siamovnebas ikeTilnebebs, igi didebulia, is
1. metekebi, aTenis arasruluflebiani macxovreblebi, mkvidri aTenelebi rom

ar iyvnen, qalaqis xazinas gadasaxads uxdidnen, saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebze
maT ar irCevdnen da ar niSnavdnen, (metekebi iyvnen aTenuri prozis klasikosi
lisi, da TviT aristotelec)
2. `keTilSobili gvaris adamiani~ - εὺγενής (sityvasityviT `keTilSobili~) -
aristokratiul wodebas mikuTvnebuli, aTenis daweril da dauwerel kanonTa
Tanaxmad, saWiro iyo aqtiurad emonawileva qalaqis politikur cxovrebaSi,
iq mas didi Tanamdeboba unda sWeroda.
86 wigni mesame
ki, vinc didisken miiswrafvis, arc soflisaa da arc qalaqisaa,

mas araferi hqvia; marTalia amas emezoblebian kacni, romelTac
mosulelo yaidis xalxs an molaybeebs1 uwodeben. magaliTad, Tu
rom vinme mdidars sayvareli adamianis lxinis sufraze sakad-
risad miaCnia daxarjos imdeni, ramdenic saWiroa, raTa saluqi,
gawonasworebuli xalxi daapuros da daawyrulos, igi ubralod
wvrilmani kacia; is ki, vinc maspinZlobs imav adamisSvilebs da
zustad ise umaspinZldeba mxolod ara saxelis maZieblobiT da
naWarbad, ybedad CaiTvleba; garna, vinc gadaixdis Rirsebis da
gonebis Sesabamisad, is guluxvia; rigianoba da zrdiloba xom
Rirsqmnilebas Seesabameba, radganac Rirsyofis sapirispiro
znekeTilobad ver Seiracxeba. keTiljerovanic ganvsazRvroT
(vinaidan keTilrigiani xaTrianis Sesabamis znes ganekuTvneba),
angariSs uwevs, vinZlo ra xdeba, (saxeldobr saqorwilo sufra
iSleba Tu sayvarlebis patara qeifia) ra ixarjeba da visTvis, ni-
muSad, feoriis2 gamarTva olimpiaSi kimonis SesaSvenad SeiZleboda
gveRiarebina, dia, araviTar SemTxvevaSi qvena fenebidan Zlivs -
ZlivobiT gamosul TemesToklesi. mxolodRa, vinc avkargianobis
Sesaferisad gaiRebs, gascems rac gaaCnia da ramdenis saSualebac
aqvs, zemoT dasaxelebul samTagan mas vercerTs ver uwodeb. es
Seexeba guluxvobasac, raxan arsebobs kacis Svili, romelsac
verc guluxvs da verc Zunws ver daarqmev.
1. μεγαλοπρέπεια da ὲλευθερίοτης, Cinebuleba da guluxvoba erTob axlomdgomi

mcnebebia, xarjvis xasiaTze migviTiTeben, savaraudoze polisis cxovrebaSi,
Sdr. e. n. II, 1107b: `qonebasTan mibmulia sxva midrekilebani. aq Sualedis
floba - Cinebulebaa, (Cinebuli xom igiv araa rac xelgaSlili: pirveli Tavs
diadSi amJRavnebs, meore - momcroobaSi)~ Sdr. maRla 26 e SeniSvna terminis
μεγαλοπρέπεια avtoriseuli Targmanis qarTulad Casworeba. SeniSvna n. S.
2. àrasakeTilo yaidis xalxi~ - ἀπειρόκαλοι (sityvasityviT ùgemovnoni~), qar-
Tuli sityva `yaida~ agreTve `mxatvrul gemovnebas~ aRniSnavs. `molaqlaqeni~
(σαλάκωνες) xmamaRla da zviadad molaparake xalxi, trabaxebi. aristote-
lesTvis aucilebelia xazgasma rom, molaybeTa danaxarjebi yovlad uazroa.
wigni mesame 87
VII
moWarbeba da danakargi Cvens mier ganxilul saqeb an
dasaZrax zneobaTa TiTqmis yvela saxeobaSi gvxvdeba, aris
Sualedic - `grZnobaTa gavarvarebis~ xarisxis mixedviT.
sityvaze, moSurne an RvarZliani. radResac amgvar bunebis
Tvisebebze vlaparakobT, Rirseul kacxorcielTa damsaxure-
bul keTildReobis mizeziT Suri gvinaRvliandeba, xolo, ra-
sac RvarZliani ganicdis [berZnulSi] saxeli ara aqvs1, Tumca
aseTi miwis Svili sixaruls ver damalavs, vai Tu ubedureba
Rirseul mokvdavebs daumsaxureblad SeemTxvevaT. maT Soris
saSualo – Surismgebelia, Zvelebma rom misagebeli uwodes,
es gaxlavT wuxili usamarTlo ubedurebaTa mizeziT, agreTve
wyenaa daumsaxurebel keTildReobaTa sababiT da sixarulia,
roca erTica da meorec saTanadodaa. amitomac iyo, Zvel droSi
Surisgeba RmerTad iTvleboda2.
simorcxve aris Sua usircxvilobasa da gaubedaobas Soris:
vinac aravis azrs yurad ar iRebs, is uridalia, ukeTu vinme
ganurCevlad yvelas azrs gulTan miitans - mfrTxalia, magram
vinc garegnulad zrdilobis wesebs daicavs, igi morcxvia. Semd-
gom, megobroba aris Sualedi mtrobasa da pirmoTneobas Soris,
1. `feoria~ - igiv berZnuli sityvaa, rogoric Teoria, am SemTxvevaSi saucxoo

sadResaswaulo sanaxaobas niSnavs. am epizods plutarqe Temestokles bio-
grafiaSi (V) axsenebs. `Cavida erTxel olimpiaSi, igi kimons nadimTa did-
mSvenierebaSi, fardulebis da saerTod garemos brwyinvalebaSi gaejibra.
magram es elinebs ar moswondaT: axalgazrda kaci kimonisgan, gamosuli gvaris
wevrisgan, msgavs qmedebebs dasaSvebad miiCnevdnen, xolo, jer arafriT rom ar
gaeTqva saxeli TemesTokles, trabaxad uTvlidnen, radgan yvela xedavda rom
mas gandideba undoda da amisaTvis arc saxsari hqonda da arc damsaxureba~.
2. `RvarZliani~ - ὲπιχαιρέκακος, qarTulSi `RvarZlianoba~ es Tvisebacaa
RvarZlian kacisa da is grZnobacaa, romelsac msgavsi adamiani ganicdis. ber-
ZnulSi aseTi sityva ar aris, amitom RvarZlianobas aritotele ùsaxelos~
(ὰνώνυμον) uwoddebs.
88 wigni mesame
raki Tu vinmes emarjveba Tqven gulisTqmaTa aRsruleba dedami-

waze, is mliqvnelia, romelic yvela survils upirispirdeba,
igi mteria, oRond is, vinac ar ewinaaRmdegeba arcerT Tqvens
siamovnebas, zrunavs saukveTesosTvis ragvar warmogidgeniaT
- megobaria.1 mediduri aris SuaTana TavkerZasa da pirfers
Soris. vinc cxovrebaSi aravis arafers uTmobs didian - patari-
ana ezizReba, igi TavkerZaa, mxolod, vinac mzadaa yvelaferi
iuaros da Tavis Tavs yvelas winaSe amdablebs - maamebelia. Tu
vinme sxvebs angariSs uwevs garna aravis winare ar mdabldeba,
aramed damsaxurebul Zexorcielebis gverdiT Tavs Rirseu-
lad daiWers, igi mediduria.2 alalmarTali anu gulwrfeli,
romelsac agreTve ueSmakosac eZaxian - saSualoa TvalTmaqcs
da mkvexaras Sua.3 rakiRa Tuki vinme sakuTar Tavze gaazrebulad
bevr rasme cuds moWoravs, is TvalTmaqcia, mxolodRa, vinac
cdilobs ukveTesad gamoiyurebodes - baqia gaxlavT, marTalm-
1. `misagebeli~ - νέμεσις - misTvis RvTaeba nemesidas saxeli, romelic bedis

odindel samarTlianobas ganasaxierebs, yvelas damsaxurebisdamixedviT rom
miuzRavs - omonimuria, `Surismgebeli~.
2. .`megobroba~ - φιλία, - `mtroba~ - ε̆χθρα, - `mliqvneloba~ - κολακεία.. sityva
φιλία megobrobas rogorc sazogadoebriv instituts, megobrul keTilgan-
wyobilebas da megobrul guliTadobas aRniSnavs. specialurad am mcnebas
eZRvneba meSvide wigni.
3. berZnuli sityva σεμνότης (`medidureba~) aRniSnavs grZnobas piradi Rirsebi-
sa, Tumca CvenTvis ase gasagebi warmodgenaa, piradul TviTSemecnebaze damyare-
buli, antikur konteqstisTvis arc Tu Sesaferisia. Σεμνoτης qcevis garegnul
mxares ganekuTvneba da Tavis sazogadoebriv mdgomareobis Segnebaze mkafiodaa
orientirebuli, TumcaRa ara adeqvaturze, magram sakmarisad gazviadebulze.
mocemul konteqstSi `siamaye~ warmoadgens Suanas `TavkerZas~ (αὺθάδεια) da
`qedmaRlobas~ anda `pirferobas~ (ὰρέσκεια), an sulac gadaWarbebul Tavazs
Soris, TviT sakuTar Tavis damcirebamde. am Tvisebebis sxva sazRvrebi SeiniS-
neba m. m. - Si. 1192b30 - 35, sadac αὺθαδεια ganmartebulia rogorc `Tavneboba~,
(Tavis Tavi moswons), xolo ὰρέσκεια - `TiTqos unari, urTierTobde yvelasTan
da yvelgan yovelnairad~.
wigni mesame 89
etyveli ki yvelafers ambobs ise rogoradac aris, homerosi mas

STagonebuls1 uwodebs, da saerTod, viT simarTlismoyvarulni
arseboben, brZandebian agreTve sulmrudnic.2
aseve maxvilgoniereba Suana gaxlavT, gonebamaxvili Su-
aledia velurs anu gonebaClungsa da oxunjs Soris3. roca
sakiTxi saWmels exeba, yvelafrismWamelisagan gansxvavebiT
wunia arafers ar miirTmevs, an zoziniT, Zniad iReWeba, imJa-
mad, ra drosac yovelnairismWameli - advilad da yovelgvars
geaxleba, swored ase tetia oinbazTan an lazRandarasTan Tana-
fardia: erTi arasdidebiT ar gaicinebs anda Znelad, xolo meore
Zaldautaneblad da siamovnebiT. wesiT arc ise unda viqceodeT
viTar pirveli da arc imgvarad, ranairadac amas meore akeTebs,
mainc xan ase da xan ise: maxvilgonieri4 amgvari gaxlavT. das-
abuTeba aseTia: gonebamaxviloba (pirdapiri da ara gadataniTi
mniSvnelobiT) nebismier viTarebaSi uaRresad Sesaferisi qcevis
saxeoba da saqebi SuaTanaa, iq, sadac ukiduresobani saZraxisia.
amitomac maxvilgonivroba orgvaria (erTi isaa, rodesac sa-
sacilo ram gixaria, imxanadac, vincobaa Sen gexeba, vinaTgan is
sainteresoa, meore ki - odes Tavad SegiZlia msgavsi saxumaro
ambebis mogoneba), sxvaoba erTsa da meores Soris aSkaraa, rac
1. àlalmarTali~, (ὰληθής) `gulwrfeli~ (ὰπλου̑ς), ùeSmako~ (αὺθέκαστον),

aristoteles mixedviT, gonivrul Sualeds ikavebs `TvalTmaqcs~ an ìroni-
uls~ (εῐρων), da `baqias~ (ὰλαζών) an `fuWadmexotbes~ Soris.
2. àRmafreniTi~ (πεπνύμενος) - homerosTan òdiseaSi~ aTena, laparakobs ra
winaswarmetyvel nestorze, mas `mravladSTagonebuls~ (μέγα πεπνύμενος) uwo-
debs. (III. 20). merZnuli sityvis semantikis ganviTareba swored am mimarTule-
biT vidoda: `STagonebidan~ da ganWvretidan inteleqtualur Zlierebisaken.
3. `simarTlismoyvare~ - φιλαλήθης, `sulmrudi~ - φιλοψευδής, sityvasity.:
`sicruismoyvare~.
4. `maxvilgonieri~ - εὺτράπελος, sityvasityviT `gaqnili~, `cuRluti~, `ve-
luri~ `gagria~ - ᾰγροικος. (ix. me 19 e SeniSvna), `gonebaClungi~ anda ùger-
gilo~ - δυστράπελος, `lazRandara~ - ρωμόλοχος.
90 wigni mesame
xels ar uSlis arc erTsa da arcaRa meores Suanani iyvnen. ra-

meTu, Tu rom vinmes Semfaseblis gamxarebel moswrebul sityvaTa
mofiqreba SeuZlia, vinZlo TviT masze xumroben, es masxarasa
da gonebaClungs Sorisi Sua iqneba. maxvilgonieris amgvari
gansazRvreba ukveTesia, vidre, vTqvaT aseTi, << visi xumrobac
uwyinaria Tavad imisTvis viszec xumrobs – o >>. ginda, ar ginda,
jer ars imis guli movinadiroT, vinc SuaSia: zedmiwevniT is
aris mcodne da damfasebeli.
TumcaRa, es SuaTanani rogori saqeburni ar unda iyvnen,
isini saTnoebaTa dedaarsni rodi brZandebian, isvee rarig maTi
sapirispironi mankierebaTa raobad ver CaiTvlebian: aq ar aris
mjobinebuli arCevani. yvelaferi es sxvadasxva gvaris gancdaTa
an gatacebaTa Soris gamijvna gaxlavT, viTarmed, zemoT dasax-
elebuli Sualedebidan an ganapiraTagan TiToeuli raRac Jinia,
magram, vinaidan bunebriv arsTa TvisebaTa matarebelni arian,
namdvil saTnoebebs emTxvevian. ragvar mogvianebiT aRvniSnavT1,
yoveli siqvele viT bunebrivi, ise sxvagvari - SegnebasTan
SeerTebulicaa. ase, Suri mxolod usamarTlobas Sexvdeba
(radgan misgan gamomavali moqmedebani sxva gvars ekuTvnis),
oRond Surisgeba - samarTlianobis xelSia, darcxvena - ubi-
woebis; umwikvloebas am saxeobis SigniT zustad am mizeziT
gansazRvraven; rac Seexeba marTalmetyvels da crus, erTi
windaxedulia meore windauxedavia.
Semdgom, urTierTsapirispirooba birTvsa da ganapireebs Sua
aSkaraa, vidre TviT am kideganebs Soris, amis Sedegad SuaTana
arcerT ukiduresobaSi ar ilufxeba, hai – hai isini erTmaneTs
xSir - xSirad emsgavsebian da xdeba xolme, xalxi mSiSaragambeda-
via, an raRacaSi daudevarni, raimeSi Zunwebi da saerTod, ugvani
azriT - araCveulebrivni. radganac, vai Tu isini kargi gagebiT
1. `ragvar mogvianebiT aRvniSnavT~ - ix. : Е.Е. У, 13 (= E.N. VI, 13), Sdr. agreTve
E.N. П, 7 и IV, 12-14.
wigni mesame 91
gamorCeulan, mas Semdeg ukiduresebs Sua saSualoni iqnebian,

vinaidan Suaguli erTgvari mwvervalia.
kideganebis Sualed nawilTan damokidebuleba dapirdapir-
ebulad warmogvidgeba, mxolod sapirispirooba orive kidedan
erTnairi araa, aramed erTi mxridan - gadametebuli, meore frT-
edan ki - daudevrobaa. amaSi damnaSave is ori mizezia, romelTa
Sesaxebac zemoT vTqviT da kerZod, romeliRac ukmaroba, ro-
goradac magaliTad ugrZnoblebs aqvT sasiamovnosadmi da kidev
is, rom araTanabrad dacilebadi gadaxrebi metnaklebad urT-
ierTsapirispirod gveCvenebian. mesame is iqneba, sadac msgavseba
moWarbebulia, iq urTierTsapirispirooba naklebad mJRavndeba,
ranairadac es SemmarTebelis gabedulTan urTierTdamokideb-
ulebaSi da daudevaris xelgaSlilTan urTierTkavSirSi moxda.
amnairad, TiTqmis yvela saqebur saTnoebaze iTqva: axla
samarTlianobazec vilaparakoT.
92 wigni mesame
hermesi
wign
nii meoT
Txxe
e
I
axla samarTlianoba da usamarTloba ganvixiloT: ragvari
qcevebia maTTan dakavSirebuli, ra Suanas warmoadgens samar-
Tlianoba da kerZod rasTan mimarTebaSia samarTliani rogorc
saSualo. kvlevis Cveneburi meTodi de igive darCes.1
cnobilia, samarTlians iseT Tvisebas eZaxian, romlis wyalo-
biTac adamianebi kanonier nabijebs dgamen, anu risTvisac isini
moqmedeben da marTebT amisdakvalad moiqcnen. igive iTqmis us-
amarTlobaze, ris sababiTac Tavi umarTlod uWiravT da undaT
ualalmarTloni brZandebodnen. de es iyos gafrTxileba Cveni
kvlevisTvis.2
Tumc, RirsebaTa, codnaTa da unarTa SemTxvevaSi saqme erT-
1. `meTodi . . . de igive darCes~ - meTodebis gavrcelebul ganxilvebze damyare-

bul eTikis saerTo meTodze miniSnebaa, (ε̆νδοξα). ix. agreTve `sami saSualo
wignis problemis Sesaxeb. . . ~ C. II, b.
2. 129а6 - 11: Sdr. heliodores perifrazi: `samarTlianoba da usamarTloba
de iyvnen isini, romelTa mfarvelobiTac Cven samarTlian moqcevas unda viz-
raxvideT da romelTa wyalobiTac ar unda gulvizraxvideT samarTlian moq-
medebas. radgan zneobiT saTnoebebs yovel jerze unda waumZRvanoT Segnebuli
ganzraxvis mcneba, sxvagvarad maT ver gaarCev~. anonimi SeniSnavs: `man es Tqva
ara rogorc gansazRvreba, radgan SeuZlebelia erTi gagebulebiT dadgena
samarTlianobisac da usamarTlobisac, rameTu Semdgom giCvenebs igi, rom maT
Sesaxeb mravali azri gamoiTqmis~.
94
gvarovnad rodia:1 urTierTsapirispiroTaTvis erTnairi saSu-

aleba da erTi codna arsebobs, xolo sapirispirosaTvis erTi
da igive Tviseba mizezi ver iqneba, - magaliTisTvis, SeuZlebelia
sijansaRe janmrTelis raime sapirispiros sababi iyos da Cven
vambobT: ìgi nabijebs uavado kacis Sesaferisad adgamso~, Tu
vinme dadis ise ranairadac es saRsalamaTs SeSvenis. xSirad
sawinaaRmdego Rirseba misi mopirdapireTi icnoba da arcTu iS-
viaTad igi misiv qvemdebariTaa2 sacnauri. nimuSad, Tuki CvenTvis
advilgasagebi gaxdeba, ra aris tanis simrTele, isic misaxvedri
Seiqmneba vinZlo ra SeiZleba iyos sxeulis sisuste, imav dros
gamZleoba imis safuZvelze gairCeva, Tu rom ra flobs simagris
damaxasiaTebel niSans, simtkicis arsidan gamomdinare ki gamoaS-
karavdeba, aris vai Tu ara sxeuli cxovelmosili. ase, vincobaa
simagres tanis kunTebis simkvrived ganvsazRvravT, sisuste
maTi - dondlooba iqneba, oRond, gvamis gamaZlierebeli - Ses-
aZlebelia kunTebis gamamkvrivebeli iyos. aqedan, ragvar wesi,
gamodis, vai Tu sulis [erTmaneTisadmi Sepirispirebul oridan
erT - erT Rirsebaze] mravalgvari azri gamoiTqmeba3, sxvadasxva
1. heleodore: ìmisaTvis rom icode da niWieri iyo, aucilebelia `niWieri

brZandebode~ xolo, gqondes gulzraxva miucilebeli rodia, radgan visac
madli aqvs mkurnalisa, is - eqimia, Tundac maSinac, roca mas dastaqroba arc
ewadinebodes, radgan saeqimo xelovnebis codna mkurnalobis usurvelobas
ver SeewinaaRmdegeba ~.
2. `misiv qvemdebariTaa sacnauri~ - aq τἀ ὑποκείμενα Si sxeuli an moqmede-
baa nagulisxmevi, anu is, rac `janmrTelobis~ gansazRvrebas eqvemdebareba
(`janmrTeli sxeulebi~), ris Sesaxebac rogorc qvemdebaris Taobaze `janmr-
Teloba~. amrigad `gamoiTqmis~, τὰ ὺποκειμενα = τὰ καθ' ῶν λέγεται.
2. sqoliasti SeniSnavs: `SemTxvevaTa simravlis gamo~ aristotelem erTob
zustad SeniSna, radgan saqme yovelTvis ase ar aris. magaliTad, Tumca `si-
yvarulze~ sxvadasxvagvarad amboben, misi sapirispiro `siZulvili~ mra-
valmniSvnelovani rodia, swored ase ùneburze~ mravalnairad gveubnebian
(iZulebiTis, da ucodinrobis Sedegado), xolo, nebayoflobiTze amdengvarad
ar laprakoben.
wigni meoTxe 95
mniSvnelobiT moixsenieba meorec, vTqvaT, Tu `samarTliani~

[mravalsaxovania], ùsamarTloc~ aseTive darCeba.
II
samarTlianobasa da usamarTlobaze, rarig Cans, erTimeo-
resagan gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobiT laparakoben. oRond am
niSnadobaTa siaxlove maT omonimias faravs, erTmaneTisagan
savsebiT gamorCeul rameebis dros ufro da ufro SesamCnevi
romaa (maT Soris yvela sxvaoba xom umalve aSkaraa), - saxel-
dobr, roca `sakets~ uwodeben cxovelis mxaris Zvalsac da
imasac, riTac kars ketaven.
vnaxoT, ùsamarTloze~ ramdeni mniSvnelobiT gvelapara-
kebian. umarTlos kanonis gadamxvevis saxelsac miakuTvneben
da angarebianisac, meti da meti simdidrisken mltolvelis,
anu Tanasworobis damrRvevis. aqedan Cans `samarTliani~ kanons
daemorCileba da igic, vinc Tanabarzomierebas icavs. Sesabam-
isad, samarTliani - kanonieri da Tanabaruflebiania, umarTlo
- ukanono da uTanasworo.
radgan ukanono fulis xarbia, is garkveuli keTildReobe-
biT aris dainteresebuli, garna ara yvelaTi, aramed marto im
dRekeTilobebiT, romlebTanac warmateba da warumateblobaa
dakavSirebuli, - TumcaRa isini TavisTavad yoveldros keTil-
dReobani arian, dia vinmesTvis - ara yovelTvis. xalxi ki
Cveulebrivad marto amgvar dRekeTilobebisTvis loculobs
da mxolod aseTebisken iswrafvian, ase moqceva urigoa, mainc
gvmarTebs vixverwoT imisaTvis, rom udavo keTildReobani maT-
Tvisac iyos, mxolodRa raTa erTis romelimesken veSurebodeT,
aseT dros Segvferis saCvenod batonkacuri cxovreba avirCioT.
usamarTlo yovelTvis ar irCevs raRac mets da dids, xandaxan
igi mcirediTac kmayofildeba - im SemTxvevaSic, Tuki saqme
uciloblad cudTan aqvs. xolo, raki mcire boroteba rogorc
96 wigni meoTxe
cnobilia sikeTed gveZleva, sixarbe ki sikeTiskenaa mimarTuli,

am xanad igi angarebianad CaiTvleba. gamodis, - `Tanasworobis
damrRvevia~. es gageba orTave SemTxvevas moicavs da ufro
saerToa.1
III
radganac kanonis Semomvlels Cven usamarTlo vuwodeT, kan-
onis damcvels ki samarTliani, maSin aSkaraa, yvelaferi kanon-
ieri raRac azriT samarTlianicaa: kanoniT miTiTebuli yovelive
kanonieria, Cven ki vamtkicebT esden yovelive amgvari marTebu-
liao. norma yvela moqalaqes exeba, magram maTi Sesruleba an
sulac yvelasTvisaa xelsayreli, an didgvarovnebisTvis, an imaT-
Tvis vinc Tavisi piradi Rirsebebis wyalobiT xelisuflebaSia,
anda raime analogiuri saxiT, - ase erT SemTxvevaSi samarTlians
imas varqmevT, rac gabednierebaSi Segveweva da yvelaferSi ra-
sac saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi hqvia.2 wesi migviTiTebs agremc
simxneve gvmarTebs (magaliTad, ar mivatovoT adgili mwkrivSi,
ar gaviqceT brZolis velidan, ar gavagdoT xelidan iaraRi),
viyoT umwikvloni (arc vimruSoT da viTavxedoT), vimorCiloT,
1. sqoliasti: usamarTlo erTob angarebianad miiCneva, radgan met da yovelgvar

keTildReobas Tavisken eqaCeba, - maS ratom ar unda vuwodoT mas mcired an-
garebiani (μειονέκτες), raki yoveli borotebidan is Zalze cotas irCevs? imitom
rom, naklebi boroteba keTildReobebis mimarT erTgvar angarebad iTvleba,
rogorc naTqvamia, xolo, sixarbis siyvaruli yovelTvis keTildReobiskenaa
mimarTuli. ase rom usamarTlo ise rogorc angari Tanasworobas ar icavs,
radgan ùTanasworo~ gvevlineba rogorc zogadi mcneba da keTildReobis
mosapoveblad Tavis TavSi viT angarebis moyvarulobas, agreTve cudSi mci-
redad angarebianobas Seicavs.
2. sqoliasti: - `saxelmwifoebrivi cxovreba~ imitom aris damatebuli, rom
kanonebs zneobriobebs ara rogorc aseT miaweren, aramed sazogado sargeb-
els ganmartaven, maTgan rom warmoiSvebian da gvaiZuleben am sargebelTan
Tanaziarni viyoT.
wigni meoTxe 97
(arcaRa viCxuboT da ginebiT ar avikloT aremare) - amgvarad

igi exeba sxva saTnoebebsac da mankebsac, erTs gviTiTebs, meores
gvikrZalavs. zedmiwevniT Sedgenili kanoni am yvelafers gzianad
warmarTavs, ugulisyurod Txzuli wesi – ukeTurebis gzaze
dagvayenebs.
am azriT samarTlianoba dasrulebuli da mTliani saTnoebaa.
amitom samarTlianobas pativs scemen viT udidess saTnoebaTa So-
ris da arc Tu ise ukvirT `Suqi ciskris da Ramis varskvlavisa~.1
da andazis Tanaxmadac `piruTvneloba ragindara saTnoebas2 Tavis
TavSi krebs~. is sinamdvileSi yvelaze srulyofili zneobrio-
baa, vinaidan moixmaro igi, es niSnavs srulyofili saTnoeba
moimarjvo . misi wundaudebloba isaa, vinZlo mas flob, es
saSualebas gaZlevs sxvebisTvisac akeTo sikeTe da ara mxolod
Seni TavisaTvis. umTavresad adamis Svilebi zneobrivni mxolod
TavianTi axloblebisadmi brZandebian, sxvaTa winaSe ki aRar Za-
luZT. amadaa mSvenieri gamonaTqvami romelsac biants miaweren:
`Zalaufleba gviCvenebs moRvawes~- o, raxan gamgebeli marTavs
sxvebs gareSeebTan erTad. swored am mizeziT yvela saTnoebaTagan
erTi samarTlianoba iTvleba TiTqos `sxvaTa sikeTed~,3 aki igi
sxvebisTvis arsebobs, is - sargebels sxvas aZlevs, mmarTveli
iqneba Tu nebismieri moqalaqe. gamodis, uaresi igia, vinc Tavis
TavisTvisac uzneoa da sisxlis da xorcis mimarTac, mxolod,
ukveTesi is ki araa, vinc sakuTar Tavs ukeTebs sikeTes, mainc
xom igia, vinac sxvebisTvis madlianobs, rakiRa es ufro Znelia.
1. leqsi evripides dakarguli tragediidan (fr. 486, Nauck).

2. Sdr. Teognide, gv. 147.
3. `samarTlianoba TiTqos sxvaTa sikeTed~ iTvleba, - ix. platoni. `saxelm-
wifo~, 343сl-5sll., sadac sofisti Trasimaqe Tavis Tvalsazriss icavs samar-
Tlianobis rogorc sxvaTa keTildReobis Sesaxeb anu `raRac sasargeblo
uZlieresisTvis, mmarTvelisTvis, xolo sxvisi mona - morCili Semsrulebli-
saTvis es wminda wylis zaralia~. Sdr. agreTve 392b3.
98 wigni meoTxe
ase rom, samarTlianoba am gagebiT - kerZo araa, erTiani

saTnoebaa da misi sapirispiro usamrTloba mankis nawili ki ar,
aramed mTlianad mankiereba gaxlavT. aq ra sxvaobaa saTnoebasa da
samarTlianobas Soris? naTqvamidan unda aSkaravdebodes: orive
erTi da imav [sulier Tvisebas] amJRavnebs, garna yofierebiT
erTnairni ar arian.1 vinaTgan Tu rom sxviskenaa mimarTuli, es
samarTlianobaa, mxolodRa, vincobaa TavisTavadia - saTnoebaa.
IV
TumcaRa ki Cveni kvlevis mTavari sagani piruTvnelobaa,
viT kerZo SemTxveva [zneobrivi] saTnoebisa, rameTu, rogoradac
vamtkicebT – aseTic arsebobs. agreTve – aris usamarTlobac
TiTqos nawili mankierebisa. misi arseboba SemdegiT mtkicdeba:
ukeTu vinme sulelurad iqceva, igi Tumc usamarTloa, xolo an-
garebiani araviTar SemTxvevaSi brZandeba, amgvars Tavis mSiSaro-
bis gamo SeuZlia faric moisrolos, gaRizianebulma waiuxeSos,
siZunwis mizeziT fuliT xeli ar gagimarTos, magram, ra drosac
kacis Svili gamomrCeni da xelis momTbobia, igi umeteswilad
aseT rames arc moimoqmedebs, dabolos gimuxTlebs da urjulod
mogepyroba - amitomac kicxaven. maS ase, aris sxva usamarTlobac,
romelic pirvels viTar nawili mTels ise ganekuTvneba, da mcneba
`simrude~ am azriTaa nakveTi usamarTlobis metad sazogado
gagebisa, `kanonsawinaaRmdegos~ gulisxmisyofiT.
da kidev, daskvna: xdeba erTi gamorCenis mizniT mruSobs,
meore ki Tavis vnebas acxrobs, ris Sedegadac Tavad ixarjeba
1. Sdr. E.N. VI, 1141b24, sadac aristotele erTmaneTs swored amgvarad up-
irispirebs politikur xelovnebas da gonivrulobas, iyenebs termins ε̆ξις
da τὸ εῖναι. sqoliastis SeniSvna: `zneobriobis gansazRvreba: saTnoeba aris
saukveTeso mdgomareoba gonier sulisa, samarTlianoba ki gaxlavs - gamoyeneba
miTiTebul mdgomareobisa meoresTan mimarTebiT, amitom qvemdebaris mixedviT
(τῶ ύποκειμἑνω) isini erTi da igiveni arian, xolo gansazRvrebiT da arsiT (κατὰ
τὸν λόγον καὶ τὸ εῖναι) gansxvavdebian~. qvemdebared aq gonieri suli igulisxmeba.
wigni meoTxe 99
da wagebulia. mas xalxi uwinaresad gaxrwnils uwodebs vidre

vercxlismoyvares, mxolod, pirvels usamarTlod monaTlaven
oRond ara aRviraxsnilad, cxadia ratomac, esden igi angare-
bianad iqceva. da kidev: yvela sxva umarTlo saqcieli yovelT-
vis raime biws ukavSirdeba. nimuSad, vai Tu vinme avxorcobs -
garyvnilobis Sedegia, vincobaa omSi megobari miatova - mSiSaraa,
iCxuba - raki ganrisxda. Tu sarfis mZebnelia, ara romelime
uzneobis, aramed usamarTlobis mizeziT.
amnairad, aSkaraa, ukanonobis gverdiT sxvac gvxvdeba, kerZo,
misi Tanamosaxele, isini diaRac erTsa da imav gvarSi moiazre-
bian. orTave mcnebis Sida mniSvneloba sxvasTan Tanafardobaze
gvatyobinebs, erTi calkeuli [usamarTloba], pativiscemas-
Tanaa dakavSirebuli, fulTan an TviTgadarCenis instiqtTan,
- yvelaferTan, rasac Cven erT saxels ver davarqmevT da - misi
mamoZravebeli mogebiT tkbobaa, meore ki saganTa im wresTanaa
Serwymuli, romelTanac WeSmaritad zneobrivi kacxorcieli
iyo mikuTvnebuli.
V
cxadia, ramdenime samarTlianobaa, da aris samarTlianoba,
gamorCeuli saTnoebis sazogado gagebisagan, - ganvixiloT raa
igi da ranairia misi gansxvavebuli Strixebi. amrigad, usamarT-
lo gansazRvrulia ragvaradac ukanono da araTanabari, mxolo-
dRa samarTliani - rogorc kanonieri da zomieri. usamarTloba,
romelzec Cven zemoT vlaparakobdiT, ukanonos mniSvnelobas
Seesatyviseboda. kanonis sawinaaRmdego da arawyobieri igiveni
ar gaxlavan, garna gansxvavdebian ranairadac nawili ganirCeva
mTlianisagan (xom yoveli kanonsawinaaRmdego arasworia, dia
yvela araswori rodia kanonsapirispiro), - aseve usamarTlo da
usamarTloba [am ori SinaarsiT] igivi ki ar iqnebian, mainc ragvar
mTliani da nawili erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian: (TiTqos yove-
100 wigni meoTxe

live ukanono arazomieria, TumcaRa yoveli arawyobieri rodia

ukanono), agre usamarTloba da usamarTlo [am ori niSnadobiT]
erTnairni ki ar brZandebian, aramed viT mTliani da ganayofi
erTmaneTisagan ganirCevian. usamarTloba kerZo gagebiT aris
saerTod umarTlobis nawili, viTar simarTle samarTlianobis
Sesaferisia. amis gamo samarTlianobasa da urjuloebaze viT
kerZoze unda vTqvaT, zustad iseve, rarig vityviT - samarTliansa
da cruze.
aserigad, sazogadod zneobriobad da [biwianobad] miCneuli
samarTlianoba da usamarTloba jerjerobiT davtovoT (pirveli
aris gamoyeneba zneobrivi saTnoebisa savsebiT meoresTan mimarTe-
baSi, meore _ uzneobaa). aqedan agreTve aSkaraa, Tu am azriT
samarTliani da usamarTlo rarig ganisazRvreba: [samarTliani
rogoradac] kanonzomierebiT dadgenili, zneobriobis cnevis
sferos gavlenaSi TiTqmis srulad eqceva, radgan kakonebi zneo-
briobis yvela saxeobas aweseben da biwierebas krZalaven. sul
mTlad zneobriobiT ganpirobebuli qcevani kaknonmorCilebad
gvevlinebian, isini mokvdavTa aRsazrdelad samarTaliT arian
dadgenilni, im mizniT, rom sazogadoebisaTvis keTilismyofelni
viyoT. rac Seexeba TiToeuli kacxorcielis cal - calke aRzr-
das, romlis wyalobiTac mokvdavi saTnod TavisTavad iwodeba,
gvevaleba gamovarkvioT, es saxelmwifo vinZlo sxva romelime
codnas ganekuTvneba, raki iyo kargi Zexorcieli da rigiani moqa-
laqe brZandebode, viT Cans yovelTvis erTi da igive ar gaxlavs.
axla kerZo1 samarTlianobaze vTqvaT, da Sesabamisad imaze,
Tu raa samarTliani. misi erTi saxeoba Tanamdebobebis fulis
da yvela danarCenis ganawilebasTanaa dakavSirebuli, raic unda
yofiliyo ganwiluli saxelmwifoSi TanamoqalaqeTa Soris
1. anonimi: `yuradsaRebia, igi samarTlianobas yvelgan zneobriobis `nawils~

uwodebs da ara `saxeobas~, rom samarTlianoba zneobriobas ara rogorc gvars,
aramed rogorc mTlians ganekuTvneba~.
wigni meoTxe 101

(aq kidevac SeiZleba saxelmwifos qveSevrdomni erTmaneTis

pirispir, Tanabar an araTanabar mdgomareobaSi) aRmoCdnen,
meore ki [mruds] gamarTavs, warmoSobils sxvadasxva saqmiani
garigebis dros. es saxeoba Tavis mxriv orgvaria, moqmedebaTa
erTi nawili nebayoflobiTia xolo meore - ara; survilnebiTad
magaliTad gayidva SeiZleba davasaxeloT, yidva, Tavdeboba,
sesxi, vali procentiT, girao, gaqiraveba (neba - survilad
isini im mizeziT iwodebian, agremc maT viTar moeqeifianebaT,
ise iwyeben), magram aranebayoflobiTad an malulad (qurdoba,
col - qmaris Soris Ralati, mowamvla, maWankloba, monebis
gadabireba, kvla, crumowmeoba), an iZulebiTad (cema - tyepa,
datusaReba, sikvdilis misja, Zarcva, dasaxiCreba, cilis wameba,
Seuracxyofa).
VI
radganac usamarTlo Tanasworobas arRvevs da ukanono
saqcieli ki uTanasworobisaken migvaqanebs, aSkaraa utoloTa
Soris raRac Suanac iqneba. albaT Tanabari, vinaidan romel
qcevebSic arsebobs cota da bevri, iq `zomieric~ iarsebebs.
amgvaradve, vincobaa usamarTlo araTanabaria, gamodis, samar-
Tliani - Tanagvari gaxlavs, es yvelasTvis gasagebia yovel-
gvari ganxilvis gareSe. Semdgom, ukeTu tolZaliani SuaSia,
kanonieric raRac Suanadaa sagulvebeli. TanafardTa kavSiri
yvelaze cota or wevrs mainc gulisxmobs. Sesabamisad piruT-
vnels hmarTebs Sua da fardi brZandebodes da raki Suanaa, im
dros rameebs Soris unda gaxlavdes, (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs `meti~
da `naklebi~) raxan Tanafardia, raimesTan baribaria, rakiRa
igi miukerZoebelia - imxanad vinmesTvis. Sesabamisad kanonieri
SesaZlebelia iyos Tanatoloba yvelaze cota oTx wevrs Soris:
saWiroa arsebobdnen isini, visTvisac marTebuleba dgindeba,
igini ki orni arian da raRac, raic [maT Soris nawildeba] anu
102 wigni meoTxe

TiToeulisTvis sargunebeli, isinic wyvilni brZandebian. ase

iqneba erTnairi Tanasworoba amaTsa da imaTs Sua, raki rogori-
caa Sefardeba pirTa Soris, safiqrebelia wilTa Sesamgvanobac
aseTivea. gana, vai Tu pirovnebebi uTanasworoni gaxlavan, maTi
wilebic araTanabarni iqnebian _ ai saidan warmoiSoba yvela
umZraxoba da braldebani, ros Tanasworebs uTanabro wili aqvT
mikuTvnebuli an araTanabarzomierebi ganawilebisas erTsa da
imaves iReben. `saTanadoobis mixedviT~ principi amas kargad
arkvevs: yvela eTanxmeba imas, rom jer ars `damsaxurebis mixed-
viT~ nawildebodes, oRond demokratiis momxreebi moqalaqeTa
`damsaxurebaSi~ Tavisufal dabadebas xedaven, oligarqiis mimy-
olni _ simdidres da xandaxan didgvarovnebas, aristokratiis
mosagreebi _ pirad Rirsebebs.
amisdamixedviT, samarTlianoba erTgvari proporciaa. mar-
Tlac, proporcia ara marto erTeul, yvela ricxvs1 axasiaTebs.
gatoleba xom gaTanasworebaa [aranakleb ori] Tanafardobisa da
minimum oTx wevrs gulisxmobs2 (cxadia, oTxi wevris proporcia
wyvetilia, garna aqve uwyveti proporciacaa SesaZlebeli3, rode-
sac erT wevrs iyeneben ragvaradac ors, anu odes igi meordeba,
1. aq nagulisxmevia gansxvaveba ricxvebisa (miCneuli kerZod ricxvebad) da

daTvladi ricxvebi, romlis miRmac gadaTvladi sagnebia nagulisxmari (ufro
swored ki sidideebi - geometriuli figurebiT dawyebuli sxeulebiT dam-
Tavrebuli). ix. anonimi, 216.32. wyaro - aristotele. fizika - IV, 219b5 - 8.
SeiZleba iTqvas rom aq aristotele ricxvSi raodenobas gulisxmobs: ricxvi
diskretuli erTeulebiT Sedgenili raodenobaa (`ricxvi monada~) xolo
sidideebi (wertilebi, wrfeebi, sibrtyeebi, sxeulebi) raodenobis dedaarsi
uwyvetia da am azriTac `ricxvebia~.
2. `gaTanasworebaa [aranakleb ori] Tanafardobisa da minimum oTx wevrs gu-
lisxmobs~ - saerTo formulis Tanaxmad a:b = c:d., sadac Tanafardoba (λόγοι)
a:b = c:d Sefardebis (ὰναλογία) meSveobiT proporcias ayalibeben.
3. `wyvetili proporcia~ - iseTi, romelsac saerTo wevri (termini) ar
miemarTeba, ase rom terminTa Soris kavSiria gawyvetili; ùwveti proporciaa~
- romelsac saerTo termini aqvs.
wigni meoTxe 103

sityvaze: a iseve Seefardeba b - s, rogorc b Seefardeba c - s.

am SemTxvevaSi b ojer gveZleva. ase, Tuki b - s orjer CavsvamT,
mas Semdeg Tanafardobis wevrebi oTxi1 gveyoleba). amrigad,
samarTlianobisTvis agreTve aucileblad gvesaWiroeba aranak-
leb oTxi wevrisa da aseTive maTi fardobac. pirebi da wilebic
namdvilad ase nawildebian. gamodis: ragvar a Seefardeba b - s,
aseve c miemarTeba d - s, mxolodRa Tu adgilebs gacvlian, a Seef-
ardeba c - s, xolo b proporciuli iqneba d - sTan; maS ase, mona-
cemTa namravli orTav wyvilisa erTmaneTTan aseve mimarTebulni
iqnebian - urTierTobaTa ganmanawilebeli monawileni amnairad
Seewyobian da maTi wyvilebis SeTavseba mxolod am pirobebSia
gamarTlebuli.
VII
Sesabamisad, terminebis damokidebuleba a - c sTan da b - d
sTan ganawilebuli samarTlianobaa; kanonierebis es saxe - Sua-
naa, usamarTloba ki proporcias arRvevs, aki proporcia Suaa,
magram samarTliani proporciaa.2 (aseT proporcias maTemaTikaSi
geometriuli hqvia: masSi wevrebis jami Tanafardia, iseve, ro-
gorc calkeuli sidideebi erTmaneTisadmi, oRond es propor-
cia uwyveti ki ar aris, rakiRa arcerT wyvils ara aqvs saerTo
termini, arc saxis aRmniSvneli da arca rameebisa.) amgvarad
samarTlianoba - proporciaa garna usamarTloba - proporciis
darRvevaa. Sesabamisad aq ukve gvaqvs `meti~ an `cota~, ranai-
radac saqmeSic gvxvdeba: usamarTlo nametan keTildReobas
iRebs mxolod samarTliani - Zalze cotas. cudTan - yvelaferi
1. `Tuki b - s orjer CavsvamT~ maSin saerTo formulis mixedviT proporcia

oTxi wevrisagan iqneba a ; b = c.
2. anonimi: `rom es samarTlianoba agreTve Suana gaxlavT, Semdegi silogizmiT
mtkicdeba: es samarTlianoba proporciaa, xolo proporcia Suanaa; daskvna:
Sesabamisad samarTlianoba Suaaa, raki proporcia Suaaa. SesaniSnavia!~
104 wigni meoTxe

piriqiTaa, vinaTgan did borotebasTan SedarebiT mcire boroteba

dRekeTilobad iTvleba da mcire boroteba didze namjobinebia;
irCeven yovelTvis sikeTes da rac metia - miT ukveTesi.
aseTia samarTlianobis erTi saxeoba. kanonierebis meore
gvari, sxvadasxva juris saqmiani urTierTgacvlebis gammarTav
- gamasworebelia, viT nebayoflobiTis aseve iZulebiTis. misi
winamorbedisagan gansxvavebulia. marTlac, samarTlianoba
sazogadoebis qonebis Suaze gayofasTanaa dakavSirebuli, zemoT-
Tqmuli yovelTvis Sefardebis mixedviT xorcieldeba, rameTu
(saerTo fulis ganawilebis drosac samarTliani ganwilva
Sesaferi iqneba zustad im proporciul mimarTebisa, romelic
[xazinaSi] calkeul moqalaqeTa Senatanebs Soris dgindeba; Se-
sabamisad am samarTlianobis sapirispiro usamarTloba arRvevs
aRniSnul proporcias.
miuxedavad amisa, yvela rjulis gacvlebSi arsebuli samar-
Tlianoba raRac tolobaa (dia usamarTloba uTanasworobaa), da
ara geometriul, mainc ariTmetikul fardobas Seesabameba. ra
mniSvneloba aqvs kargma adamianma gaZarcva cudi Tu ukeTurma
kargi gaqurda, aseve rigiani adamisSvili Caeflo garyvnilebaSi
Tu uvargisi gaixrwna. ara, kanoni miyenebul zarals Soris sx-
vaobas iTvaliswinebs da mxareebs rarig TanabaruflebianT ise
ganixilavs - asxvavebs ra, vinZlo vin Caidina usamarTloba, vin
ganicada, vin dauSava meores, vis winaSe Sescodes. msajulni
lamoben es usamarTlo uTanasworoba rogorme gaasworon.
raJams erTs daartyes xolo meorem uTavaza, an rawamsac aman
mokla da is mkvdaria, moqmedeba da gadatanili arasworadaa ga-
nawilebuli, - sasjelis meSveobiT zedmiwevniT amis gasworebas
mosamarTleebi miRebul sargeblis arTmeviT cdiloben. (msgavs
SemTxvevebSi `sargebelze~ sityvas simartivisaTvis agdeben,
maSinac ki, roca es sityva Seuferebelia, magaliTad imisadmi
wigni meoTxe 105

vinc daartya, an `dazaralebaze~1 - imis mimarT vinc dazianda.

magram, roca wamebuli mxare dadgenilia, erTi `dazaralebulad~
iwodeba oRond meore - `nasargeblebad~). amrigad, Tanazomieri
aris Suana `didsa~ da `mcires~ Soris, garna sargebeli da wageba
rogorc `meti~ an `cota~ urTierTsapirispironi gaxlavan:
rodesac kargi metia da cudi cotaa, es sargebelia, mxolod,
ra drosac piriqiTaa - zaralia. maT Sorisaa - Tanatoloba, rac
Cven rogoradac samarTlianoba ise ganvsazRvreT. aserigad, we-
sivruli miukerZovebloba iqneba Sua wagebasa da mogebas Soris.
marTlac, amis Sedegadaa, samoqalaqo ambebis mizeziT erT-
maneTze wakidebul - SekamaTebuli moqalaqeni mosamarTleebTan
rom garbian, - msajulTan waxvide, es niSnavs samarTlis saZebnad
gadgomas, yadi diaRac cdilobs kanonierebis gansaxiereba iyos.
aseT dros mosamarTles viTar Suakacs eZeben, [zogan]2 ki msajuls
Suamavals pirdapir uwodeben, hgoniaT, ipovnian ra Sualeds,
TviT samarTals miakvleven. Sesabamisad samarTlianoba brZan-
deba raRac Suana, viTarmed mosamarTlec aseTia. amisdamixedviT,
msajuli Tanasworobas ar adgens, - igi TiTqos uTanabro mon-
akveTebze ganawilebul xazs asworebs: ramdenadac didi naWeri
naxevarze upiratesia, imdenad igi mas arTmevs da mcires umatebs.
odes mTeli xazi oradaa gayofili, im dros amboben - TiToeuls
Tavisi miezRovo, anu, ros mxareebi erTnairad iReben.
ariTmetikul proporciis Tanaxmad toloba `didsa~ da
`mcires~ Soris Suanaa. amisaTvis samarTals ewodeba Δuκαιον, anu
radgan igi orad yofs (Δukα), SegviZlia amis magivrad vTqvaT
Δuκαιον `samarTali~, xolo nacvlad Δuκαcmec - Δuχαcmec,
1. `maSinac ki, roca es sityva Seuferebelia...~ - sityvebis TamaSi: ζημία sas-

jelic da danakargic (danaklisic).
2. burneti SeniSnavs (р. 221), rom ε̆νιοι [καλου̑σι], `zogierTebi uwodeben~, aris-
totelesTan Cveulebriv dialeqtze miuTiTebso.
106 wigni meoTxe

`mosamarTle~1. warmovidginoT, ori toli monakveTidan erT

- erTs nawili movaWeriT da meores mivumateT, meore naWeri
orjer meti gaxdeba. Tuki erTs avarTmevT da meores arafers ar
davumatebT, imxanad meore mxolod erTi nawiliT meti iqneba,
anu, saSualoze erTi TaviT gadanamati, magram saSualo imisa -
romelsac naWeri avyareT. amgvarad, gasagebi xdeba, ra gvmarTebs
avacaloT visac meti aqvs da ra mivceT mas, vis cota abadia:
raxan erTi saSualoze uaRresis mflobelia, mcires mqonesac
xams imdenive unda davumatoT; da ramdenadac gadacilebulia
Suana, saWiroa umetes sidides imdenive wavarTvaT. [mivubrundeT
Cvens nimuSs]: vTqvaT mocemulia toli monakveTebi aa, bb, da cc.
avarTviT aa s nawili e da davumateT igi cc - s. aRvniSnoT es
damateba rogorc cd. axla ccd s mTeli monakveTi ae naWerze metia
cd + fc Ti - Sesabamisad igi aRemateba bb monakveTs cd sididiT.
a e a
b b
c f c d
sityvebi2 (`sargebeli~ da `zarali~) [saqonlis] nebayoflobiT
1. zmnisarTi δίχα, or nawilad (amasTan εὶς ῐσα, tol naxevrebad) rig rTul
sityvebis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis (Sdr. `dixotomia~, - fizikaSi, 239bI8, aris-
totele miuTiTebs, morbenal aqilevsze zenonis aporia miT gansxvavdeba, rom
masSi Camatebuli sidide Suaze ar iyofao (ὲν τῶ διαιρεῖν μὴ δίχα)).
2. uSualod am abzacis win xelnawerebSi aris teqstis fragmenti (striqonebi
132b9 -11), romelic Semdgom 133а14 - 16 Si meordeba. (ε̈στι ...τοιουτ̑ ον). dirlmaieri
varaudobs (S. 410 - 411), rom miTiTebuli fragmenti unda iyos moTavsebuli
swored 132b9 adgilas da amis garda, miuTiTebs maszed, rom aseTive teqsti
anonim komentatorTanaa dafiqsirebuli (ix. : anonimi, 223, 27), baivoteris
Tanaxmad dublirebul pasaJis Tavdapirveli adgilisa - 133аI4 ia. am SemTxvevaSi
bolo gadawyvetilebas vuerTdebiT.
wigni meoTxe 107

gacvla - gamocvlis sferoSi warmoiSva: raJams Sen aRmogaCndeba

gacilebiT meti, vidre gqonda - amas `sargebeli~ hqvia, oRond
rawamsac naklebi - `wageba~, rarig es Sesyidvis, gayidvis da
yvela savaWro garigebis dros xdeba, romelnic kanoniTaa
nebadarTuli. radResac arc `mogebaa~ da arc `wageba~ aseT dros
yvela Tavisas iRebs, anu aravin zaraldeba, arc vinme kargavs
da arc romelime igebs. amitomac saWiroa iZulebiT gacvla -
gamocvlisas samarTlianoba wagebasa da mogebas Soris aseve
Sualedad ganvsazRvroT, anu ranairadac saqmis viTarebebs Sua
raRac toloba samarTaldarRvevamde da samarTaldarRvevis mere.
VIII
arsebobs mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmadac samarTlianoba
esaa `nacvalgebis principi~. ase fiqrobdnen piTagorelebi,
romelnic samarTlianobas ùrTierTisTvis angariSis gawevad~1
gansazRvravdnen. miuxedavad imisa, ùrTierTisTvis angariSis
gaweva~ arc ganawilebis da arca gamosworebis samarTlianobas
1. `piTagorelebma samarTlianoba gansazxRvres rogorc ὰντιπεπονθὸς ᾰλλω~

Sdr. m. m. 1194а29. termini ὰντιπεπονθός (urTierTatana, urTierTangariSi)
warmoSobilia sityvis namyo formiTgan ὰντιπάσχω (sapasuxod urTierTatana)
da sityvasityviT niSnavs: ìs, rac Cadenilia erTis mimarT, imav doziT, ma-
gram sapirispiro niSniT unda movimoqmedoT meorisadmi~, sadac èrTSi~ da
`meoreSi~ mxedvelobaSi gvyavs wevrebi raime Tanasworobisa. termini farTod
gamoiyeneboda geometriaSi `proporciul damokidebulebis~ mniSvnelobiT. (ix.,
magaliTad gansazRvreba ἀντιπεπονθότα σχήματα evklides èlementebis~ me 6 - e
wignSi: figurebi proporciulni maSin arian, Tuki yoveli figurisadmi erTi
da igiv Tanafardobani erTgulni rCebian (ήγούμενοί τε καὶ ἑπόμενοι λόγοι ῶσιν).
aristoteleseul piTagorelebis Sesaxeb Sdr. aleqsandre afrodisielis
ganmarteba mis komentarebidan `metafizikaze~, 985b26: piTagorelebi τὸ ὰντι-
πεπονθόζ (proporcias) da ισάκις ῐσον (kvadrats) samarTlianobis Tvisebad
miiCnevdnen, radgan isini samarTlianobis ricxvad Tvlidnen 4 - s (pirveli
luwi kvadrati anu orjer ori), sxvebi 9 - s. (anu pirveli kenti kvadrati ese
igi samjer sami).
108 wigni meoTxe

ar esadageba, (TumcaRa ki radamantis kanonebSi swored am Si-

naarsis danaxvas cdiloben:
raki iTmen, odes ram Tu moimoqmede,

Cans, piruTvneli samarTali daibadeba.1)
igi samarTlianobis mcnebas aSkarad ewinaaRmdegeba: magali-

Tad, roca meTauri xelqveiTs daartyams, gvevaleba mas pasuxi ar
Seubrundes, mxolod, ra drosac xelqveiTi dascxebs winamZRols,
ara mxolod samagiero dartyma unda miiRos, dabolos daisajos
kidevac. aseT dros mniSvnelovania, iyo moqmedeba nebayoflobiT
Cadenili Tu iZulebiT? mokled, gacvla-gamocvliT movaWreebs
mxars amgvari samarTali umagrebs: ùrTierTangariSgaweva~, dia
TanaSezomilobis gagebiT da ara gamaTanabreblobisa. samoqalaqo
sazogadoebac TiTqos Tanazomier mizRvaze dgas, an cdiloben
borotebaze borotebiTve upasuxon (da Tu rom ar SeuZliaT,
amas monobad miiCneven), anda sikeTeze sikeTiT gadauxadon. ukeTu
es ar aris, arc urTierTmigebaa. sazogadoebrivi urTierTo-
bebi umetnaklebod moqmedebaTa nacvalgebiTaa gamagrebuli.
qaritebis taZrebs xalxmraval adgilebSi amitomac ageben,
`Cadenas~ sapasuxo `keTeba~ mohyves, es xom madlierebisTvis
niSandoblivi Tvisebaa.2 marTlac, jer ars keTilismoqmeds ara
1. radamanti - samarTliani mosamarTlis miTologiuri magaliTi: evropes da

zevsis vaJi, kretas mefe, romelic miwisqveSeTis sameufeoSi minosTan da eake-
sTan erTad mosamarTle gaxda. anonim bizantielis komentaris Tanaxmad, aris-
toteles mier striqoni hesiodes `samuSaoebi da dReebi~ - dan aris moyvanili
(fr. 174 Rzach). anonims igi winamorbed striqonTan erTad aqvs citirebuli:
`Tuki avs daTesav, avsave moimki~ (222. 23 - 26).
2. Χάριτες (qaritebi) - sikoxtavis qalRmerTebi, mxiarulebisa da silamazisa,
Tavazianobis da madlierebisa. spartaSi iyo cnobili taZrebi qaritebisa,
olimpiaSi da oqromenSi. aTenis agoraze qaritTa Zeglebi aRmarTes sami qal-
RmerTis gamosaxulebiT.
wigni meoTxe 109

parizi, luvri, qaritebi
marto mivuzRaT, aramed ram sasikeTo Cvenc movimoqmedoT.

proporciuli gacvla wevrebis TiTqos diagonalze 1
SeuRlebis dros gvxvdeba: magaliTad, aso a Ti aRvniSnoT -
mSenebeli, b Ti - mewaRe, c Ti - saxli, xolo d Ti - fexsacmeli.
vTqvaT mSenebelma mewaRisagan miiRo misi nawarmi da Tavis
mxriv sakuTari SesTavaza. aserigad, vaiTu Tavidanve maTi
[saqoneli] erTmaneTSi proporciulad Tanabrdeba da Tu
TiToeuli mxare Tavis nakeTobis sanacvlod sxva nawarms
iRebs, zemoTmoxsenebuli [samarTlianoba] es iqneba. winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi Tanasworoba da arc urTierTdamokidebuleba ar
gveqneba. aki araferi uSlis xels erT nakeTobas iyos ufrore
Zvirfasi, vidre meore naxelavia, amitom saWiroa isini rogorme
gavaTanabroT. yvela xeloba ase arsebobs: verc iqnebodnen,
Tuki xelosani raRac raodenobis namzads ar Sehqmnida da
sanacvlod raime saxis nakeTobebs aseve garkveuli raodenobiT
ar moiTxovda. radganac [saqonel] brunvis sferoSi monawileobs
ara ori mkurnali, aramed eqimi da miwaTmoqmedi, anu sxvadasxva
ki ara, garna sxvadasxvanairi xalxi, swored maTi saqmianobaa
gasaTanabrebeli.
1. `wevrebis SeTavseba diagonalze SeuRlebis dros~ - Sdr. maRla lЗlb9, sadac

pirvelad iqna gamoyenebuli igiv termini σύζευξις (`Tanafardoba~ `SeTa-
nawyoba~) - is SemTxvevaa, κατα διάμετρον - sagan gansxvavebiT, SesaZlebeli iyo
diagonaluri calmxrivisTvis gvewodebina, κατὰ πλευρὰν σύζευξις. mxedvelobaSi
gvaqvs, rom διάμετρος Si SeiZleba vigulisxmoT diagonali romelime oTxkuTxe-
disa, oTxi wevriT Seqmnili. orive SemTxveva SesaZlebelia ase gamovsaxoT:
mSenebeli A B mewaRe mSenebeli A B mewaRe
saxli C D fexsacmeli saxli C D fexsacmeli
Sdr. agreTve Semdgom VII, 242bI5 (κατὰ διάμετρον συξεύγνυσιν).
wigni meoTxe 111

zustad amis gamoa, yoveli rac icvleba, raime formiT unda

Sejerdes. am mizeziT gaCnda fuli da igi Tavisebur Suanad iqca:
is yvelafers zomavs, moWarbebasac da danaklissac, vinZlo
ramdeni fexsacmeli udris saxls an saWmels. amisTvis mSenebels
evaleba mewaRes ise moepyras, ranairadac fexsacmelebis
garkveuli raodenoba < an saWmelisa > daiWers saqmes saxlTan.
Tu rom es moqceva araa garkveuli, araviTari gacvla da
arc damokidebuleba ar iqneba. arcaa sagulvebeli vincobaa
gasacvlel - gamosacvleli ar gaTanabrdeba.
Sesabamisad yvelaferi, ragvar zemoT aRvniSneT
romelime erTi sawyaoTi gaizomeba. aseT namdvil sawyaulad
moTxovnileba gvevlineba, igi yvelafers erT mTlianobad
aerTebs. marTlac, kacis Svilebs rom araferi ar sWirdebodeT
da maTi moTxovnilebani mgvani ar iyos, arc araviTari
gacvla - gamocvla ar aris mosalodneli, an is ar iarsebebs
rac aris. TiTqos saWiroebis Semcvlelad fuli gaCnda.
`fulis niSnebad~ amis Sedegad iwodebian, raki bunebrivad ar
arseboben, mainc SeTanxmebulad1, da Cven ZalgviZs SevcvaloT
an gavauqmoT isini.
amisdamixedviT, ùrTierTangariSi~ romelime gaTanabrebis
pirobebSia SesaZlebeli: viT miwaTmoqmedis [xelobis moTxovnileba]
damokidebulia mewaRis [mosaqmeobis saWiroebasTan], ise
xarazis nakeTobis [Rirebulebaa] - miwaTmoqmedis saqonlis
[fasTan]. mxolodRa, rodesac ukve gacvales, maTi urTierTobas
1. àra bunebrivad aramed SeTanxmebulad~ - aristotele iyenebs tradiciul

Sepirispirebas `bunebis~ da `kanonisa~, jer kidev demokrites mier romaa
SemoRebuli da sofistebis meSveobiT farTod gavrcelda. fulis niSnebis
gaufasurebis da gauqmebis mizeziT, imav terminologiis opoziciis CarTviT ix.
ganxilva `politikaSi~ 1257b: `xandisxan xalxs fuli araraobad da pirobi-
Tobad (νόμος) bunebiT arafrad eCveneba (φύσει δ' οὺδέν), radgan sakmarisia maT,
vinc fuliT sargeblobs, mis mimarT damokidebuleba Secvalon, xelis WuWyi
gaufasurdeba, yovelgvar saWiroebas dakargavs arsebobisaTvis~. burneti
fiqrobs, rom aq cinikosebis Sexedulebebis SemCnevaa SesaZlebeli (р. 228).
112 wigni meoTxe

proporciis saxiT ar gamovsaxavT (winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, vinac

ganapira aRmoCndeba, ifiqrebs, rom mas orTavegan - danaklisi
aqvs1), vinaidan proporcia Tavidanve unda dadgindes, manam, vidre
TiToeuli Tavis TavTanaa. im dros isini urTierTmimarTebis
Tanabari monawileni iqnebian, raxan axla ukve SeiZleba maT Soris
Sesatyvisi Tanasworobis dadgena. dae miwaTmoqmedi - a da misi
produqti - c, mexamle - b, misi naxelavi - d, [k c sTan] gatoldnen.
aseT urTierTsargeblianobis gareSe maT Soris araviTari kavSiri
ar iarsebebda. moTxovnilebebis gamaerTianebeli Tavs iq iCens,
agremc ros erT an orive mxares raime ar sWirdeba, arafers
gacvlian, - ase xdeba, raJamsac, erTs naklebuloba ara aqvs
imisa, raic moepoveba meores, sityvaze Rvino, is purs moiTxovs.
Sesabamisad es saxeobebi [fasiT] Tanabrdeba.
momavalSi sagulisxmo gacvlis mizniT (vincobaa axla
araferi gvesaWiroeba), rakiRa moTxovnileba mermisSi Cndeba,
Cven gvaqvs xelis WuWyi rarig Tavdeboba raTa [savaWro garigeba
SevasruloT]. dastur, vinc TeTrs Soulobs, is rames kidec
SeiZens. Tumca fulsac igive emarTeba [rac moTxovnilebas], maT
diaRac erTnairi Rirebuleba ara aqvT, magram mudmivobisken ki
iswrafvian. amitom, saWiroa yvelafers Tavisi fasi hqondes, imxanad
gacvla - gamocvlac da masTan erTad [mewarmeTa] urTierTobebic
yovelTvis iarsebebs. fuli aTanasworebs vinaTgan TiTqos
Tanazomierebas zomavs. marTlacda, rogoradac gacvlilobis
gareSe urTierTobebi ar iarsebebda, aseve daujerebelia gacvla
1. 133bI - 3: `proporciuli urTierTobebis dadgena~ – mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs

pirebs Soris, - gacvlis Semdeg imitom ar SeiZleba, rom saqmeSi garigebis mere
mxareTa interesebi arsebiTad icvleba: yvelas is unda rom iafad iyidos da
Zvirad gayidos. Sdr. e. n. IX, 1164b20sll. : `mflobelebi da yidvis msurvelebi
Tanabar fass ar asaxeleben, radgan yvelaferi sakuTrebaa, amasTan gasasxvise-
belia, yvelas hgonia rom Zvirfasia da Zviria~, da gamyidvelsac garigebis
Semdeg eCveneba - iafad gasca, xolo myidvels - Zvirad iyida. amitom, namdvil
fass rogorc obieqturi da ara subieqturi interesi – `moTxovnileba~ awe-
sebs. anu, roca sworoba saqonlebs Soris dgindeba `rodesac yoveli maTgani
TavisTavadia~ vidre gamcvlel pirTa xelSi aRmoCndebian.
wigni meoTxe 113

- gamocvla gaTanabrebis Tvinier, gaTanasworeba ki ver iqneboda

TanaSezomilobis gare. simarTle rom vTqvaT, TiTqmis gaugonaria,
erTmaneTisagan gansxvavebuli rameebi ase [zustad] Tanazomierni
iqnen, oRond, viTvaliswinebT ra saWiroebebs da moTxovnilebebs,
es yovlad SesaZlebeli yofila.
ase rom, unda iyos erTi [sawyao], igi urTierTSeTanxmebis
wyalobiT arsebobs. amitomac iwodeba is fulad, rameTu xelis
WuWyi yvelafers aTanazomilebs. yoveli xom fuliT izomeba.
de saxli iyos - a, aTi mina - b, sareceli - c. de a iyos - b - s
naxevari, ukeTu saxlis fasi 5 minaa, anu igi tolia 5 minisa.
garna sawoli c - b - s meaTedia. aqedan aSkaraa Tu erT saxls
ramdeni sareceli utoldeba - xuTi.1 cxadia, rom amgvari saxis
gacvla - gamocvlani fulamdec arsebobda, TiTqos ara aqvs
mniSvneloba Cven erT saxlSi xuT sawols gadavixdiT Tu xuTi
sarecelis safasur Tanxas.
IX
Semdgom, Tu raa `samarTliani~ da ùsamarTlo~ ukve naTqvamia.
mocemul gansazRvrebebidan cxadia, moqmedebis kanonieri forma
usamarTlod zianis miyenebasa da tkivilis atanas Soris Suanaa,
viTar `didis~ aseve `mciresi~. aki, samarTlianoba ise rodia
Sua, ragvaradac sxva saTnoebani, TumcaRa igi SuaSia, xolo
ukanonobas oriv ukiduresoba ganekuTvneba. samarTlianobad
iseTi Rirseba iwodeba, romlis wyalobiTac piruTvneli
mokvdavi kanonierad gaazrebulad moqmedebs, rodesac igi raime
sikeTes anawilebs (an Tavis Tavsa da axloblebs, anda mxolod
gareSeTa Soris), imnairad ki ar anaxevrebs, mjobinebuli meti
TviTon Sexvdes da cota maT gaunawilos, oRond (cudi rameebi
piriqiT) aramed yoveli mxarisTvis proporciulad Tanabrad.
1. aristoteles Semdegi gantoleba gamosdis 1/10 bхn = 1/2 b, sadac n romeliRac

fulis gaTanabrebis koeficientia. am magaliTiT 5 (minas) udris.
114 wigni meoTxe

aseve iqceva igi sxva pirTa Soris gaziarebis drosac.

usamarTloba kanonierebis sapirispiroa, is proporciis
damarRveveli sasargeblos an sazianos naWarbia anda ukmarobaa.
usamarTloba moWarbebaa da danaklisia viTarmed igi namatisa da
ukmarobis [mizezia]: Tavis TavisTvis usamarTlo sasargebloSi
namets amjobinebs da danakliss – mawyinarSi, garna sxvebs
mTlianobaSi igi aseve epyroba, mxolodRa vis sasargeblod
daarRvevs proporcias - es ukve SemTxvevas mivandoT. rac Seexeba
usamarTlod Tavis daWeras, aq `cota~ - ukanonobis moTmenaa,
dia `meti~ - Tavad moiqce urjulod.
aseTia Cveni msjeloba ukanonobisa da kanonierebis
Sesaxeb, TiToeuli maTganis bunebaze, da saerTod imaze Tu raa
samarTlianoba da ra usamarTloba.
X
radgan SesaZlebelia samarTals gadaabijo, xolo damnaSaved
mainc ar iwodebode, ismis kiTxva: kanonierebis darRvevis
ra SemTxvevaSi iTvleba kacxorcieli codvilad ama Tu im
danaSaulis Cadenis dros: qurdad, macduneblad, yaCaRad1? an iqneb
1. miqael efeseli, ad loc.: `gamonaTqvami ufro naTeli gaxdeboda, Tuki igi

sityvaze ase iqneboda (gadmocemuli): radganac danaSaulad (ὰδικήματα)
iTvleba: qurdoba, col - qmruli Ralati, mruSoba, mkrexeloba, mokled
yvelaferi kanonsawinaaRmdego, ismis kiTxva: samarTlianobis darRvevis ra
SemTxvevaSia aRiarebuli adamiani damnaSaved ama Tu im danaSaulis Cadenis
dros da samarTlianobis darRvevis ra dros ar iTvleba? radgan arsebobs
iseTi samarTaldarRvevanic (ᾰδικα), romlis Sesrulebisas kaci damnaSaved ar
miiCneva. es rogor aris? rogor da, Cven vmsjelobT ukve Cadenil saqcielze
ara TviT moqmedebis faqtis mixedviT, aramed imis msgavsad Tu ra mizans isax-
avda igi. magaliTad: Tuki vinme SeSlils xmals moparavs, romliTac is Tavis
mokvlas apirebda - [damnaSave ar aris]: moipara, magram qurdi rodia, aramed
mxsneli da keTilismyofelia. meZavi ar aris is, vinc mdidari qalbatoni moxi-
bla, (vneba rodi hqonda mis mimarT), aramed fulis siyvaruliT. aseTi – xelis
WuWys daxarbebulia. (р. 42, 6 - 14).
wigni meoTxe 115

es sxvaoba1 marTlac araa? vTqvaT vinmes sxvisi coli Seuyvarda,

amis Sesaxeb man icis; Tumca maT amoZravebdaT vneba da ara
gaazrebuli arCevani. gamodis, miuxedavad imisa samarTlianobas
gadaalaja, damnaSaved ar CaiTvleba - qurdad mainc ver Seracxav,
TumcRa moipara, gagiWirdeba Tqva macduriao, Tumc Seacdina2.
aris sxva msgavsi SemTxvevebic3.
rogoria Tanafardoba urTierTangariSsa da samarTlians
Soris ukve vTqviT. aqve ar dagvaviwydes, Cveni kvlevis sagani
ubralod zogadad samarTlianobacaa da [uflebac, rogorc]
samoqalaqo samarTlianoba4. ukanasknels imaT Soris vxvdebiT,
vinac sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi srulfasovani arsebobis
gancdisTvisaa, vinc Tavisufalia da Tanasworia Tund
1. miqael efeseli, ad 1οс.: `mas mxedvelobaSi aqvs Semdegi. Tuki amgvar Suaze
danawevrebas davtovebT, maSin mogveCveneba, rom araviTari gansxvaveba ar
arsebobs, da yoveli samarTaldamrRvevi miT masSi damnaSaved warmogvidgeba.
magram, Tuki qcevis mizans davukvirdebiT, imas, Tu risTvis Caidines esa Tu is
danaSauli, gamoCndeba, rom samarTaldarRvevebi xSiria, xolo maTi Camdeni
moqalaqeebi Tavs braleulebad ar miiCneven.
2. gaTxovili qalis Secdena ormagi danaSaulia: parva dgindeba qmaris ufle-
bebis mimarT, xolo mruSoba colisadmi. erTic da meorec rogorc kanonis
gadabijeba mxolod gaazrebul moqmedebad iracxeba.
3. `raoden aris SesaZlebeli samarTlianobaze gadabijeba... aris sxva msgavsi
SemTxvevebic~ - rogorc Tanamedrove komentatorebi eWvoben, mTeli es abzaci
teqstSi saidanRac sxva Txzulebidan moxvda, radgan arc winamorbedTan da
arc momdevnosTan dakavSirebuli ar aris.
4. fraza kiTxvaze pasuxis mixedviT sxvadasxva interpretaciis nebas iZl-
eva, ùbralod samarTlianoba~ da `politikuri samarTlianoba~ - aris aq
sinonimebi Tu ara? Cveni gageba: άπλω̑ς δίκαιον warmoadgens άπλω̑ς ἀρετή - s
nawils, anu δικαιοσύνη sazogadod öλη άρετή (mTlad zneobrioba). politikuri
samarTlianobac am samarTlianobis nawilia. mTeli frazis dedaarsi is aris,
rom aristotele azustebs CarCoebs Tavisi kvlevisa: raki saubaria mTlianad
samarTlianobaze, agreTve politikurzec iqneba. Sdr. IV, 129b25.
116 wigni meoTxe

proporciulad gnebavT ricxviT1. magram, sadac es ar aris, iq

miwis SvilTa urTierToba samoqalaqo samarTlianobasTan araa
dakavSirebuli, aramed samarTlianobis minamgvanTan2. samarTali
iqaa sadac kanonia, oRond kanoni iq aris saWiro, sad ukanonobaa.
raki, ra aris [samarTali] Tu ara gadawyvetilebis gamotana
samarTlianis da usamarTlos Sesaxeb.
garna, sadac umarTlobaa, ukanono qmedobani iq gvxvdeba
(TumcaRa usamarTloba yovelTvis urjulo saqmeebs rodi
gulisxmobs), anu met wils upiroboT kargs da cuds rac
SeiZleba cotas irgunebs. amis gamo Cven marTvas ara Zexorciels
mivandobT, mainc xom - sityvasityviT ganuxrel kanons, radganac,
adamiani midrekilia [keTildReoba] TavisTvis dainarCunos da
Zalian male igi tirani xdeba. mxolod xelmwife - samarTlianobis
guSagia da raki kanonierebisaa, maSasadame Tanasworobisac.
miCneulia, misTvis ar arsebobs `moWarbeba~ Tuki is piruTvnelia
(igi kidevac Tavis Tavs met ucilobel sikeTes ar argunebs
imis paralelurad, raic mas ganawilebis proporciis mixedviT
ergeba; is sxvisTvis Sromobs, amadac samarTlianobas `sxvis
1. miqael efeseli ad loc.: `miT man [samarTlian] saxelmwifo wyobaTa yvela

tipi moixsenia: `raodenobis mixedviT~ - es aris demokratiuli wyoba, radgan
moqalaqeebi demokratiis pirobebSi ricxobrivad Tanasworni arian, rogorc
amis Sesaxeb igi naTlad `politikaSi~ laparakobs. marTlac, demokratiis dros
yvela moqalaqe Tavs Tanasworad miiCnevs, imitom rom, TavianTi Tavisuflebi-
dan gamomdinareni Tav-TavianT Tanasworobaze msjeloben. (. . .) maS ase, TqmiT
(ricxvis mixedviT) man demokratiaze migviTiTa, xolo TqmiT `proporciul
TanafardobiT~ - oligarqiasa da aristokratiaze. (43, 12 - 17). Sdr. : politika
1317b3 - 4: `demokratiuli ufleba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Tanasworoba ricxo-
briv urTierTdamokidebulebebiT da ara Rirsebaze dayrdnobiT~ xorcieldeba.
2. miqael efeseli, ad 10с.: ànu imaTTan, vinac sazogadoebriv urTierTobebSi
gacvlis an ganawilebis mizeziT CarTuli ar aris (. . .) magaliTad, es Seexeba
mamis damokidebulebas SvilTan, qmarisa colTan, monisa batonTan, - aq urT-
erTobani regulirdeba ara politikuri samarTaliT, aramed ojaxuriT da
sabatonoTi.
wigni meoTxe 117

sikeTes~ uwodeben, ris Sesaxebac zemoT ukve vTqviT1). am mizeziT

mmarTveli Rirsia cnobili jildosi - pativis da privilegiebis.
romelTac es ar yofnis, isini tiranebi xdebian.
RvTaebrivi da mamapapeuli samarTali samoqalaqos igivi ar
gaxlavan, dabolos misi mgvanebi brZandebian. sakuTari Tavisadmi
usamarTloba rogorc aseTi SeuZlebelia, xolo mona da bavSvi
(vidre es pataraa da is jer kidev ar gamohyofia - nawilebiviT2
arian, magram Segnebulad Tavis Tavs arvin avnebs. amitomac,
ar arsebobs usamarTloba Cadenili sakuTari Tavis winaSe.
Sesabamisad, am urTierTobebze samoqalaqo Zala ar vrceldeba, -
vinaidan igi Cvens mier ragvar normis Tanaxma ise ganisazRvra da
imaTTan kavSirSi, viszec kanoni bunebrivad ganifineba, aseTebad
ki isini iwodnen, vinc Tanamdebobebs Tanasworuflebianad
ikaveben da mTavrobas emorCilebian. amis Sedegad mcneba ufleba
umal SeiZleba cols mivakuTvnoT, vidre Svilebs da monebs,
oRond is iqneba diasaxlisis Zalaufleba da es sul sxvaa vidre
samoqalaqo.
samoqalaqo xelSeuvaloba bunebrivi da dakanonebulic
arsebobs. bunebrivi yvelgan inarCunebs Tavis Zalas da ar
aris igi damokidebuli maszed, eTanxmebi mas Sen vinZlo
ara3. dadgenili imisTvisaa, dasawyisSi an ase iqneboda an ise,
ganurCevlad, garna, dawesda ra, angariSgasawevad iqca, nimuSad,
1. `ris Sesaxebac adre mogaxseneT~ - ix. e. e. IV, 130а3.

2. `xolo mona da bavSvi . . . rogorc nawilebi~ - mona TiTqos nawilia batonisa,
bavSvi - nawili mamisa.
3. miqael efeseli ganmartavs, rom bunebriv samarTlianobaSi igulisxmeba,
magaliTad RmerTis Tayvaniscema, mSoblebis pativiscema, aucilebeliT kmayo-
fileba, gzakvalareulebisTvis gzis Cveneba, waqceulis wamoyeneba (46,13 - 16).
bunebriv samarTlianobis damoukideblobisaTvis, mis cnoba ar cnobisaTvis igi
man damatebiT institucionalurisagan (iuridiulisagan) gamijna. bunebrivi
samarTlianobis (φυσικόν) sinonimebad aristotelesTan vxvdebiT: φύσει, κοινόν,
πρω̑τον, ᾰγραφον.
118 wigni meoTxe

gamovisyidoT Tu ara [samxedro tyve] erT minad, SevwiroT Tu

ara Txa da ara ori cxvari. specialur kanonebad daTqmulni viT
brasidasaTvis Sesawiravze1, aseve saxalxo krebebis yvela kerZo
dadgenileba2 amaT ganekuTvnebian.
vieTnTa azriT, ufleba yovelTvis aseTia, raxan bunebrivad
arsebuli yvelaferi ucvlelia da yvelgan erTnair Zalas
inarCunebs (ase cecxli erTi da imavenairad wvavs aqac da
sparseTSic), Cveni warmodgena mxolod samarTlianobaze icvleba.
es rasakvirvelia ase ar aris, dia, aq simarTlec moipoveba:
RmerTebisaTvis raime cvlileba ar gagonila, mxolodRa Cven ram
samarTali xom bunebisgan namdvilad gveZleva, de igi mTlianad
cvalebadi iyos, - hoda bolos da bolos raa samarTlianoba
rarig bunebiTi aseve arabunebiTi?
saqme isaa, cxadia Tu araxelovnur, Zaldautanebel
samarTals ra ganekuTvneba, maSinac, rodesac Cven cvalebad
rameebze vlaparakobT, xolo, rac ar aqvs mas mikuTvnebuli,
imas dadgenili da dakanonebuli samarTali Cemobs, vincobaa
isini erTnairad cvalebadni gaxlavan. aseTi dasazRvruloba
sxva danarCensac Seefereba: bunebiT marjvena xeli ufro
Ronieria, miuxedavad amisa yvelas ZaluZs orive xeli3 savsebiT
1. brasidi – peloponesis omis drois spartaneli mxedarTmTavari, 422 wels amfipol-

Tan daiRupa, sadac adgilobrivebma gmirad Seracxes. ix. Tukidide, istoria V, 11.
2. anonimi. magaliTad, demosTenes davadgaT gvirgvini, Temestokle ki olimp-
ielad gamovacxadoT. erovnul Tavyrilobisas kenWisyramde es sulerTi iyo,
xolo gadawyvetilebis miRebis Semdeg es samarTlianad iTvleboda, (101,34 - 35),
amrigad demosTenes da Temestokles ufleba aqvT gvirgvini da wodeba hqondeTo.
3. òrive xeli erTnairad ganviTarebulia~ - berZnulad ὰμφιδέξιοι sityvasi-
tyviT niSnavs òrive marjvena xeliT~. azri imis Sesaxeb, rom bunebrivaT Cven
ufro Zlieri marjvena gvaqvs xolo marcxenac SegviZlia varjiSis Sedegad
gavaZlieroT, platonis mtkicebas exmianeba, maszed, rom bunebam erTnairad
ganviTarebuli kidurebi gviboZa (xelebi da fexebi), magram Cvevis da aRzrdis
Sedegad Cven TiTqos `koWlobas~ viwyebT (οῖον χωλοὶ γεγόναμεν ε̈καστοι). bunebis
sapirispirod isini iqcevian, romelnic marjvena xels marcxenis sazianod
wigni meoTxe 119

erTnairad ganviTarebuli hqondes. sargebelis mcnebaze

dafuZnebuli kanonis danawesi SeiZleba sawyaulebs SevadaroT:
sazomi RvinisTvis da purisTvis yovelTvis erTnairi araa.
Semsyidvelebs isini mozrdilebi aqvT, gamyidvelebs ki bevrwilad
naklebi zomisani. Tu rom TmiT moTreul uflebebze ki ar, wesiT
dadgenilze vilaparakebT, isinic aseve yvelgan erTgvarovani
rodi brZandebian, raki mmarTvelobis formebic yovel adgilas
erTsaxovani araa, TumcaRa ki [adamianis] bunebisTvis Sesatyvisi
umjobesi [forma] didian - pataraianadTvis erTferovania.
kanonis yvela miTiTeba yovel calkeulisaTvis rogorRac
saerToa, qmedobani Tumc diad umravlesobaSi Caidineba,
TiToeuli maTganisTvis aris samarTlis raime erTi mdgomareoba
da [mis mimarT arsebuli kanoni] - yvelasaTvis erTia.
gvvaleba samarTalsawinaaRmdego moqmedeba usamarTlobis
[cnebisagan] ganvasxvavoT, iseve, rogoradac piruTvneli
moqceva - samarTlianobis gagebulebisagan. umarTlo SeiZleba
bunebiTic iyos da dakanonebulic; vincobaa igi saqmed iqceva,
im dros samarTaldarRvevaa, oRondac am momentamde es mxolod
- usamarTlobaa [Canafiqrisa]. asevea kanonieri moqmedebis
SemTxvevaSic. garna, aq marTalia saerTo cneba xSirad
`samarTlian moqcevadaa~ saxeldebuli, mxolod `samarTlian
qmedobad~ ukve Cadenil kanondarRvevis gamosworeba iwodeba.
Semdgom, yvela eseni damoukideblad ganvixiloT, rogori
saxeobisani arian, ramdenia da ras Seesatyvisebian.
amgvaradve, samarTliani da usamarTlo qmedobani iseTni
gaxlavan, viTar Cven maTze vTqviT; kerZod, samarTlianad an
usamarTlod kaci mxolodRa im dros iqceva, rawamsac igi
anviTareben~, kanonebi, VII, 794е - 795а. SeadareT agreTve aristoteles ufro

detaluri msjeloba igiv Temaze m. m. I, 1194b32 - 37 - Si. namdvilad, aris-
totelec da platonic Tanxmdebian, rom orTave xeli Tanabrad unda iyos
Sromisunariani, magram maT gansxvavebulobas sxvadasxvagvarad interpretire-
ben: platoni Tvlida rom SeZenilia, aristotele Tandayolilad miiCnevda.
120 wigni meoTxe

nebayoflobiT moqmedebs. radResac is ar miidrik - moidrikeba

sakuTari nebiT, imxanadac SeuZlebeli iqneba laparaki an
samarTlianobaze, anda samarTalsapirispiroze, mainc mxolod
SemTxveviT (anu roca [uneblied] moimoqmedebs imas, rac kanonieri
an ukanono gzadagza aRmoCndeba). qcevis samarTlianoba an
usamarTloba iZulebiT an sulac nebayoflobiT Tavis daWerazea
damokidebuli. vincobaa gadacdoma Cadenil iqna neba - surviliT,
es danaSauladaa Seracxadi da samarTaldarRvevad miiCneva. ai,
gamodis, egeb aris Taviseburi Seucodveli usamarTloba, rakiRa
igi mosurvebiT ar CaudeniaT.
nebayoflobiTs, iseve ragvaradac uwin1, imgvar moqmedebas
vuwodeb, romelsac TavisTavad Caidenen2, gaazrebulad da ara
ucodinrobiT ukeTu viskenaa igi mimarTuli, rogor iqman da
ra mizeziT (dauSvaT, cemen vinmes, vis da ris gamo) - amasTan
yoveli zemoTxsenebuli xdeba angariSmiucemlad da ara iZu-
lebiT (magaliTad mavanma meores xelSi xeli Cahkida da viRacas
daartya - [meore iqceva] ZaldatanebiT vinaTgan nebayoflobiT
ar moqmedebs). SesaZloa moxdes, visac Semohkres, - mSobeli ma-
mac iyos Semomkvrelisa da amis Sesaxeb damrtymelma ar icoda.
egona, is romelime erT - erTi iq myofi3 mamakaci brZandeboda,
1. `rogorc uwin~ - nebayoflobiTobis mcneba (ἑκούσιον) da iZulebiTis (ὰκούσιον)

adre detalurad ganixileboda meore wignSi e. e., 1223а – 1225b.
2. `TavisTavad~ - tradiciuli Targmani `xelisuflebaSi~. dasawyisSi mocemul
ganmartebis Tanaxmad nebayoflobiTi orgvaria: is, rac Zaldautaneblad da
arc umecrebiT xdeba. magram mizezi iZulebiTi moqmedebisa adamianSi ar imy-
ofeba da mocemul winadadebaSi aristotele aqcents masze akeTebs, rac kacis
ZalauflebaSia. aRniSnavs, rom mxolod umecrebaa mizezi uneburi moqmedebisa.
3. miqael efeseli – aristoteles mier moyvanili magaliTi mamis cemis Sesaxeb
esmis rogorc Setakeba sibneleSi (νυκτομαχία) – marTlac, ratom ver unda ecno
Svils mSobeli, es damatebiT ganxilvas saWiroebs. Tumca Cven dRis sinaTleze
SebrZolebac SegviZlia warmovidginoT, Tuki Svils Tvalebi axveuli eqne-
boda, an Tu mamas saxeze ram saburveli efara (amasTan dakavSirebiT SeiZleba
wigni meoTxe 121

xolo ara RviZli mama. msgavsi gansxvavebani SeiZleba davuSvaT

qcevis miznis [codnasTan] dakavSirebiTac, an saerTod moqmedeb-
isa mTlianobaSi1.
dastur, vai Tu kaci arafers uwyoda (de asec yofiliyo, igi
Tavad ar moqmedebda an daZalebiT) maSin misi saqcieli Zalda-
tanebulia. ver ityvi, rom araferi viciT yvelafer imis Sesaxeb
raic bunebrivad gvemarTeba da amasTan dakavSirebiT Cven rames
vSvrebiT, raRacasac ganvicdiT magram yoveli es arc nebayo-
flobiTia da arc iZulebiTia - sityvaze dabereba da sikvdili.
zustad ase samarTliani da usamarTlo qcevisTvis aris raRac
ubediTi. nimuSad viRac masze mibarebul raimes abrunebs ara
misiv nebiT, dabolos daaSines igi, - aq ver ityvi rom is samar-
Tlianad moqmedebs, aramed mxolod Zalauneburad. aseve iTqmis
maszec, visac aiZules raRac ZaliT miabrunos, rac mas odesRac
Sesanaxad misces. unda vTqvaT, igi usamarTlod uneblied iqceva
da aSavebs.
nebayoflobiT qmedebaTa erTi nawili Cvens mier windawin
ganzraxuladaa Cadenili, meoreni winaswarganuzraxvelad.
gulSi CaTqmulni adriTve mofiqrebuli moqmedebania, winas-
warganuzraxvelni ki isinia, romelnic didi xniT adre ar arian
gavixsenoT sofistebis erTi popularuli `dafarva~, romelic swored Svilis

mier mamis cnobazea agebuli).
1. `msgavsi gansxvavebani~ - roca mTavars da meorexarisxovans erTmaneTisagan
vasxvavebT, SeiZleba moqmedebis sxva komponentebi gavaanalizoT, romelTac
cota maRla aristotelem agreTve mizani da misi miRwevis gzebi miakuTvna.
(Sdr. 1135а24). hipoTetur magaliTSi Svilis da mis mier galaxul mamisa ga-
nixileboda Tu `vis mimarT~ iqna Cadenili moqmedeba (damrtymelma icis, rom
kacs cems, da rom igi misi mamaa – misTvis es moulodnelia, Sesabamisad, misi
saqcieli mamis mimarT savsebiT uneburia). magram, srulyofili moqmedebis
viT danaSaulis ganmartebisaTvis, unda gamovarkvioT, Svils miznad ra hqonda,
Tavis moqmedebiT romlis miRwevasac lamobda (vinme iq myofi ecema)? da sa-
Sualeba (marTlac mas miznisTvis dartymebiT surda mieRwia)? sakuTari mamis
da ucxos cema - sxvadasxva simZimis danaSaulebia.
122 wigni meoTxe

dagegmilni. amitomacaa ziani, romelic adamisSvilebs Seu-

ZliaT urTierTobebSi erTmaneTs miayenon, samnairia. pirvel
yovlisa es arcodniT ganpirobebuli Secdomebia, ra drosac
kaci ver igebs Tu ras akeTebs, vis mimarT, ris meoxebiT da
ratom. dauSvaT mas ar eneba vinmesTvis Cirqis micxeba an qvis
srola oRond [lafSi amosvara] an [sipi styorcna], egeba
surda, TumcaRa ara qviT an sityviT, an iqneb ara is, an imas,
anda ara imitom, ra mizeziTac da rogorc fiqrobda da Sede-
gad gulSi gavlebuli ver miiRo - magaliTad, ar izraxvida im
adamianis daWras, undoda eCxvlita misTvis, an, imisTvis ki ara,
ucxo kacisaTvis da iqneb sulac sxva saSualebiT da rodesac
ase abdaubdad mavneblobs, amboben ùbeduri SemTxvevaao~,
garna roca aramc da aramc uazrod, dia gamokveTili [miznis]
uqoneladac, im dros sja - baasoben - ùcabedi Secdomaao~1,
odes danaSaulis wyaro Tavad masSia da `moxda ubeduri Sem-
Txvevao~ - ros saTave garedanaa.
vincobaa adamisSvilma icis, rasac Svreba, miuxedavad amisa
winaswar amgvari ganzraxva ar hqonda, es ukve `danaSaulia~. amis
nimuSad mrisxanebis an sxva Jinis dros Cadenili yvela brali
gamodgeba, [viTareba] rom aiZulebs kacis Svils, an roca yvela
momakvdavisaTvis bunebrivi ambavi xdeba. saqme isaa, Tu adamians
ziani asegvarad adgeba da Tuki kacxorcielni ase cdebian, imx-
anad isini ra Tqma unda kanonsawinaaRmdegod moqmedeben da kanon-
darRvevac saxezea - mxolodRa am yvelafris gamo damnaSaveebad
da uzneo adamiSvilebad mainc ver CaiTvlebian, rameTu maT mier
miyenebuli vneba ar aris Sedegi maTi biwierebisa, xolo, raJams
miwisSvili meores winaswarganzraxulad azaralebs, imJamad is
damnaSavea da mankieria.
1. ùbedur SemTxvevas~ moyvanil magaliTebidan Seesatyviseba: àr undoda

etyorcna magram styorcna~ `SecdomiT~ - mindoda metyorcna, magram ìq ara,
imisTvis rodi da gana ise~.
wigni meoTxe 123

ai ris gamo miiCneven gaficxebiT gamowveulT, arawinas-

warganzraxulT sworad, viTarmed moTave rodi iyo gaSmagebuli,
aramed is, vinac igi ganarisxa. sasamarTloSi imaze ki ar ciloben,
iyo Tu ar iyo qmedoba Cadenili, aramed mis samarTlianobaze,
(azavTeba aSkara usamarTlobis mizeziT warmoiSveba). aq viTareba
imas ar hgavs, rodesac raime SeTanxmebis dasasruls kamaToben,
saerTod garigeba Sedga Tu arao, aseT garemoebisas cxadia erTi
mxare yalTabandobs, vinZlo dava gulmaviwyobis mizeziT araa
atexili. ara, aq yvela erT azrzea, rom morigeba iyo, magram
Seebmian, Tu rom vinaa marTali (borotganmzraxvelze ver ityvi
araferi iciso), ase, erTi fiqrobs usamarTlod moeqcnen, meore
uaryofs rom [moawyo] igi.
vincobaa winaswarganzraxulad iqna miyenebuli ziani, maSin
saqme usamarTlobasTan gvaqvs. da zustad amgvar kanongadax-
vevisaTvis - radResac Tanasworoba an proporcia irRveva,
damnaSaved kanonierebis gverdis amvleli CaiTvleba. asegvarad
samarTlianadmoqmedad mxolod igi miiCneva, vinac kanonierad
winaswarganzraxulad iqceva, garna mowadinebulad rjulierad
Tavi mas uWiravs, romelic nebayoflobiT moqmedebs.
erTni, iZulebiT gadamcdomni Sewynarebis Rirsni gaxlavan,
sxvani - ara. gadaxrani Cadenilni ara mxolod ugunurebiT,
umecrebiTac - gasakicxia; gadaxvevani ki, ara ubirobiT, mxolod
raime vnebaTa mizeziT auwon - dauwonavad naqnari (bunebis-
sawinaaRmdego da ZexorcielisaTvis uCveulo)1, gakicxvas ar
imsaxureben.
1. bunebrivi vnebani – moTxovnilebebia wyurvilis an Wamisa (SimSili, wyur-

vili), adamianuri vnebani monatrebaa, SiSia, uimedobaa.
124 wigni meoTxe

XI
Cvens winaSe SeiZleba siZneleebi wamoiWres, `danaSaulisagan
dazaralebulis~ mcneba da `danaSaulis Cadena~ sakmarisad gan-
vsazRvreT Tu ara? amasTan dakavSirebiT, SesaZlebelia an iqneb
ara is, rac evripidesgan ugunurebad Cagvesmis:
orives mogwonT Tu arcerT Tqvengans,

mokled mogiTxrobT _ movkali deda!1
sakiTxavia, namdvilad ZalgviZs Tu ara nebayoflobiT

`viTmendeT usamarTlobas~? anu, es yovelTvis iZulebiTia
ranairadac [sapirispiro], `danaSaulis Cadena~ yovel jerze
TviTneburia? yovelTvis survilnebaa an iZulebiTi, ukeTu xan
nebayoflobiTia da xanac _ iZulebiTi?
msgavsi siZneleebi `kanonis samarTlianobis moTmenis~ cnebas
ganekuTvneba. marTlac, piruTvneloba mudam nebayoflobiTia. maS
ase, gonivruli iqneboda orive SemTxvevaSi msgavsi gansxvaveba
Semogvetana, anu kanonierebis anda ukanonobis moTmena, eseni orTav
nebayoflobiTi an iZulebiTi moqmedebania. TumcaRa ki, albaT, uc-
nauria, gvefiqra, rom samarTlianobis atana mosurvebiTi yofili-
yos, radgan zog-zogebi kanonis samarTlianobas iZulebiT iTmenen2.
Semdgom, siZnele kidev ai rasTanaa SeuRlebuli: dazara-
lebulia Tu ara danaSaulis mizeziT yvela, vinac Tavis Tavze
usamarTloba gamoscada. vincobaa moTmenasTan dakavSirebiT
1. evripide, fr. 68 Nauck (àlkmeones~ tragediidan). tragediis gmir alkmeones,

amfiaraias Zes, mamis davalebiT Tavisi deda erifile unda moekla: amfiaraim
ubrZana mas maSin moemoqmedebina, Tuki igi TebelebTan saomrad wasuli ukan
aRar dabrundeboda. am omSi monawileoba mas Tavad Tebeur omis sxva monawilee-
bisagan mosyidulma erifilam aiZula.
2. `zog - zogebi kanonis samarTlianobas iZulebiT iTmenen~ - magaliTad, dam-
naSaveebi, romelTac TavianTi saqmeni ar moinanies.
wigni meoTxe 125

saqme isevea, ragvar zemoqmedebasTan, vaiTu, oriveganaa Sesa-

Zlebeli brali migviZRodes an gezad SegvemTxves gancda raime
samarTlianobisa, im dros aseve SemTxveviT SeiZleba Cadena an
Tmena usamarTlobisa? raki `mrudad moqceva~ da `Secodeba~, da
agreTve ùrjulod qcevis gaZleba~ da `danaSaulis gamo dazara-
leba~ erTi da igive ar aris; msgavsi sxvaobaa `samarTlianad
Tavis daWeris~ da `samarTlianobis atanis~ mcnebebSi. marTlac,
SeuZlebelia `bralisgan dazaralde~ Tuki àr Segicodavs~ an
`samarTliani iyo~ da ùmarTebuloba ganicado~.
`davaSavoT~, es gamoTqma pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT sakuTari
neba-surviliT vinmesTvis zianis miyenebas niSnavs, dia, vinZlo
mosurveba xelSeuvalia, ese igi viciT, vis, riT da rogor.
mxolodRa, TavSeunaxavi Tvisiv survilnebiT sakuTar Tavs
avnebs, _ gamodis, igi fexs codvaSi Tavisi nebiT dgams da zians
sakuTarsave Tavs ayenebs. amaSi mdgomareobs aRniSnuli erTi
aporiaTagani, _ SeiZleba Tu ara eSmakma gvacdinos sakuTari
Tavis mimarT. ai kidev: Tu rom adamiani Tavis TavSeukaveblobis
wyalobiT da Tvisiv moqeifianebiT meore kacs gamoiwvevs, esden
man mas rame dauSavos, romelic aseve nebayoflobiT imoqmedebs,
gamova, rom igi SesaZloa Tvisiv nebiT dazaralebuladac iqces.
an iqneb [danaSaulebriv moqmedebaze] Cveni msjeloba swori
ar aris? egeb sityvebs: `zianis miyeneba, gaazrebulad Tu vis, riT
da rogor~-s sityva `mZlavroba~ unda davumatoT, xolo visze,
_ [dazaralebulze]? amnairad, dae, vinme Tvisiv nebiT Tavs iz-
ianebdes da usamarTlo moqmedebas itandes, Tumc sakuTari nebiT
aravin aSavebs, radganac es aravis unebebia, TavSeukavebelsac
ki, Tunda sakuTari nebayoflobis winaaRmdeg moqmedebdes. gana
aravis mouwadinebia qmna imisa, rac misi azriT ram sasikeTos ar
warmoadgens, amrigad Tavagdebuli imas qmedobs, ris gakeTebac
misiv azriT mizanSeuwonelia. magram is, vinac Tavisas gascems
(rogorc homerosTanaa, roca glavkosi diomedes òqros ab-
126 wigni meoTxe

jars rvalisaSi gaucvlis - asZroxians cxraZroxianSi!”1), igi

usamarTlobis momTmenTa rigs ar ekuTvnis, vinaidan, misi neba
iyo miscemda Tu ar miscemda. oRond danaSaulis atana - dazara-
lebulis survilneba ar aris, damnaSave aq unda iyos. amgvarad,
cxadia, ukanonobas iZulebiT ganicdian.
XII
aRniSnul sirTuleTagan gansaxilveli kidev ori dagvrCa:
kanons is arRvevs vinac [meores] daumsaxureblad ufro mets
uwiladebs, ukeTu igi, vinc irgunebs? SeiZleba Tu ara daSave-
ba sakuTari Tavisadmi? vai Tu pirvel maTgans dauSvebT, anu,
vincobaa gamnawilebeli scodavs da ara is, visac xvedrad gad-
ametebuli wili Sexvdeba, imxanad igi, vinac Segnebulad da ne-
bayoflobiT meores mets uwiladebs, vidre Tavis Tavs argunebs,
sakuTari Tavis mimarT usamarTlo iqneba. miCneulia, swored ase
iqcevian rbili bunebis adamisSvilebi radgan keTili mokvdavi
daTmobiskenaa midrekili. an, iqneb arc ase ioladaa yvelaferi?
egeb masac aqvs mogebis imedi, garna sikeTis sxvagvaroba eime-
deba, magaliTad, saxeli an zneobrivi upiratesoba. amis garda,
aporia TviT mcneba ùsamarTlobis moTmenis~ gansazRvrebiTaa
nebadarTuli, raxan, Cven SemTxvevaSi Tavis TavisTvis naklebis
mimrgunebeli sakuTari nebis winaaRmdeg arafers ar akeTebs2.
aserigad, igi ar aris danaSaulis gamo dazaralebuli, Tumca,
ukve vincobaa am mizeziT mainc aris, mxolod im gagebiT, rom
Tavis Tavs avnebs.
1. iliada, VI 236. wina striqoni: àmJamad glavkuss goneba kronionma aRu-

frTovana~.
2. ùsamarTlobas iTmenen~ yovelTvis sakuTari nebis winaaRmdeg, xolo, ga-
nawilebisas vinac Tavis Tavs meti miakuTvna, moqmedebda sakuTari neba – sur-
viliT da Sesabamisad, igi, rogorc nebayoflobiT moqmedi, Suaze gayofisas
danaSaulis msxverplad ar gvevlineba.
wigni meoTxe 127

isic aSkaraa, damnaSave yovelTvis [arasworad] gamnawile-

belia da ara meti wilis mimRebi, anu, igi rodi aSavebs, vis
mxarezec usamarTlobaa, aramed vinc umarTlod iqceva Tvisiv
nebiT. aq moqmedebis Cadenis mamoZravebeli mizezi gamnawilebelis
mxaresaa da ara amRebisa.
amasTan, sityva `keTeba~ mravalmniSvnelovania da SeiZleba
igi usulo sagnebzec vTqvaT, isinic `klaven~, xeli, an sulac
mona, rakiRa - brZanebis Semsrulebeli uuflebo ar scodavs,
TumcaRa Tavi umarTlod uWiravs.
Semdgom, Tuki mosamarTlem ganaCeni daadgina da [yvela gare-
moebas] ar uwyis, mas kanoni ar daurRvevia. am TvalsazrisiT misi
gadawyvetileba usamarTlod ar CaiTvleba, mxolod, TiTqos is
mainc ukanonoa, vinaTgan samarTlianoba kanoniTac pirveladia
- es sxvadasxva ramaa. Tu rom man usamarTlo gadawyvetileba
gamoitana, iqve icis - amas rac mohyveba, imJamad igi ase angare-
bis mizeziT moiqca, an madlisTvis, anda javri amoiyara. amadac,
vinc aseT dros gamorCenis mizniT moqmedebs, danaSaulSi Tavad
monawileobs. vinZlo nawyalobevi miwa sxvas miakuTvna, mizomili
savarguli Tavad vercxlad miiRo da ara saxnavis saxiT.1
XIII
kacis Svilni viT wesi fiqroben, Cadena an [ar qmna] dana-
Saulisa - yvelas SeuZlia, da amis Sedegad iyo samarTliani,
samZimo saqmed ar iTvleba. es ase ar aris. mezoblis colis
moxibvla, moyvasisTvis Semolawuneba, qrTamis pirdapir xel-
Si micema - diax, es yovelive kacxorcielis Zal - Rones ki ar
aRemateba da Cvenzea damokidebuli, dia am TiToeulis gakeTeba
gansakuTrebul tvinwyobis ZexorcielTaTvis mosaxerxebeli
1. oficialur piris arakeTilsindisieri magaliTi, romelmac qrTamad fulis

sanacvlod miwa miiRo, miTaa saintereso, rom, aq moqmedeba standartebiT,
ganawilebiT da gamasworebeli samarTlianobiT fasdeba.
128 wigni meoTxe

rodia da arc ZaluZT. aseve wesisamebr, hgoniaT, rom samarTlian

da usamarTlo saqmeTa codnaSi jer kidev sibrZne araa sagul-
vebeli, raki Tavsatexs sulac ar warmoadgens gageba imisa Tu
rom ra weria kanonSi, (dasasrul, es jerjerobiT `marTebul
saqmeebad~ ver CaiTvleba, aramed meorexarisxovnad). amasTan,
uwyode, vincobaa ra viTarebaSi iqneba moqmedeba da ganwilva
kanonieri - Zalze saZneloa, vidre codna imisa, raa sasargeblo
janmrTelobisaTvis. mxolodRa, aqac advilia icode Taflis,
Rvinis, Sxamas, mowvis an gakveTis Sesaxeb, - mainc, es yovelive
mkurnalobisaTvis rogor gamoviyenoT, visTvis da kerZod rodis
- iseve rTulia, rarig eqimoba.
swored ase, xalxi Cveulebriv fiqrobs, agremc samar-
Tliansac aranakleb ZaluZs usamarTlod moqceva, vidre
umarTlos, rameTu meTqi, Rirseuls ufrosRa SeuZlia Caidinos
nebismieri msgavsi qmedoba (moxiblos sxvisi coli an vinmes wa-
moartyas), xolo guladi - daagdebs Tavis fars da gaiqceva iqeT,
saiTac misi Tvalni gauZRvebian. miuxedavad amisa ìyo mSiSara~
da `Sescodo~ gamoxatavs ara mxolod imas, ase iqceode, (ukeTu
ar vlaparakobT SemTxveviTze), mainc akeTo es gansakuTrebul
[sulier] mdgomareobisas, msgavsad imisa, `brZandebode eqimi~
da `kurnavde~ es rodi niSnavs ubralod `kveTde~ - àr kveTde~,
an `misce wamali~ - àr miutano wamali~, mainc xom amas cxadad
unda qmedobde.
piruTvneloba mxolod imas ZaluZs, vinac cnobil keTil-
dReobebTan Tanaziaria da SemZlebelia isini moWarbebulad an
daklebulad hqondes. zogierTisTvis keTildReobis naklovaneba
SeuZlebelia, rogoradac RmerTebisTvis1, magram, gamouswore-
1. heliodore gvTaqvazobs `keTildReobebSi~ fuli da pativi vigulismoT,

radgan amisaTvis Tanasworoba da proporciulobaa aucilebeli, maTac, visac
simdidre da pativi aqvT, gamanawilebeli da gamaTanasworebeli samarTlianoba
sWirdebaT. magram, Tuki RmerTebTan uTanasworobis adgili ar moiZeveba, maSin
wigni meoTxe 129

blad mankierebs sikeTis aranairi wilaki ar rgebs, dabolos

yoveli vnebs, vieTnTaTvis ki dRekeTilobani ramdenadmea sa-
sargeblo. zedmiwevniT amitomaa, samarTliani mxolod xalxia.
XIV
Semdeg, saWiroa wesierebasa da wesierzec vTqvaT: patiosneba,
samarTlianoba, agreTve umaRlesi rangis keTilsindisiereba
da [kanoniT] samarTliani erTmaneTTan rogor Tanafardoba-
Sia. uaxloes ganxilviTac ki cxadia, maT Soris arc ubralo
igiveoba, aRarc gansxvaveba warmoSobis mixedviT ar arsebobs.
wesiereba xom sanaqeboa, agreTve zrdili adamianic da vaqebT
ra sxva Tvisebebis gamo, Cven `kargis~ sanacvlod arc meti da
arca naklebi am sityvas viyenebT, amiT xazs imas vusvamT, vinc
ufro keTilzniania, miT ukveTesiao. oRond, gansazRvrebis mox-
mobis mcdelobisas ucnaurad gveCveneba rom `rigiani~ sanaqeboa,
TiTqos igi `samarTlianobasTan~ mimarTebiT raRac sxva iyos,
- viTarmed an `piruTvneloba~ araa `nebayoflobiTi~, anda ùaR-
resad patiosani~ - ùsamarTloa~, Tu ra Tqma unda, [gvariani
da samarTliani] erTmaneTisagan gansxvavdebian. garna, vincobaa
oriveni raime zneobriobas warmoadgenen, mas Semdeg isini Sesa-
tyvisni iqnebian.
aporiac patiosanis Taobaze albaT namdvilad amitomac
warmoiSveba. TumcaRa ki es daskvnebi Taviseburad sworia da
erTmaneTs ar ewinaaRmdegebian: wesieri erTgvarad samarTliania
da uaRres keTilznianobad gvevlineba. keTilrigianoba da samar-
Tlianoba erTnairebi brZandebian, mxolod, Tumc isini oriveni
zneobriobas ganekuTvnebian, rigianoba metad maRla mdgomia.
aporias ki is qmnis, esden, dia marTlac keTili yofaqcevisaa
marTlmsajuli, mxolodRa, `kanonis mixedviT marTali~ ki ara,
maTTan arc dakleba iqneba da arc moWarbeba, amitomac amgvari samarTlianoba

ar aris saWiro (108, 15 - 18).
130 wigni meoTxe

aramed viTar kanonierad Sesworebis uflebiT. mizezi isaa, yvela

norma - sazogadoa, xolo aris imgvari rameebic, romlebzec
saerTod zedmiwevniT ver imsjeleb. amitom, iseT SemTxvevebSi,
roca sayovelTao gansazRvrebaa saWiro, TumcaRa vxedavT misi
siswore SeuZlebeli xdeba, aseT dros kanoni umeteswilad
[samarTlianobas] iTvaliswinebs da gaazrebulad scodavs.
dabolos is amis gamo sulac araa marTali, radgan, Secodeba
arc kanonSia da arc sjulmdebelSi, mainc sagnis bunebaSi. aseTi
gaxlavT qcevaTa materia.
ra drosac saerTo kanoni dgindeba, magram xdeba raRac, rac
adaTiT dawesebulis sayovelTao gavlenaSi ver eqceva, maSin
zedmiwevniT gansja gvevlineba - gamomsworeblad imisa, raic
sjulmdebelma gamotova da sadac mas gansazRvrebis saerTo
xasiaTidan gamomdinare xarvezi gaepara, Tanac ise, ragvaradac
amas TviT kanonmdebeli gaakeTebda, Tuki im dros iq iqneboda,
(oRond vincobaa amis Sesaxeb windawin ecodineboda, samarTalSi
Cawerda). swored amitomaa keTili yofaqcevis mqone - samar-
Tliani da samarTlianze ukveTesic, magram, saerTod, samar-
Tlianze gacilebiT ukveTesi ki ar, aramed imaze ufrore, vinc
[marTalia] Secdomasac uSvebs. aseTia buneba patiosnebisa - igi
kanons im doziT gammarTvelia, raodeni daudevrobac myofobs
masSi, misiv sazogado znis Sedegad.
amis braliTaa yvelaferi kanons ar emorCileba, raki zo-
gierT SemTxvevisTvis wesis dadgena SeuZlebelia, amisaTvis
gansakuTrebuli gadawyvetilebis xmis micemiT miRebaa saWiro.
marTlac, bundovanisTvis SesaZloa sazomic mxolod bundovani
iyos, - rogorc tyviis znea lesbosel mSenebelTaTvis: igi qvis
formaze iRuneba da ucvlel nimuSad ar rCeba. swored ase sax-
alxo krebis gadawyvetileba calkeul sakiTxs [ewyoba].
amrigad, axla ukve naTelia Tu raa patiosneba, - ra azriTaa
igiv samarTlianobac da mjobni [erT - erTi saxeobaTagani] samar-
Tlianobisa. aqedan irkveva Tu vinaa znekeTili: vinac gaazrebu-
wigni meoTxe 131
lad iqceva rigianad da ar sjis nabij - nabij kanonzomierebis

mixedviT da sxvas ar azianebs, garna mdgradobas avlens, TumcaRa
ki kanoni mis mxarezea, - aseTi kaci keTili yofaqcevisaa, mxolod
sulis amgvar Tvisebas keTilznianoba ewodeba, romelic samar-
Tlianobis saxeobaa da araviTari sxva xarisxi.
XV
naTqvamidan aSkaraa, SesaZlebelia Tu ara sakuTar Tavs
usamarTlod moeqce. marTlac, samarTlianoba erTis mxriv ka-
noniT yovel saTnoebasTan SesabamisobaSia, - kerZod, kanoni ar
gibrZanebs Tavi moikla da rasac ar mogaZaxebs, imas gikrZalavs.
rodesac kaci kanons arRvevs da vinmes azaralebs, amasTan pa-
suxad ki ara, dabolos nebayoflobiT - igi danaSauls sCadis;
`mosurvebiT~ imas niSnavs rom man icis vinZlo vis da riT. dia,
igi vinac mrixanebis Jams survilnebiT guls gaigmiravs, amas saRi
gansjis winaaRmdeg moimoqmedebs, ris nebasac kanoni ar aZlevs
- Sesabamisad aSavebs. ki, mxolodRa, visTan gaZalianebiT? iqneb
samefos winaaRmdeg, da ara sakuTari Tavisa? is xom msxverpli
Tvisi nebiTaa, xolo, nebasurviliT dazaralebuli aki aravinaa.
saxelmwifo TviTmkvlelebs namdvilad am mizeziT sjis da isini
mkacrad ikicxebian ranairadac unamusoni1 radganac sabrZanebeli
Seuracxyves.
meores mxriv, Tu rom samarTaldamrRvevi damnaSavea, mxolod
1. `Seuracxyofen~ - anonimi gangvimartavs: `moqalaqeebma gadawyvites TviT-

mkvleli daumarxavi datovon~ (69, 27). termini (ὰτιμία) aTenis samarTalwar-
moebis praqtikaSi samoqalaqo uflebebis CamorTmevas da saTanadod damarxvas
niSnavda – erT-erTi aseTi kanonieri ufleba iyo. platoni `kanonebSi~ ambobs,
TviTmkvlelebi calke unda daimarxono, usaxelo uSen adgilebSi, saxelmwi-
fos Tormeti nawilis sazRvarTan, da ar unda daedos niSani maT saflavebs,
arc qva da arc warwera (873d); mkvlelebi saerTod daumarxavebi unda darCnen
(874b). `qsenofontes sawinaaRmdegod~ warmoTqmul sityvaSi òratori esqine~
TviTmkvlelis xelebis misi tanisagan calke dasaflavebaa naxsenebi (244. 9).
132 wigni meoTxe

raimeSi iqneba, - magram [ara saerTod, anu] igi savsebiT biwieri

ar aris, - vinaidan SeuZlebelia braldebuli iyo sakuTari
Tavis winaSe. es daskvna winamorbedisagan gansxvavebulia, aki
axla mxedvelobaSi usamarTlo gvyavs, romelic namusgarecx-
ilia imav gagebiT, ragvar mSiSara - vinac Tavidan bolomde zne-
dacemulad ar moiazreba. ase, isini imad rodi aSaveben, agremc
savsebiT mankierni gaxlavan. marTlac, sxvagvarad igi erTsa da
imaves Tavis Tavs wagvrida da Tvisiv Tavs daumatebda, oRond,
es SeuZlebelia, vinaidan samarTliani da usamarTlo yovelTvis
[monawileTa met ricxvs] varaudobs. amis garda isini nebayo-
flobiTobas, winaswarganzraxulobas da [rigiTobas] gulisx-
moben `pirvelma vin daiwyo~, raxan, is vinc sapasuxod scodavs,
ranairadac warmogvidgenia danaSauls Tavad ar sCadis. garna,
vinac sakuTari Tavis mimarT aSavebs, erTdroulad erTidaigive
unda ganicados da miiyenos. gamodis danaSaulis msxverpli
igi nebayoflobiT iqneba. amis paralelurad kanonis darRveva
SeuZlebelia, danawesis romelime kerZo miTiTebas rom ar ga-
davabijoT da veravin ver iqneba damnaSave sakuTar colTan
mruSobisas, saTavisTavo saxlis gatexvis da gaZarcvis dros,
vincobaa Tavis Tavs gaqurdavs vinme.
mTlianobaSi sakuTari Tavis winaSe Cadenili danaSaulis
aporia nebadarTulia rakiRa nebayoflobiT usamarTlobasac
viTmenT.
cxadia, erTic da meorec sisulelea, anu iyo msxverplic
da Semcodec brZandebode, (erTi `naklebi~ iqneba, meore `meti~,
im Suanaze, romelic medicinaSi janmrTelobis da tanvarjiSSi
sxeulis simtkicis msgavsia). Tumca Tavad imoqmedo - danaSaulia,
- mainc gadametebuli borotebaa, rakiRa braliani moqmedebani
biwierebis gamo xdeba da amis Sedegad gakicxvis Rirsia, mxolod,
am SemTxvevaSi an srul unamusobas vgulisxmobT, anu urcxvobas
am sityvis saukeTeso gagebiT, anda erTob masTan axlos mdgoms
(vinaTgan, yoveli nebayofloba rodia pirbnelobasTan dakav-
wigni meoTxe 133
Sirebuli), dia ùsamarTlobis atana~ sakuTar upiriswylobasa

da umarTlobas ar gulisxmobs. amisdamixedviT, TavisTavad
ùmarTlobis gadatana~ naklebi siavkacea, mxolodRa araferi
ar uSlis mas xels, SemTxveviT igi did borotebadac iqces.
TumcaRa xelovnebisTvis msgavsi gansxvavebebi mniSvnelovani
araa, - sityvaze, filtvebis anTeba ufro seriozul daavadebad
iTvleba, vidre naJeJi, xolo SemTxveviT SeiZleba daJeJiloba
bevrwilad angariSgasawevi gamodges ukeTu dacemis Sedegadaa,
mokvdavi an tyved Cavardeba anda daiRupeba.
Tu metaforulad vityviT, SeiZleba kacxorcielma Tqvas,
sakuTar Tavis winaSe ki ar [arsebobs usamarTloba], aramed
imis mimarT, rac Sen gekuTvniso, magram es yvela gvaris samar-
Tlianoba rodia, mainc despoturi an saojaxo. zemoT, msjelo-
bisas1 sulis gonier da ugono ganayofebs Soris Senafardoba
davadgineT. amis gaTvaliswinebiT SeiZleba davuSvaT, arsebobs
urjuloeba sakuTar TavTan mimarTebiT, rameTu SeiZleba pirad
survilebis sababiT vitanjebodeT, saqme isaa [sulis nawilebs
Sua] SesaZlebelia samarTlianoba iseve iyos, rarig mmarTvelsa
da marTuls Soris.
ai, ase SevZeliT piruTvneloba da sxva zneobrivi saTnoebani
gangvexila.
1. `zemoT msjelobisas~ - nagulisxmevia `saxelmwifoSi~ gadmocemuli pla-

tonis swavleba samarTliani sulis Sesaxeb (351е-2а, 430е-1b, 441d - 2с, 443е).
amgvarad aristotele platonis ο δικαιοσύνη - s moZRvrebas sakiTxis problemis
damuSavebasTan urTierTobis uqonelad Seracxavs, aramed mxolod metaforad
da samarTlianobis gagebis minamgvanad miiCnevs. miuxedavad amisa, eTikis da
politikis gamaerTianebeli samarTlianobis rogorc Temis platoniseuli
gagebuleba Tavdapirveli saxiTaa SenarCunebuli, Seusworeblad, ra Tqma unda
rogorc TavisTavadi.
134 wigni meoTxe

w i g ni m e xu Te
Te
I
raki zemoT1 vTqviT, rom saWiroa Suana da ara moWarbeba an
dakleba avirCioT, SuaTanas ki `logikuri msjeloba~ daadgens,
- amrigad axla dawvrilebiT amis Sesaxeb vilaparakoT. maS ase,
zemoT aRweril yvela sulier Rirsebas, ranairadac mTlad da-
narCens2, Tavisi mizani aqvs, romlis gaTvaliswinebiTac yoveli
saRad moazrovne adamiani [moqmedebas] an ukan daxevas3 moi-
gunebebs da aris agreTve zogierTi gansazRvrebani nair - nair
SualedebisaTvis, romelnic ragvaradac aRvniSneT moWarbebasa
da daklebas Soris arseboben da marTebuli msjelobiT arian
dadgenilni.
Tumca es yvelaferi zedmiwevniT iTqva, magram saWiro
sicxadis gareSe. xom, rogorc yvela sxva saqmianobis mimarT,
romelTa Sesaxebac codna arsebobs, swori iqneba, Tu vityviT,
1. `raki zemoT vTqviT~ - ix. : e. e. Н, 222а6 - 9, agreTve 222b7 - 9, sadac dapir-

ebaa `mogvianebiT ganvixiloTo~, ra aris ὀρθὸς λογος. e. n. sTvis. Sesabamisi
adgilebi iqneba: II, 1103b31, 1107а1, 111429.
2. `rogorc mTlad danarCens~ - gansaxilveli gonebis saTnoebani rCeba.
3. `moqmedebas an ukandaxevas moigunebebs~ - Sdr.: platoni. gorgia 507d6 - 8: àse
vxedav mizans, romlis mixedviTac unda icxovro, romelsac rogorc (συντείνο-
ντα) piradi saqmeni, aseve saxelmwifoni unda Seesabamebodes.~ sityvebi ἐπιτείνει
καὶ ὰνίησιν mSvildis lambis moSvebas da agreTve liras gamarTvas niSnavs.
135
aqac gvmarTebs gamocdilebas mivdioT, TumcaRa arc Tavgame-

tebiT da arcaRa vizarmacoT, aramed saSualod, saWiroa Sua
mdgomareoba davikavoT da [moviqceT ise, rarig gvikarnaxebs]
saRi azri, - Cvens gankargulebaSi Tu mxolod es iqneba, saeWvoa
raimes Taobaze ufro meti gavigoT, saxeldobr ra [saSualebebi]
sWirdeba avadmyofs, vincobaa vinme ityvis, is rac eqimma dauniSna
Tqo, iman, vinac medicinas kargadaa dauflebulio. zustad
amitom araa sakmarisi sulis Rirsebebze ubralod gamoTqma
romelime sruli, guliTadi simarTlisa, aucilebelia agreTve
pasuxi gaeces kiTxvas, Tu ra aris namdvili msjeloba, anu igi
unda dadgines.
II
rodesac sulis masaxelebel saTnoebebs varCevdiT, vTqviT,
rom maTgan erTni xasiaTs ganekuTvnebian sxvani ki _ gonebas1.
zneobiTi qvelobani Cven ukve ganvixileT, axla danarCenze
vilaparakebT, Tumc Tavdapirvelad [mTlianad] TviT sulze
vTqvaT.
zemomoyvanilidan, suli ori: gonieri da ugunuri nawilebisa-
gan Sedgeba, amis mere avdgeT da gonieri nawili amnairad ganvwi-
loT. davuSvaT, azrianobasTan dakavSirebuli sulis ori ubani
arsebobs: erTis meSveobiT Cven gavarCevT mas, rac sxvagvarad ver
warmoiSoba, meoris meoxebiT ki imas, raic SesaZloa. marTlac da
saganTa sxvadasxva gvaris [SemecnebisaTvis] bunebisagan sulis
nair-nairi nakveTia gankuTvnili, Tuki ra Tqma unda gonebiT
wvdoma cnobil mgvanobasa da warmomavlobazea dafuZnebuli.
erT nawilTagans mkvlevari goni davarqvaT, meores _ azri:
`ganxilva~ da `msjeloba~ es erTi da igivea, oRond xom arvin
1. `maTgan erTni xasiaTs ganekuTvnebian sxvani ki – gonebas~ ix. : e. e. II, 221b27

- 31, 1220а4; ер. E.N. 1, l03а3.
136 wigni mexuTe

ar TaTbirobs imaze, rac sxvafriv arc SeiZleba iyos, amis gamo

Wkua - kidev erTi nawilia msjeli sulisa1. axla is gavarkvioT,
ras niSnavs umjobesi mdgomareoba yoveli nakveTisaTvis, radgan
TiToeulisaTvis saTnoeba zustad es iqneba. xolo [sulis] saT-
noeba mis saqmeebTan erTob axlosaa.
praqtikul moqmedebisa da WeSmaritebis [gulisxmis yo-
fisaTvis] sulSi sami mTavari ram imyofeba - grZnoba, goneba
da miswrafeba. [mxolod] grZnoba ar gaxlavs raime moqmedebis
dasawyisi, es aSkaraa iqedan, vinZlo, cxovelebs grZnoba aqvT,
isini qcevasTan Tanaziarni ar arian. mxecSi raRac erTia, ada-
mianSi ki _ oria. is, rac gonebianobisaTvis mtkiceba da uaryo-
faa, ltolvisTvis - devna da Tavis aridebaa. radganac, Tu rom
zneobiTi saTnoeba Segnebulad arCeuli mdgomareobaa, mxolodRa
gacnobierebuli arCevani TaTbiriT2 gamowveuli miswrafebaa - im
dros msjeloba marTali magram ltolva marTebuli mxolod
iseT SemTxvevaSia, ukeTu arCevani keTildReobiskenaa mimar-
Tuli3, vinaidan marto maSin erTi da igive mtkicdeba pirveliT
da idevneba meores4 mier. aseTni brZandebian praqtikuli Wkua da
1. `Wkua - kidev erTi nakveTia azrian sulisa~ - Sdr. : e. e. V (=E.N. VJ), 140b26
da 144bl4, sadac es nawili àzris komponentad~ (δοξαστικόν) iwodeba.
2. Sdr. e. e. III, 1226bl7: àrCevani - TaTbiriT gamowveuli miswrafebaa imisken,
rac adamianzea damokidebuli, da b l9: `TaTbiriT gamowveuli~ - anu iseTi,
romlis sawyisad da mizezad ganxilva (βούλευσις) gvevlineba.~ e. n. Si Sesa-
pirispirebeli adgilebi ar aris.
3. `keTildReobisken mimarTuli arCevania~ - sityvasityviT `kargi arCevania~;
berZ. (σπουδαῖος) (σπουδή - dan, gulmodgineba, mcdeloba) safilosofoso te-
qstebSi gamoiyeneba rogorc sinonimi ἀγαθός - isTvis, `saTno~ `kargi~. σπου-
δαι̑ος - is sapirispirod φαυ̑λος gvevlineba `cudi~, àrasakeTilo~, Sdr. e. e.
221Ь32 - 33: φαυ̑λον τὸ η̆θος καὶ σπουδαι̑ον (`cudi~ da `kargi~ zne).
4. ̓ορθὸς λόγος aristoteles azriT ori mcnebis kombinaciaa: ἀλεθὴς λόγος, nam-
dvili msjeloba, da ὀρθὴ ο̆ρεξις swori swrafva. amgvarad, zedsarTavis `mar-
Tebulis~ da ara `WeSmaritis~ logosTan SeerTebiT, eTikuri qmedeba masSi
wigni mexuTe 137

WeSmariteba, oRond ganyenebul gonebas, romelic araa dakavSire-

buli arcaRa praqtikul saqmianobasTan, aRarc SemoqmedebasTan,
`keTildReobasTan~ gina `borotebasTan~ - `WeSmariteba~ an
`sicrue~ Seesatyviseba (raki es yovelive Wkuis saqmea), gamWriax
sulis praqtikul nawilisTvis ki simarTle swor miswrafebas-
Tanaa SeTanxmebuli.
ase rom, qcevis mizezi - gaazrebuli arCevania (viT `ma-
moZravebeli sababi~ da ara `ratom~), dia arCevanis bralad
gvevlinebian miswrafeba da codna imisa, Tu ra mizeziT [xdeba
moqmedeba] - ai am sababiT ar arsebobs arCevani gonebis da fiqris
gare da agreTve zneobriv RirebulebaTa gareSe. diaRac, zedmi-
wevniTi an umarTebulo moqceva, gonivrulobis monawileobis
da sulis mTeli niris garda SeuZlebelia. garna, Tavad Wkua
mamoZravebeli ar gaxlavs, mainc mizanmimarTuli da praqtikuli
mbWobelobaa1. aseT sazrianobas xelovnebaSic pirveli saxelos-
no ekuTvnis, raxan ostati raimes gulisTvis qmnis da nebismieri
Seqmnili ram, rogoradac aseTi mizani rodia (dabolos raimesTan
SeTanafardebuli da gankuTvnili sxva miznis misaRwevad). mainc,
amgvar ganzraxulobad yvela moqmedeba gvevlineba, aki qcevis
wesieri forma is saboloo mizanmimarTulebaa da Jini zustad
monawile sulis orTave mTavari – moazrovne da msurvel nawilTa Sesabamiso-

baSia aRwerili. TavisTavad termini ὀρθὸς λόγος aristoteles ar gamougonebia,
igi platonTan ukve gvxvdeba. rogorc mocemul fragmentidan gamomdinareobs,
aristotelesTan ὁρθὸς λόγος aris teqnikuri sinonimi `praqtikul gonebisaTvis~
(πρακτικὴ διάνοια πρακτικὸς νου̑ς).
1. `mamoZravebeli mizanmimarTuli da saqmiani gonia~ - Sdr. : sulis Sesaxeb III,
10, 433аI5 - 26: miswrafebis mizani praqtikul gonebisaTvis dasawyisia, xolo
konkretuli sagani – saqmian moqmedebis saTavea. ase rom marTebulia Tval-
Taxedva, romlis Tanaxmadac es ori safuZveli – survils da Wkuas amoZravebs:
sinamdvileSi gulisTqmis saganis mixedviT iqceva da am mizeziT amoqmedebs
gonebas, - imitom, rom ndomis mizani misi amosavalia. . . savsebiT naTelia, Wkua
mowadinebis gareSe ar dgams nabijebs, radgan ganzraxuli survili gonebasTan
Tanxmieri survaa.
138 wigni mexuTe

miskenaa mipyrobili. amadac, arCevans SeiZleba an [miznisken]

gonebamoqnilobiT ltolva, an gonivruli miswrafeba vuwodoT
da adamisSvilic dasabamia - amgvar Camomavlobisa1.
arCevanis sagnad SeuZlebelia iyos is rac warsulSi movi-
toveT, magaliTad axla aravin ar fiqrobs imaze garemoecvas
troas, maszed rodi TaTbiroben, rac iyo, aramed Tu ra iqneba da
raa SesaZlo ase Tu ise moxdes2, aki rac iyo - imis mouxdenloba
warmoudgenelia. marTals ambobs agaTone:
`TviT RmerTebsac ki ar SeuZliaT,

ukve momxdaris armomxdarad Semobrunebao.3~
amnairad, orTav moazrovne nawilTa saqme - WeSmaritebaa.

amis Sedegad, is rac erTsac da meoresac simarTlis gamoxatvaSi
metad daexmareba, maTi saTnoebac igi iqneba.
III
Semdeg, rakiRa Soridan mouareT, [gonier sulis saTnoebebis]
Sesaxeb Temas mivubrundeT. Cven amosavalad is darCeba, rom
WeSmaritebis gamosaxatavad mtkicebisa da uaryofis dros suls
1. àdamianic - amgvar Camomavlobis dasabamia~ Sdr. igiv azri e. n. – Si 112b32.

2. `Tu ra iqneba da raa SesaZlo rom moxdes~ - igiv azri gamoiTqva II Si
226а26 - 30, magram, miT sxva magaliTi gaaZliera: `swored amitom ar viRebT
gadawyvetilebebs indoeTSi momxdar ambebze da ar vcdilobT wre kvadratad
gadavaqcioT~, Sdr. agreTve `ritorika~ 1357а4 - 7. `movlenebi indoeTSi~
aSkaraa aleqsandre makedonelis laSqrobiTaa STagonebuli, magram, rTuli
gadasawyvetia, SesaZloa Tu ara troaSi da indoeTSi sagrobani aristoteles
eTikis ufro adreuli an gviandel redaqciebze migviTiTebdnen.
3. agaTone – aTeneli tragikosi poeti Cv. w. aR me 5 e saukunis meore naxevari.
citirebuli fragmenti (fr.5 Nauck) warsulis Secvlis SeuZleblobis Sesaxeb
cnobil gnoms gulisxmobs, Sdr. : pindare (11 17), simonide, (fr. 52), sofokle
da agreTve platoni. protagora 324b; kanonebi 943а .
wigni mexuTe 139

xuTi [gza] aqvs: xelovneba, samecniero codna, mixvedriloba,

sibrZne da gonebaWvretiToba. (warmosaxva da azri Secdomas xom
Tanabrad uSveben.
ra aris mkvlevaris cnoba, Tu zustad ganvsazRvravT da
SedarebebiT ar gaverTobiT, cxadi gaxdeba SemdegiT. yvelani
vaRiarebT: sakvlevi sagani ucvlelia, magram, rac Seexeba imas,
ra SeiZleba Seicvalos, ucnobia arsebobs Tu ara igi saerTod,
roca Cven mas uSualod ar vakvirdebiT. aqedan gamomavali,
mecnieruli dakvirvebis nivTi aucileblobis ZaliT arsebobs.
Sesabamisad igi mudmivia, vinaidan yoveli, uciloblad arsebuli
(am sityvis absuluturi gagebiT) - maradisia, oRond mudmivi ar
warmoiSveba da arc nadgurdeba. Semdgom, rogorc warmogvid-
genia, yovelive samecniero codna SeiZleba aswavlo, amrigad
codnis sagani swavlis sagania. mainc TiTqos, yovelgvari moZ-
Rvreba ukve saCinodan gamomdinareobs, viTar ànalitikebSi~
vasabuTebdiT1, raxan ganaTleba an ucodinrobis mizeziT, anda
silogistikur daskvnebis meSveobiTaa SesaZlebeli. arcodna -
dasawyisisTvis da saerTo warmodgenebisTvis, silogizmi ki say-
ovelTaodan moedineba, Sesabamisad saTaveebi unda arsebobdnen,
romelTaganac silogizmia gamomavali, romelTac silogizms ver
miuyeneb, - maTTvis umecrebaa. Semdgom, mecnierebas dasabuTebis
unari gamoarCevs, agreTve yvelaferi raic Cvens mier ànali-
tikebSia~ dadgenili: vincobaa, vinme rogorRac darwmunda da
dasabami Seicno, man icis2. Tu wyaro misTvis daskvnaze uaresadaa
cnobili, im dros codnasTan igi SemTxveviTaa dakavSirebuli.
samecniero sacnauroba ase ganvsazRvroT.
1. ix. : `meore analitika~ I, 71аl.

2. ix. : `meore analitika~ I, 71bl7 - 25.
140 wigni mexuTe

IV
rac Seexeba imas, ra SeiZleba iyos [ase] an ise, imxanad
es yovelive aris sagani rogorc saxelosno xelovnebisTvis,
aseve praqtikul saqmianobisTvisac. dabolos, Semoqmedeba da
moRvaweoba sxvadasxva ramaa (ragvaradac Cven amaSi egzoTe-
riulma Txzulebebma1 dagvarwmuna). aqedan iRebs saTaves, rom
msjelobaze dafuZnebuli moqmedebis marifaTi TaTbirze safuZ-
velCayril qmnis unarisagan gansxvavebulia. avad Tu kargad
es mcnebebi erTmaneTisgan daSorebulia: arcara moRvaweobaa
Semoqmedeba da arcaRa Semoqmedebaa moRvaweoba. nimuSad, Tuki
mSenebloba aris raRac `xelovneba~, is ki marTlac TaTbirze
damyarebuli niWia Seqmnisa, imJamad ar arsebobs daarsebis
Tavgzianoba, vinZlo msjelobaze Camoyalibebuli ar iqneba,
aRarc moxsenebuli marifaTebi, romelnic ostatobad ar
darCeba, - gamodis rom saqmis mcodneoba da namdvil TaTbirze
safuZvelCayrili unari warmoqmnisa erTi da igivea. yovel xel-
marjveobas saqme warmoSobasTan aqvs, (`xelovnebis gamoyeneba~
niSnavs Tvali miadevno ukeTu rogor iSvian rameebi, romelnic
maradisni ar arian da romelTa Ziric SemqmnelSia da ara qm-
nilebaSi. raki gawafulobas arsebul an aucileblobis ZaliT
warmoSobil sagnebTan araferi esaqmeba, ranairadac bunebrivad
myofebTan, rakiRa isini TavianT TavebSi [mamoZravebel] sawyiss
Seicaven. vinaidan xelovneba da moRvaweoba erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavdebian, gvevaleba xelfurCi Semoqmedebas mivakuTvnoT.
zogierTi mosazrebiT daxelovnebuleba da SemTxveva erTi da
imavezea mimarTuli, anu rarig agaTone gveubneba:
1. es ὲξωτερικοὶ λόγοι moxseniebulia agreTve e. e. I Si 217b22, II, 218b34; e. n. I,

102а28; Pol III, 1278b3I, VII, 132За22.
wigni mexuTe 141

xelovnebas SemTxveva uyvars, SemTxvevas _ xelovneba. 1.
saqme isaa, rogorc adre iTqva, xelovneba Seqmnis unaris

WeSmarit msjelobazea dafuZnebuli (xolo dauxelovneba piriq-
iT - cru TaTbirze damyarebuli Snoa), da igi dakavSirebulia
imasTan, rac SeiZleba sxvagvari iyos.
V
Semdgom, im mizniT, gavigoT Tu gonivruloba ras warmoad-
gens, ganvixiloT, Cveulebriv ragvar adamianebs uwodeben [saq-
mosnurad] gonebagaxsnilebs. viTar wesi, gonebadamjdari kaci
wvrilmanebze gaudevneblad mSvenivrad gadawyvets raa misTvis
kargi da sasargeblo, (sityvaze ra aris saWiro raTa janmrTeli
da Zlieri brZandebodes), da rigiani cxovrebsaTvis saerTod.
es imiT dasturdeba, Cven windaxedulebs im adamianebsac veZa-
xiT, vinc zedmiwevniT gaTvlis karg da Rirseul mizans [rogor
miaRwios] (ara xelovnebaSi), aserigad saRadmoazrovne igia,
visac msjeloba SeuZlia. magram, aravin ar ganixilavs imas,
raic sxvagvarad arc iqneba, anda vincobaa misi ganxorcieleba
warmoudgenelia. rom samecniero codna dasabuTebis gziT mi-
iRweva, oRond imisTvis, romlis Canasaxic SeiZleba sxva iyos,
mtkicebulebani ar arseboben (rameTu yoveli iqneb sxvagvara-
dac yofiliyo), aqve, ukeTu aucilebeli ganxilvis sagans ar
warmoadgens, - mas Semdeg WkuaTmyofloba arc mecnierebaa da
arcara xelovnebaa: mecniereba imitom ar aris, rom moqceva asec
da sxvagvaradacaa SesaZlebeli, xelovneba nu ggoniaT imad,
esden - moRvaweoba da ustabaSoba erTmaneTisagan Taviseburad
gansxvavebulni gaxlavan. xelovnuri xelosnobis mizani masTan
mimarTebiT raRac sxvaa, mxolod moRvaweobis ganzraxuloba -
1. fr.6 Nauck.
142 wigni mexuTe

ara, viTarmed misi gezi - TviT moqmedebis umetnaklebo formaa1.

rCeba erTi: gzianoba swor msjelobaze aris dafuZnebuli, unarze,
marTebulad vimoqmedoT kacis Svilur sikeTisa da borotebis
farglebSi. am mizeziT perikles msgavs kacxorcielebs Cven
brZenebad vTvliT, isini diaRac SemZlebelni brZandebian dain-
axon, Tu raa keTildReoba, romelic maTTvisac da xalxisTvisac
sasargeblo iqneba. zedgamoWril batonpatronebad da saxelm-
wifo Zexorcielebad namdvilad aseTebs miviCnevT.
(amitomac `keTilgonierebas~ Cven am saxels vuwodebT, vi-
naTgan is `mixvedras~2 inarCunebs~, da marTlac, igi aRqmis unars
patronobs: kmayofileba da tanjva romelsac gnebavs sazriano-
bas rodi Rupaven da asaxiCreben, - magaliTisTvis, samkuTxedi
tolia an ar aris toli ori marTi kuTxis jamisa3, - mainc mx-
olod sayofacxovrebo sakiTxebSi gamocdil moqmedebebTanaa
dakavSirebuli. rameTu praqtikul saqmianobaTa dasawyisi arsia
`Tu risTvis~ iqmnebian isini, oRond visac [aRqma] tkbobiT an
tanjviT dasaxiCrebuli aqvs, igi am sawyiss uceb ver aRmoaCens,
[verc xedavs], rom misi gulisTvis unda airCios, imoqmedos
da miT unda ixelmZRvanelos. viTarmed nakli pirvel yovlisa
safuZvelisTvisaa damRupveli. ase rom, windaxeduleba msjelo-
baze aucileblobiT aris damkvidrebuli, unaria, raTa zustad
vimoqmedoT kacur sikeTis farglebSi.
Tumca, Tu xelovnebaSi SeiZleba iyos saTnoeba, gonebiano-
1. e. n. - s gamocemaSi rekqemi am teqsts SeniSvnis TanxlebiT paragrafis bo-

los iZleva: `sityvebi `Sedegi, Semoqmedeba . . . TavisTavad kargi moqmedeba~
xelnawerebSi boloskenaa § 4.~ (р. 336).
2. `keTilgoniereba mixverdas inarCunebs~ - σωφροσύνη platonuri (`keTil-
goniereba~, ùmankoeba~), ix. platoni. kratile 411e8: `keTilgoniereba ki
isaa, rodesac goni janmrTelia (σωτερία φρονήσεως) an SeiZleba sxvagvaradac:
ùbiwoeba, es isaa, roca goneba urRvevia).
3. òri marTi kuTxis jamisa~ - anu samkuTxedis kuTxeTa jami tolia an ar
aris toli ori toli kuTxisa (anu, samkuTxedis gare kuTxe tolia misi Sida
aramosazRvre ori kuTxis jamisa) (asoTxmoc gradusis).
wigni mexuTe 143

baSi is ar iqneba da xelovnebisTvis metad umjobesi igia, vinac

gangeb Secdeba, xolo gonivrulobisaTvis - naklebad, iseve,
rogoradac saTnoebisTvis. aqedan cxadia, zedmiwevniT gonebadam-
jdarobaa romeliRac saTnoeba da ara xelovneba. sulSi gana ori
sazriani nawilia da saTnoebac albaT erT maTgans miekuTvneba,
imas, romelic azrs1 warmoSobs, raki fiqri, iseve ranairadac
saRadmoazrovneoba maSin Cndeba, ra drosac raime SeiZleba ase
an ise warmoiSvas. TumcaRa Tavgzianoba ara ubralod `wesier
msjelobaze damyarebuli Snoa~ - rac imiT dasturdeba, rom
[azris aRZvris] unarisTvis gulmaviwyobaa damaxasiaTebeli, dia
gonebagaxsniloba - ara.
VI
radgan mecniereba saerTos da aucileblad arsebulis Ses-
axeb warmodgenaa, yovels, rac damtkicebas saWiroebs da raRa
Tqma unda yvela mecnierebas Sehferis dasabami hqondes (rakiRa
mecniereba msjelobaa), _ im dros, TviT Ziri mecnieruli Sem-
ecnebisa ver iqneba obieqti mecnierebisa, verc xelovnebisa
da vercra gonivrulobisa: mecnieruli Secnobis sagani dama-
jereblobas gulisxmobs, aki xelovnebas da windaxedulebas
saqme imasTan aqvs rac SeiZleba ase an ise wamoiWras. magram,
arc sibrZnea fesvisTvis, radganac xandaxan mencaric mtkice-
bulebebs mimarTavs. swored ase, vincobaa is, ris wyalobiTac
Cven WeSmaritad da Seucdomlad vmsjelobT (maszedac, rac egeb
kidec iyos, an SesaZloa sxvagvarad arc iyos) _ es gaxlavT
mecniereba, keTilgoniereba, sibrZne da ganWvreta da sami maT-
gani [safuZvelisTvis ar aris] (mxedvelobaSi maqvs mecniereba,
gonebagaxsniloba, da sibrZne), imxanad pirvelsawyisi gonebi-
anobisTvis rCeba.
1. ìmas, romelic azrs qmnis~ Sdr. maRla me 5 e SeniSvna.
144 wigni mexuTe

VII
sityva `sibrZnes~ xelovanTagan Cven imaT vusadagebT, vinc
Tavis ostatobiT wundaudeblad zustia, vTqvaT, fidiasi -
`brZeni~ moqandakea, oRond poliklite - moqandakea1, sityva
`brZeniT~ ara rame sxvas, mainc xom Tavis xelovnebaSi umaRles
saTnoebas aRvniSnavT. aqve gvjeravs, ase Tu ise brZeni xalxic
sufevs saerTod da ara kerZod, ara `raimeSi ganbrZnobilebi~
rarig homerosTan vkiTxulobT:
RmerTebma xom mas xvnisa da Tesvis, arca araferis niWi ar

misces 2.
ase, cxadia: sibrZne yvela mecnierebas Soris metnaklebad

zustia. Sesabamisad, didi codnis da gamocdilebis mqonem
saWiroa ara mxolod safuZvelis mixedviT Seicnos, dabolos
TviT sawyisi WeSmaritad gaarkvios. aseT dros xams sibrZne
gonebasa da samecniero codnasTan erTad iyos, TiTqos meTauri
mecniereba yvelaze mniSvnelovanis Sesaxeb.3
uazrobaa, politikuri moRvaweoba da gonebamoqniloba sa-
keTebel rameTa Sua yvelaze seriozul saqmeebad miviCnioT (ra Tqma
1. fidiasis da polikletes xelosnoba, me 5 e saukunis cnobili berZeni moqan-

dakeebi., berZnul teqstSi sxvadasxvagvarad iwodebian. pirveli Sesaxelebulia
– λιθουργός, xolo meore ἀνδριαντοποιός rac maT sxvadasxva materialisadmi
siyvarulze miuTiTebs. fidiasisas – marmarilosi (qvisa), polikletesi – brin-
jaosi. platons (`protagoraSi~, `menonSi~, `did hipiaSi~) brZeni ostatebis
magaliTi ramdenjerme aqvs moxmobili (σοφοὶ τεχνι̑ται), – aristoteles erTxel
hyavs fidiasi naxsenebi msgavs konteqstSi, rogorc Cans skolis mowafobis-
droindel platonisgan mosmenil magaliTebs ixsenebs.
2. Fr.2 Kinkеl. fsevdo homerosis poema `margitebi~ mTeli antikurobis manZilze
homerosis Txzulebad miiCneoda.
3. Sdr. detaluri axsna imisa, Tu ratom aris sibrZne mecnierebasTan da gon-
ebasTan erTad m. m. – Si I, 34, 1197а21 - 31.
wigni mexuTe 145

unda, Tuki Zexorciels dedamiwaze arsebul arsebaTa Sua yvelaze

srulyofilad ar miviCnevT). xolo, rameTu kacTaTvis `janmrTeli~
da `kargi~ erTnairi iqneboda, mxolodRa TevzebisTvis sul sxva da
sxva ram, raTa `TeTri~ da `swori~ igivi yofiliyos, imJamad brZenad
yvelas erTi da igive, mxolod windaxedulad - sxvadasxva unda
eRiarebinaT. marTlac, WkuaTmyofels mas eZaxian, vinc yvelafers,
raic mis saqmeebs Seexeba - SesaniSnavad xedavs, amitom gadasawyvetad
sxvaTa problemebs mas andoben. aqve davZenT, zogierT cxovelebze
amboben, isini `gamWriaxebi~ ariano, viTarmed TiTqos maT SeuZliaT
TavianTi cxovreba ganWvriton. da kidev, aSkaraa, sibrZne da poli-
tikuri xelovneba erTi ar aris: sibrZne rom iyos codna gamorCenisa
da moxerxebul cxovrebisa, erTob bevri sibrZne gveqneboda, xom ar
gvegulvis erTi, erTaderTi sibrZne yvela cocxali arsebis keTil-
dReobisaTvis, aramed TiToeuls Tavisi brZnoba aqvs, ragvaradac ar
moipoveba erTi saSualeba yvelas erTi xelis mosmiT gankurnebisa.
mainc, romc dauSvaT, reca mokvdavi yvela cocxal arsebaze
ukveTesia, es [Cvens daskvnas] ar Secvlis, vinaidan TviT bunebiT
miwis SvilT ufro RvTaebrivi arsnic aRematebian ( ai Tundac
(kosmosis damamSvenari) yvelaze kaSkaSa - [mnaTobni] ) cargvalis
Semamkobelni.
naTqvamidan cxadia [safilosofoso] sibrZne bunebiT yvelaze
rTulis Sesaxeb mecnierebaa da misi gziani Wvretaa. Tumc Cven
Taless da anaqsagoras1 brZen xalxad vaRiarebT, dia praqtikul
moazrovneebad - vera, im mizeziT, esden TavianTi TavisTvis sarge-
beli imaT ar icodnen da viT amboben, yovel gansakuTrebuls,
SemecnebisaTvis araCveulebrivs da rTuls ki uwyodnen, miuxe-
davad amisa - usargeblos, raxan maTi Ziebani adamianur keTil-
dReobaTa gverdis avliT mdebareobda.
1. Talesi (Zv. w. aR. 6 s – is dasawyisi), adreioniur naturfilosofiis war-

momadgeneli (mileTis skola), erTi Svid brZenTagani.
146 wigni mexuTe

VIII
gamWriaxoba ki adamisSvilur saqmeebTanaa dakavSirebuli,
romelTa gamoc TaTbiri da gadawyvetilebis miReba SeiZleba.
marTlac - jansaRad sakiTxis gadaWra ufro azrians Seefereba.
mainc TiTqos aravin ar sja - baasobs imaze, rac sxvafriv
SeuZlebelia, an mizanSeuwonelia, ganzraxulobaSi Cven ganxor-
cielebad sikeTes vgulisxmobT. ranairadac ubralod iTqmis,
saRad gadawyvetas imisgan, visac SeuZlia umjobesi Tavgzianad
gamoZebnos iqedan, risi ganxorcielebac kacis Svils ZaluZs.
TumcaRa ki windaxeduleba marto saerTos codna rodia,
calkeulis codnacaa, WkuaTmyofloba xom gamocdili unaria,
aki moRvawoba kerZo qmedebebia. ai, amis gamoa zog - zogebi me-
tad warmatebulad rom moqmedeben vidre TiTo - orola mcodne,
oRond [mizezi] ar gaegebaT. vTqvaT, viRacam icis, msubuqi
xorcis moneleba1 ufrosRa iolia da es sijansaRea, dabolos,
Tu romeli xorcia mcirewoniani - man es ar icis da jansaRic
ver iqneba, garna, vnac uwyis, rom mCate frinvelis xorcia, igi
ufro gajaniandeba.
vinaidan mbWobeloba praqtikuli unaria, mas hmarTebs erTic
gaiTvaliswinos da meorec, magram umTavresad mainc calkeuli.
mokled, SeiZleba vTqvaT, aq misi saTaveSi mdgomi forma gvaqvs.
politikuri moRvaweoba da windaxeduleba erTi da igive
marifaTia Tumca sxvadasxvagvarad xorcieldeba. erTi nawili
1. `msubuqi xorcis moneleba ufro iolia~ - aristoteles mier gamoyenebuli

termini `mCate xorci~ (κου̑φα κρέα) sxva avtorebis teqstebSi ar gvxvdeba,
amitom, ismis kiTxva, vin SeiZleba icodes mis Tvisebebze. hipokrates
korpusSi (Txzuleba `dietis Sesaxeb~) oTxfexTa mZime xorci frinvelis
mSral xorcTanaa Sepirispirebuli (ufro mSrali imas niSnavs, rom, frinveli
mciresisxliania). Tuki termini `msubuqi~ aristoteles nawarmoebSi `mZimes~
sapirispirod gaCnda, maSin cxadia, rom aristoteles mxedvelobaSi zogierTi
samedicino cnoba hqonda, romelTa gamocdilebis gareSe gamoyenebasac
SeiZleboda gaugebrobebi gamoewvia.
wigni mexuTe 147

politikuri moRvaweobisaa da es sazrianobis meTauri forma

- kanonmdeblobiTi moRvaweobaa, meore kerZo sakiTxebTanaa da-
kavSirebuli. mas da pirvels erTnairi saxeli aqvT - politika,
da is Tavis mxriv Semsrulebel da moTaTbire moRvaweobad
iyofa (raki saxalxo krebis psefizmis dadgenileba sabolao
gadawyvetilebaa1) Sesrulebas rom eqvemdebareba. amis Sedegad
gamoTqma `politikur moRvaweobiT dakaveba~ mxolod imaT misa-
marTiTaa Tqmuli, vinc [xmis micemaSi monawileobiT] moqmedebs,
TiTqos sakuTar xelismoweriT, viTomc xelosani.
mainc, sazrianoba rogorc miiCneven, ufrore konkretul
kacxorcielis saqcielTanaa SeZerwili; [politikaSi amwon-
damwonobasTan] erTad ziari saxelic aqvs _ `gonivruloba~,
mas miekuTvnebian: diasaxlisoba, kanonmdebloba da politika,
ukanasknels - samoTaTbiro da samosamarTlo moRvaweoba.
IX
ra Tqma unda, SenTvis [sasargeblo] icode _ esaa codna gan-
sakuTrebul gvarisa, erTob gansxvavebulis vidre [politikaSi
keTilgonierebaa]. miiCneva, aRuSfoTveli igia, vinc Tavisi saqme
icis, oRond politikosebze xalxi ambobs, isini erTob saqmianebi
brZandebiano, rogoradac evripidec gveubneba:
me gonieri? xom SemeZlo, ar ki amaod,

vinZlo legions miricxuli Tu viqnebodi,
Tanapolkelebs miwerilsa, ufacifucod
imaTTan erTad Tanabari xvedri mqonoda.
1. Sdr. politika IV, 1292а34 - 37: `veraviTari gadawyvetileba sayovelTao

ver iqneba (οὺθὲν γὰρ ἐνδέχεται ψήφισμα ει̑ναι καθόλου)~. amitom, miuxedavad imisa,
rom kanonmdebloba politikis erT - erTi nawilia, `politikosebs~ maT
eZaxian, romelnic konkretul sakiTxebs wyveten, da ara saerTos (rogorc
kanonmdeblebi).
148 wigni mexuTe

magram, umjobesT saqme yvelgan aqvT. 1
imad, rom isini mxolod TavianTi keTildReobisTvis cdi-

loben, iqve fiqroben, namdvilad ase unda iqceodnen da ara sx-
vagvarad. aqedan warmoiSva azri, TiTqos windaxedulni martoden
aseTebi gaxlavan. TumcaRa, ranairadac Cans, piradi keTildReoba
SeuZlebelia rogorc sakuTari diasaxlisobis, aseve sazogadoe-
bis gareSe. Tanac savsebiT cxadi ar aris, Tu kuTvnili [ojaxis
saqmeebi] rarig warvmarToT da albaT esec unda ganvixiloT.
naTqvami2 miTac mtkicdeba, rom sruliad axalgazrdul asakSi
xalxi ukve iCekeba geometrebad, maTematikosebad da yovelive
amasTan erTad Zalze brZendebian, xolo dinjebi isini ar unda
iyvnen. amis mizezi isaa, gonebagaxsniloba calkeul rameebTanaa
1. nawyveti evripides dakargul Txzuleba `filoqtete~ dan. (fr. 787, 782, 2,

Nauck) konteqstis gareSe savsebiT gasagebi arcaa, amasTan aristotele evripides
srulad ar citirebs, Tuki yvela gadarCenil striqons gaviTvaliswinebT, aseve
evripides tragediidan perifrazs dion qrizostomosTan (ix. oratio 59 da 52),
maSin Semdegi gamova: aqavelTa razmis gadawyvetilebiT filoqtetesTan kunZul
lemnosze Casuli odisevsi yoymanobs, misi mokavSireebis TvalSi moxerxebuli
(Fronimac) tyuilubralod ar aRmoCndes, radgan, rogori Fronimac – i iqneboda,
raki SeeZlo, xolo ar darCa sxvebTan erTad troas kedlebTan da momdevno
movlenebs ar daeloda, da aseTi ra eSmakunobaa, Tuki yvelas nacvlad unda gai-
busxos saerTo gamarjvebis saxeliT? – marTlac, moxerxebulebad ambiciuri da
gvariSviliani kacebi gvevlinebian, romelnic xalxSi TavianT keTil didebaze
zrunaven, odisevsi ki aseTi sulac ar aris.
maS ase, `goniereba~ (anda praqtikuli Wkua) - unaria konkretul viTarebaSi
warmatebuli moqcevisa, mcdelobaa, sakuTar TavisTvis sasargeblo moqmedebisa.
Tumca, radgan swored esaa marifaTi saTavisod sakeTildReod Tavis daWerisa, aq
uaryofiTi kiloc Cndeba, da Fronimac – i brZandebode, am mniSvnelobiT èSmaku-
nad~ - ac iTargmneba) rac, arc Tu ise sanaqeboa. magram odisevsi sazogadoebis
davalebas asrulebs, amitom, rogorc `politikosi~ igi Fronimac - is Rirsia,
magram Tavis sakeTildReod is ar moqmedebs, amadac Fronimac - moxerxebulad
ver CaiTvleba, amasTan filoqtetes CamoyvanisaTvis is xom piradad ar garjila.
2. naTqvamia windaxedulebaze zogadad rogorc praqtikul unarze, da ara
`moxerxebulobaze~ konkretuli gagebiT.
wigni mexuTe 149

dakavSirebuli, romelnic cnobilni mxolod gamocdilebidan

xdebian, mxolodRa axalgazrdoba gamoucdelia, raxan sayovel-
dReo gawafuloba wlebs moaqvs. saWiroa aq davfiqrdeT, ratom
SeiZleba patara biWuna maTematikosi gaxdes, mxolod fizikosi
da brZeni vera? albaT imitom, esden erTi ganyenebul sawyisebze
igeba, meores dasabami ki gamocdilebaSi Zevs, maTSi bavSvebi dar-
wmunebulebi ar arian da mxolodRa gadmocema SeuZliaT. pirvel
SemTxvevaSi sagnis arsi maTTvis naTelia. aqve, Secdoma viT saerTo,
aseve kerZo msjelobis dros SeiZleba mogvivides. magaliTad, mZime
wyali dasalevad ar varga da rom es - mZime wyalia1.
cxadia, gonebianoba mecniereba ar gaxlavs, is xom, viTar
iTqva calkeulisTvisaa, dia qcevebi zustad aseTni yofilan. gon-
ebamoqniloba gonebiT Wvretis sapirispiroa: - Wkua Tavdapirvel
cnebebisTvisaa, romelTaTvisac mtkicebulebani ar arseboben, aki
ganmsjeloba - ukiduresad kerZosTvisaa, romlisTvisac mecniereba
ar aris, dabolos sufevs mxolod grZnoba2. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs
ara erT - erTi im [xuT] grZnobaTagani, aramed iseTi, romlis
1. `mZime wyali~ - `subuqisagan~ da wvimis rbili wylisgan gansxvavebiT, romelSic ar

aris minarevebi, miwis mZime nawilakebi da marili. Sdr. βαρυσταθμότερα (ϋδατα) Teo-
frastes `mcenareTa istoriis~ fragmenti, citirebuli aTeneosis mier (Deipn. 42С).
2. rac Seexeba bolo termins, erTeuli (ε̆σχατιον) ix. metafizika XI, 1059b26,
Sdr. agreTve e. n. VI, 114За29.
mocemul ganxilvaSi οί ο̆ροι gvesmis rogorc ὰμεσοι ὰρχαί àrauSualo
sawyisebis~ [mtkicebulebebis] sinonimi. Targmans `sawyisi mcnebebi~ viZleviT
1143а36, gaTvaliswinebiT, sadac naTqvamia: τω̑ν πρώτων őρων νου̑ς ὲστι καὶ ού λόγ-
ος. mocemul ganxilvis konteqsti ànalitikebSi~ savsebiTaa ganmartebuli.
(ix. gansak. 11, 2, 72bI8), amasTan, msjelobidan naTelia, rom aristotele iRebs
Semdeg wyebas urTierTSemcvlel da urTierTganmmartebel terminebisa: ᾰμεσα
/ τὰ πρότερα και ὲξ ων̑ ή ὰπόδειξις / ὰναπόδεικτα / οί őροι. Tavis rigSi λόγος gamoyene-
bulia rogorc συλλογισμός - is (mtkicebuleba) sinonimi. imav ànalitikebSi~
aristotele iyenebs őρος `terminis~ mniSvnelobiT - ìs, risi meSveobiTac
silogizmis gzavnili Sendeba~, da es ufro sazogado mniSvnelobisaa, swored
ise, rogorc terminad SeiZleba yvelaferi gamoviyenoT, romelsac `Tavisi
arsis raime mizezi~ gaaCnia da Tuki es sababi sxva rameSia, maSin mtkicebuleba
SesaZlebelia, vincobaa gansazRvreba sxva raimes meSveobiT ar aris daSvebuli,
imxanad arc mtkicebuleba ar iqneba, aramed mxolod ganWvreta da intuicia.
150 wigni mexuTe

meSveobiTac Cven ganvWvretT, ai es samkuTxedi maTematikuri mt-

kicebulebisTvisaa - ukanaskneli calkeulia rakiRa iZulebulni
varT aq SevCerdeT. TumcaRa ki, dakvirvebulobasTan SedarebiT es
ufros [gumania], garna dagulveba sxvagvari gamWriaxobaa.
X
`gamokvleva~ da `ganxilva~ - sxvadasxvaa, raki msjeloba
raimes gamokvlevas niSnavs1. amis gamo gvevaleba gavarkvioT,
aris saRi azrovneba2 codna vinZlo ar aris, azri, an mixvedri-
loba, anda iqneba sxva ramea. cxadia is codna rodia3, xom aravin
eZebs imas rac ukve icis, magram, gadawyvetilebis awon - dawona
- erTgvari TaTbiria, oRond, vinc bWobs, raRacas moiZevebs da
msjelobs. Semdgom, is mixvedrilobac ver iqneba, rameTu sja -
baasis gareSec xvdebian, ganxilva ki didxans grZeldeba, gana
tyuilad amboben: gadawyvetileba swrafad unda Sesruldes,
xolo aucilebelia nela miviRoT igio4. amasTan, is moxerxe-
bulobisganac gansxvavebulia, rakiRa eSmakunoba Taviseburi
1. Sesabamisad, TaTbiri (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs Tu rogor unda moviqceT) sx-

vadasxvagvari kvlevebia. praqtikul gadawyvetilebis miReba yvela gamokvleva
rodia (magaliTad, maTematikuri gamonaTqvamebi) Tumca ragindara saqmiani
gadawyvetileba – gamokvlevaa.
2. Sdr. m. m. II, 3, 1199а5, da agreTve Divisiones Aristote/eae 27, col.l.4 - 10, sadac
εὺβουλία aris naxsenebi rogorc erT – erTi xuT komponentTagani bednierebis
gansazRvrisas, rom is `fexs ikidebs aRzrdis meSveobiT da gamocdilebis
dagrovebiT mtkicdeba~. Zvelakademiur gansazRvrebebSi igi `saTno gonebis
monaTesavedaa~ ganmartebuli.
3. ès ra Tqma unda codna ar aris~ - platonze polemikuri Tavdasxma, romelic
`saR azrs~ rogorc codnas ise gansazRvravda, ix. saxelmwifo 428b6: amave
dros cxadia, rom TviT es yvelaze - saRi azri (εὺβουλία) aris erTgvari codna
(ὲπιστήμη τίς) aki, xalxi msjelobas ara umecrebiT, aramed rigianad codnis
ZaliT warmarTavs~ (οὐ γάρ που ὰμαθία γε ἀλλ́ ἐπιστήμη ευ̑ βουλεύονται)
4. nodar SaniZis Targmani.
wigni mexuTe 151

mixvedrilobaa, mxolodRa keTilgonierebas azrsac ver daarqmev.

udavoa, (Tu rom vinmem cudi gadawyvetileba miiRo, igi
Secda, mxolod, vinac sakiTxi kargad gadaWra, is marTalia), avad
Tu kargad Tavgzianoba raRac siswores niSnavs, dia wesierebas
arc codnisa da arcaRa azrisa. marTlac da mkvlevaris codnis
rasti ubralo saqme rodia, iseve ragvaradac Semcdaroba, aki
azris uzakveloba Tavad WeSmaritebaa1, da amasTan, ris Sesaxebac
zraxva arsebobs, yvelaferi ukve dadgenilia. mainc saRi ganaCeni
ugunurad ar miiReba. mas rCeba praqtikul azrianobasTan Tana-
fardi iyos, radgan is ubralod damtkiceba ar aris2. dastur,
ganzraxva garna gamorkvevaa, ukve garkveuli mtkicebaa, magram,
igi vinc jer kidev msjelobs (miuxedavad amisa mniSvneloba
aqvs karg gadawyvetilebas miiRebs Tu cuds), jerxanad ikvlevs
da fiqrobs. saRad azrovneba garCevis raRac uzakvelobaa. am
mizeziT pirvel yovlisa ganvixiloT ukeTu ras gamovZebniT
Cven roca raimes ganvikiTxavT da riskenaa es Zieba mimarTuli.
vinaidan sisworeze sxvadasxva azria gamoTqmuli, amas
mtkiceba aRar esaWiroeba, es romelic gvnebavs is simarTle
ar aris, - sxvafriv vinme aramzada Tavis Canafiqrs Seasru-
lebs da dauZraxveli zraxvebis mqone kacad mogvevlineba. ase
uares dReSi CavcvindebiT, oRond miiCneva, unari logikuri
gadawyvetilebis povnisa romeliRac keTildReobaao. amisda-
mixedviT, saRadmoazrovneoba gulzraxvaTa wesierebaa keTil-
dReobis mizanSi amoRebis TvalsazrisiT. Tumc dRekeTiloba
Cven mcdarma daskvnamac SeiZleba mogvgvaros, aserigad, gamova
1. codnas swori (WeSmariti) ar unda uwodo, vinaidan swored igia WeSmariteba,

da ara raime, WeSmaritebasTan wilnayari. am azriT mosazrebas SeiZleba swori
(WeSmariti) daarqva, magram imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom es asea da is namdvilad
aris WeSmariteba.
2. rogorc ukve meore TavSi iTqva, mtkiceba da uaryofa Teoriul gonisTvis
niSandoblivia.
152 wigni mexuTe

is, rac unda gamosuliyo, TumcaRa ise ara, rogorc saWiroa

saSualo terminis mcdarobis mizeziT. Sesabamisad, Wkvianoba
arc iseT WeSmaritebad CaiTvleba, rodesac aucilebels bedi-
anad, oRond sxva gziT movipovebT. amis garda, aseT dros erTi
droulad saWiro gadawyvetilebas ver ipovnis, meore - Zalian
swrafad, amgvarad, am sjis es saSualeba marTebulia, es siswore
gezis vargisobis rwmeniTaa, miznis miRwevis xerxis, da drois
TvalsazrisiT.
da isev, aris ki SesaZlebeli rigianad gadavwyvitoT, Se-
darebiT Tu Seufardeblad, romelime miznis misaRwevad ra unda
vakeToT?! gasagebia, rom sakiTxis upirobod kargi gadaWra
marTali gabedvaa, roca gezi ucilobelia, am SemTxvevaSi ki
vargisi - romeliRac mimdinare miznisaTvis aris. vinaidan
WkuaTmyofloba sazrian ZexorcielebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli.
zedmiwevniTi gadawyvetilebis povnis unari, es rogorc Cans
umetnaklebobaa dasaxuli ganzraxvis miRwevis gvarianobis
TvalsazrisiT, mainc aki TviT mizanmimarTulebis zust gagebad
mbWobeloba gvevlineba.
XI
sazrianoba da gonebamaxviloba1, romelTa wyalobiTac
mokvdavebs mixvedrilebs da gamWriaxebs eZaxian, gansxvavdebian
ranairadac mecnierebisagan da azrisagan saerTod, (sxvafriv
yvela sazriani iqneboda), aseve calkeul mecnierebebisgan, ro-
gorebicaa saxeldobr medicina, codna wamlebis Sesaxeb, an geo-
metria - sidideebis Taobaze. marTlac, mixvedrilobas araferi
aqvs saerTo arc mudmivTan da uZravTan, arcara warmoSobilTan,
(sul erTia ra saxiT), mainc mxolod masTan, raic CvenSi dab-
rkolebas warmoSobs da risTvisac uTuoa moviTaTbiroT. ami-
1. Sdr. m. m. I, 34, 1 1 97bl2.
wigni mexuTe 153

tomac Wkua-goneba imav rameebTanaa dakavSirebuli, rasTanac

goni, dabolos mixvedriloba da windaxeduleba erTi rodia:
gonivruloba gvibrZanebs (rameTu, misi amocanaa migviTiTos, ra
unda movimoqmedoT an ar CavidinoT), xolo sazrianoba mxolod
azrs gamoTqvams. (viTarmed mixvedriloba) da gamWriaxoba, saz-
rianebi da gonebamaxvilebi)1 erTi da igivea.
mixvedriloba arc windaxedulebis qonaa da aRarc misi mop-
ovebaa, mxolodRa, imis msgavsad, odes raimes Seswavlis dros
`gagebis~ magivrad `mixvedras~ brZaneben, aseve iseT rameebze
azris gamoTqmis xans, romelTac keTilgoniereba uwyis, nacvlad
`garkvevisa~ [`mixvedras~ amboben], an, `mSvenivrad gaverkvieTo~
(`kargi~ da `mSvenieri~ TiTqos erTi da igivea). ai, saidan war-
moiSva sityva `mixvedriloba~ da aqedan warmoqmnili sityva
`mixvedrilni~, _ gagebis unaridan, Cven diaRac xSirad nacvlad
`gagebisa~ _ `mixvedras~ vambobT2.
egred wodebuli gonebagaxsniloba, ris mqonebelze ityvian
àqvs unari Segiwynaroso~ da `SeuZlia gaigoso~3) _ es aris
1. rogorc Cans am garCevam unda cxadhyos, Tuki aristotelem Tavis dasawyisSi

ori mcneba erTurTisagan ganasxvava, igi mxolod erTs ratom ganixilavs?
2. aristoteles msjeloba cnebebis: `Secnobis~ da `mixvedris~ mWidro kavSiris
Sesaxeb `kratileSi~ platonis mier gamoTqmuli azris gagrZelebaa, miuxedavad
imisa rom aristotele platonis maxvilgonivrul etimologiur dakvirvebebs
ugulebelhyofs: `σύνεσις~ δ .́ . . ω̆σπερ συλλογισμὸς εῖναι, őταν δὲ συνιέναι λέγη, ταὺτὸν
παντάπασιν τῶ ὲπίστασθαι συμβαίνει λεγόμενονρ́ συμπορεύεσθαι γὰρ λέγει τὴν ψσυχὴν
τοι̑ς πράγμασι τὸ `συνιἑναι ~ (`mixvedriloba~ TiTqos erToblivi msjelobaa, da
roca `mixvedras~ amboben, es igivea, Tqva _ `SevicnoTo~: sityva `mixvedra~
ambobs, rom suli rameebis `Tanamxlebia~), 412а5-b I. aristotelesTan ubralod
ὲπίστασθαι igiv mniSvnelobis mqone sityva μαντάνειν-iT aris Secvlili.
3. gamomcemelTa da mTargmnelTa umetesobis Tanaxmad (eseni gaxlavan: baivot-
eri, suzemili, rekqemi), meTerTmete Tavi 1143a19 striqoniT iwyeba, maTgan
gansxvavebiT dirlmaieri Tavs 1143а25 striqoniT aRniSnavs, Cvenc mas mi-
vyvebiT, vigebT ra mcnebaze γνώμη `gageba~ mcire danamats, rogorc saboloo
epizods inteleqtualur zneobriobebze swori msjelobisa. maSin, momdevno
154 wigni mexuTe

namdvili msjeloba, romelsac wesieri kaci gamoTqvams. ai mt-

kicebuleba: Cven vambobT, rigiani metnaklebad Sembralebelia
da iyo patiosani - es niSnavs cnobil SemTxvevebSi mowyale
brZandebodeo. ra aris Sewynareba? - swored esaa zedmiwevniTi
Segneba, romlis Tanaxmadac wesieri miwis Svili sjis, WeSmaritad
is xvdeba vinc marTlad gansjis1.
Tavi axali rubrikaciis Tanaxmad axali gansxvavebiT ar daiwyeba, romelic

agreTve detalurad ar aris damuSavebuli, aramed wina msjelobaTa SejamebiT,
miTiTebul TvisebaTa miuxedavad yvela inteleqtualuri saTnoeba erTmaneTs
raRaciT erTob hgvanan.
axali Tavi saidanac ar unda daviwyoT, kiTxvaTsxvaobaTa Soris avto-
ritetuli xelnawerebis arCeva gvixdeba, (isini orni arian – Кb da Lb). Lauren-
tianus LXXXI, 11 (Кb) da Marcianus Ven. 213 (Мb) xelnawerebi gvakiTxebs καθ' η̑ν
συγγνώμονας romelsac baivoteri emxroba, xolo suzemili da rekqemi nawar-
moebs mihyvebian εὺγγνώμονας, romelsac Parisiensis 1854 (Lb) iZleva da teqsti
(Г) s laTinuri versiac. cota qvemoT (1143а31) Si aristotele orive sityvas
rogorc sinonimebs ise gamoiyenebs.
1. mcneba `Sewynarebis~ ganxilvisas , aristotele platonis oponentad gvev-
lineba. Sdr. platonis kanonebi 757el-3: `keTilganwyoba da mowyaleba (ὲπιεικὲς
καὶ σύγγνωμον) srulyofilebas da [kanonis] simkacres vneben, im SemTxvevaSi Tu
isini kanons ewinaaRmdegebian (παρὰ δίκην τὴν ὸρθήν)~. mTeli fragmenti, romlis
Suagulidanac aris aRebuli mocemuli citata, Seicavs arguments maszed,
rom politikuri sfero samarTlianis sferos emTxveva. magram, samarTliania
bunebiT uTanasworo unarebis gaTanasworeba, da ai, xdeba xolme (Semwnare-
blobas) romelic kanonis simkacres ewinaaRmdegeba - unda davuTmoT, - magram,
aman SeiZleba xalxSi areuloba da Sina omic gamoiwvios, amitom aucilebelia
umravlesobis mier xelmZRvanelobasTan erTad sxva saSualebac - SesaZleblo-
bebis gasaTanabreblad – kenWis yra gamoviyenoT.
aristotele aSkarad cdilobs Sewynarebaze rogorc samarTlianobis dar-
Rvevaze rac adamianuri bunebiTaa gamowveuli platonis msjeloba Searbilos.
mowyalebis miseuli gageba kanonis werilis simkacreze amaRlebis ideasTan,
adamianur simarTlis ganmtkicebis SesaZleblobasTanaa dakavSirebuli. locva
kurTxevis rogorc uzenaesi samarTlianobis gageba `ritorikaSia~ 1З74b dafiq-
sirebuli (ὲπιεικές rogorc Cans, - δίκαιον - ia, magram – ὲπιεικές samarTliania
dawerili kanonis samarTlianobis garda), 1402bI0. συγγνώμη (Sewynareba mitevebis)
Sesaxeb ix. e. n. 1109b32, 1110a24, 1111a2; m. m. II, 6, 5.4. patiebis msgavs mniSvnelo-
wigni mexuTe 155

XII
yoveli es Tvisobriobani erTmaneTs TiTqos emTxveva, gas-
agebicaa: Cven sityvebs: `mixvedrilobas~ `sazrianobas~, `gon-
ebianobas~ da `Wkuas~ erTi da igiv adamianebisadmi viyenebT,
miviCnevT esden gagebis unari yvelas aqvs, visac ukve momwifuli
goneba gaaCnia, vinac windaxedulia da kargad esmis. yoveli es
Sno kidevac bolosken da calkeuliskenaa mimarTuli da vincobaa
adamisSvils gonebadamoqnilobis marifaTi moepoveba, xams igi
sazriani, ganmsjeli, keTilmosurne iyos da patieba SeeZlos.
marTlac, saerTo maxasiaTebeli yvela zneobrivi kacisSvilisa
sxvebis mimarT maTi wesierebaa.
mxolod, yvelaferi, rac qcevebSia ganxorcielebuli,
saxeldobr erTeulsa da bolos aqvs mikuTvnebuli, - gamWriaxi
kacxorcieli zustad amis mcodnea; aseve msjelobas da
Segnebas im qmedebebTan aqvT saqme, romelnic agreTve miwuruls
warmoadgenen1. amasTan, Wkua orive gagebiT bolosTvisaa: pirvelad
cnebebisTvisac da erTeulisTvisac swori msjeloba ki ara,
ganWvreta arsebobs. logikur dasabuTebaSi Tavgzianoba usaTuoa
ucvleli, sawyisi mcnebebis [gadasawyvetad], dia praqtikul
saqmianobaSi igi calkeulisaTvisaa aucilebeli, romelic
sxvagvaradac SeiZleboda momxdariyo, - anu igi sxva, [naklebi]
wanamZRvarisTvisaa, aki sawyisi misi Semadgenelia im gagebiT
biT mobodiSebis termini gvxvdeba platonis dialogebSi `fedra~ 233с4, 257а6,

`saxelmwifo~ 558bI, `kanonebi~ 731d7. ganmmartavi konteqstebi συγγνώμη terminis
mniSvnelobis gasagebad, cnobili aTeneli oratorebis lisisis da demosTenes
gamosvlebSi mravladaa. mcneba γνώμη SegveZlo gveTargmna rogorc `mosazreba~ an
`gaTvaliswineba~ (gamoTqma `sasamarTlos mixedviT~ `sasamarTlos Sexedulebi-
samebr~ konteqstSi, xolo ε̆χειν γνώμην Tavisi azri daicvas da a. S.
1. ase amrigad, yvela es oTxi xarisxi (sazrianoba, windaxeduleba, Segneba, da
Wkua) kerZo adamianis moralur qmedebis wertilSi ikveTebian.
156 wigni mexuTe

Tu `risTvis~ [sruldeba moqmedeba], erTeulidan xom saerTo1

gamomdinareobs. maS ase, amisaTvis gansakuTrebuli aRqmaa saWiro,
rac goniT Wvretaa. < amitom, Wkua aris dasawyisic da bolo
mizanic, radgan misgan mtkicebulebebi gamomdinareoben da masve
ganekuTvnebian. > 2
am mizeziT miiCneva, yvela es unari bunebrivia3 da TumcaRa
ki brZenad ar ibadebian, TiToeuls Tandayolili aqvs mixvedri-
1. anonimi: radgan goneba dasabamTa Semecnebaa da raki praqtikul saqmeTa

sawyisi – erTeulia, xolo TeoriulTa, romelTa mizanic – WeSmaritebaa -
saerTo gansazRvrebani οί őροι Seugnebladi daskvnebi (α̈μεσοι λόγοι) da sazoga-
dod aRiarebuli mcnebebia (κοιναὶ ε̈ννοιαι) – maSin Teoriuli goneba saerTo
gansazRvrebebisa da pirvel da ucvlel danaskvebisa Semecneba unda iyos, xolo
praqtikuli - Secnoba yvelaze ukanasknelisa da [mxolod] SesaZleblisa, anu
rogorc savsebiT cxadia, praqtikulad Semsrulebeli yovel calkeul Sem-
TxvevaSi; ase rom, praqtikuli da Teoriuli goneba yvelaze ukanasknelisTvis
da yvelaze pirvelisTvis, xom uSualo daskvnani, sawyisi da erTeuli gansaz-
Rvrani, pirvelni da ukanasknelni gaxlavan. maSin, roca uSualo daskvnebi
bunebiT pirveladni arian, CvenTvis ki boloni, xolo, erTeuli - CvenTvis
pirvelia, magram bunebiT – boloa. swored es `bunebrivad boloni~ gaxlavan
sawyisni da mizezni praqtikulad miRwevadi miznisa, radgan erTeul grZnobier
gamocdilebaze damyarebiT Cven vswavlobT sasargeblo moqmedebas CvenTvis da
sxvaTaTvis da amis wyalobiT vaRwevT sasurvel mizans da gadavdivarT ra kerZo
SemTxvevebidan sazogado daskvnebze, cxovrebiseulad vbrZendebiT.~ (129.17 - 31).
2. àmitom, Wkua. . . da masve ganekuTvnebian~ – es fraza aqeT gadmovsvaT (dirl-
maieris kvaldakval), manuskriptebSi igi momdevno abzacis bolosaa.
3. goni da grZnoba ori saxis uSualo codnaa. magram, Tuki codna arafriT
ar aris naSuamavlebi, gamodis, is `bunebrivia~ - mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs buneba
adamianur gonisa. anonimi gvixsnis: àmgvari uSualo codna swored gonia,
radgan gonebaa Secnoba Seugnebelisa (ή γνω̑σις τω̑ν ὰμέσων) da sawyisebisa. ami-
tom miiCneva aseTi codna bunebrivad, radgan igi CvenSi samecniero kvlevebis
Sedegad rodi warmoiSveba, aramed bunebrivad da ara mxolod Wkua, aramed saRi
azric. gamWriaxoba da mixvedris unari Zaldautaneblad iTvlebian, radgan
isini gonis bunebrivi SemecnebiT arian warmoSobilni (τη̑ς φυσικη̑ς γνώσεως του̑
νου̑) imazevea mimarTuli, razec goneba, anu erTeulze. magram, sibrZnesTan
ukve ise ar aris, raki bunebiT brZeni aravinaa, imitom rom, raTa brZeni gaxde,
kvlevebiTa da mecnierebiT unda dakavde~ (р.129.32 - 41).
wigni mexuTe 157

loba, sazrianoba, goneba. ai, amis mtkicebulebac: Cven gvgonia,

es unarebi wlebis manZilze mogvidian da garkveul asakSi Zex-
orcieli TiTqos bunebis madliT Wkuis da Segnebis mqonebelia.
amnairad, mkacr damowmebebze metad gvmarTebs imasac mivayura-
doT Tu dadasturebebze daundoblad ras ambobs da fiqrobs
xnieri, mravalWirgamovlili, windaxeduli xalxi, - radganac
gamocdil mzeriT isini yvelafers sworad xedaven.
amgvarad, ra gaxlavs WkuaTmyofloba da sibrZne, ra warmoad-
gens maT sagans da agreTve imaze, rom isini sulis sxvadasxva
nawilebis saTnoebani brZandebian, ukve iTqva.
XIII
dabrkolebas SeuZlia warmoSvas kiTxva - mainc risTvis
arian isini gamosadegnio? marTlac, [Teoriuli] sibrZne
arafer imaTganze araa mimarTuli, rasac kacuri bedniereba
hqvia, (rameTu igi aranair Camoyalibebisken ar yofila miqceu-
li), garna, praqtikul mbWobelobas Tumca namdvilad amasTan
aqvs saqme, magram, risTvisaa igi saWiro? Tu windaxeduleba
mokvdavisTvis samarTlianis, mSvenieris da kargis Taobaze
[sacnaurobaa], mas Semdeg es yovelive unda ganasxvavebdes
qmedebebs ukve saTno adamianisa - mainc Cven mxolod am am-
bebis mcodneni ukveTesad ver vimoqmedebT, iseve, rogorc
janmrTeli da gamamagrebeli [codniT], da saerTod yvelafer
imiT, rasac moqmedeba ki ara, dabolos romelime mdgomareoba
ewodeba (vincobaa maRali zneoba garemoeba iqneba [da ara
moqmedeba] sulisa): Cven xom ufro Zlierebi da janmrTelebi
ar vxdebiT mxolodRa miT, raxan medicina an ginmastika
viciT. vinZlo, sazrianoba miucilebeli ar aris imsaTvis
[raTa gavigoT], aramed rom viqceT, maSin is znekeTil miwis
Svilebsac araferSi gamoadgebaT, arc imaT, visac saTnoeba ar
gaaCnia, - ra gansxvavebaa, Cven TviTon varT zneobrivni Tu im
158 wigni mexuTe

adamianebs vujerebT, vinac aseTni gaxlavan da es viTomc savse-

biT sakmarisia, garna, ragvar janmrTelobis SemTxvevaSi aqac
ise iqneba: saRsalamaTobis mosurneni, Tavad rodi vswavlobT
medicinas. amas garda, Seusabamobad SeiZleba isic mogveCvenos,
davuTmobT ra sibrZnes Rirsebis mizeziT, Wkua - goneba mainc
imeTaurebs, igi aki Tvisi moRvaweobis bunebiT calkeulis
mbrZanebeli da ganmwesrigebelia. axla gvevaleba es yovelive
ganvixiloT, vidre TiToeuli maTgani CvenTvis gadauWrel
siZneled gadaiqceva.
pirvel yovlisa saWiroa aqve iTqvas, rom sibrZne da
gonivruloba, TiToeuli sulis Tav - TavianTi nawilis saT-
noebani arian, garduvalobis ZaliT ukve TavisTavad samjobi-
narni, im drosac ki, Tu rom arcerTi maTgani arafers ar qmnis.
meorec, zustadac qmnian, miuxedavad amisa ise ara viT saeqimo
xelovneba, aramed ise, rogoric TviT janmrTelobaa - sibrZne
bednierebas1 zedmiwevniT ase warmoSobs. ubrZenesoba TiTqos
mTlianad saTnoebis nawilia, swored amitom misi floba da
[mis Tanaxmad] moqmedeba adamians abednierebs. da kidev, Cveni
adamisSviluri mizani uklisad windaxedulebis da zneobrivi
saTnoebis wyalobiTac xorcieldeba, vinaidan siqvele ganzrax-
vas swor mimarTulebas aZlevs - oRond keTilgoniereba isaa,
rasac misken mivyavarT. (xolo meoTxe - sulis mwvane, mzardi
nawilisaTvis saTnoeba ar moipoveba, imis gamo, rom arcara
moqmedeba da arcaRa umoqmedoba masze damokidebulni ar arian.)
1. vTargmniT Tanamedrove gamomcemlebis umravlesobis, xelnaweri tradiciis

CamsworebelTa mier miRebuli teqstis mixedviT. Tumca xelnaweri uazro da
gaugebari sulac araa, uuZvelesi Kb 6 ase ikiTxeba: τω̑ ε̆χεσθαι ποιει̑ καὶ ὲνερ-
γεία εὐδαιμονία (εύδαιμονίαν Lb и Оb Tanaxmad), rac Targmnis dros frazis mTel
Sinaarss amrigad Secvlida: òRond ise ara rogorc janmrTelobis aqimobis
xelovneba, aramed viT Tavad janmrTeloba, - zustad iseve sibrZne qmnis bedn-
bierebas: romelic erToblivad mTliani saTnoebis nawilia. igi qmnis imis gamo
rom ubralod arsebobs da sinamdvileSi swored is aris namdvili bedniereba.~
wigni mexuTe 159

rac Seexeba danaskvs, Cveni moqmedebani mSvenierebasa da

samarTlianobaze Cveniv codnis da mixedviT arafriT ar umjobes-
debiano, aq cotaTi ukan davixioT da ai riT daviwyoT. imis ms-
gavsad, rarig zog - zogebs `samarTlianad momqcevebs~ vuwodebT,
oRond maT `sjulierni~ ar unda davarqvaT (magaliTad imaT,
vinac kanonierad iqceva an uneburad, anda ucodinrobiT, an su-
lac kidev sxva ram mizeziT, mainc gana, ara TviT samarTlianobis
gulisTvis, Tumc isini swored imas akeTeben, raic keTilznian
kacis Svils sWirdeba da ekadreba), - zustad ise, viTar Cans,
vinZlo Sesaferis ganwyobaze iqnebi, SeiZleba xandaxan Tavi
asec daiWiro, TiTqos zneobrivi iyo. mxedvelobaSi isa maqvs,
ase, viTomc winaswarganzraxulad, maTi gamoisobiTac moqmedeb.
mxolodRa, swor arCevans saTnoeba akeTebs da yvelaferi, rasac
misTvis qmedobad miviCnevT, zneobriobis codnas rodi, mainc
sxva unars ganekuTvneba.
amis Sesaxeb xams friad garkveviT vTqvaT, raTa ukveTesad
gavigoT. aris aseTi marifaTi romelic `gamomgoneblobad~ iwo-
deba. es unari nebas gvaZlevs dasaxul gezis da mixedviT vimoqm-
edoT da mivaRwioT mas. vincobaa mizani mSvenieria, imxanad es niWi
saqebia, ukeTu mizanmimarTuleba arasakeTiloa, mas `gaqnilobas~
eZaxian, risTvisac gonebagaxsnil kacxorcielebs Cven gamomgone-
blebs da moxerxebulebs vuwodebT. gonebianoba am Tavgziano-
basTan gaigivebuli ar gaxlavs, dabolos misi monawileobis
gareSec ver iqneba; es mdgomareoba cnobil [gamWriaxi] xedvis
daxmarebiT sulSi lagdeba, mxolod ara zneobrivi saTnoebis
gareSe, ragvaradac ukve iTqva, - TumcaRa es yvelaferi TiTqos
aSkaraa: silogizms, romelic praqtikul moqmedebas gulisxmobs,
amgvari wanamZRvari aqvs: `raxan bolo mizani da saukveTeso esa
da esaa. . . ~ (sul erTia, dasturTaTvis SeiZleba nebismieris
aReba). mainc xom, Tu adamiani saTnoebiT ar gamoirCeva, imJamad
es yovelive misTvis cxadi ver iqneba, rakiRa uzneuroba gzas
160 wigni mexuTe

aacdens da TviT moRvaweobis principebis xarjze1 Seacdens. ase

rom, savsebiT cxadia, SeuZlebelia iyo windaxeduli vinZlo
saTno ar iqnebi.
saTnoebis ganxilvas davubrundeT. igi [gonebamoqnilo-
bas] daaxloebiT iseve ganekuTvneba, rogorc windaxeduleba
gamomgoneblobas: miuxedavad amisa es erTi da igive ar aris, mainc
xom erTmaneTs Zalian hgvanan, - aseve bunebrivi zneobrioba saT-
noebasTan Tanafardia am sityvis saukveTeso gagebiT. marTlac,
gavrcelebulia Sexeduleba, romlis Tanaxmadac zneobaTa yvela
Tavisebureba CvenTvis TiTqos bunebidanaa niSandoblivi, vinaTgan
dabadebidan samarTliani, mamacni, umwikvloni varT. TumcaRa
ki am kvlevaSi raRac sxvas veZebT, kerZod, keTildReobas da
msgavsi rameebic CvenSi cota sxvagvarad moipovebian, - rameTu
bavSvebi da mxecebi zogierTi unariT agreTve bunebisgan dajil-
dovebulan, dabolos uWkuobis gamo isini ubralod mavneblebad
gvevlinebian. mokled aq yuradReba ai ras unda mivaqcioT: vai
Tu fizikurad Zlieri dia brma mamakaci gzas gaudgeba, igi
aucileblad raimes Seetakeba da daSavdeba, TvaldaSretilobis
mizeziT, aqac zustad asevea. daWkvianebis Semdeg mis qcevaSi Tavs
bevri sxvaoba gamoiCens, Tumc mdgomareobiT adrindels Zalian
daemsgavseba, da mxolod axlaRa gaxdeba SesaZlebeli kacma rom
Tqvas mas zneobrivi vuwodoT.
amrigad, ranairadac sulis gamWriaxi nawili saTnoebis ori
saxiTaa gamorCeuli - gamomgoneblobiTiT da saRadmoazrovneo-
biT, aseve sulis xasiaTisaTvis bunebrivi da kerZo saTnoebani
arsebobs, Tumca, vincobaa vityviT, saTnoeba windaxedulebis
gareSe ar aris.
1. `gzas aacdens TviT moRvaweobis principebis xarjze~ - Sdr. zemoT Tqmuli

140bI6 - 20: praqtikul saqmianobaTa sawyisebad maTi miznebi gvevlinebian (`ra~
da `ratom~) magram visac aRqma tkivilis an siamovnebis mizeziT damaxinjebuli
aqvs, am sawyiss igi uceb ver amCnevs.
wigni mexuTe 161

am mizeziT ambobs zogi [filosofosi], - yvela saTnoeba

codnis dedaarsiao1, da sokratec Tavis mimokvlevebSi erTgan
marTali iyo, sxvagan - gza ereoda: igi yvela saTnoebas cod-
nad miiCnevda, amaSi cdeboda, diaRac isini rom codnis gareSe
ar arseboben, es man kargad gamoikvlia2. ai TvalnaTlivobac:
rodesac Tanamedrove filosofosebi saTnoebas gansazRvraven
da (ros amboben, es `viTarebaa~ garna, ras miekuTvnebao) umate-
ben: ùtyuari msjelobis Tanaxmado3~. `namdvili~ azriani TaT-
1. mocemul fragmentSi φρόνησις - s vTargmniT rogorc `codnas~ da `gonebas~,

gamomdinareni konteqstidan, sadac aristotele Tavisi winamorbedebis termi-
nologias iyenebs. sityva `codna~ platonis dialogebSi Targmanis tradiciis
gaTvaliswinebiTaa arCeuli, agreTve mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs platonis mier `cod-
nis~ (ὲπιστήμη) da gonebis~ (φρόνησις) sinonimuri gamoyeneba (ix., mag., menoni 88b-
с, da agreTve 89 a. φρόνησιν ᾰρα φαμὲν ὰρετὴν ειν̑ αι, η̈τοι σύμπασαν η̈ μέρος τι). imis
sasargeblod, rom φρόνησις aq codnis yvelaze gavrcelebuli mniSvneloba aqvs
gansxvavebiT umecrebisagan, ugunurebisagan, saqmeSi Cauxedavobisagan, ambobs
abzacis damasrulebeli fraza, romelSic aristotele iolad cvlis φρονήσις
λόγους-iT, da damaxasiaTebel idenTifikacias iZleva φρόνησις-dan ὲπιστήμη-sken.
rogorc Cans, ar aris aucilebeli φρονήσεις maincdamainc im sityviT gadmovceT,
φρόνησις-is romeli gagebacaa miRebuli mTeli am wignis centraluris
gadmosacemad Sdr., mag., rekqemi: forms of Prudens, Росс: [orms of practical wisdom,:
aq saubari `sulis Semadgenel nawilis _ azris saTnoebaze~ rodia, aramed
azrian moRvaweobaze zogadad (Sdr. sxva SemTxvevebi aristotelesTan φρο-
νήσις gamoyenebisa: `metafizika~ IV 1009b32, `protrptikosi~ fr. 34.2, fгagmenta
vaгia, fr . 52.71). meorejer vTargmniT rogorc codnas swored am (platonis
dialogebidan kargad nacnobi) terminologiis gaTvaliswinebiT amav abzacis
dasasruls sokrates poziciis gadmocemisas.
2. Sdr. e. e. I, 1216b3-8, m. m. 1182а17, 1183b8.
3. `Tanamedrove filosofosebSi~ zneobriobis gansazRvrebisas mcnebebs ε̆ξις da
ὀρθὸς λόγος rom iyeneben, rogorc Cans Zveli akademiis wevrebs gulisxmoben da
kerZod avtors cnobil `ganmartebebisa~ (¨Οροι), SesaZlebelia is qsenokratec
yofiliyo. termini ὀρθὸς λόγος erTob xSirad gamoiyeneba platonis mier. (ix.,
mag., `fedoni~ 73 a, `sofisti~ 245 a, `timeosi~ 56 b, `filebi~ 43 e da sxvebi),
magram nebismier saTnoebis gansazRvrisas ase aSkarad ὀρθὸς λόγος ar gvxvdeba.
Tumca akademiur `ganmartebebSi~ Cven o̓ρθός λογισμός orjer vxvdebiT (gambed-
aobis da TavSekavebis ganmartebisas) da ramdenjerme ε̈ξις.
162 wigni mexuTe

biria. - diax, morCa, TiTqos mgoni gamovicaniT, saTnoeba WeS-

maritad amgvari, TavgzianobasTan dakavSirebuli mdgomareobaa.
ai, saWiroa cota SevasworoT: saTnoeba gaxlavs ara mxolod
logikuri msjelobis Tanaxmad warmoSobili garemoeba, ucilo-
beli bWobis daxmarebiT warmoqmnili mdgomareobacaa1, magram
WkuaTmyofloba namdvilad amgvar rameebze udavo sja - baasia.
maS ase, sokrates egona saTnoebani mbWobelobaSia (raki isini
yvelani codnis dedaarsni brZandebian), Cven ki vfiqrobT - igini
msjelobis meSveobiT arseboben.
amgvarad, naTqvamidan aSkaraa, SeuZlebelia zneobrivi iyo
windaxedulebis gareSe da verc windaxeduli iqnebi zneobrivi
saTnoebis kidegan. aqve vityviT, dialogSi dasaSvebia argumenti
saTnoebaTa erTmaneTisagan gancalcalkevebis Sesaxeb, aki ara-
vinaa yvela saTnoebisadmi bunebrivad gamorCeuli, amitomac
SeiZleba erTi romelime movipovoT oRond meore jer vera,
- arineba asea SesaZlebeli. yvelaferi es dasaSvebia mxolod
araxelovnuri saTnoebebisadmi, xolo, imaT mimarT, romelnic
Zexorciels saTnod aqceven, aseTi ram SeuZlebelia. marto er-
Tis, sazrianobis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi aRmoCndeba rom yvela
sxva danarCeni gveZleva.
aSkaraa, ukeTu windaxeduleba qcevebze ar miimarTeboda,
mainc saWiro darCeboda, raki igi saTnoebaa sulis erT - erTi
ubnisa da imad raTa, arCevani ar iqneboda umetnaklebo rogorc
Wkua - gonebis, aseve zneobrivi saTnoebis gareT. rakiRa erTi
bolo mizans gansazRvravs, mxolodRa meore imas, - Tu ra unda
movimoqmedoT misi ganxorcielebisaTvis.
1. aRniSnavs ra sxvaobas κατὰ λόγον (ganxilvis Sesabamisobis Tanaxmad - an

ubralod `gonivrulia~) da μετὰ λόγου (gonebis meSveobiT, gamoyenebiT) So-
ris, aristotele xazs usvams zneobriobaTa mxolod codnasTan da gansjis
unarTan Seuxvedrelobas (rac sokrates da platonis azri gaxldaT) da mis
gansazRvrebaSi adgils utovebs Jinsac, gonebas rom eqvemdebareba.
wigni mexuTe 163

dabolos, keTilgoniereba sibrZnesa an sulis yvelaze mS-

venier nawilze umTavresi rodia, ragvar medicina ar aris gac-
ilebiT mniSvnelovani janmrTelobaze, vinaTgan igi mas saqmeSi
ar iyenebs, aramed imas meTvalyureobs, rasac masTan mivyavarT, -
aserigad, goneba sibrZnisTvis dgindeba da ara Tavisi TavisTvis1.
[esden rom vTqvaT amxed - damxedobis Sesaxeb] - igivea politikas
RmerTebis mier marTuli vuwodoT, rameTu igi danawess iZleva
yvela saxelmwifo saqmisaTvis2.
1. erTob ekonomiurad Camoyalibebuli berZnuli fraza, mTargmnels Tavi-

suflebas unarCunebs saCvenebel nacvalsaxelebis gzavnilTa misamarTebis
interpretaciisaTvis. vfiqrob am adgilas jer kidev grZeldeba Sedareba
gonebadamjdarobisa da sibrZnisa medicinasTan da janmrTelobasTan, gonivruu-
loba ki daskvniT nawilSi Cndeba, romelic iwyeba ου̑ν iT. amasTan, maSin ufro
gasagebi xdeba aristoteles mier nacvalsaxelebis αὐτῆ da ὲκείνη – s gamoyeneba,
rogorc Sesabamisad boloze (janmrTelobaze) da (sibrZneze) winamorbedze.
2. `gascems danawess yvela saxelmwifo saqmeze~ - agreTve religiur orga-
nizaciebisTvis danawesebis CaTvliTac.
164 wigni mexuTe

wi
w i g ni m e e qvse
q v se
I
amis Semdgom modiT axal Temaze gadavinacvloT da vTqvaT,
agremc zneobiT sferoSi sam rames unda moveridoT: biwierebas,
Seukaveblobas da mxecurobas. pirveli oris sapirispiros -
rarig gavigeT: erTs - saTnoeba, meores - momTmenoba1 hqvia. rac
Seexeba mxecurobis sawinaaRmdegos, amas yvelaze ukeT erTgvari
zeadamianuri, romelime gmirisTvis an RmerTisTvis niSandoblivi
zneobrioba moergeba. homerosTan priamosi heqtorze ambobs, igi
Zalian kargia:
ase ukvdavi qmari Svilad eCveneboda oRond RmerTisad! 2
amrigad, Tu zogierTni amnairad fiqroben, RmerTebad adamis

Svilebi moWarbebuli qvelobis mizeziT gvevlinebiano, maSin
msgavsi mdgomareoba mxecurobis sapirispiro iqneba. ragvaradac
saTnoebani da mankierebani cxovelisaTvis Cveuli araa, aseve ar
1. Sdr. m. m. II, 4, 1200b5 - 7; ugvan TvisebaTa samad gayofas TavSekavebis saT-

noebad ganxiluli ucnauri (ὰτόπους) xasiaTi winaswar gvatyobinebs: ìs iseTi
rodia rogorebic sxva zneobriobani gaxlavan: sxvebSi goneba da grZnoba erTsa
da imavesaken miiswrafvian da erTurTs ar ewinaaRmdegebian, xolo am saTnoebaSi
goneba da grZnoba erTimeoris sapirispironi brZandebian~.
2. ìliada~ XXIV, 258.
165
gaxlavan isini damaxasiaTebeli gamCenisaTvis, visi mdgomareo-

bac saTnoebaze aRmatebulia, xolo oTxfexis yofiereba - es
biwierebis raRac sxva saxeoba iqneba. RvTis swori miwis Svili
- iSviaTobaa (magaliTad spartelebi gansakuTrebul aRtacebis
dros SeiZaxeben: `RvTaebrivi kaci!~ o), kacxorcielisagan piru-
tyvismagvaroba amgvaradve Zviri sanaxavia. Tumc barbarosebs1 Sua
igi jer isev, mxolodRa [elinTa] Soris avadmyofobis an cudi
aRzrdis mizeziT gvxvdeba; mxecebs rogorc wesi imaT uwodeben,
visi uzneobac usazRvroa.
am mdgomareobis Taobaze Cven mogvianebiT gavixsenebT,
mankierebis Sesaxeb uwin iTqva, axla ki droa TavSeunaxavoba,
ganazebuloba da avxorcoba ganvixiloT2, agreTve TavSekavebu-
loba da TavdaWeriloba. viTarmed erTica da meore garemoebac
biwierebis da zneobriobis Sesatyvisi da Sesabamisi ar brZande-
bian, Tumca CamomavlobiT maTgan arc gansxvavdebian3. viT sxva
SemTxvevebSi, movlenebs daveyrdnobiT da Tavidan dabrkolebebs
gavarCevT, am vnebebis Sesaxeb yvela azrs vuCvenebT, an umetes da
yvelaze mTavarT. rodesac siZneleni uklisad gadaiWrebian, im
dros sayovelTaod miRebuli azrebi darCeba da Cven CavTvliT,
rom obieqti Cvengan sakmarisadaa naCvenebi.
1. anonim 2 gangvimartavs rom mxecismagvaroba àdamianis sisxlis smaa da umi

xorcis Wamaa~ (409,15); da ase: èlinTa Soris SeuZlebelia nadirisebri ar-
seba ixilo, radgan elinebi kulturulebi gaxlavan da gonivrul sawyisebze
aRizardnen (πεπαιδευμένοι καὶ συντεθραμμένοι λόγω) amgvar mxecurs ufro xSirad
barbarosTa Soris ixilavT, raki barbarosebi ukulturoni arian da gonivru-
lad ar aRzrdilan~ (409,16 - 19).
2. anonim 2 miiCnevs, ara ganazebuloba da avxorcoba, aramed `ganazebuloba
an meZavganmcxromloba unda Tqmuliyo, radgan gaazizebuloba swored rom
avxorcobaa~. (409, 30 - 31).
3. `CamomavlobiT maTgan arc gansxvavdebian~ - `CamomavlobiT~ (τῶ γένει) erTic
da meorec `mdgomareobani~ (ε̈ξις) gaxlavan. Sdr., mag. e. n. 1106аll.
166 wigni meeqvse

II
maS ase, zogadad: TavSekavebuloba da TavdaWeriloba zneo-
brivsa da saqeburs, garna TavSeukavebloba da gasaTuTebuloba -
cuds da saZraxiss ganekuTvnebian. - momTmeni gonivrul mosazre-
bebs moismens. dia, TavSeunaxavi maT ukuagdebs. - TavSeukavebelma
icis, is vnebebs ayolili uxeirod iqceva, aki, TavSekavebuli,
mcodne imisa, misi survilebi uvargisia, ar ahyveba maT gonebis
wyalobiT. umankos, vinac TavdaWerilobas arasodes kargavs,
yvela TavSekavebulad miiCnevs. am Rirsebebis gamo vieTnT es
Zexorcieli yvela sakiTxSi umwikvlo hgoniaT, meoreni ki
fiqroben, amgvari kaci yvelaferSi rodia umankoo; zog - zo-
gebi àRviraxsnils~ da `TavSeukavebels erTmaneTSi ureven,
sxvebi ki maT erTurTisagan ganasxvaveben. - gonier mokvdavze
xandaxan imasac amboben, mas ar SeuZlia `TavSeunaxavi~ iyoso,
agreTve ityvian, zogierTi gonebadamjdari, da `moxerxebuli~
SeuZlebelia TavdaWerili brZandebodeso. imasac gveubnebian,
TavdauWerelni an guliswyromis dros arian da kidev, vinZlo
vinme pativisaTvis anda ram sargebelisaTvis [iRwviso].
III
aporia isaa, ranairad SeiZleba yvelaferi sworad gavigoT
da amave dros `Tavsac ver moverioT~. erTni fiqroben: ukeTu
vinmem namdvilad icis, SeuZlebelia igi TavSeukavebeli iyos,
radgan Semzaravia, Sen gankargulebaSi arsebobdes codna da
(viTar sokrate ajerCinebda), raime sxvas eqvemdebarebode, im
ucxos misce ufleba aqeT - iqeT ragvar mona1~ ise `gaprowialo-
so~. saerTod, sokrate gonebisTvis imgvarad iRwvoda, TiTqos
araviTari TavSeukavebloba ar arsebobda, - radganac mcodne
saukveTesos ar upirispirdeba [xolo, vincobaa sawinaaRmdegod
1. platoni. protagora 352сl - 2.
wigni meeqvse 167

moqmedebs], imJamad mxolod umecrebis mizeziT. misi es swavleba

TvalsaCino SemTxvevebs aSkarad Sordeba da Cvenc TavSeunaxavoba
saWiroa viT vneba ise vikvlioT, mxolodRa, Tu TavdauWerloba
umecrebis Sedegia, vikiTxoT - risi arcodnaa? vinaidan naTelia,
(TavSeukavebeli ar apirebda ase an ise moqceuliyo, vidre igi
Jinma ar moicva.)
da ai, erTni raRacaSi eTanxmebian [sokrates], sxvaSi vera.
iziareben imas, asemc araferi ar aris ufro Zlieri vidre codna,
TumcaRa imaSi ver rigdebian, esden saukveTesoze fiqrs arc vinme
ewinaaRmdegeba. Semdgom, diax, isini amboben, TavSeukavebeli sia-
movnebebs nebdeba, rameTu mas ara aqvs WeSmariti codna, aramed
Tavisi azri gaaCniao. TumcaRa - ki, roca azrze da ara codnaze
vsaubrobT da ukeTu uZlieresi gulisTqmani siamovnebebs ar
upirispirdebian, oRond SedarebiT sustebi, rac meryevT da
eWvianebs axasiaTebT, imxanad igini, romelnic TavianT azrze ver
dgebian da Zlier survilebs eZlevian, Sewynarebas imsaxureben.
mainc gakicxvis RirsT Cven uzneobas da aseve sxva danarCens ar
vpatiobT.
iqneb TavSeukavebloba gonivrulobas win mas Semdeg aRudge-
ba? xom gonebadamjdaroba [survilze] ufro Zlieria. Tumc,
es varaudic Seusabamoa: im dros erTi da igive kacis Svili
windaxedulic iqneba da TavSeukavebelic, gana aravin mohyveba
imis mtkicebas, windaxedulisTvis damaxasiaTebelia uzneobani
Tavisi nebiT Caidinoso. amis garda, adre mogiTxreT, gonebadam-
jdari adamiani Tavis Tavs praqtikul qcevebSi amJRavnebs Tqo
(mas xom erTeulTan aqvs saqme) da danarCeni saTnoebanic masTanaa.
Semdgom, TavSekavebul adamis Svils Zlieri biwieri
midrekilebebi rom hqondes, im dros arc umanko iqneboda TavSe-
kavebuli da aRarc TavdaWerili gveyoleboda - umanko. aki um-
wikvlosTvis araferi zedmeti da manki ar aris Tandayolili.
168 wigni meeqvse

da mainc, unda iyos ki misTvis niSandoblivi1! marTlac, vincobaa

gatacebani sasargebloni gaxlavan, mas Semdeg naRvlianni is
Tvisebebi aRmoCndebian, romelnic gvewinaaRmdegebian raTa gu-
lisTqmaT ar avyveT, Sesabamisad ara yoveli TavSekaveba iqneba
sasargeblo. magram, Tu midrekilebani sustni amasTan xinjianni
ar iqnebian, imxanad TavSekavebaSi araferi yofila gadasarevi,
garna, Tuki mankierni dia uRononic - arara mniSvnelovani.
amnairad, vinZlo TavSekaveba gvaiZulebs nebismier azrs
moveWidoT, imJamad is zadiania, magaliTad rodesac dagvaZalebs
mcdar azrs CavebRauWoT. vincobaa TavSeukavebloba nebismier
azrze uaris Tqmaa, maSin raRac sakeTildReo TavSeukaveblobas
miviRebT, ranairadac neoptolomeosTan sofokles `filokte-
teSi2~: mosawonia raki is ar darCa im azrze, romelic mas odis-
evsma Caunerga, radgan itanjeboda ra drosac cruobda.
mere, nebismieri sofisturi argumenti aporiaa, imad, agremc
silogizmi, romelsac sofistebi TavianTi oponentebis ukug-
debisaTvis ageben, raTa warmatebis Jams TavianTi gawafulobiT
maT winaSe gabrwyindnen, paradoqsebzea dafuZnebuli. aqedan
warmoiSoba aporia: azri Tavsmoxveulia, rodesac amgvar mtkice-
bulebis daskvnaze mas SeCereba ar surs, raxan igi ar mogvwons,
xolo win wawevis unaric ar gvaqvs, rakiRa amgvari argumentacia
ganumartavia. ai, erTi aseTi sofisturi mtkicebis Tanaxmad,
ugunureba TavSeukaveblobasTan erTad saTnoebad gvevlineba:
TavSeukavebelobis mixedviT ugunuri Tavis warmodgenis sapir-
ispirod imoqmedebs, miiCnevs, namdvilad ase unda moiqces; misi
gagebiT rigiani qcevani arasakeTiloni arian da isini ar unda
Caidinos, - ai swored is moiqceva kargad da arasdidebiT cudad.
1. anonimi 2 ìmis nacvlad~: `magram, Tuki TavSekavebuli igiv ubiwoa, maSin

umwikvlosaTvisac Zlieri da uxeiro siamovnebebi iqneboda damaxasiaTebeli~.
2. sofokles tragedia aTenis scenaze 409 wels dadges. aristote;le kidev
erTxel citirebs am tragedias, ix. 115I b 17 - 22.
wigni meeqvse 169

aserigad, igi, vinc siamovnebisaken TavdajerebiT da gaazre-

bulad iltvis, SesaZloa imaze ukveTesi mogveCvenos, vinac misken
windaxedulad ki ar iswrafvis, oRond TavSeukaveblad, - aseTs
xom ufrore iolad gankurnav vinaTgan misi gadarwmuneba Sesa-
Zlebelia. TavSeukavebelzea gamoTqmuli: ùkeTu wyali gulze
dagadga, ras daayolebo?~ rameTu, vincobaa is Tavis saqcielTa
sisworeSi darwmunebulia, ros gadavarwmunebT, wesier moq-
medebas wertils dausvams. jer ki mxolod erTSia dajerebuli,
mxolodRa meores akeTebs.
Tuki SesaZlebelia TavSeukaveblobis mcneba rasac gvinda
imas mivakuTvnoT, mas Semdeg TavisTavad TavSeukavebloba raRa
iqneba? xom yvela yvelaferSi TavSeunaxavi imwamsve ar brZandeba.
magram, Cven vambobT agremc arseboben TavdauWereli adamianebi
da morCa1.
IV
aseTi dauZleveli logikuri winaaRmdegobebi gvxvdebian.
erTi maTganni unda gadavWraT sxvani ganze mivwioT. viTarmed
aporiis gadawyveta [WeSmaritebis] povnas niSnavs.
pirvel yovlisa ganvixiloT aporia imis Sesaxeb, TavSeuka-
vebeli codniT moqmedebs Tu ucodnelad da vincobaa codniT,
raa es codna? Semdgom, raSi vlindebian TavSeukavebeli da
TavSekavebuli, mxedvelobaSi maqvs, vinZlo gaaCnia ram damokide-
buleba TavSeukaveblobasa da TavdaWerilobas yoveli rjulis
siamovnebasTan da tanjvasTan an iqneb romelime garkveulTan?
da mere, momTmeni da Tavgasuli - erTi da igivea? zustad ase
yvela sxva obieqtze, romelnic Cven kvlevas dauaxlovdebian.
dakvirveba amiT daviwyoT, ganirCevian ukeTu ar ganirCev-
1. `TavdaWerelebi da morCa~ (ὰπλω̑ς ἀκρατείς) – anu, raime damatebiTi epiteTis

gareSe. berZnuli ὰλῶς - i iTargmneba rogorc ùpirobod~, `Seufardeblad~
anu ùbralod~.
170 wigni meeqvse

ian TavSekavebuli da TavSeukavebeli [sxvadasxva sagnebisaken

swrafviT] erTi da imavisadmi gansxvavebuli damokidebulebiT.
mxedvelobaSi maqvs, amis gamoa miwis Svili TavSeukavebeli, raTa
is TavSeunaxavia mxolod gansakuTrebul rameebis mimarT Tu
ara? garna, Tavada aqvs amgvari mimarTeba raimesadmi an vincobaa
erTzec da meorezecaa damokidebuli? Semdgom amisa SevamowmoT,
yvelafers Seexeba TavSekavebuloba da TavSeukavebloba? visac
`TavSeukaveblad~ miiCneven [da ara `raimeSi TavSeukaveblad~]
TavdauWereli yovelTvis da yvelaferSi rodia, garna maSin da
iq, sadac Tavgasulic; miuxedavad amisa, arc am mizeziT ar aris
is TavSeukavebeli, rom ubralod masTanvea dakavSirebuli (sx-
vafriv TavdauWerloba Tavgasulobis Sesatyvisi iqneboda), mainc
imisda mixedviT, igi masTan rogoradacaa SekavSirebuli: erTi
gaazrebulad iqceva ase, Tvlis rom yovelTvis sasiamovnosken
unda iltvodes, meore ki ase ar fiqrobs, - ubralod iswrafvis1.
V
rac Seexeba arguments, TiTqos TavSeukavebels aqvs mxolod
marTali azri da ara codna, Cveni msjelobisaTvis es didad
mniSvnelovani ar aris, vinaTgan zog - zogebi, romelTac mx-
olod azri abadiaT, masSi sulac ar eparebaT eWvi da miiCneven,
esden yvelaferi zustad ician. amisTvis mosazrebas, TiTqos
[keTildReobaze] Tvisiv azris sisustis gamo TavSeukavebeli
Tavisi warmodgenis sapirispirod moqmedebs, Cven vpasuxobT:
am SemTxvevaSi azrsa da codnas Soris sxvaoba araa. marTlac,
1. anonimi 2: `TavSeunaxavma icis ra, rom samarcxvino survilebi boroteulni

arian, miuxedavad amisa nebdeba maT, xolo, Tavgasulma ar icis, arian Tu ara
samarcxvino mosurvebebi mankierni, garna, hgonia rom isini sasikeToni gaxla-
van. xedav, rogor gansxvavdebian Tavgasuli da TavdauWereli erTmaneTisagan
TavianTi qcevis mixedviT? erTis, TavSeukaveblis goneba naTelia, meorisa,
aulagmavis goni ki bnelia~ (417,5 - 9).
wigni meeqvse 171

vieTni TavianT bWobis sisworeSi darwmunebulebi gaxlavan ara

nakleb, vidre isini, romlebmac namdvilad ician, - ase gviCvenebs
heraklites magaliTi1. mainc, radgan ìcode~ orgvaria (icis
imanac vinc mcnobelia, dia sibrZnes ar iyenebs da mavanmac, aki
moixmars Tavis codnas), im dros maT Soris sxvaoba iqneba, vinc
[cudad] iqceva, sacnaurobis mflobelia Tumca ar mihyveba mas2
da aris, romelsac Tavi ase uWiravs, TumcaRa, iqve mcodnea imisa,
rom amgvari moqmedeba araa mizanSewonili. radganac amrigad
warmogvidgeba, SemaZrwunebeli es boloa, gana is, agremc vinmem
icoda da bolos man Tavis codnas3 ar misdia.
kvlav, rameTu danaskvTa gzavnilebi ori saxisaa, xels
araferi gviSlis Cveni sacnaurobis sawinaaRmdegod moviqceT,
gamoviyenebT ra saerTo gzavnilTa codnas da ar movimarjvebT
cnobas kerZo gzavnilisa, - aki qceva calkeulidan momdinareobs.
saerTo terminebic gansxvavdebian: erTi, sazogado termini
subieqtisaTvis Semasmenelad gvevlineba, meore ki obieqtisaTvis.
magaliTad, uklebliv yvelasTvis sasargebloa simSrale4, me -
1. Sdr. m. m. 1201b4 - 8: Tuki azri Zlieria, mtkicea da Seuryevelia, da rode-

sac adamianebi mas eWidebian, darwmunebulebi - yvelaferi isea rogorc Cven
gvgoniao, maSin azri codnisgan arafriT gansxvavebuli ar iqneba. magaliTad,
heraklites efeselis damokidebuleba im rameebisadmi, romelTa Sesaxebac mas
Tavisi azri hqonda~ (t. a. mileris Targmani).
Sdr. agreTve anonimi 2: zemoT man Tqva rom TavSeukavebeli flobs ara
codnas, aramed mosazrebas, radgan, codnis mqonebeli rom yofiliyo, gzas ar
ascdeboda – codna xom Seuryevelia. raki, vinac survilebs nebdeba, gza ereva,
unda vivaraudoT rom mas azri gaaCnda. (417,16 - 39).
2. `TumcaRa ar mihyveba mas~ (μὴ θεορουῦντα) - anu `Tvisi codnis Sesabamisad is
ar moqmedebs~ (anonimi 2, 418,3 - 4).
3. anonimi 2: `TavSeukavebelma icis rom siZva zadia, magram Tvisi codnis
Tanaxmad ar iqceva, Tavs misgan (codnisgan) Sors Tavad iWers, - amitom, raki
mas aqvs codna, magram sakuTar codnas arad agdebs, maSin araferi ucnauri ar
aris imaSi, rom survils SeuZlia igi gzas aacdinos~ (418,18 - 21).
4. `simSrale yoveli adamianisaTvis sasargebloa~ - originalSi mravlobiTi
172 wigni meeqvse

kaci var, an ai aseTi dausvelebeli gaxlavar. xolo, aris

Tu ara aseTi ai es man an sulac ar icis anda ar sargeblobs
am codniT. sxvaoba cnobaTa am ileTebs Sua Seudarebelia:
araferi gasaocari imaSi ar aris, raJams [TavSeukavebelze]
amboben [saerTod] ìciso~, mainc, gasakviri iqneboda sxvagvarad
ìcodes~ [gasaqmiseba Tavisi codnisa]o.
amis miuxedavad, zemoT motanilTan SedarebiT, xalxs Seu-
Zlia sxva saSualebiTac ìyos cnobieri~, vinaidan gansxvaveba
imaSicaa, ukeTu rogoradac viciT (TumcaRa - ki ar movixmardeT
mas): xdeba xolme, kacxorcielma icis da arc uwyis, igi ragvar
mZinare, ugono an mTvralia. vnebebisadmi midrekilnic aki am vi-
TarebaSi imyofebian: anCxloba, grZnobieri survilebi da msgavsni
maTni TviT sxeulsac SesamCnevad cvlian, zogierT SemTxvevaSi
ki SeSlilobamdec mivyavarT. amad savsebiT naTelia, TavSeu-
kavebelni zustad am mdgomareobaSi imyofebian. oRond is, rom
gamonaTqvamni maTTvis raime codnas gascemen - amas mniSvneloba
ara aqvs, JiniT Sepyrobilebsac gana ar ZaluZT [maTematikuri]
mtkicebulebani aagon anda empedokles deklamirebdnen1; iginic,
vinac ager axla daiwyes swavla, Tumc enis wauborZikeblad
pasuxoben, maT jer kidev ar uwyian - raki gevaleba [codna]
Seisisxlxorco, amisaTvis ki droa saWiro. amisdamixedviT,
TavdauWerelis metyveleba msaxiobis laparakad unda aRviqvaT.
SeiZleba TavSeukavebelis qcevis mizezi uaRresad dawvrile-
biTac ganvixiloT. praqtikul silogiozmSi didi wanamZRvari
- es erTnairad saerTo azria, mxolodRa naklebi kerZo garemoe-
formaa. Sdr. τα ξηρα Cven gTavazobT interpretacias τὰ ξηρὰ κρέα `mSrali

xorci~. aristoteles e. e. Si V (=E.N. VI) vxvdebiT `msubuq~ xorcs TiTqos
`mSralis~ sinonims (hipokrates termini), msgavsi ixileT e. e. – s mexuTe
wignis 26 SeniSvnaSi.
1. empedokle akraganteli (492 – 432) – cnobili berZeni filosofosi, swav-
luli da poeti, hegzametrulad dawerili Txzulebis `bunebis Sesaxeb~ avtori.
wigni meeqvse 173

baTagan gamomdinareobs, romelTaTvisac mniSvnelovani grZno-

bieri aRqmaa. magram, odes am winamZRvarebidan erTiani daskvna
keTdeba, imJamad mecnierul silogizmisTvis is sulSi raRac -
ganmtkicebas, garna praqtikulisTvis - dauyovnebliv moqmedebas
niSnavs. magaliTisTvis, Tuki miucilebelia, `yvelaferi raic
tkbilia, saWiroa gavsinjoT~, da (sxva mravalTa Soris erTi
konkretuli) ài es - mtkbaria~, ueWvelia, yovels, visac Za-
luZs da xels araferi uSlis, hmarTebs saswrafod Sesabamisad
imoqmedos. ase, yovelTvis, rawamsac erTi, saerTo wanapirobis
Tanaxmad daWaSnikeba ar aris aucilebeli, dia meore, mcire gza-
vnilis mixedviT ragindara tkbili siamovnebas gvaniWebs, ai es
ki - badagia, moqmedeba (marTlac am [mcire wanamZRvars] mosdevs)
da vincobaa uecrad sulSi Zlieri survili daibadeba, sazogado
gzavnilis mixedviT xams uari vTqvaT mis gemebaze. dabolos,
amisken wadili gviTrevs (mas diaRac aqvs unari Cveni sxeulis
nebismieri nawili aamoqmedos). raRacdagvarad TviT gansjis da
gulis sityvis wyalobiT TavSeukaveblad viqceviT, dasasrul
[ara ubralod TavisTavad] gulis sityvisa, xolo imgvaris, ro-
melic anazdad marTebul azrovnebasTan TanamTxvevia (vinaidan
gonebis msjelobis sapirispiro marTlac ndomaa da ara azri)1.
amrigad, am mizeziTac cxovelebs ar SeuZliaT `TavSeukavebelni~
iyvnen, maT kidevac saerTos aRqmis Sno ara aqvT, oRond calke
kerZo STabeWdileba da mexsiereba gaaCniaT.
magram, TavSeukavebeli rarig aRwevs Tavs Tvisiv ucodinrobas
da kvlav mcodned ragvarad gvevlineba? - zedmiwevniT ise, rogorc
[fxizldeba] mTvrali da [iRviZebs] mZinari; aq Jinadqceuli
TavSeukavebloba raime gansakuTrebulobiT gamorCeuli rodia.
1. anonimi 2: TavisTavad calke azri (δόξα), gveubneba, `rom ai es – mtkbaria~

saerTo viTarebis sapirispiro ar gaxlavT (λόγος) romelic acxadebs, rom
aucilebeli ar aris yoveli tkbili gavsinjoTo~ (421,30 - 32).
174 wigni meeqvse

Tumca amis Sesaxeb ajobebs fizikosebs movusminoT1.

raki bolo [mcire] gzavnili gaCenil grZnobaze azrs ganapiro-
bebs da igi qcevisTvis metad mniSvnelovania, maSin JiniT Sepyrobil
Tavaulagmavs is an ara aqvs, an flobs ise, agremc igi TviT codnas
ver iyenebdes, TiTqos damTvrala da mxolod - empedokles leqsebs
imeorebdes. raxan es mcire winamZRvari sayovelTao ar gaxlavs da
samecniero sibrZnes ar Seicavs, aramed mxolod saerTos mgvania, im
dros rogorc Cans, gamodis is, rasac sokrate amtkicebs. [TavSeu-
kavebloba viT] gataceba masSi ar warmoiSveba, visac sacnauroba
abadia am sityvis mkacri mniSvnelobiT. aseT cnobas vneba ver Zlevs,
dasaSvebia Zleul iqnes mxolod grZnobieri codna2.
mencaris da umecaris Sesaxeb da maszed Tu rogor SeiZleba
mcodne TavSeukaveblad moiqces, sakmarisad vilaparakeT.
1. anonimi 2: `fizikosma zustad icis, sulis romeli nawili da romeli Zalaa

gangmiruli. ai magaliTad, viRac mcodnea, magram roca igi daiTvreba, mas
orTqli gadauvlis, goneba ebindeba da vidre simTvralis burusiTaa moculi,
igi ver imoqmedebs rogorc mcodnes Sehferis, xolo, rodesac burusi gaifan-
teba, imJams is moqmedebas SesZlebs, - zustad asevea TavSeukavebelic: man Tum-
caRa icis, rom mruSoba ugvani saqmea, magram misi goneba JiniTaa daTrgunuli,
da emSvidobeba Tavis codnas manam, vidre gulisTqmiTaa moculi; xolo amis
Semdgomad, rodesac Jini gaivlis, masTan erTad mas umecrebac datovebs da
kvlav ubrundeba naTeli codna, romelic mas siZvis Sesaxeb hqonda, rom es –
siZva (μοιχεύειν) ugvania~ (422,13 - 24).
2. anonimi 2: `radgan sokrate ambobda, rom SeuZlebelia vinme, mqonebeli cod-
nisa, Tavis sakuTar codnaSi motyuebuli darCes, romelic mas aqvs. aqac igive
gamodis. TavSeunaxavi sazogadoSi rodi cdeba, rasac realurad cnobadoba
ganekuTvneba, aramed kerZosTan mimarTebaSi, romlisTvisac ar aris codna.
faqtobrivad vneba cnobis TandaswrebiT ar warmoiSveba, rac yvelaze Zlieria
da yvelafers aRemateba, (anu TavSeukavebeli vnebas emorCileba) da gulisTqmac
awvalebs da daaTrevs ara TviT codnas, aramed grZnobier codnas. (anu kerZo
azri vnebas nebdeba). ai sad cdeba TavSeukavebeli da ai ratomaa, calkeuli
azris arsebobisas vnebis zemoqmedebis Sedegad ukan ixevs, xom sityva mxolod
zogadze metyvelebs da haerSi orTqldeba, xolo, moqmedeba kerZos mizeziT
xdeba.~ (423.3 - 13).
wigni meeqvse 175

VI
Semdeg, ganvixiloT arseboben Tu ara ubralod, yvelasagan
damoukideblad TavSeukavebelni an iqneb didian - patarianad Tav-
Seukavebelia, garna, Tu gaxlavan, ris mimarT brZandebian aseTni?
TavSekavebulni da TavdaWerilni, agreTve TavSeukavebelni
da susti xasiaTisani sasiamovnosa da usiamovnosadmi maTi
damokidebulebiT ganirCevian. imaTgan, rac mogvwons da gvsia-
movnebs, erTi aucilebelia, meore ki TavisTavad mimzidvelia,
amis Sedegad Cven SegviZlia gavazviadoT. usaTuoa gvamismieri
siamovnebani, mxedvelobaSi maqvs kveba da sxeulebrivi siaxlo-
veni da msgavsni maTni, rasTan dakavSirebiTac TavSeukavebloba
da umwikvloeba ganvsazRvreT. sxvani ki aucilebelni ar arian,
mainc, igini imitom airCevian, rom marTlac iseTni gaxlavan,
- vigulisxme gamarjveba, saxelmoxveWiloba, simdidre da da-
narCeni sikeTeni romelnic gvsiamovnebs. amrigad, Tu vinme am
CamoTvlil keTildReobebs gadaametebs, imxanad Cven amgvarebs
Cveulebriv `TavSeukaveblebs~ ar vuwodebT, ki, davurTavT -
`fulisTvis~, `gamorCenisTvis~, `saxelisTvis~ an `mrisxanebi-
sas~ - da ar vambobT esden isini ubralod `TavdauWerelni~
brZandebian, Tund ukanasknelTagan gansxvavdebian mainc xom
emsgavsebian. (asea olimpiur TamaSebSi warmatebuli adamiani1,
rogorc calke kaci, sul cotaTi [saxeliT] gamoirCeva saerTo
gansazRvrebis `Zexorcielisagan~, miuxedavad amisa aqac maT
Soris didi sxvaobaa.) es imiT mtkicdeba, TavSeukavebloba ise
ar ikicxeba ranairadac Secdena, msgavsad sruli an nawilobriv
biwierebisa, dabolos aravis [maT Soris imaT, vinac raimeSi
TavSeukavebelia] uzneobisaTvis ar Zraxaven.
1. òlimpiur TamaSebSi warmatebuli adamiani~ - saxelad adamiani (¨Ανθρωπος)

moxseniebulia olimpiadaSi gamarjvebulTa Soris 456 w (XIX saukuneSi aR-
moCenili papirusis Tanaxmad) cnobilia rom aristoteles TxzulebaTa Soris
iyo òlimpielebis~ egzempliaric, olimpiel Cempionebis sia (D.L. V, 26, 19).
176 wigni meeqvse

xolo, vincobaa vinme xorciel amebas eZebs, ris mizeziTac

Cven mokvdavs ubiwos an aRviraxsnils veZaxiT, visac zomaze meti
siamovneba mosvenebas ukargavs, cdilobs yvelafer usiamovnos
gaeqces (SimSils, wyurvils, sicxes, sicives da yovelives rac
SexebiT da gemoTi igrZnoba) ara vinmeze an rameze gadawyvetilebis
Segnebuli SeCerebis mixedviT, dia Tavisi arCevanis da gonebis
sapirispirod, - igi TavSeukaveblad miiCneva yovelgvari danama-
tis gareSe. kerZod raSi? - (magaliTad `mrisxanebaSi~), mxolod,
martivad TavSeukaveblad da ai dadasturebac: avxorcobac umet-
naklebod am [xorciel] siamovnebebTan moiazreba, oRond imaTTan
rodi1. amitomac Cveulebriv TavSeukaveblebs TavaSvebulebad
vTvliT, mxolodRa TavSekavebulebs - umwikvloebad, (magram -
imaT sulac ara, [vinac raimeSia Tavdauzogavi]2) viTarmed isini
erTi da imav sasiamovnosa da usiamovnosTan3 dakavSirebulan.
TumcaRa erTsa da imavesTan SeZerwilan, garna sxvadasxvagvarad:
erTi [TavSeukavebeli] gaazrebulad irCevs, TumcaRa - ki, meore
[Tavgasuli] ar irCevs. swored amis gamo vuwodebT uwinares aR-
viraxsnils imas, vinac survilis gareSe, mZafri Tnevebisaken ai
erTob uxalisod iswrafvis da usiamovnebebs SeZlebisdagvarad
gaurbis, vidre igi, visac Zalian swadia. radgan, iman ra unda
daaSavos, visSic axalgazrduli buqi da saSineli martvilobani
gaiRviZebs àucilebeli~4 [siamovnebis] moTxovnilebis mizeziT?
survilTa da siamovnebaTa erTi nawili mSvenieri da saTnoa
1. `magram imaTTan rodi~ - anu keTildReobebTano, romelnic sasiamovnoni

ariano (fuli, pativi da a.S).
2. ἀλλ’ οὺκ ὲκείνων οὐδένα sityvasityviT. `magram imaT Soris aravin~. anonimi 2
ganmartavs: `maT Soris aravin anu dazustebiT TavSeukavebelTa Soris, rasTanas
kerZod Tavgasuli ar igivdeba~ (425,6).
3. èrTi da imav sasiamovnosa da usiamovnosTan~ - anu fizikur siaxlovesTan
dakavSirebul amebasTan (τὰ ὰφροδίσια).
4. Sdr. maRla 1147b25 - 27 aucilebelia fizikuri amebani, - mxedvelobaSi
maqvs kvebasTan da fizikur siaxlovesTan dakavSirebulni da maTi msgavsni~.
wigni meeqvse 177

(rakiRa zogierTi molxena bunebrivad umjobesia), sxvani ki

maTi sapirispironia, mesameni viT zemoT aRvniSneT1 rogorRac
SuaSi imyofebian, rogoradac fuli da gamorCena, gamarjveba
da pativi. msgavs rameebs da agreTve imaTac, SuaTanani rom
brZandebian, TiTqos wesi kicxaven ara im mizeziT, agremc maT
gamo itanjebian, survoben da uyvarT, aramed imisaTvis, Tu vi-
Tar keTdeba es, anu zomagadasulobis sababiT. amisTvis isini,
romelnic gonebis miuxedavad an Tavs ikaveben anda bunebiT mSve-
nierisa da kargisken iswrafvian, - ragvar, sityvaze igini, vidre
saWiroa imaze metad rom eWvianoben Tvisiv saxelmoxveWilobis,
Svilebis an mSoblebis mizeziT (es yovelive xom keTildReo-
bas ganekuTvneba) da vinc gulmodginebas iCens am TiToeulis
mimarT, - qebas imsaxurebs, Tumc gadameteba aqacaa SesaZlebeli:
vinZlo, magaliTad niobis darad [SvilebisaTvis] TviT RmerTebs
waveCxubebiT an mamas (`mamis moyvarul~) satir filopatoris
msgavsad movekidebiT, rameTu miiCnevdnen is erTob briyvulad
iqceoda2. esden, am yvelaferSi jer kidev ar aris uzneuroba
1. `viT zemoT aRvniSneT~ - Sdr. 1147b23 - 25, sadac aristotele sasiamovnos

saWirod da TavisTavad mimzidvelad yofs, magram, arafers ambobs imaze, `Tu
SuaSi ra imyofeba~. anonimi 2 ganmartavs (425,30 - 37): sasiamovnoTagan erTni
bunebrivad mimzidvelni arian, anu keTildReobani: gamarjveba, simdidre, fuli,
sargebeli: sxvani amis sapirispironi gaxlavan, anu bunebiT amazrzenni (xom,
umi xorcis Wama zog – zogebisTvis sasiamovnoa, Tumca es gulmiusavalia),
mesame imas da imas Sorisaa, anu vWamoT Tu CavicvaT. sasiamovno isaa, rac Tavis
bunebiT arc mimzidvelia da arca undomelia, magram CvenTvis aucilebelia
moTxovnilebis ZaliT, radgan Tuki saWmels movinelebT, sakvebi isev gvindeba
raTa kuWi amovavsoT. yvela msgavsi zustad asevea, ese igi bunebiT mimzidveli
da is rac Suanaa, romelic bunebiT arc aucilebelia da arca mqisea.~
2. komentatorebi satirTan dakavSirebul istorias sxvadasxvagvarad gvixsnian.
aspasia 158,16 - 18 gvauwyebs, rom, roca satirs mama moukvda, mas sicocxle moZulda,
yvelafrisadmi gulgrili gaxda, aRarc siyvaruli SeeZlo da aRarc araferi
surda. anonimi, 426, 23 - 29 Semdeg detalebs gvauwyebs. rodesac am satirs gogona
ugonod Seuyvarda, man Tavis mamas sostratesac misca ufleba gogosTan Rame
gaetarebina. ise uyvarda mamamisi, xolo rodesac umamod darCa, Tavadac bawarze
Camoekida. heliodores 144, 3, Tanaxmad, `satirma mama rogorc RmerTi ise daitira.~
178 wigni meeqvse

im mizeziT, romelis Sesaxebac iTqva da saxeldobr is, rom es

yvelaferi bunebiT samjobinaria, xolo arasakeTilo da saZageli
ukiduresobania. swored amnairad, TavSeukavebloba es ver iqneba,
viTarmed TavaSvebuloba imas ganekuTvneba, rasac Segvferis ara
mxolod gavurbodeT, kidevac unda vkicxavdeT. mainc, gancdil
vnebaTa mgvanobis sababiT yovel moxsenebuls erTi saxeliT
`TavSeukaveblobiT~ naTlaven, oRond iqve azusteben Tu raSi
mdgomareobs igi, - namdvilad imgvarad, roca eqims an msaxiobs
`cuds~ uwodeben da ki ar gulisxmoben, isini savsebiT biwierni
gaxlavano. rogorc am SemTxvevaSi, rodesac orives ara manki-
ereba, garna raRac misi msgavsi da analogiuri aqvT, aseve Cven
ambavSi saWiroa gvesmodes, TavSekaveba da TavSeukavebloba (am
sityvaTa wundaudebeli mniSvnelobiT) imav mizeziT arian, ra
sababiTac umankoeba da aRviraxsniloba, aki guliswyromis Seu-
kaveblobis gamoisobiT ityvian msgavsiao, xolo Cven vumatebT:
`TavSeukavebeli mrisxanebaSi~, `pativSi~, `gamorCenaSi~.
vinaTgan bunebrivad saamo rameebi arseboben, (igini ubralod
sasiamovnoebad da saamurebad iyofian maTze adamianebis da
cxovelebis damokidebulebis da mixedviT), oRond maT sapirispirod
sxvebic moiZevebian, romelnic amoni avadmyofobis, miCvevis, an
bunebisagan garyvnilebis Sedegad arian, - amadac SesaZlebelia
ganvixiloT Tu romel sulier Tvisebebs uaxlovdebian isini.
mxecurobas me imgvar mdgomareobas vuwodeb, ragvaradac vTqvaT
diacis Sesaxedaobis im arsebas hqonda, vizec ambobdnen, TiTqos
orsul qalebs muclebs ufatravda da Cvilebs sanslavdao;
an pontos kunZulidan im velurebs, erTni umi xorcis Wamas
rom aRmerTebdnen, meoreni – kacis Svilis xorcisas, mesameni
ki erTmaneTis Svilebs Seeqcevodnen, rarig gansakuTrebul
sasusnavs; an viT falaridTanaa, ranairadac masze mogviTxroben1.
1. rogorc gadmogvcemen falaridi Tavis mtrebs spilenZis xaris RruSi wvavda.

ZiriTadi wyaro polibiusis istoria XII wigni Tavi 25.
wigni meeqvse 179

aseTia nadiriseburi mdgomareobani, sxvani daavadebis Sedegad

warmoiSvebian, (zogierTebs ki SeSlilobis wyalobiT mosdiT,
viTar imas daemarTa, sakuTari deda msxverplad rom Seswira da
SeWama, an im monas, Tanaamxanagis RviZli rom miirTva), avadobis
magvari sxva gadaxrani cudi gamocdilebis sababiT warmoiSvebian,
ranairadac saxeldobr, Cveva Tmebis glejis, frCxilebis kvnetis,
nacaris an miwis Wamisa, amaT ganekuTvneba mamaTmavloba (Tuki
erTni aseTni daibadnen, meoreni SeeCvivnen, magaliTad igini, vinac
bavSvobidan Zaladoba gamoscada).
bunebrivi mizeziT uzneos TavSeukavebeli ar SeiZleba
vuwodoT, viTarmed qalebs ar kicxaven imisTvis, raki seqsis
dros maTi roli pasiuria. igiv iTqmis maTzec, visi gamrude-
banic Cveulebis Sedegad Camoyalibda. amitom TiToeuli ama
da am mdgomareobaTagani, ragvar mxecobac - borotebis saz-
Rvrebs miRmaa. mocemul SemTxvevaSi am Rirsebebis floba an
maT gavlenebs damorCileba TavSeukaveblobas ar niSnavs, mainc
xom TavdaWeriloba imasaa mimsgavsebuli, TiTqos adamisSvili,
romelsac risxvis Sekaveba ar SeuZlia, TavSeunaxavad zustad
am Jinis dros unda iwodos da ara ubralod `TavSeukaveblad~.
yovelgvari metismeti ugonoba, mxdaloba, aRviraxsniloba
an uxeSoba TavisTavad an mxecismsgavsobaa anda senia. gaxlavan
bunebiT iseTnic, yvelafris rom eSiniaT, Tagvis wruwunisac ki,
maT swored cxovelis SiSi aqvT; sxvafriv SeiZleba dedofalac
gvafrTxobdes avadmyofobis gamo1. erTni ugononi iqnebian, maT
dabadebidan ara aqvT gonivruloba, cxovelebiviT mxolod
SegrZnebebiT cxovroben (nimuSad, aseTni gaxlavan barbarosebis
1. `SeiZleba dedofalac gvafrTxobdes avadmyofobis gamo~ - ή γαλῆ patara

cxoveli, kvernis odena, `daavadebis~ mizeziT (διὰ νόσον) eSiniaT am mxecisao.
albaT SesaZloa, romeliRac individualuri niSniT, - Sdr. qeroniel mestrius
plutarqes SeniSvna: `zogierT mamac da gambedav adamians iqneba wvrilmanebisac
ki eSinodes, magaliTad, dedofalasi an mamalisa gaurkveveli mizeziT~ Fragm.
217g14 (ed. F.H. Sandbach, - Plutarchi moralia, vol. 7. Leipzig, 1967).
180 wigni meeqvse

zogierTi moSorebuli tomebi), mxolodRa sxvani ugunurni

sneulebis mizeziT brZandebian, sityvaze epilefsiiT daavadebulni
an Wkuaze Semcdarni. dro da dro SesaZlebelia es mdgomareobani
ganvicadoT da maTgan sruliad dabeCavebulni ar viyoT. vTqvaT,
ukeTu falaridi bavSvebis Sesansvlis an uazro seqsualur survils
moTokavs. magram dasaSvebia amiT sruliad daTrgunuli iyo da ara
mxolod ganwyobili. Semdgom, imis msgavsad, rogorc erT miwis
Svilur wamxdarobis Sesaxeb ubralod ùzneoba~ uTqvamT, garna,
meore gaxrwnilobis Taobaze Cveulebriv naZraxobas ki ar ityvian,
mainc daamateben _ `mxecuri~ an àvadmyofuri~o, namdvilad ase
amboben TavSeukaveblobaze _ `mxecuri~ da àvadmyofurio~ da
bolos yoveldRiuri `Tavdauokebloba~ martoden kacxorcielur
Tavawyvetilobas gulisxmobs.
VII
maS ase, cxadi unda iyos, TavSekaveba da TavSeukavebloba
kerZod imasTan arian dakavSirebulni, risganac aRviraxsniloba
da umankoeba gamowveulan da agreTve, Tu isini raime sxvazec
mimarTulan, mas Semdeg es sulwasulobis ucxo saxeoba iqneba,
romelsac, ranairadac TavSeukaveblobas metaforulad moixse-
nieben da ara pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT.
axla ganvixiloT momdevno sakiTxi _ TavSeukavebloba mrisx-
anebis dros nakleb saTakiloa vidre gulisTqmis mizeziT warmoSobili
aulagmavoba. ragvar warmogvidgenia, Tumca wyroma gonebas ayuradebs,
aki misi cudad eyureba, darad sulwasul msaxurebisa, romelnic gareT
gamorbian, bolomde ar moismines da brZanebas arasworad asruleben,
an [karebTan] dadarajebul ZaRlebis msgavsad, romelTa yursac bgera
miswvdeba ra, imav wams yefas iwyeben, ar daunaxavT Sinauria Tu [ga-
reulia]. asevea boboqrobac Tavisi ficxi an Cqari bunebis mizeziT.
moismina, mainc gankarguleba ver gaigona, iswrafvis Suri iZios:
daskvna an STabeWdileba aSkarad uCvenebs mas, saxeze Tavxedoba an
damcirebaa da is rogorRac Tavad askvnis, sakadrisi pasuxi gasces,
wigni meeqvse 181

iqve guli mosdis. xolo survili maSinve ekveTeba, magaliTisTvis

agemos, mas mxolod < Wkua an > grZnoba auwyebs, ai es tkbiliao. am-
rigad mrisxaneba erTgvarad gonebas mihyveba, oRond surva - aranairad.
Sesabamisad [grZnobisTvis] daTmoba - saTakiloa, raxan mrisxanebis
dros TavSeukavebeli jer kidev Wkuas ujerebs, magram ubralod
TavdauWereli grZnobas umetesad emorCileba vidre gonebas.
garda amisa, bunebriv aRtkinebebs ayola uaRresad misatevebe-
lia, survilebis SemTxvevaSic gvepatieba mivyveT imaT, romelnic
yvelasTvis saerToa da kerZoT im doziT, romelic sayovelTaoa.
mxolodRa mrisxaneba da uxeSoba gacilebiT bunebrivia, vidre
midrekileba gadametebebis da imis mimarT, raic aucilebels ar
miekuTvneba. moxda ase: mamis gamlaxveli Tavs imarTlebda: ìsic
Tavis mamas cemdao da babua kidev - Tavis mamaso~. Svilze miuTiTa
da daamata: `gaizrdeba da me gamlaxavs, es Cven genSi gvaqvso~. an
sxva SemTxveva, roca mamam ubrZana Svils karebamde `mieyvana igi~
radgan yofila, mamas WiSkramde TviTonac atarebda.
da kidev: rac metad veragulia ZexorcielTa ganzraxvani,
miT uaRresad usamarTloni arian isini. feTqebadi kaci muxTali
ar aris, arc risxvaa cbieri - igi mTlianad saxezea. samagierod
survilia mzakvruli viT afrodite, romelzec Tqmula:
mzakvarmoqmedi kiproszea dabadebuli! o1
da mis `saxeebian sartyelze~ homerosi ambobs, [rom masSi]:
farisevluri baasi gvesmis, WkvianT gonTa araerTgzis

momxelTebelio. 2
1. Fr. adesp. 129 (Bergk).

2. iliada XIV, 217; `farisevluri metyveleba~ - originalSi πάρφασις pirferoba,
romlis miRmac rekhemis SeniSvnis Tanaxmad àfrodites qamarze amoqarguli
erTi simboluri gamosaxuleba~ unda davinaxoT (р. 408).
182 wigni meeqvse

ase rom, Tu am survilTadmi TavdauWerloba ufro namusSi

Camgdebi da usamarTloa, vidremdis mrisxanebis dros uzomo-
baa, imxanad TavSeunaxavoba zustad es aris da kidevac saerTod
biwierebaa.
Semdgom, aravin ar Tavxedobs ukeTu mas es ar siamovnebs,
xom, mrisxanebiT arcerTi gamZvinvarebuli ar tkbeba, kadnieri
ki sixaruliT moqmedebs da vincobaa raimes gamo ganrisxeba uaR-
resad sworia, imJamad Tavxedi nakleb samarTliani iqneba [vinem
mrisxane], TavSeukavebloba survilebis dros aseTia. radganac
mZvinvarebaSi Tavgasuloba ar aris.
maS ase, aSkaraa, survilebis dros TavSeukavebloba uki-
duresad sasircxviloa vire TavSeunaxavoba mZvinvarebisas da
agreTve, arsebobs TavSekaveba da TavSeukavebloba viT mosurve-
bebTan, agreTve grZnobaTa dakmayofilebasTan dakavSirebulni.
axla gavarkvioT Tu ra sxvaobaa maT Soris. viTarmed dasawyisSi
vTqviT, ndomaTa erTi nawili rarigadac gvariT aseve xarisxiT
kacisTvis bunebrivia, meoreni - mxecurni gaxlavan, mesameni -
avadmyofobad da sigonjed iwodebian. amaTgan ubiwoeba da aRvi-
raxsniloba martoden pirvelebTan Serwymulan. (amis Sedegad ar
veZaxiT mxecebs arc ùbiwoT~ da arcaRa àRviraxsnilT~, aramed
mxolod metaforulad da mxolodRa im SemTxvevaSi, vinZlo
romelime jiSi meores TavxedobiT, avxorcobiT da Rormucelo-
biT upiratesobs.) [mxecisebrebs] ar gaaCniaT arcara gonivruli
arCevani da aRarc msjelobis unari, - maT bunebrivi gadaxra
aqvT viTar giJebs [janmrTel] kacis SvilTa Soris.
mxecuroba naklebi borotebaa, vidre biwiereba1, TumcaRa
ufrosRa saSiSi, rameTu umjobesi aseT sulSi gaukuRmarTebuli
1. aspasia: mxecuroba garyvnilebas uTmobs miT, rom biwiereba gakicxvas im-

saxurebs. radgan mxecismagvaroba rogorc SeSliloba isea warmodgenili,
amitomac ar ikicxeba, raki igi nebayoflobiTi ar aris, xolo, garyvnilebas
aZageben rogorc nebayoflobiT moqmedebas (129,28 - 30).
wigni meeqvse 183

ar aris, ise ranairadac biwier adamianTan - iq is ubralod ar

arsebobs. es igivea usulo sagani sulier arsebas gauTanabro, vin
uaresia - xom mankiereba imisa, visac ara aqvs Sinagani mmarTveli
sawyisi, yovelTvis nakleb saSiSia. aseTi Tavdapirveli - tvinia.
(erTmaneTTan axlosaa agreTve usamarTlobis cneba da umarTlo
adamis Svili, aki erTic da meorec SeiZleba uaresi gamodges).
biwieri miwis Svili aTasjer met borotebas Caidens vinem mxeci.
VIII
rac Seexeba sasiamovnosa da usiamovnos, aseve SexebasTan
Serwymul da gemoTi SesagrZnob survilebsa da saZaglobebs,
(romlebTan dakavSirebiTac TavaSvebuleba da ubiwoeba ganvixi-
leT), SesaZloa maT mimarT asec ganvewyoT, imasac ki SevelioT,
rasac umravlesoba mSvidobianad Tavs arTmevs, umetesobis
mier daTmobili ki gadavlaxoT, - pirvel SemTxvevaSi, vincobaa
siamovnebebs vgulisxmobT, Cven kacxorciels TavSeukavebels
vuwodebT, garna meore ambavSi - TavSekavebuls, dabolos Tu
romelime tanjvebze gvelaparakebian, im dros pirveli - gasaT-
uTebuli, meore ki - stoikosi iqneba. ZexorcielTa umetesobis
sulieri wyoba amaT Soris arsebulis gankargulebaSia, TumcaRa
- ki umravlesoba mainc ufrore uaresisaken ixreba.
viTarmed siamovnebaTa erTi nawili aucilebelia, sxvani ki
araviTar SemTxvevaSi da mxolod garkveul zRvramde dasaSvebni,
xolo gadameteba da naklovaneba [imaTic da sxvaTac]1 erTob
saWironi gaxlavan, - survilebisa da tanjvebis saqmec zustad
1. anonimi 2: imis gamo, zogoerTi siamovnebani garkveul doziT aucilebelni

arian (kveba da gaZRoma gardauvalia, magram dRe da Rame rom mivirTmevdeT
sulac ar aris uTuo), sxva siamovnebani, rogorc magaliTad, gvixarodes,
gvcemdnen pativs, viyoT mdidrebi, saWiro ar gaxlavs, da aucilebelTa da
aramiucilebelTa Soris gadametebuli amebani usaTuo sulac ar aris, agreTve
naklulovanebanic. Tuki saerTod araferi ar gvixaria es dasaZraxi iqneba.
(435,6 - 11).
184 wigni meeqvse

ase iqneba: miiltvis ra zedmet siamovnebebisken an metismetad

iswrafvis [aucileblebisken], Tanac amas winasarganzraxulad
akeTebs, rom marTlac maTken mieqaneba da ara romelime SemTx-
veviTi garemoebebisaTvis1, - aRviraxsnili amgvaria. aseT mokv-
davs ar SeuZlia Cadenili moinanios, amitomac gamousworebelia2,
vinaidan verSemnanebeli dauyoliebelia. misi sapirispiro isaa,
vis cxovrebaSic siamovneba3 Zalze cotaa, oRond [or ukidureso-
bis Sua] nawilSi - umwikvlo imyofeba. msgavsad aRviraxsnilia
igic, vinac sxeulebriv tanjvebs imisTvis ki ar gaurbis esden
[siamovnebebs] nebdeba, aramed ganzrax.
isini ki, romelnic winaswarganzraxulad4 ar moqmedeben,
erTni siamovnebebisaken miiswarafvian, meoreni - survilebis [da-
kmayofilebas] mimyoli tanjvebs gaurbian, amnairad, erTmaneTisa-
gan gansxvavdebian: albaT yoveli ityvis, samarcxvino saqcielis
Camdens es ar surda, an ise ar ewada, raic imaze umetesia, vinac
surviliT aalebulia, an ukeTu ibrZvis, magram ar ganrisxebula,
xom gamZvinvarebulze uaresia. ras moimoqmedebda igi vincobaa
mas Jini moicavda? amadac Tavawyvetili TavSeukavebelze uaR-
1. `da ara romelime SemTxveviTi garemoebebisaTvis~ - magaliTad, fulisT-

vis, Sdr. e. e. IV, 130а24. miiCneva rom teqsti dazianebulia, ra mizeziTac
sxvadasxvagvarad ganixilaven. TaTbiris mniSvneloba: gaxrwnili igia, vinac
gadametebul siamovnebebisaken iwevs, amasTan, es amebani SesaZloa rogorc
aucilebelni, aseve araaucilebelnic iyvnen, da SesaZlebelia igi maTken
iltvodes rogorc siamovnebisaTvis, agreTve arCevanis gamoc. dakonkreteba
àrCevanis mizeziTo~ Tavgasulis TavSeukaveblisagan gansxvavebas gviCvenebs,
romelic agreTve igivesken miiwevs, oRond sakuTar TavTan gaZalianebiT.
2. `gamousworebelia~ - sityvasityviT `ganukurnebelia~ (ὰνίατος) politikur
da samkurnalo xelovnebis meTodebi aristotelesTan xSirad urTierTanalo-
giebSi axlovdebian. Sdr. e. e. I, 3, èkuTvniT sasjeli saxelmwifos an eqimis
mxridan~, ganaCeni xom Taviseburi wamalia, xolo wamali erTgvari sasjelia.
3. aspasia SeniSnavs, rom `Tavisi kvlevis dasawyisSi igi mas ùgrZnobels~
(ὰναίσθητος) uwodebda~ 132, 2-3. Sdr. e. n. II, 1107 b 4 - 8.
4. anonimi 2: ànu imaTgani vinc uneblied uTmobs~ (435, 37 - 38).
wigni meeqvse 185

resia. zemoT aRweril sulier TvisebaTa Soris erTi - friad

gasaTuTebulis saxeobaa, meore - gaxrwnilisa1.
TavSekavebuli TavSeukavebelis sapirispiroa, garna
stoikosi - gasaTuTebulisa, raki stoicizmis gamovlena
gaZalianebaa, TavSekavebulobisa ki - upiratesobis mopovebaa.
`winaRvudgeT~ da `vupiratesobdeT~ - sxvadasxva ram aris, ise
rarig àr davuTmoT~ da `gavimarjvoT~. am mizeziT, Tvinieroba
gacilebiT Rirsia arCevisa, vidremdis stoicizmi. vin ixevs
ukan im rameebisagan, romelTa winaSec umetesoba sakuTar TavSi
SesawinaaRmdegebel Zalebs poulobs, - ganazebuli da nebiera,
raxan (ganebivrebuloba - es erTgvari ganazebulobaa). aseTi
kaci samoss miwaze miaTrevs raTa boloebis mozidviT Tavi ar
Seiwuxos, an Tavs uqeifod mogaCvenebs, TiTqos ver amCnevdes Tu
ra ususuri da Sesabralisia.
TavSekavebazec da TavSeukaveblobazec igive SeiZleba iTqvas.
araferi ar aris gasakviri imaSi, ukeTu kacis Svili daucxromel
da metismet zomagadasul siamovnebebs an tanjvebs miecema. mas
es epatieba, vincobaa is Seecada aseT grZnobebs winaRdgomoda,
rogoradac gvelnakbeni filoqtete TeodeqtesTan an viTar
kerkione karkiones àlopeSi~2, an ragvaradac isini, sicilisagan
1. ganazebuloba – mizanmimarTuli arideba yovelgvari satanjvelisa, aRvi-

raxsniloba - ganzraxuli ltolva siamovnebebisaken.
2. Teodeqte – (Cv. w. aR. mde me 4 e saukunis) berZeni ritori da dramaturgi,
karkione (Cv. w. aR – mde me 4 e saukune) – dramaturgi, erT xans dionise II
(umcrosis) sasaxleSi cxovrobda. aristotele orTaves axsenebs `ritorika-
Sic~ da `poetikaSic~.
anonim 2: `Teodoqte tragediebs Txzavda. man ganasaxiera filoqtete xelSi
mgeslavi gveliT; igi jer uZlebda tkivils, bolos ki danebda da qviTiniT
Tqva: `xeli momkveTeT!~o. masze ver ityvi rom azizi iyo. raki ver gauZlo (mar-
Tlac autanel tkivils) [sisuste] epatieba. karkione tragikosi iyo; karkio-
nes qaliSvili alopa hyavda, da roca gaigo rom misi gogo gaaupatiures, man
hkiTxa mas Tu vin Caidina es da Tuki etyoda, arafers dauSavebda, xolo, roca
alopam moZalade dausaxela, karkione ise damwuxrda, cxovreba moZulda da
Tavi moikla. asevea karkiones mier gansaxierebuli kerkione, romelsac azizs
186 wigni meeqvse

Tavs rom ikaveben da uecrad TavSeukavebelad axarxardebian,

rogorc daemarTa qsenofontes1. ara, gasakviria, Tu vinme ver
ewinaaRmdegeba imas, rasac adamianebis umetesoba uZaliandeba,
amasTan, misi uunaroba memkvidreobis an avadmyofobis mizezi ar
aris, - aseTia sityvaze skviT mefeTa2 STamomavlobiTi sinaze, an
sisuste mdedrobiTi sqesisa gansxvavebiT mamrobiTisagan.
ancic aRviraxsnilad CaiTvleba, Tumc sinamdvileSi igi
azizia: TamaSi modunebaa, Tu dasvenebis dros erTobian, celqi
ki imaT ganekuTvneba, vinac yovelive amaSi zomagadasulia.
TavSeukavebloba orsaxovania: erTi mxriT es impulsurobaa,
meorerigad - uZlurebaa. erTni iReben gadawyvetilebas
vnebis gavleniT da ar eWidebian imas, rac gadaWres, sxvani
Jinis zegavleniT moqmedeben, imitom agremc maT aranairi
gadawyvetileba ar miuRiaT. rameTu, zogierTni winaTigrZnoben
(ranairadac isini, romelTac uRitinebdnen da xicinis aRar
eSiniaT) ganWvreten, gaxalisdebian da maTi goneba vnebisagan
ukan ar ixevs, sasiamovno iqneba Tu usiamovno. impulsur
TavSeukaveblobisaken metnaklebad midrekilni gaxlavan
feTqebadi da mgznebareni: pirvelni aCqarebis mizeziT, meoreni
gaSmagebis gamo Wkuis karnaxs ar elodebian, igini TavianTi
warmosaxvis sadaves mihyvebian.
da susts ver daarqmev, Tumca satanjvelisagan ukan daixia.~ (436, 33 - 437, 6).
1. qsenofante – aleqsandre makedonelis karis musikosi (wyaro – seneka.
mrisxanebis Sesaxeb, 2, 2).
2. herodote (ìstoria~ I, 105). gadmogvcems, rom skviTebs, romelTac zeciuri
afrodites da askalones taZrebi gaZarcves, `qaluri daavadeba~ SeeyaraT,
romelic maT memkvidreebsac gadaecemoda. hipokrate Tavis TxzulebebSi `haer-
ebis, wylebis da niadagebis~ Sesaxeb, Tavi 22, aRwers diacur simptomebs, erTob
gavrcelebuli rom iyo mdidar da cnobil skviTTa Soris, mizezad asaxelebs,
rom isini Zalze did dros cxenze amxedrebulebi atarebdneno.
wigni meeqvse 187

IX
ragvar ukve iTqva, aRviraxsnils ara aqvs monaniebis unari
(viTarmed Tavis gulzraxvis erTguli rCeba), Tumca, monanieba
yvela TavSeukavebels SeuZlia. zedmiwevniT amis mizeziT saqmis
viTareba ise ar gaxlavs, rarig es Cven aporiebis CamoTvli-
sas vuCveneT1, mainc piiqiTaa: pirveli ganukurnebelia, meore
SeiZleba ganikurnos. viT vxedavT, uzneuroba avadmyofobaTa
imgvar ricxvs miekuTvneba, rogorc vTqvaT wyalmanki anda Wleqi,
dabolos TavSeukavebloba epileptikur Setevebs hgavs: pirveli
qronikuli mankia, meore - ara. mTlianobaSi TavSeukavebloba sxva
gvars ganekuTvneba, nuTu zadia, viTarmed biwiereba SeumCnevelia,
xolo TavSeukavebloba ver gausaCinovdeba2.
yvelaze TavSeukavebelTagan umjobesi rogorRac `Wkuaze
SeSlilia~3, vidre is, vinac TumcaRa gonieria, uWkuod iqceva, -
im mizeziT esden ukanaskneli sust vnebas nebdeba da pirvelisgan
gansxvavebiT winaswari gadawyvetilebis miuReblad ar moqmedebs.
TavSeukavebeli im adamis Svils emsgavseba, romelsac dasaTro-
bad cota Rvino hyofnis, vire umravlesobis mier Cveulebriv
zomadaa miCneuli.
is, rom TavSeukavebloba mankad ar CaiTvleba, aSkaraa,
1. `rogorc vuCveneT~ - ix. 1146а31 - b2: `vinc darwmunebuli da Segnebulad

siamovnebebisaken iwevs, imaze ukveTesad mogveCveneba, romelic sasiamovno-
saken Seugneblad, TavSeukaveblobis mizeziT iswrafvis, _ aseTs xom iolad
gankurnav, radgan misi gadarwunebaa SesaZlebeli.
2. anonimi 2: `mankiereba anu TavSeukavebloba SeumCnevelia, TavdauWerelma
xom ar icis rom garyvnileba cudia, aramed fiqrobs rom es sasargebloa; Cans
Seukavebeli, anu [TavSeunaxavi] Zalian kargad uwyis rom garyvnileba cudia.~
(438 ,24 - 27).
3. aspasias azriT, aq ὲκστατικοί (aRtkinebuli) προπετεῖς (impulsurebis da
naCqarevebis) sinonimia. Tumca dazustebisaTvis Sdr. VI, 1145bll: ἀκρατὴς καὶ
ὲκστατικὸς τοῦ λογισμοῦ da 1146а18: εὶ πάσὴς δόξης ἀκρα _ σία ἐκστατικόν ... anu aq
ἐκστατικοί _ es Tavis gonivrul azrze uaris mTqmelia.
188 wigni meeqvse

(TumcaRa-ki, raRac doziT _ diaxac 1). marTlac, erTi _

winaswarganzraxuli ar aris, meore _ winaswarganzraxulia.
isini gansxvavebulni arian, Tumc saqmiT erTmaneTs emsgavsebian,
da rogoradac demodikem mileTelebze Tqva:
mileTelebi qveynad briyvni rodi arian,

TumcaRa yvela saqmeSi briyvebs emsgavsebian.2
aseve brZandebian TavSeukavebelnic: igini damnaSaveebi ar

gaxlavan, oRond umarTlod ki iqcevian.
vinaTgan erTi amgvaria, zomagadasul, gonebis sapirispiro
xorciel siameebs ahyolia, darwmunebuli ki ar aris3 (Wkuas
ar usmens, magram meore dajerebulia, radgan is aseTia, amnair
siamovnebebis mZebneli, imJamad pirvels advilad gadaarwmuneb
mxolodRa aRvraxsnils _ vera. raki saTnoeba da biwierebaa,
pirveli [sulis] mmarTveli sawyisis4 _ gadamrCenia, meore ki
_ damRupvelia. garna praqtikul moqmedebebisTvis saTave isaa,
risTvisac isini Caidinebian5, msgavsad imisa, radganac maTemati-
1. aspasia: ìmitom, rom TavSeukavebelis suli bolomde daRupuli rodia,

aramed nawilobriv, radgan igi jer kidev gonieria.~ (136, 6 - 7).
2. demodoke – Cv w. aRricxvamdeli me-6 saukunis lirikosi poeti, cxovrobda miletSi.
3. anonimi 2: ànu, is ar aris darwmunebuli imaSi, rom garyvnileba kargia, da
ver gadauwyvitavs airCios Tu ara igi, xolo uneburad moqmedebs~ (439, 22 - 23).
4. `Rupavs mmarTvel sawyiss~ - Sdr. V, 140 b l5 - 20.
5. aspasia: `praqtikul moqmedebaTa dasawyisi - `maSin, ratom~, an mizani, romlis
mixedviTac im moqmedebis wamowyebas vcdilobT, romelTac Cven masTan mivyavarT,
Tuki Rirseul gezs avirCevT, imJams Cveni qcevanic aucileblad Rirseulni
iqnebian, xolo Tu arasakeTilos – maSin cudi. eTikuri saTnoeba rogorc mizani
imaT bednierebaze fiqrobs, romelnic zneobriobis Tanaxmad mSvenier saqmeebs
sCadian, mankiereba am sawyiss Rupavs da ar iZleva uflebas bednierebad imaTi
saqmeebi ganvixiloT, romelnic moralurad srulyofilni gaxlavan. amitom
ambobs igi biwierebaze – saTavisaTvis damRupveliao~ (136, 16 - 23).
wigni meeqvse 189

kaSi fesvebad hipoTezebi gvevlinebian. rasakvirvelia arc aq da

arc iq msjeloba wyaroebs ar Segvaswavlis, mainc aki saTnoeba
(Tandayolilia igi Tu SeZenili) gvaswavlis Tu Tavwyaros
Sesaxeb azri sworad rogor CamovayaliboT. zustad amis msgavsia
ubiwo da aRviraxsnili misi sapirispiroa.
xdeba asec, miwis Svili Jinis gavleniT gonebas kargavs da TviT
Wkuis sapirispirod moqmedebs, vneba ise Seipyrobs mas, gonivrulad
veRar iqceva, TumcaRa arc ise, TiTqos is mTlad darwmunebuli iyos,
agremc aucilebelia swrafva msgavsi siamovnebebiskeno. aseTi kacx-
orcieli - TavSeukavebelia, da is Tavgasulze ukveTesia: igi savse-
biT gaxrwnili ar gaxlavs, vinaidan masSi jer kidev sagulvebelia
saukveTeso komponenti - dasabami. sxva misi sapirispiroa, is Tavis
azrze rCeba da vnebaTa gavlenis qveS myofi im CarCoebs ar cdeba. am
yovelivedan aSkaraa, erTi mdgomareoba - sakeTiloa, meore - cudia.
X
maS ase, vin aris TavSekavebuli? igi, vinc Tundac raime azrs
da romelic ar unda iyos gadawyvetilebas eWideba, Tu is, xels
urioSo TaTbirs rom avlebs? vinaa TavSeukavebeli, - nuTu igi,
vinc araviTar daskvnas ar ebRauWeba da aranair msjelobas
xels ar avlebs, Tu is, gulis sityvas da sakiTxis sworad
gadaWras rom ar misdia? (es aporiebi adre ukve aRvniSneT1.)
iqneb iq Zevs pasuxi, raTa laparaki SesaZlebelia romelzec
gnebavT imgvar TaTbirsa da ganCinebaze, magram meorexarisxonvad,
WeSmarit gansjasa da uzado arCevanze ki - viTar TavisTavadze,
romelTac erTi eWideba da sxva - ara. xolo, radResac vinme
irCevs da iswrafvis ai am [A] sken ai am [B] s meSveobiT, maSin
A-s igi rasakvirvelia aupiratesebs da misken iltvis, im dros
rodesac B - s meorexarisxovnad miiCnevs. ra drosac vambobT
1. àdre ukve aRvniSneT~ - ix. V, 146аI6 - 19.
190 wigni meeqvse

`TavisTavad~, - ùTuod~ gvaqvs mxedvelobaSi. aserigad, SeiZleba

iTqvas, erTi ebRauWeba, meore ki romelime azrisagan ukan ixevs,
oRond uciloblad - WeSmaritisagan.
arian iseTnic, TavianT ganzraxvis erTgulni rom rCebian.
aseTebs jiutebs eZaxian, Znelia maTi darwmuneba an gadarwmuneba.
isini raRaciT TavSekavebulebs hgvanan, - viTar mflangveli
erTnairad xelgaSlilis feraa, mxolodRa SemmarTebeli
guladze mamacia, - dabolos, saqme saqmeze rom midges, maT Soris
didi sxvaobaa. radganac TavSekavebuli Tavis azrs vnebebsa da
survilebze ar gacvlis (TumcaRa - ki, SeiZleba asec moxdes, agremc
igi rCeva - darigebas daemorCilos, garna is [kerpni] mosazrebebs
sayuradRebod ar miiCneven, raki TavianT grZnobebs ayolilni
umeteswilad siamovnebebiT xelmZRvaneloben. TavisnaTqvamni -
TviTrjulni brZandebian, aki umecarni da velurebi - briyvni
arian. urCTa utexobis mizezi siamovnebebSi da tanjvebSia: maT
uxariaT, raJams axerxeben, saxeldobr, azris Seucvlelad
sakuTari dadgenilebis proeqti gaitanon, da Zalian wuxan odes
maT winadadebebs ar iTvaliswineben. amiT umetesad TavSeukaveblebs
hgvanan vidre TavSekavebulebs1.
marTalia, iseTebsac gadaveyrebiT, romelnic TavianTi
ganzraxvisagan ukan ixeven ara TavSeukaveblobis mizeziT. aseTia
neoptolemeosi sofolkes `filokteteSi~: namdvilad, man
siamovnebis xaTriT ganzraxva Secvala, mainc xom es WeSmaritad
mSvenieri ameba gaxldaT, vinaidan neoptolomesTvis saamebeli
iyo simarTle elaparaka2, xolo odisevsma daarwmuna is rom
ecrua. ra Tqma unda, vinicobaa mavani saamurobisTvis ase iqceva,
1. aspasia SeniSnavs: `Semdgom mas unda eTqva: `xolo xepreebs da uvicebs

ver gadaarwmuneb aRuzrdelobis da maTi xasiaTis pirquSobis (σκληπότητα)
mizeziT,~ magram, es ganxilvaSi gamotovebulia~ (139. 3 - 5)
2. aq rixardsis koniuqturis mixedviT vTargmniT ἡδύ nacvlad xelnaweri
καλόν-isa (`mSvenieri~).
wigni meeqvse 191

yoveli bilwi, uxeiro an TavSeukavebeli rodia, aramed mxolod

igi, vinac saTakilo amebisTvis moqmedebs.
XI
Tumca, gvxvdebian imgvarnic, visac sxeuliT tkboba zomaze
naklebaT ainteresebs da mizezi gana is aris, rom isini romeliRac
gonivrul daskvnebs eWidebian. ese igi TavSekavebuli namdvilad
Suanaa amgvarebsa da TavSeukaveblebs Soris. rakiRa, TavdauWere-
li Tavis azrze ùmetesis~ wyalobiT ar rCeba, amnairi igi - ùmci-
resis~ meSveobiTaa1. TavSekavebuli Tavis msjelobas ebRauWeba da
masze raime sxva mizezebiT uars ar ambobs. Tu rom TavdaWeriloba
raRac znekeTilobaa, im dros misi sapirispironi sulis uzneo
mdgomareobani iqnebian, ranic gaxlavan kidec. oRond, imis gamo,
esden erT sapirispiroTaganze dakvirveba SeiZleba magram zogierT
ZexorcielTan da isic iSviaTad, mogveCveneba, TiTqos ubiwoeba
marto aRviraxsnilobas (agreTve TavSekavebuleba - martoden
TavSeukaveblobas) upirispirdeba.
vinaTgan saxelwodebebi xSirad msgavsebis ZaliT gveZleva,
ase gamovida, rom ubiwoebas TavSekavebasac miaweren - [am Tvise-
bebis] mgvanebis gamoisobiT. TavdaWerili TiTqos sxeulebriv
siamovnebaTa gavlenis wyalobiT gonebis sapirispirod ar moq-
medebs, agreTve ubiwoc, mainc pirvels meorisagan gansxvavebiT
midrekilebani arasakeTilo aqvs, [qalwuli] ki aseTia, agremc
amebas gonebis sawinaaRmdegod ar ganicdis, [TavSekavebuls]
ZaluZs msgavsi tkbobani gamoscados, oRond igi maT uarobs.
aris gansazRvruli msgavseba agreTve TavSeukavebelsa da aRvi-
raxsnils Soris, Tumc isini gansxvavdebian: oriveni sxeuliT
1. aspasia: `rodesac igi ambobs, rom TavSeukavebeli Tavis azrze `didis Sede-
gad~ (διἁ τὸ μᾶλλον) ar rCeba, xolo, meore `pataras mizeziT~ (διὰ τὸ ήττον), es ki
niSnavs, rom TavdauWereli ar dgeba Tavis azrze didis gamoisobiT, vidre saWiroa
siamovnebebis miyola, meore ki – mciris Sedegad, vire aucilebelia, (140, 8 - 10).
192 wigni meeqvse

tkbobas eltvian, TumcaRa, erTi fiqrobs es asec unda iyoso,

garna, meore ase ar fiqrobs.
SeuZlebelia erTsa da imav dros windaxeduli da
TavSeukavebeli iyo, rameTu, rogorc vuCveneT, gonieri
Tanadroulad znekeTilia. amis garda windaxeduli ara mxolod
codniT gansxvavdeba, mainc [Tvisiv codnis mimdevis] unariTac,
gamorCeviT TavSeukavebelisagan. (daRaTu, TavSeukavebels
araferi ar uSlis xels `gamWriaxi~ brZandebodes. amis Sedegad
xandaxan aseT azrs moismen: zogierTni windaxedulebasTan
erTad TavSeukavebelnic gaxlavano, - es yvelaferi ki imad,
raki, `gamWriaxoba~ ragvaradac wina msjelobebis dros 1
iTqva, windaxedulebasTan SedarebiT sul sxvaa, ganmartebis
mixedviT isini axlos dganan, aki erTmaneTisagan TavianTi
arCevaniT2 ganirCevian.) amasTan, TavSeukavebeli isec ar iqceva
rogorc WeSmaritad Segnebul kacs Sehferis, igi an mZinares
emsgavseba anda mTvrals da Tumc is nebayoflobiT moqmedebs,
(raxan garkveulwilad icis Tu ras akeTebs da ratom iqceva
ise), miuxedavad amisa uzneod ar CaiTvleba. misi arCevani
kidevac kargisken iyo mimarTuli, amisdamixedviT is biwieri
sanaxevrodaa3). SeuZlebelia amis Tqmac, rom igi usamarTloa,
mas gana boroti ganzraxva hqonda, - TavSeukavebeli Tavis
1. `wina msjelobebSi~ - ix. V, 12.

2. anonimi 2: `gonivrulobis arCevani yovelTvis keTildReobaa, da irCevs imas
rasac keTildReobasTan mivyavarT, xolo sagamomgoneblos arCevani saZagelia,
radgan im saSualebebs irCevs, bilw mizanTan rom migvayenebs~ (443, 15 - 17).
3. `sanaxevrod bilwia~ - ήμιπόνηρος Cven mxolod aristotelesTan vxvdebiT da
sul orjer (aseve `politikaSi~ V, 1315 b l0), magram platons `saxelmwifoSi~,
352с7 agreTve aqvs ἡμιμόχθηροι `sanaxevrod biwierebi~. aspasia Tavis komen-
tarebSi am adgilisTvis ara aristoteles, aramed swored platonis termins
mimarTavs: ìgi savsebiT biwieri rodia, mxolod sanaxevrodaao~. (πονηρὸς
παντελῶς) xolo, nawilobriv mankieri (ἡμιμόχθηρος) (141,4).
wigni meeqvse 193

survilebs ar moTokavs, xolo temperamentians1 raime gulveba

saerTod ar gaaCnia. TavSeukavebeli iseT saxelmwifos
gvagonebs, sadac yvela aucilebeli dadgenileba xmis micemiT
miiReba, sad kargi kanonebia, - oRond arcerTi maTgani ar
sruldeba, ranairadac anaqsandridma ironiiT gamoTqva:
da saxelmwifos neba gaxlavT, kanoni ar Seawuxos! 2.
biwieri ki im samefosaa minamgvanebi, romelic TumcaRa - ki

kanonebs icavs, kanonebi - uvargisia.
umravlesobisaTvis TavSekaveba da TavSeukavebloba uki-
duresobebia, rameTu erTi ufrosad gonebas eWideba, umetesobas
es ar SeuZlia, meore - naklebad. niris is Tavawyvetileba ufro
inkurneba, romliTac temperamentiani mokvdavebi itanjebian,
manam imaTi wregadasuloba, romelTac gadawyvetilebis miReba
SeuZliaT, da bolos misi Sesruleba ar ZaluZT. agreTve advilia
Tavdauokeblobas SeCveul kacebis [gamojansaReba] vidre TavaS-
vebulad dabadebulTa, vinaidan Cveulebas ufro Secvli vire
bunebas. oRond, Cvevis Secvlac araa advili - ros igi bunebis
mgvania. rogorc evoni ambobs:
o, megobaro, gagendobi,
vinZlo mraval dro-Jamis mere gasrulqmnildeba,
1. anonimi 2 gvaxsenebs, rom `fsiqiurad gauwonasworebeli~ adre ìmpulsurad

TavSeukaveblad~ ganixileboda. (ὁ προπετὴς ἀκρατής). (443, 47). ix. 150Ь26.
2. anaqsandridi (4 s - is pirveli naxevari), aTeneli dramaturgi, aristote-
les ufrosi Tanamedrove, saSualo atikuri komediis warmomadgeneli. Sdr.
anonimTan citirebuli frazis gadmocema: `saxelmwifos, romelsac ar aint-
eresebs kargi kanonebi, vargisi kanonebiT cxovreba da kenWisyriT sanimuSo
gadawyvetilebebis miReba moprianebia~ (444, 2 - 4).
194 wigni meeqvse

xalxisTvis saqme TviT bunebad gadaiqceva. 1
maS ase, ra aris TavSekavebuloba da ranairia TavSeukaveblo-

ba, ragvaria TavdaWeriloba da rarigia azizoba da erTmaneTTan
es Tvisebebi rogor arian Tanafardni, ukve iTqva.
XII
siamovnebis da tanjvis Teoriuli ganxilva im filosofosis
saqmea, romelic politikaze msjelobs, viTarmed isaa Semqmneli
maRali miznisa, romlis Semxedvarenic `keTildReobas~ an
`borotebas~ ragvar TavisTavadad aseTebs2 yovelTvis vaxsenebT.
mainc amas gverds verc Cven avuvliT: xom vamtkicebdiT, zneobrivi
saTnoeba da biwiereba siamovnebis da tanjvis SegrZnebasTan
arian dakavSirebulni da bednierebac umravlesobis mofiqrebiT
1. fr. 9 (Diehl). evene parosidan - sofisti da elegiebis mTxzveli V s – ne Cv.

w. aR – mde.
2. aspasia: `siamovnebisa da tkivilis Teoriul analizs is politikos filo-
sofoss miawers, rameTu igia Semoqmedi saboloo miznisa. ratom uwodebs mas
igi saboloo miznis Semoqmeds? imad xom ara, rom yoveli, imis Semoqmedad
iwodeba, ris momzadebasac Tavad xelmZRvanelobs. xolo, politikosi imas mow-
inaveobs, Tu rogor unda warmoiSvas bedniereba. meorec, praqtikuli sibrZne
SemoqmedebiTad iwodeba. amitomac misganaa gonivruli safuZveli zneobrivi
saTnoebaTa. politikaSi praqtikuli sibrZnis sagani polis – saxelmwifo da
saxelmwifo bednierebaa. rogorc Cans amitom uwodeben mas saboloo miznis
Semoqmeds, xolo, politikoss – mis mflobels. viTvaliswinebT ra mizans, Cven
erTs – upirobo keTildReobas vuwodebT, meores ki – borotebas: keTildReoba
is aris, - rasac miznisken da bednierebisken mivyavarT, boroteba ki is gaxlavT,
- rac mas ewinaaRmdegeba. amitom cxadia, rom siamovnebaTa da tanjvaTa Teoria
rogorc mizani xelmZRvanelisa [politika], romelic akvirdeba, mivyavarT maT
bednierebisaken Tu ara, - mas ewinaaRmdegebian. da mesame, radgan zneobiTi keT-
ildReoba urTierTobs rogorc iTqva kmayofilebasTan da tanjvasTan, xolo,
politika zneobiT saTnoebaze zrunvasTanaa dakavSirebuli, maSin politikosma
isini [siamovnebani da tanjvani] aucileblad unda ganixilos~ (141, 22 - 142, 5).
wigni meeqvse 195

tkbobasTan Tanaziariao, - zustad amitomaa sityva `netari!

[makarios] rom warmosdgeba sityva `sixarulidan~ [khairein].
vieTnTa azriT araviTari ameba keTildReobas ar niSnavs,
arc TavisTavad gancxroma da arcaRa SemTxveviTi, vinaTgan
arxeinad cxovreba tkbobis igivi rodia. sxvaTa varaudiT
lazaTiani molxenanic arseboben, Tumc ZiriTadad - cudi. aris
mesame mosazrebac, romlis Tanaxmadac Tuki yvela siamtkbiloba
vargisia, dauSvebelia, umaRlesi keTildReoba iseTive siamtk-
biloba iyoso.
arcerTi siamovneba dRekeTiloba jer kidev ar aris, amas ase
amtkiceben1. yovelgvari laRoba Tavis bunebasTan2 grZnobadi da
avxorci Camoyalibebaa, dabolos, erTi formirebac imav gvars
ar ganekuTvneba rasac saboloo mizani, (nimuSad: saxlis Seneba
- da Tavad saxli)3. ubiwo kacis Svili gancxromas gaurbis. -
windaxeduli adamiani utanjvelobisaken iswrafvis, Tumca ara
dalxinebisaken. - amebani gonebas fiqris dros aferxeben, da
raoden metad mxiarulobs adamis Svili, miT gansakuTrebiT
damabrkolebelni gaxlavan igini (magaliTad - tkboba miRebuli
sqesobrivi siaxlovisagan: saeWvoa vinmes aseT dros rameze
1. aspasia: (142, 9) SeniSnavs rom es antisTenes azria.

2. `laRoba Tavis bunebasTan~ - anu bunebriv mdgomareobasTan. TviT aristotele
da agreTve platonic sasurvelad miiCnevdnen eTqvaT ara bunebis Camoyalibeba,
aramed bunebis àRdgena~, Sdr. `ritorika~ 1369 b 33 - 35: Ὑποκείσθω δὴ ήμῖν
εῖναι τὴν ήδονὴν κίνησίν τινα τῆς φυχῆς καὶ κατάστασιν ἀθρόαν καὶ αὶσθητὴν εὶς τὴν
ὑπάρχουσαν φύσιν, da agreTve Problem. 878bll.
anonimi 2 gangvimartavs, rom `bunebis CamoyalibebaSi~ `romeliRac bune-
brivi moTxovnilebis Sevsebaa~ nagulisxmebi: sasmeliT siamovneba – wyurvilis
dakmayofileba rogorc sxeulis moTxovnilebis, saWmeli – Tuki gvSia da
davpurdebiT, rodesac sxeuli mis naklebobas ganicdis (445, 33 - 36).
3. anu siamovneba imitom xom ar aris keTildReoba, rom is moqmedebis rezu-
ltati ar gaxlavT, aramed mxolod Sedegis misaRebi qcevaa, xolo amgvarad
igi ar SeiZleba raime iyos (= romelime dRekeTiloba).
196 wigni meeqvse

ocneba SeeZlos). - dRekeTilobis [momniWebeli] xelovaneba ar

arsebobs, mainc aki yoveli keTildReoba xelovnebis saqmea. -
arxeinad cxovrebisaken iweven bavSvebic da cxovelebic.
yvela siamovneba rom kargi araa, [ase amtkiceben]: arsebo-
ben tkbobani saTakiloni da TavismomWrelni, metic, [janmrT-
elobisTvis] sazianonic brZandebian. raxan zogierTi maTgani
daavadebas iwvevs. ameba rom uzenaesi keTildReoba ar gaxlavs,
[miT asabuTeben,] garna is saboloo mizania, erTgvari SeCerebaa.
daaxloebiT aseTia am sakiTxis garSemo wamoWrili azrebi.
XIII
mainc, yoveli CamoTvlilidan rodi Cans rom molxena keTil-
dReoba ar aris da amasTan - umaRlesi, es ki cxadia qvemoT,
SemdgomiT.
pirvel rigSi, raki `keTildReobas~ ori mniSvneloba aqvs,
(`TavisTavad keTildReoba~ da `dRekeTiloba viRacisTvis~),
imxanad bunebebze da mdgomareobebzedac1 Sesabamisad iTqmeba,
agreTve moZraobasa da Camoyalibebaze. erTni im siamovnebaTaganni,
romelnic uvargisad iTvlebian, uciloblad ukeTurni
gaxlavan, mainc gana, viRacisTvis arc Tu iseTad uxeironi,
aramed sasurvelnic ki2. imgvarnic brZandebian, vinmes mier
yovelTvis rom ar airCevian, xolo - xandaxan, mokle droiT.
amasTan zogierTi [SegrZnebani] sasiamovnoni sulac ar arian,
oRond aseTad gveCvenebian, - tanjvebTan dakavSirebulni da
[moTmenilni] raTa ganikurnon, magaliTad, amas igini SeigrZnoben,
1. albaT mocemul konteqstSi `buneba~ - es aris bunebrivi mdgomareoba (φυ-

σικὴ ε̈ξις).
2. anonimi 2: `magaliTad, meZavoba upirobod cudi siamovnebaa, magram vinmesTvis
da kerZod TavgasulisTvis igi sulac ar aris urigo siamtkbiloba, igi mas
yovelTvis irCevs~ (447, 30 - 31).
wigni meeqvse 197

tkivilebisgan rom itanjebian1.

mere, radgan keTildReoba erTis mxriv Sromaa, meores
mxriv - mdgomareobaa2, mas Semdeg [moRvaweobani] romelnic bune-
brivi garemoebis aRdgenisaken gvewevian, mxolod SemTxveviTad
gvesalbunebian (roca CvenSi gulisTqma warmoiqmneba, ese igi,
moTxovnilebiT warmoSobili es Cveni bunebis moqmedebaa), dabo-
los, gaxlavan dalxinebani mis Tanmxleb tanjvebisa da JinTa
gareSec, magaliTisaTvis, ganWvretis Jami, rodesac Cvens bunebas
araferi ar sWirdeba. mtkicebulebad is mogvemsaxureba, guls
erTi da igiv rodi gvilaRebs, rodesac buneba saWiroebas mogvi-
matebs da radrosac igi dakmayofilebulia: bolo SemTxvevaSi
Cven gvixaria sasiamovno rarig aseTi3, ki, viswrafviT esden bune-
brivi moTxovnileba - sapirispiros SevuvsoT, Cven xom zogjer
gvsiamovnebs mJave da cxare, TavianTi arsiT an uciloblad rom
ar arian Semaqcevarni. amrigad, tkbobani Sefardebulni gaxlavan,
raki Tanafardnia sixarulis momgvreli rameebi, aseve mimarTe-
bulni iqnebian maTze damokidebuli amebani.
Tu raa naTqvami mizansa da Camoyalibebaze, sulac araa
aucilebeli iqedan raime sxva, ukveTesi gamomdinareobdes,
vidremdis siamtkbilobaa. radganac salbuni Seqmnis dedaarsi
ar brZandeba da yvela maTgani ar gveZleva Camoyalibebis gziT,
dabolos zogierTi moqmedebania da [TavianTi TavebisTvis]
1. `tkivilebisgan gatanjulTa SegrZnebani~ - aSkarad saubaria tkivilis cvlad

Setevaze romlis sapirispiroc `siamovnebania~ magram, isini saamurni ar arian.
an mware wamlis miRebis mere mogvrili siamovnebaa, romlis dalevis Semdeg
gamojanmrTeleba gveimedeba.
2. anonim 2: `keTildReobis erTi saxeoba – mdgomareobaa, magaliTad, zneo-
brioba keTildReobaa, magram mdgomareoba – sxva moqmedebis gagebiT, nimuSad,
saTnoebis saqmianoba, anu samarTlian an wminda saqmeTa Cadena keTildReobaa~
(448, 8 - 11).
3. anonimi 2: ubralod sasiamovnos (ὰπλῶς) nimuSad mohyavs qiosuri Rvino da
axladgamomcxvari puri (449, 9 - 10).
198 wigni meeqvse

mizannic arian. isini ara raimes damyarebis Tanmxlebi gaxla-

van, aramed misi gamoyenebis1. Tavad ganzraxvac ki yvelas rodi
aqvs TviT maTgan gamorCeuli, magram mxolodRa im laRobebs,
romelnic bunebis Sevsebis Tanmimyolni brZandebian. amitomac
kargad ar iTqva, gancxroma `grZnobieri daarsebaa~o, umjobesia
vinZlo vityviT, rom is `bunebriv SesaZleblobaTa moqmedebaa~,
grZnobieris nacvlad `daubrkolebelis~ unda vTqvaT. marTalia,
aris aseTi mosazrebac: siamovneba mainc dafuZnebaa, vinaidan
igi keTildReobiT upiratesiao, raki miiCneven - moRvaweoba
Camoyalibebaao. sinamdvileSi isini sxvadasxvani brZandebian.
gulSi gaivlo, yvela dalxineba uxeiroao, raxan zogierTi
saamo ram jansaRobas vnebso, - es igivea ifiqro, [janmrTeloba
arasakeTiloa, rameTu] janianobisTvis zogierTi sasargeblo fulis
dagrovebisaTvis2 ulazaToa. aq ki gamogviva, garna siamtkbilobani da
sisaRec erTob uxeironi gaxlavan, TumcaRa - ki isini sulelurni ara
1. aspasia 2: `marTlac, roca motrapeze suli purs an sasmelis iRebs, saWmelis-

agan mogvrili siamovneba warmoiSoba, rodesac xedvis unari xilul sagnebs
Wvrets da maTSi CarTulia, xedviT miRebuli ameba warmoiSoba, odes sxva buneba
an unari kidev sxva rames moixmars – ucxo Tnevani ibadebian~ (146, 33 - 147, 4) ).
2. `janianobisTvis zogierTi sasargeblo ram fulis dagrovebisaTvis ulaz-
aToa~ - rac niSnavs ὑγιεινὰ ε̆νια φαῦλα πρὸς χρεματισμὸν es savsebiT gasagebi ar
aris. anonims 450, 23 -26 miaCnia, rom mxedvelobaSi aqvT pacientis mkurnalo-
baSi gaRebuli xarji, romelic `mis qonebas acarielebs~. daaxloebiT igives
vxvdebiT heliodoresTan, 157, 27 - 28: `janmrTelobis momtani mravali ram
gamdidrebas win aRudgeba, raki isini bevri danaxarjebis mizeziT damRupvelni
arian~. aspasia, 148, 3 - 4, rogorc Cans miiCnevs, rom gamdidrebisTvis xelis
SemSleli (φαῦλα πρὸς χρηματισμὸν) aris is, rom vinme gulmodgined imecadinebs
(ὑγιεινἁ) (sityvaze tanvarjiSSi) da sxeulis mdgomareobaze izrunebs, igi
qonebis dagrovebisaTvis aRar gairjeba. SesaZlebelia kidev erTi ganmarteba:
janmrTelobisaTvis zogierTi sasargeblo ram (msgavsi tanvarjiSisa), eqimebs
fulis Sovnis saSualebas uspobs, radgan janmrTel adamians isini aRar sWird-
eba, Sdr. platonis saxelmwifo, 357с6 - 7: ἰάτρευσίς τε καὶ ὀ α̈λλος χρηματισμός.
wigni meeqvse 199

amitom1 brZandebian, xandaxan janmrTelobisTvis diaRac ganWvretac

mavnebelia. aki arc windaxedulebisaTvis, arcaRa nebismier
uvargisi mdgomareobisaTvis, maTgan sixarulis momgvreli maTTvis
dabrkolebas ar warmoadgens (mainc xels sxva mosalbunebani uSlian),
vinaTgan Wvretisagan da Seswavlisgan gamowveuli siamovnebani
gvaiZuleben meti ganvWvritoT da SeviswavloT.
ukeTu xelovnebam sulis zeimi ar mogvaniWa, es savsebiT gas-
agebia: xelovneba xom moqmedebisTvis 2 ar aris, aramed unarisaTvis.
imis Sesaxeb aporia, rom umwikvlo siamovnebebs gaurbis,
windaxeduli ki utanjvelobas eZebs da agreTve is, esden bavSvebi
da cxovelebi tkbobas eswrafvian, imav mosazrebebiT amoixsneba.
siamtkbilobis Taobaze ukve iTqva3, viTarmed erTi maTgani upi-
roboT kargia, xolo meore _ cudia. amnairad, cxovelebi da
bavSvebi im meoreebisken iltvian da windaxeduli miwis Svili
tanjvebis ararsebobas marTlac am ukanasknel siamovnebebSi
eZebs. JinTagan da tanjvaTagan warmoqmnilni es amebani sxeulis-
mieria (isini xom aseTni gaxlavan) amasTan, maTSi zomagadasuloba
egunebebaT da swored amis gamoa aRviraxsnili aRviraxsnilad
rom iwodeba. oRond, ubiwo kacxorcieli amisaTvis gaurbis maT,
umwikvlos aki Tavisi siamovnebani moepoveba.
XIV
ai, imas ki, rom tanjva borotebaa, romelsac dedian-budi-
anad ekrZalebian, yvela eTanxmeba. marTlac da, is an upirobo
azriT borotebaa, anda im mizeziT, garna [romelime moqmedebas]
winaaRudgeba. oRond, sapirispiro imisa, rasac gaurbian da
1. ìsini sulelurni ara imitom brZandebian~ - imitom rodi, rom isini janmr-
Telobani da siamovnebania, aramed meorexarisxovnad.
2. `moqmedebisaTvis ar aris~ - siamovneba ki moRvaweobaa.
3. ùkve iTqva~ - ix. zemoT: 4 Tavi.
200 wigni meeqvse

umetnaklebod imdenad, ra doziTac mas eridebian viT borote-

bas - keTildReobaa. Sesabamisad siamovneba aucileblad aris
Taviseburi sikeTe. psevsipes1 mier SemoTavazebuli am sakiTxis
gadawyveta aporias ver xsnis. man dagvanaxva, meti cotas da
Tanabaris sapirispiroao, [siamovneba aseve tanjvas da utan-
jvelobas] upirispirdebao, mas xom ar SeeZlo tkboba raime
borotebad gamoecxadebina.
uzenaes keTildReobas namdvilad araferi ar uSlis xels si-
amovneba iyos, miuxedavad amisa zogierTi datkboba ukeTuria (mas
SeuZlia erTgvar codnadac arsebobdes, Tumc aki arian erTob
qvena codnanic). ukeTu TiToeul viTarebas Tavisi qceva gaaCnia,
romelic maT mier daubrkoleblad xorcieldeba, - amdenad es
moqmedeba (an sulis yvela mdgomareobisa, an romelime erTisa,
- rac ar unda bedniereba iyos), romelsac araferi abrkolebs,
albaT, TiTqos aucilebelicaa marTlac rom sufevdes, rasac
pirvel yovlisa kidevac irCeven. es ki siamovnebaa. amgvarad,
ùmaRlesi dRekeTiloba~ raRac sasixarulo unda gaxlavdes, -
Tumca, saTakilo siamtkbilobanic sakmarisze metia, - amasTan, Tu
gavbedavT da zustad gansazRvravT, imJamad TavisTavadi molxena
iqneba. amis Sedegad, bevri miiCnevs, svekeTili cxovreba - laRi
cxovrebaao da amgvarad svebednierebas dalxinebas ukavSireben.
amas Tavisi gamarTleba aqvs: gana arcerTi moqmedeba ar iqneba
sruli, ukeTu mas raime daabrkolebs, qudbeddayoliloba sru-
lyofil saqmianobebTanaa SeZerwili. amisTvis bedniers sxe-
ulismieri keTildReobanic sWirdeba da garegani netarebanic,
bedic, rom [maTma uqonlobam] iRblianobas xeli ar SeuSalos.
isini ki, romelnic Zelze gasmul, tanjul da gaubedurebul
adamians qudbedians uwodeben, oRondac ki igi saTno Zexorcieli
1. spevsipe (daaxl. 407 – 339) – platonis akademiis meTauri platonis gar-

dacvalebis Semdeg. ufro sruli argumentia motanili e. n. X, 177 zabsll., Tumca
psevsipe iq moxseniebuli ar aris.
wigni meeqvse 201

iyos, nebsiT Tu uneblied1 CerCetoben. namdvilad imis gamo,

garna svianobis gverdiT lelos gatanac aucilebelia, bevrs
eCveneba, bednier varskvlavze dabadeba da warmateba orTav
erTiao, TumcaRa es ase ar aris, viTarmed vincobaa gamarjveba
Zalze bevria, es xelis SemSlelic iqneba2, da albaT, diaxac
usamarTlobaa metismeti iRbali `miRwevaTa keTildReobad~
miviCnioT, radgan is viTar minaRwevari mxolod bedsvianobasTan
kavSirSi ganisazRvreba3.
is, rom yvela cxoveli da adamiani4 siamovnebisaken iswraf-
vis, imis sasikeTod mowmobs, esden raRac mosazrebiT tkboba
ùmaRlesi sikeTea~ magram
ras xalxi ambobs, is ukvalod ar ikargeba. 5...
mainc, radganac `buneba~ da ùmjobesi mdgomareoba~
1. anonimi 2 ganmartavs: nebsiT - ànu mcodne imisa rom aseTi kaci ubeduria
da WeSmaritebas malavs~, xolo uneblie - ànu ar icis Tu vin aris WeSmaritad
(κυρίως) bednieri~ (454. 12 - 15).
2. anonimi 2 (454. 21) ganmartavs, rom metismeti warmatebebis ricxvs warmoma-
vloba da simdidrec SesaZlebelia mivakuTvnoT, samarTlian cxovrebas xels
rom uSlian.
3. anonimi 2: `Tuki mas mivyavarT bednierebisaken da sasargebloa, maSin iwodeba
iRblad da sanaqeboc iqneba, vincobaa ar migvamTxvevs bednierebas, imxanad
gadameteba yofila, bednierebas ver uwodeb da arc saqeburi brZanebula~
(454. 28 - 30) .
4.anonimis Tanaxmad: (454. 31 - 37), aristoteles aqvs naTqvami `cxovelebi da
bavSvebio~ da aristoteles polemikuri sityva imaT winaaRmdegaa mimarTuli,
romelnic miiCneven, rom kmayofileba ver iqneba keTildReoba, radgan misken
miiweven bavSvebi da cxovelebi. aristotele amtkicebs, rom raki siamovnebi-
saken yvela miiltvis, (πάντα ἐφίεται), swored amitomacaa igi keTildReoba.
5. hesiode. samuSaoebi da dReebi, gv 763 leqss asrulebs fraza: `da locva
xom qalRmerTia~ (sxva sityvebiT: xalxis xma – RmerTis xma).
202 wigni meeqvse

cxovelisa da mokvdavisa sxvadasxvaa (da arsnic mravalgvaria

da moCvenebiTni), mas Semdeg igini erTnair siamovnebas rodi,
TumcaRa - ki, cxadze ucxadesia yvela - amebas eZeben. an iqneb
im molxenis mZebnelni ar brZandebian, romelzec fiqroben da
laparakoben, dabolos zustad imisa [WeSmaritis]. vinaidan
yvelafers bunebrivad ram RvTaebrivi abadia. mainc xom siamt-
kbilobis saxels swored sxeulebrivi gaxarebani daepatrona,
raki kacni ufro xSirad zedmiwevniT mas eZgerebian da yvela
masTanaa urTierTobagabmuli da ai, Sedegad amisa, rom mxolod
isini arian cnobilni, miiCneven, aqaoda marto igini arsebobeno.
dabolos, isic aSkaraa, Tu siamovneba keTildReoba ar aris
da arc moqmedebaa, maSin svebednieri dalxenilad ver icxovrebs:
risTvis sWirdeba mas datkboba, Tuki is keTildReoba ar gax-
lavs? aki SeiZleba vitanjebodeT da [bednierebic viyoT]. gana
vai - vaglaxi arc borotebaa da arcaRa arxeini cxovrebaa, ukeTu
Tneva keTildReoba ar brZandeba, maS ra saWiroa gavurbodeT mas?
gamodis zneobrivi adamianis yofa saamuri ver iqneba, vincobaa
ar iqneba misTvis gancxroma is, rasac igi akeTebs.
sxeulebriv siamovnebebTan dakavSirebiT kidev aseTi
mosazreba ganvixiloT, romlis Tanaxmadac zogierTi tkbobani
erTob Rirseul arCevanad miiCneva (magaliTad `saucxoo~
amebani), mxolod araviTar SemTxvevaSi sxeulebrivi, ara isini,
romelnic aRviraxsnils izidavs. gvevaleba vikiTxoT, riT
upirispirdebian gvamismier siamtkbilobebs biwieri tanjvebi?
aki keTildReoba1 borotebis sapirispiroa. aucilebeli gulis
1. veyrdnobiT ra anonim 2 is komentarebs, am aporiis formulireba asea SesaZle-

beli (amasTan πῶς koniuqturas Cven ar viziarebT (romelic rekhemma miiRo) da
xelnawer τοῖς vtovebT): es aporia im filosofosebTan warmoiqmneba, romelnic
gvaswavlian, rom Tuki aseTi siamovnebanic arseboben, rogornic unda avirCioT,
raki isini sasikeToni arian, sulisani iqnebian da ara sxeulismierni (anu uzomo
Wamis da smis Sedegad gaCenili amebani), garna imgvari, sadac TavSeukavebeli
TavdauWereliao (meZavgancxromloba), - maSin kiTxva Cndeba: ratomaa biwieri
wigni meeqvse 203

gagrilebani kargi im mosazrebiT xom ar arian, rom borotebis

ararseboba ukve vargisia? vinZlo isini rigianni ramdenadme1
gaxlavan? TiTqos sulis erTi mdgomareobisa da moZraobisas
nameti ukveTesobisken SeuZlebelia da amjerad siamovnebis2
naWarbi gaugonaria, sxva SemTxvevebSi siuxve warmosadgenia, aq ki
SesaZloa mogvril sixarulTa siWarbe. mxolodRa, sxeulebriv
svesvianobisas gadameteba SesaZlebelia da biwieri adamis
Svilic uzneo imadaa, rom, uxv da ara aucilebel siamtkbilobebs
eZebs (Wama gancxroma ramdenadme yvelasaTvisaa, sasmelebi,
sasiyvarulo tkbobani, mainc diaRac ara jerovnad)3. tanjvis
wams ki yvelaferi piriqiTaa, raxan mosulelo miwis Svilic
metismet satanjvels ki ar gaurbis, aramed saerTod tanjvas,
wameba amebis moWarbebis sapirispiro ar brZandeba, mainc mxolod
imaTTvisaa, romelnic marTlac nametans eZeben.
(μοχθεραί) is tanjvani, romelnic am [gvamismieri] Tnevebis sapirispironi arian?

Tuki sxeulismieri tanjvani - cudia, Sesabamisad tanismieri datkbobani raRac
azriT gulis gamagrilebelni unda iyvnen, raxan borotebis sapirispiro –
keTildReobaa. magram, isini amboben rom gvamismieri siamovnebani sulac ar
arian sasikeToni. Semdgom aristotele xsnis am aporias, miiCnevs ra vargisad
aucilebel amebebs, Tuki zomiereba daculi iqnebao.
1. anonimi 2: SeniSnavs: ἑτἑρα λὑσις, η̈τις καὶ κρείττων (456.12). da Semdgom: `radgan
Wama, sma da seqsi kargia maSin, roca es yvelaferi zomieradaa, xolo, Tuki
zRvarsgadacilebulia – arasakeTiloa~.
2. anonimi 2: `magaliTad, xedvis unarisaTvis moWarbeba SeuZlebelia, da Tuki
vinme Zalzed bevrs fiqrobs, mas amis gamo aqeben), amitomac xedvis da fiqris
Sedegad miRebul siamovnebaSi moWarbeba ver iqneba~ (456. 16 - 18).
3. aristoteles sityvebi ὰλλ' οὺχ ώς δεῖ sxvadasxvagvarad esmiT Tanamedrove
da Zveli interpretatorebs. Tanamedrove (rekhemi) miiCnevs, frazis pirvel
nawilSi nagulisxmevia, rom CamoTvlili `yvelasTvis~ `raRacdagvarad~ sasia-
movnoao. (πως), da Semdgom misi Targmani koniuqturas saWiroebs. da CaurTavs
rekhemi – `garna ara [yoveli] ise rogorc saWiroao~. anonimi 2 (456. 36 - 37)
pirvel nawils im TvvalsazrisiT ganixilavs, rom yoveli (πως , η̆τοι ὑπερβολικῶς
καὶ ἀμέτρως) , sxeulebrivi amebaniT zomagadasulad tkbebian, àra saTanadodo~.
204 wigni meeqvse

XV
rameTu aucilebelia ara mxolod WeSmaritebis dadgena,
agreTve Secdomis mizezisac (xom es Tavdajerebulebas gvani-
Webs: ukeTu rarig saWiroa ise avxsniT, Tu ratom gvelandeba
uzakvelad, raic ar aris simarTle da aq WeSmaritebisadmi ndoba
izrdeba), - im dros saWiroa imazec vTqvaT, rad gveCveneba, sxe-
ulebrivi tkbobani asarCevad ufrosRa uprianiao.
pirvel yovlisa mitom, rom isini vaebebs anadgureben; am
mizeziT usazomo daWirvebaTa dros kacxorcielni savsebiT
zomagadasul sxeulebriv gancxromebs ranairadac wamals ise
eZeben. siamovnebani yvelaze mZlavr wamlebad gvevlinebian,
tyuilubralod rodi devnian maT: gana iqve, axlos, Tavis sapir-
ispirosTan laRoba gansakuTrebiT SesaniSni araa? (dalxineba
raimed vargisad ar miiCneva ukve dasaxelebul ori mizeziT: erT-
ni gancxromani cudi bunebis dedaarsni gaxlavan, arasakeTilo
an dabadebidan, viT cxovelebTan, an CveviT, rogorebicaa biwier
ZexorcielTa siamovnebani, - gareSe Tnevani ki medicinis Tavi
da boloa, odes [aucilebelze]1 uflebas gvispoben. miuxedavad
amisa, yovel SemTxvevaSi iyo ufrore ukveTesia, vidre gaxde. es
[amebani] Sevsebis procesis Tanmxlebni ar arian, amis gamo isini
kargi SemTxveviT2 brZandebian).
1. Sdr. anonimi 2: wamali aq – arsis Sevsebaa (ἀναπληρώσηις φύσεως) anu muclis

amoyorva (moSiebulze) an wyliT (mowyurebulze), rac siamovnebas gvgvris.
(458. 3 - 4).
2. anonimi 2: sxva am siamovnebaTagani sasurvelis miRwevisa da CanafiqrTa Ses-
rulebis dros warmoiSvebian. magaliTad Tuki me Cavifiqre da Zalian minda
sanatrel qalTan Seyra, rodesac survils avisruleb, es me msiamovnebs. ase
rom, am mizeziT sxeulebriv siaxloves Cven keTildReobas ver uwodebT, an
Sesabamisad sasikeTos, aramed meorexarisxovnad~ (458. 5 - 9). argumentebi,
romelnic aq mohyavs aristoteles, imaT ekuTvnis, visac yovelgvari datkboba
arasasikeTo hgonia. meore argumenti ki is gaxlavT, rom, siamovneba TavisTavad
aris Camoyalibeba, arsis Sevseba, amitom is ver iqneba keTildReoba Tavisi
wigni meeqvse 205

amrigad, maT im mizeziTac misdeven, raTa, maTTvis, visac

sxva siamovnebebiT gaxareba ar SeuZlia, meZavganmcxromlobani
uZlieresni gaxlavan, - ase isini TavianT TavebSi romelime
avxorcobas1 TviT aRagzneben: ros es uvnebeli survilebia2, aq
sayvedurs ver ityvi, raJams mawyinarni arian, im xanad saqme
cudadaa. Cveulebriv amgvar mokvdavebs ar gaaCniaT aranairi beleSa
sixaruli da umravlesobisaTvis aseTi mdgomareoba, rawamsac ara
gaqvs araferi, arc [mxiaruleba] arcaRa [daWirveba] bunebrivia
saZneloa, (aki cocxal arsebas yovelTvis tkiva, razedac
bunebis filosofiis mimdevrebi migvaniSneben: xedva da smena
saWirborotoa, dabolos, me da Tqven amas ukve SeveCvieT, rogorc
isini gveubnebian3). amisdakvalad siymawvileSi tanis simaRlis
gamo Cven TiTqos SebruJulni varT4, Sedegad, siyme sasiamovnoa.
TavianTi bunebiT temperamentianebi eqimis meTvalyureobas
saWiroeben. maTi sxeulebi xom yovelTvis tanjvebiTaa aRsavse
[maRali] temperaturis mizeziT, swored amitom aqvT maT
uZlieresi midrekilebebi. tkboba vaebas gandevnis da - vaivaglaxis
cvalebadi xasiaTis mizeziT (albaT psevsipes mimdevrebis azria).

1. anonimi 2: àrian iseTnic, arafris gakeTeba rom ar SeuZliaT, uunaroni,
amitom isini usaqmurad rom ar isxdnen, mTeli dRe Wama undebaT, wyuriaT
da seqsi undaT, da TavianT TavebSi Jins aRagzneben, surT rom wyurodeT da
gauTaveblad marilians Seeqcevian raTa metad da metad moswyurdeT~ (458. 12).
2. anonimi 2: `Tuki zomierebi arian, uvnebelni gaxlavan~ (458. 16 - 17).
3. bunebis filosofiis masalis moxmoba aristoteles imisaTvis dasWirda,
raTa ganemarta rom utanjvelobac damaRonebelia, (radgan mdgomareoba, rom
siamovnebis nakleboba SesaZlebelia damamwuxrebeli iyos paradoqsalurad ar
gamoiyureba). aspasia Tavis moZRvrebaSi anaqsagoras swavlebaze migviTiTebs,
romelic Tvlis, rom cxoveli grZnobierebiT yovelTvis itanjebao~ (156. 14).
4. anonimi 2: `[axalgazrdebs] dRe da Rame Wama da sma undaT, raTa maTi gvami
swrafad gaizardos da ufro male gamagrdes da Camoyalibdes. isini rogorc
mTvralni, rodesac rac ufro Tvrebian, miT metad daTroba da gaxureba un-
debaT~ (458. 36 - 38).
206 wigni meeqvse

sapirispirosac da romelsac gnebavT sxvas, oRondac sakmarisad

Zlieri iyos. am braliT xdebian TavSeukavebelni da biwierni1.
xolo, aris iseTi amebani, romelnic ar brZandebian wame-
bebTan dakavSirebulni da maTTvis siWarbe ar arsebobs. isini
bunebiT saamos ganekuTvnebian, amasTan ara ucabedad. moulod-
nelad gamaxarebels imas vuwodeb, rac sixarulis momgvrelia,
sityvaze [tkivilis] gayuCeba da gankurneba. marTlac gamojan-
saReba ranairadac Cans siamtkbilobas imadac gvaniWebs, igi imisi
moRvaweobis Tanmxlebia, raic [organizmSi]2 janmrTeli rCeba.
magram Zaldautaneblad is namoqmedaria sasiamovno, romelic
Tavisi bunebis qcevas Seesatyviseba.
erTi da igiv gana yovelTvis gvesalbuneba, vinaTgan Cveni
zne ubralo ki ar aris, mainc masSi raRac sxvaa CarTuli, (ris
mizeziTac Cven mokvdavebi varT3). amis gamoa, erTi nawilis mo-
1. aspasia: `magaliTad, wyurvilis sapirispiro dawyrulebaa, an sxva nebismieri,

oRond Zlieri iyos, - ase sasiamovno bgerasac SeuZlia (ἀκοῆς ήδονή) wyurvili
mogviklas, roca Cven uaRresad vtkbebiT simReriT an sxva melodiebiT. amitomac
xdebian kacni TavSeukavebelni, rom saerTod ar ganicadon tanjva da tkivili,
isini sul axal da axal da boboqrul siamovnebebs igoneben~ (156. 17 - 22).
2. anonimi 2 ganmartavs, rom am SemTxvevaSi `gankurneba~ Wamad, `kuWis sakvebiT
amovsebad” unda gavigoT. am procesSi janmrTeli moqmedebaa CarTuli, mkvebavi
unarisa (θρεπτικῆς δυνάμεως) darCenili (ὑπομἑνοντος) imitom daarqves, rom Tuki
cocxali arseba Tavis yvela grZnobas moakvdinebs, vincobaa mas gauqreba unari
grZnobisa, xedvisa da yvela SegrZnebis saSualeba, mainc darCeba erTi – Wamis
survili da unari da mxeci mxolod WamiTac icocxlebs.
3. anonimi 2 erTob tradiciulad miiCnevs, adamianuri bunebis `sirTule~ isaa,
rom igi sulisagan da sxeulisagan Sedgeba, da sxeulis wyalobiT Cven mokvdavebi
varT. amitom SeuZlebelia erTi da igive sxeulsac siamovnebdes da sulsac: suls
siamovbas misi moqmedeba gvris, azrovneba, sxeulis bunebisaTvis ki es sapirispi-
roa da vewamebiT. aspasia (156. 6 - 10) sapirispirod miiCnevs, amiT aristotele
imaze miuTiTebs, rom Cveni sxeuli ara erTi sxeulebrivi elementisagan Sedgeba,
aramed mravlisgan, da rom Tuki raime Tavisi znis da mixedviT moqmedebas iwyebs,
meorisTvis es bunebis sapirispiro iqnebao. magaliTad: cxeli civze erTob mo-
qmedebs, isini sawinaaRmdegonia, magram, roca yvela Tvisebebi Tanabrdeba, maSin
TiTqos aRarc tanjvaa da arc netarebaa (459. 26 - 37).
wigni meeqvse 207

qceva meoresTvis bunebrivia misi niSatis sapirispiro iqneba.

roca wonasworoba miiRweva, es namoqmedari arc saamuria da
arc uamuria. mxolod Cveni niri ubralo rom iyos, misTvis erTi
da igiv moqmedeba yovelTvis yvelaze malxinebeli iqneboda. am
mizeziTaa RmerTi mudam tkbeba urRvevi da martivi siamovnebiT.
viTarmed aris ara marto moZraobis moqmedeba, aramed umoZraobis
moqmedebacaa da gancxroma ufro Zlieri gansvenebaSia, vidre
moZraobaSi1. poetis sityvebiT: `dasveneba utkbilesia~, - Tumc
es ase aris cnobil uzneurobis ZaliT. rogorc cvalebadia
wamxdari kaci, aseve meryevia buneba, romelsac es gardasaxvebi
sWirdeba, is ubralo rodia da jerovan zomiT arc gonivrulia.
maS ase, TavSekavebisa da TavSeukaveblobis Sesaxeb, agreTve
datkbobis da tanjvis Taobaze ukve iTqva. mogiTxreT, Tu ras
warmoadgens TiToeuli da ratomaa erTi maTgani kargi da meore
cudi. axla isRa dagvrCenia megobrobazec vilaparakoT.
1. aspasia: àqedan gamomdinare uzenaesi RmerTi maradiulad aRfrTovanebulia

erTi martivi siamovnebiT, misi arsi da buneba xom – ubraloa. raki ukve iTqva
rom siamovneba saqmianobaa, miiCnevdnen rom es moZraobis moqmedebaa, anu, es aris
moRvaweobis saqme. magram, uzenaesi RmerTi uZravia, da [aristotele] ambobs,
rom arsebobs ara marto moZraobis moqmedeba, aramed uZraobis moqmedebacaa.
radganac es moqmedeba gaxlavT saxeoba da srulqmnileba. amitomac siamovneba
ufro Zlieri gansvenebaSia vidre moqmedebaSi: yvelaze gemrieli da namdvili
siamovneba imas gaaCnia, vinc ucvleli rCeba da yoveldros srulyofilebis
mWvreteliao~ (157. 12 - 20).
208 wigni meeqvse

w i g ni m e Svi
Sv i d
dee
I
megobrobis Sesaxeb, kerZod, ra aris megobroba, rogori
megobrebi arseboben, vin aris megobari1, erTmniSvnelovnad
laparakoben megobrobaze Tu mravalmniSvnelovnad, da Tu mra-
valmetyvelad, maSin ra niSnadobiT, amasTan, rarig unda move-
pyraT megobars da raa megobrobaSi samarTlianoba, - es yovelive
yuradRebiT ganxilvas imsaxurebs. nuTu sakiTxi ase dgas, ra
moipoveba zneobis dargsa da aremareSi mSvenieri da samjobina-
rio. megobruli kavSirebi pirvel yovlisa saxelmwifos amocanaa
da viT zogierTni gvimtkiceben, zneobrioba zustad am mizniTaa
gamarTlebulio: radgan samarTlianobas erTmaneTSi arc meti
arc naklebi isini arRveven, vinac erTimeores Soris megobrobiT
Sekrulni2 ar brZandebian da saerTod, samarTlianze da usamarT-
1. `megobari~ - φίλος - es ara mxolod arsebiTi saxelia, zedsarTavicaa. ukanasknel

SemTxvevaSi aRweriTi gamoTqmebi unda gamoviyenoT. `megobrulad ganwyobili,~
`megobruli~, `megobruli damokidebuleba~, `megobroba~, - φιλία - es xalxs
urTierTpativiscemiT boWavs da kidev erTgvari `samoqalaqo statusi~, erT-
maneTTan daaxloebul adamianebs Soris ase an ise warmoqmnili grZnoba siTbosi
da siyvarulisac. aristoteleseul yvela konteqstSi erTi qarTuli sityva
`megobroba~ rom SevinarCunoT, SesaZleblad an aucileblad ar gveCveneba. ami-
tom TargmanSi Ziri `megobrisagan~ warmoebuli sxvadasxva frazebi gamoiyeneba.
2. `samarTlianobas erTmaneTSi arc meti arc naklebi isini arRveven, vinac er-
Timeores Soris megobrobiT Sekrulni ar brZandebian~ - samarTlianoba (δικαιο-
σύνη) platonis mixedviT – saxelmwifo wyobis safuZvelia, romelic politikur
erTianobas ganapirobebs. igi kosmiuri mravalferovnebis mTlianobis erTgvari
analogia. aristoteles teqstSi `samarTlianoba~ da `politika~ sinonimebia.
209
loze xSirad im dros vbaasobT, roca saqme megobrul urTier-

Tobebs Seexeba (vinc zneobrivad gveCveneba, gvgonia megobaric
namdvilad isaa, xolo TviT megobroba adamianis erTgvar eTikur
Tvisebad warmogvidgeba) da vincobaa vinme gadawyvitavs Tavis
saqmeebis samarTlianobaSi ram gadaxveva ar hqondes, igi umal
uamrav megobars gaiCens: radganac WeSmariti megobrebi usamarT-
lod erTimeores ar moeqcevian. magram isinic, visac samarTliani
vuwodeT, xom erTmaneTisadmi usamarTloni arasodes ar iqnebian,
Sesabamisad samarTlianoba da megobroba erTi da igiv gaxlavan
an erTob axlobelni erTmaneTisaTvis. amas davumatoT, mego-
broba udides keTildReobaTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba, imxanad
yvelaferze saSineli is iqneba, ar gyavdes megobari da marto iyo,
wuTisoflis SvilTa mTeli suldgma aki urTierTobebi, pirvel
yovlisa zneobriobaTa mimarTebania: saxleulebTan, naTesavebTan,
amxanagebTan, bavSvebTan, mSoblebTan, colTan dRiTi dRe mWidro
siaxloveSi vimyofebiT da aq, kerZo cxovrebaSi megobrebTan
urTierTobisaTvis rac aris gamarTlebuli, es mxolod Cemze
da Senzea damokidebuli, oRond sxva urTierTdamokidebulebani
kanonebiTaa gansazRvruli, isini CveniT ar arian gamowveuli.
Tumca, megobrobis gansazRvrebaSi bevr sirTules vawydebiT
da pirvel yovlisa imaT, zog-zogebi megobrobas garegan for-
miT da zogadad rom ganmartaven: maTi azris Tanaxmad msgavsi
sadarTan megobaria. amitomaa naTqvami
tols sworTan ukvdavni Sehyriano 1,

xom
Wka _ Wkas gverdiT, 2
qurdi qurds uaxlovdeba,
1. homeriosi, odisea. XVII, 218, nodar SaniZis Targmani.

2. Sdr. ritorika I. 137Ib. Sdr. demokrite. 68А128; 68В164; E.N., 1154а _ 1155b,
М.М., 1208b.
210 wigni meSvide

mgeli _ mgels. 1
mxolod bunebismetyvelni miiCneven, mTeli samyaros ganmk-

argulebeli kosmosis Semqmneli sawyisia, romlis Tvisebacaa
mgvani mgvans daukavSiroso, am mizeziT ambobda empedokle, ZaRli
kramitze imisTvis zis - isini erTmaneTs hgvanano2. ase, erTni
megobrobas amgvarad ganixilaven, sxvani ki amtkiceben, sapir-
ispiro sapirispirosTan megobrobas eswrafviso. yvelas ganawy-
obs megobrobisaTvis is, rac siyvaruls da gulis monadirebas
warmoSobs, Jini mSralisgan mSrals ki ar gamoiwvevs, aramed
sovels, ris gamoc Tqmula:
miwas ki notio uyvars...3 ...
anda
yoveli gardaqmnili tkbilia 4
garna `gardasaxva~ aq `sapirispiros~ gulisxmobs.
mgvani-mgvans mtrobs;
1. andazebis wyaro daudgenelia. `mgvani mgvanTan~ Svidi brZenis gamonaTqvamebis

gverdiT, erT - erTi fundamenturi faseulobaa berZnuli kulturisa, rogorc:
àraferi zedmeti~, `Seican Tavi Seni~, `SromismoyvareobaSi yvelaferia~, ix.
diogene laerteli, `cnobili filosofosebis cxovreba da gamonaTqvamebi~
I, 33 - 105.
2. empedokle, 31А20 а. Sdr. m. m. 1208b. E.N., 1155b5 - 10.
3. Sdr. E.N. VIII, 1155b 1 - 5, sadac rogorc evripides kuTvnili, ufro vrceli
winadadebaa moyvanili: `gamomSral miwis vneba wvimaa, xolo wvimiT savse
brwyinvale cis Jinia miwas daawvimos~
4. evripide. orestea, 234, Sdr. E.N. VII, 1154b28-31.
wigni meSvide 211

gana meTunes meTunis Surs 1 ...
is mxecebic, romelTac erTnairi saWmeli aqvT, mainc Cxubo-

ben. ai ase urTierTsawinaaRmdegoa es varaudebi. erTni fiqroben
esden mgvani megobaria, sapirispiro - mteriao.
sadac metia da naklebia iq sul omia,

es arsebobac yoveldRiuri mtroba ufroa, cxovreba ro-
dia?! 2
sawinaaRmdego diaRac sapirispirosagan alag - alag ganrine-

bulia da ranairadac miiCneven, megobroba maTi SemakavSirebelia.
vieTni asabuTeben, megobrobisken sawinaaRmdegoni midrekilano
da heraklitec sayvedurobs poets romelmac brZana:
de RmerTebisgan da mokvdavTagan moispos mtrobao! 3...
vinaidan ar iqneboda harmonia, vinZlo ar gveqneboda Zlieri

da susti bgera, ragvaradac ar viqnebodiT cocxali arsebani
ori mopirispire - qalur da kacur sawyisebis gareSe.
es ori mosazereba srulad da mTlianad erTmaneTisagan
erTob daSorebulia. aris sxva varaudebic, romelnic axlos
sufeven imasTan, rasac Cven Cveulebriv vxedavT da sicxades
srulad eTanxmebian. pirvelebs ver warmoudgeniaT viTar
SeiZleba cudi adamis Svilebi erTmaneTs emegobrebodnen,
mainc - mxolodRa kargebi, meoreTaTvis abdaubdaa varaudi,
TiTqos dasaSvebia dedebs Svilebi ar uyvardeT, (kidevac Sesa-
1. hesiode. samuSaoni da dReni, 25, nodar SaniZis Targmani.

2. evripide. finikieli qalebi. 539 - 540.
3. homerosi, iliada, XVIII, 107, Targmna nodar SaniZem, heraklite, fr. 22А22.
212 wigni meSvide

Zloa davinaxoT, ase Tu ise cxovelebsac msgavsi erTguleba

axasiaTebT, raxan maT TavianTi naSierisaTvis Tavganwirvac
SeuZliaT); mesameni Tvlian, megobrul siyvarulis safuZvelSi1
martooden sasargeblo Zevso. sabuTi isaa, yvela amas dasdevs,
usargeblos ki Tavidan wydebian, (viT sokrate sibereSi2 am-
bobda, vafurTxebT nerwyvs, viWriT Tmas Tu frCxils) Cven
miT CvenTvis urgeb nawilebs viSorebT da bolos Tavad gvams,
rodesac is kvdeba, rakiRa mkvdari gamousadegariao. (Tuki
isini raimeTi sasargebloni iqnebian, im dros maT ise ufrTx-
ildebian rogoradac egvipteSi3), TumcaRa es yvelaferi, ra-
sac Cveni TvaliT vxedavT, erTmaneTTan ver Tanxmdeba. mgvani
msgavsisTvis rogorc viciT usargebloa, mxolod sapirispi-
rooba da minamsgavsoba erTmaneTisagan erTob daSorebulan da
sawinaaRmdegoc uaRresad araxelsayrelia, raki sapirispiro
sawinaaRmdegosTvis damRupvelia. garda amisa, iqneba vinmes
moeCvenos, viTom megobrebis SeZena advilia, sxva ki fiqrobs,
amfsons erTob Znelad Seicnobo, da saerTod is WirSi gamoic-
noba (vinaTgan keTildRiani ZmabiWebiT garSemortymul kacad
iTvleba). moiZebnebian iseTnic, romelnic miiCneven, TiTqos
dauSvebelia imaTic gjeravdes, vinac ubedurebis dros gvSve-
lis da daxmarebis xels gviwvdis, rameTu isinic cruoben
da TvalTmaqcoben, gansacdelSi TanadgomiT Sen Zmakacobas
moipoveben im dRisTvis, ra drosac bedniereba kvlav Semogi-
brundebao.
1. Sdr. platoni. klitofonti, 409сl

2. ix. qsenofonte. mogonebebi sokrateze, 1, 2, 53 _ 54. Sdr. m. m. 1200b25.
3. ix. herodote 11, 86, agreTve platoni, fedoni 80 с.
wigni meSvide 213

II
maS ase, saWiroa iseTi gansazRvreba SevadginoT, romelic
sakiTxs yvelaze ufro cxadyofs, amis garda garTulebebs da
winaaRmdegobebs gadawyvets. es moxdeba, Tu rom SekamaTebul
msjelobebSi saRi azri gamoaSkaravdeba, viTarmed movlenebs
metnaklebad mxolod da mxolod amgvari ganmarteba Seefereba.
amnair gamijvnisas sapirispiro mtkicebulebaTa Senaxva gvixdeba,
vai Tu maTSi raime WeSmaritebas Sesabameba, da raRac ara.
garTulebebi am mizeziTac arsebobs, siamovneba Zevs ukeTu
keTildReoba megobrul kavSiris safanlad. vincobaa amfsoni-
saken Cven Jini migvdreks, mxolodRa survilTagan uZlieresi
- siyvarulia, (radgan arsad
megobruli grZnobis gareSe siyvaruli ar gagonila?! 1
dia gulisTmas siamovneba Tandevs, am SemTxvevaSi tol - amx-

anagoba siamtkbilobaze iqneba dafuZnebuli, egeba, Segnebuli
upiratesobiT Cven mxolod Zma - biWobaSi vxelmZRvanelobT,
gamodis, Zma - kacoba narCev keTildReobaze yofila damyarebuli;
saaamuroba da dRekeTiloba - diaRac erTi da igive ar aris.
mere, rarig aq, iseve msgavs rameebis dros gvevaleba sazRvari
davdoT, Tavwyarod Semdegi unda aviRoT. aseTi viTarebaa, mim-
zidveli da sasurveli an keTildReobaa, anda is, raic dRekeTi-
loba gvgonia. amitomacaa momxiblavi sasiamovno, isic aki raRac
netarebad gvevlineba, - kidevac, erTni gamoTqvamen ram azrs amis
Sesaxeb, sxvani miT kmayofildebian, rac maT eCvenebaT, rodesac
saTanado zraxva ara aqvT: raxan sulSi warmosaxva da ganzraxva
1. evripide. troeli qalebi, 1051, tragediis konteqsti moyvanili leqsis cota

sxagvar gaazrebas gulisxmobs: `sayvareli gana erTia, an maradisi megobari
igi rodia?! ~ anda àr uyvars imas, visac saukunod ar uyvars~. ix. evripides
tragediebi. t II. С. 662.
214 wigni meSvide

cal - calke imyofebian1, mokled, radganac yonaRur siyvaruls

kargi, aseve saamo cxovreba rom gamoiwvevs, es savsebiT naTelia.
ganvsazRvravT ra ase, gvmarTebs sxva mosazrebac gaviziaroT.
garemoeba amgvaria, keTildReobaTagan erTi ubralod dRekeTi-
lobaa, xolo meore - keTildReobaa vinmesTvis, TavisTavadi
keTildReoba - ar arsebobs. magram damoukideblad keTildReoba
da damoukidebladve saamebeli erTi da igiveni arian. gana is,
ranairadac Cven vamtkicebT, raic janmrTeli sxeulisaTvis
margebelia, saerTod keTildReobaa calarsad gvamisTvis, oden
rac margebelia sneuli organizmisTvis, igi jansaRi TbesTvis
Sesargi rodia, nimuSad wamali Tu dakuwva. amrigad, ubralod
saamuri Tavad tanisTvis TavisTavad - es isaa, raic sasiamovnoa
janmrTeli da dauzianebeli organizmisaTvis, magaliTad, xe-
davdes sinaTleSi da raimes danaxvas sibneleSi ar cdilobdes,
imJamad, ros TvalmtkivanisTvis - piriqiTaa. Rvinoc TiTqos gana
mas metad siamovnebs, romlis yelic loTobiTaa gaficxebuli,
vinaidan mebruveni masSi Zmars ureven, mainc xom imas, visac
gemovneba ar waxdomia. msgavsad amisa, vmsjelobT sulisTvis
saamosa da sasargebloze: ar viviwyebT bavSvebsa da mxecebs, da
miuxedavad am yovelivesi arCevanSi zrdasruli kacis Svilis
namjobinebiT vxelmZRvanelobT da ara mozardis an cxovelis.
ragvaradac balRi da mxeci asakovan kacxorciels epyroba, aseve
susti da Seugnebeli eqceva - zrdilobians da keTilgoniers.
maTTvis TiTqos sasiamovnoa is, rac maT Tvisebas pasuxobs da
keTildReoba da mSveniereba zedmiwevniT aqaa sagulvebeli.
ase rom, raxan keTildReobaze sxvadasxva mosazrebaa (raki,
erTze ragvaradac vambobT `dRekeTilobaze~ viT TavisTavad
keTildReobaze da meoreze – imad, ragvar igi xelsayrelia an
gamosadegiao), mas Semdeg sasiamovnozec `Cveulebriv saamebeli~
iTqmeba, raic ubralod TavisTavad kargia, TiTqos saamurze vi-
1. ix. sulis Sesaxeb. III, 428а, 429а.
wigni meSvide 215

RacisaTvis, romelic moCvenebiTi sikeTe gaxlavT; sityvaze, Cven

ar gvekrZaleba ganvicadoT kerZod siyvaruli raime usulosadmi,
mas upiratesoba mivaniWoT, oRond, odes saqme mokvdavs Seexeba?
megobrulad erTi kacis mimarT imisaTvis keTilganewyobian,
rakiRa iseTia, rogoric gaxlavs da kidev misi sikeTisaTvis,
gareSeTadmi – im mizeziT, ramenairad misgan sargebels elian,
ucxosadmi imad, vinaidan is sandomiania anu siamovnebisaTvis.
SeniSneT, tolamxanagurad miwis Svili imxanadaa keTilganwyo-
bili, ra drosac is amfsonur siamtkbilobas urTierTmegobro-
biT pasuxobs da es ar unda daaviwydes mas, vinc tolbiWobaze
ilaparakebs.
amrigad, Cven iZulebulni varT vaRiaroT, ZmabiWoba samsax-
ovania, TumcaRa ki, ara viTar cal-calke aRebuli saxeobebi da
aramc da aramc rogorc juri erTi warmoSobisa, mainc kidevac,
arcaRa viT marto omonimebi1. vinaTgan, romelime maTgani pirveli
iqneba da Zmakacobad ganisazRvreba, rarig magaliTisTvis eqi-
mis xelovnebis ganmartebis dros. sityva `mkurnals~ Cven gana
sulsac davurTavT xolme, sxeulsac, iaraRsac da moqmedebasac,
mainc, mTavari pirveli iqneba. garna, pirveli isaa, ris mimarTac
Cven, viTarmed arsiT amgvarisa gansazRvreba gagvaCnia. sanimuSod,
rawamsac ganmkurnebel iaraRze vlaparakobT, imas vgulisxmobT,
eqimi rom iyenebs, dastaqaris cnebis gansazRvra misi xelsawyos
ganmarteba ar aris. ase, upirvelesi yvelgan gamoiZebneba da,
rameTu, pirveli _ saerToa, xdeba xolme, raJams sazogados
meerTed miiCneven, es ki arasworia. Sesabamisad Zmad Sezrdilobis
gansazRvrebas ar SeuZlia yvelaferi daitios, rasac yonaRoba
1. òmonimebze~ aristotele maSin laparakobs, rodesac sityvis ori mniSvneloba

erT gansazRvrebas ar emorCileba. ix. `kategoriebi~, I lа6: èrTsaxelovnad
is nivTebi iwodebian, romelTac mxolod erTnairi saxelwodeba aqvT da am
saxelis Sesabamisi arsi ki sxvadasxva, mag. ζῶον (cocxali) adamiansac aRniSnavs
da suraTsac (ζωγραφία. _ berZnulidan gadamRereba).
216 wigni meSvide

hqvia. rodesac erTi ganmarteba yvela SemTxvevas ar moicavs,

kacni ver gamoTqvamen mzaobas aRiaron, romeliRac sxva mego-
bruli kavSirebic arsebobso, amfsonobis arsis gansazRvrisTvis
Seuferebeli, igini ki arsebiTad sxvanairad moipovebian; ase,
isini, visac pirveli tolamxanagoba srulebiT unda moenTos,
viTarmed igi pirvelia, tolbiWobad ar miiCneven imas, rac ar
ganimarteba da amboben, es ukve raRac sxvaao. sinamdvileSi ki
ZmabiWobis nairsaxeoba bevria, yovel SemTxvevisTvis Cven ukve
vilaparakeT, am sityvis gamoyenebis dros odes Sesabamisad,
Zmakacobis sami juri gavmijneT. Cemi, Seni da sxvaTa gansaz-
Rvrebis mixedviT erTi _ keTildReobazea dafuZnebuli, meore
_ sargebelze, mesame _ siamovnebaze.
ase, am samidan ufrosRa gavrcelebuli sargeblobaze dam-
kvidrebuli Zmad Sezrdilobaa (radgan erTmaneTis gadabmuli
yonaRebi isini brZandebian, vinac erTmaneTisTvis sasargebloni
arian, da iseTad, rogorc amas andaza gveubneba:
glavkusi _ omSi Tanamosagre,

viT megobari, meomaric iseTi gaxldaT.1
da
megarel kacebs veRar cnoben aTeneli mamakacebi2),
siamovnebaze damyarebuli megobroba ufrore axalgazrdebisT-

visaa damaxasiaTebeli (maTTvis grZnoba Zalze bevrs niSnavs, amis
Sedegad ymawvilTa amfsonoba cvalebadia, asakTan maT xasiaTi da
masTan erTad amebis Sesaxeb Sexedulebebic ecvlebaT), is amxanagoba
ki, romelic zneobas efuZneba, saukveTeso adamianebis tolbiWobaa.
aqedan cxadia, pirveli tolamxanagoba urTierTmoyvaru-
1. citata-fragmenti romelic arqiloqes miewereba. Sdr. E.N. VIII, 1156а.

2. citatis wyaro daudgenelia, iseve rogorc masSi moxmobili istoriuli
ambebi.
wigni meSvide 217

lobaa zneobrivi xalxisa da urTierTisTvis im upiratesobis

miniWebaa, romelsac erTmaneTs miageben. radganac ZmabiWur SeT-
visebas moyvaruli sayvarelSi iwvevs, mxolod, Zmakaci isaa, vinc
Zvirfasia da SexmatkbilebiTve gpasuxobs. saWiroa iTqvas, aseTi
Zmad Sezrdiloba marToden ZexorcielebSi arsebobs (vinaTgan mx-
olod adamianTaTvisaa cnobili Segnebuli upiratesobis boZeba;
sxva rjulis erTgulebani mxecebsac axasiaTebT, sargebelis
momlodineni rarig Cans xelSi asayvani cxovelebia, isini ranai-
radac adamis Svilebis, aseve erTmaneTTan mimarTebiTac aseTni
arian. vTqvaT, herodote mogviTxrobs, boloqanqara niangTan
megobrobso1, agreTve winaswarmetyvelebis momaswavebel niSnad
ganixilaven imas, rom Ciorebi erTad ikribebian an cal - calke2
Camosxdebian. garda amisa, savsebiT SesaZlebelia sargebelis
an siamovnebis mizniT erTmaneTTan ukeTuri kacis Svilebic
Semegobrdnen. isini ki, vinac mxolodRa pirvel amfsonobas
cnoben, maT saerTod ar Tvlian tolamxanagebad, rameTu pirve-
limegobroba imaTze ar vrceldeba. amgvarad, uvargisi kaci cud
adamians usamarTlod moeqceva, mxolodRa erTurTis mimarT
umarTloba maT Soris ZmabiWur urTierTobebs ver warmoSobs,
Tu maTSi pirveli Zmakaci ar aRiZvreba, ra drosac araferi ar
uSlis xels erTmaneTSi sxva gvaris Zmad Sezrdiloba hqondeT.
vincobaa siamovneba SeakavSirebT, isini urTierT wyenasac ai-
tanen, viT es TavSeukavebel kacxorcielebs sCveviaT; amnairad,
romelnic erTimeoresTan datkbobis gulisTvis megobroben,
mkacri sizustis Tavgamodebul damcvelTa azriT yonaRebad ver
CaiTvlebian, vinaidan es ar gaxlavs pirvelmegobroba, is xom
1. ix, herodote. istoria II.. 68. Sdr. aristotele, cxovelebis istoria IX, 45.
2. ix. esqile. mijaWvuli promeTe. 488 _ 492. nodar SaniZis Targmani.. mokauWe-
bul Wangis mqone mtacebel frinvelT me ganvumarte: vinaa qveynad bednieri,
vin ubeduri. me maTi TiTqmis yvela wesi: ras miirTmeven, rogor uyvarT anda
gundebad rogor mravldebian _ gamovikvlie.
218 wigni meSvide

gamZlea, amaT ki myari megobroba ara aqvT. dabolos ragvaradac

iTqva, isinic amfsonoben, Tumca pirvel tolamxanagobiT rodi,
aramed masTan axlos mdgomiT. Tu rom megobrad im erTaderTi
gagebiT vaRiarebT, es sicxadis mimarT Zalmomreoba iqneba da
Cven iZulebulni gavxdebiT, saerTo azris SevewinaaRmdegoT,
mamtkicebelni imisa, TiTqos erT gvaris ganmartebebs ar Za-
luZT yoveli moicvan, rasac megobroba ewodebao. gvrCeba aseTi
gadawyvetileba: moipoveba erTi, erTaderTi pirvelmegobroba,
raic sxvagvar megobrobaTa arsebobas ar gamoricxavs, ara
ubralod masTan omonimuris, da Tumc erTmaneTs ar hgvanan, mainc
erTimeoresTan daaxloebulni arian.
Semdgom, raxan ubralod keTildReoba da Cveulebriv saamuri
erTi da igivea da erTad ikribebian, Tu ramem xeli ar SeuSalaT,
imdros WeSmariti megobari TavisTavad martivad megobaria (es
aucileblad asec unda iyos, raki vincobaa miviCnevT, dRekeTilo-
bani TviTmyofadad arsebobeno, im SemTxvevaSi igi aucileblad
namjobinebi darCeba), mas Semdeg es WeSmariti megobari zogadad
damoukidebladac saamebeli iqneba. am mizeziTaa, yvela megobari,
ranairic ar unda iyos igi, amod gveCveneba.
mere, ai kidev ris gamijvna gvevaleba: arsebobs azrTa uTanx-
moeba imis gamoisobiT, iwvevs ki megobruli keTilganwyobileba
ubralod keTildReobas an iqneb keTildReobas vinmesTvis da
agreTve, dakavSirebulia netav megobruli siyvaruli TviT Ta-
visi energiiT1 siamovnebasTan, ris Sedegadac Cven guls izidavs
is, rasac verTgulebT _ Tu ara. orTav kiTxva erTsa da imaves
unda SevaxvedroT: xom, is, rac TavisTavad keTildReoba araa,
1. ènergia~ (ὲνέργεια) - aristoteles sityva, niSnavs realizebul arss, eTikur

konteqstSi umeteswilad iTargmneba rogorc `moRvaweoba~ an `sinamdvile~,
metafizikis konteqstSi ènergia~ `SesaZleblobas~ an ùnars~ (δύναμις) up-
irispirdeba. am SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebuli sityva rogorc àrsis~ aseve `sinamd-
vilis~ mniSvnelobas inarCunebs. anu imas, rac Cven Tvalwin xdeba da keTdeba.
wigni meSvide 219

dabolos xandaxan cudicaa, mas yvela SemTxvevaSi saWiroa

gavurbodeT; aki, igi, raic vinmesTvis dRekeTilobad ar aris
sagulvebeli, maSin is misTvis arc arafers ar niSnavs. Tumca
swored es - ìs~ zustad igia, rasac Cven veZebT: damoukideblad
dRekeTiloba marTlac aseTi saxiT aris dRekeTiloba. rakiRa,
TumcaRa gvmarTebs TavisTavadi keTildReoba vamjobinoT,
vinaTgan yovelisaTvis is svesvianobaa samjobinari, romelic
misTvisaa gankuTvnili, es ki unda SeTanxmebul iyos. TavisTavadi
keTildReobis arCevas zneoba gvaswavlis, da politikac im-
isaTvis arsebobs, raTa saTnoeba gauCndeT imaT, visac ara aqvs.
Zexorcieli ki keTilganwyobili da winmswrafi arsebaa (vinaidan
misTvis misiv bunebis Tanaxmad dRekeTiloba ubralod TviTmyo-
fadi netarebaa), amasTan mamakaci qalze win midis, ise rogorc
brge kaci uTvaltanados winare, mxolod gza _ siamovnebaze
gadis: radganac aucilebelia mSvenieri amo iyos. rodesac es
araTanmimdevrulia, miwis Svilic TiTqos mTlad kargi veraa,
vinaidan rarig Cans aq TavSeukavebloba Caereva _ namdvilad
esaa daSoriSoreba keTildReobisa sasiamovnosagan iq, sadac
vnebebze vsaubrobT.
amgvarad, raxan pirvelmegobroba zneobriobas emyareba,
mis mier SekavSirebuli megobrebic ubralod patiosani ada-
mianebi iqnebian, mainc aki es imis gamo rodi xdeba, rom saTno
xalxi sasargeblonic brZandebian, aramed sxvagvarad: vinaTgan
ori gansxvavebuli mniSvnelobaa _ dRekeTiloba vinmesTvis
da keTildReoba TavisTavad. es ki rarig sasargeblos, aseve
Tvisebas erTnairad ganekuTvneba. diaRac, ubralod TavisTavad
margebeli sul sxva saqmea, sxvaa kidev, ros ram mSveniers ro-
gorc wamals ise viyenebT. asevea is niSandobliobac, romelic
mokvdavis saTnoebaa. dauSvaT es zniT rigiani kacxorcielTagani
iqneba, raki saTnoeba bunebiT kargi adamis Svilisa ubralod
TviTmyofadi keTildReobaa, xolo zneoba uvargisi xasiaTis
mqone kacis Svilisa _ dRekeTilobaa vinmesTvis. amis msgavsadaa
220 wigni meSvide

saqme siamovnebasTanac. Cveni amosavalic esaa, xams ganvixiloT

arsebobs Tu ara megobroba tkbobis gareSe da aris Tu ara sx-
vaoba, - da megobrobaze sityvis Camogdeba romel SemTxvevaSi
SegvSvenis, - rawamsac saTno megobars veZebT, sasiamovno romc
ar iyos is, an radResac arasasiamovno adamians vumegobrdebiT,
magram araviTar SemTxvevaSi saTnoebisTvis. aserigad, vinZlo
megobrobaze orazrovnad saubars gavmarTavT, ismis kiTxva, mosa-
lodnelia ki sinamdvileSi keTildReoba siamovneba mouklebeli
aRmoCndes? cxadia, viT mecnierebaSi axali dakvirvebebi an mix-
vedrebi gvasiamovnebs, asevea axloblebTan urTierToba, cnoba
da gacnoba, - erTsa da meore ambavSi axsna erTia. amisdamixed-
viT, bunebiT ubralod keTildReoba Cveulebriv sasiamovnocaa,
oRond dRekeTiloba vinmesTvis maTTvisve saamuria. amitomaa
mgvani mgvaniT xarobs da adamis SvilisTvis yvelaze ufro amo
meore kacis Svilia. rakiRa, Tu Cveulebrivi kacxorcielisT-
vis es asea, araferi gvaqvs saTqmeli miwis Svilze, aRvsebulze
yovelgvar srulyofilebiT; lazaTiani kaci ki - srulqmnili
Zexorcielia.
ukeTu megobroba marTlac ar arsebobs siamtkbilobis gareSe
da erTmaneTTan nacnobobis mizeziT urTierTisadmi upiratesobis
miniWebaSi gamoixateba, im dros, cxadia, saerTod pirvelmego-
broba ubralod svesvianobaTa da saameblobaTa urTierTmjobine-
baa, vinaTgan netareba da maameblobaa. TviT amgvari megobroba
ki aris Tviseba, romelsac es upiratesoba gansazRvravs. rameTu
misi saqme - sinamdvilea, Tavad is garegan rodia, mainc yvelaze
sayvarel megobarSia, roca yovelgvari SesaZlebloba - gareTaa
viTarmed an sxvaSia anda [aRebulSi rogorc] gareSeSi. amadac,
megobrebi imisaTvisaa raTa vimxiaruloT da ara imad, rogorme
urTierTsiyvaruls gamovrCeT. xom megobruli gunebaganwyo-
bilebiT sargebloba - es sicxadea imisa, visac megobrebi hyavs,
garna megobruli siyvarulis gancda - megobrobis realobaa,
sulieri arsebisaTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli da pirvelia, rode-
wigni meSvide 221
sac meore egeb usulo rameebis mimarTac iyos SesaZlebeli.

aki mkvdari sagnebic uyvarT. mxolod, radgan megobruli gune-
baganwyobileba sinamdvileSi megobris erTgulebaa, radganac is
megobaria, TviT megobaric sargeblobs megobris keTilganwyobiT
vinaidan megobaria, da ara imisTvis, vinaTgan is musikosia an
eqimia, imxanad siamovneba ranairadac Cans misgan warmoiSveba,
raxan iseTia ragvaric aris, ai esaa megobrobiT siamovneba. gana
megobroben vinmesTan im mizeziT rom igia da ara sxva vinme. Sem-
dgom, vinZlo zneobrivi mokvdavi megobars Tavisi saTnoebiT ar
axarebs, es ar aris pirveli megobroba da veraferma SemTxveviTma
ver unda SeuSalos xeli arxeinad cxovrebiT tkbobas. dabolos,
vai Tu cudi suni mogvdis, maSin1? mas Semdeg ai ra: rom gviyvar-
des vinme da misTvis sikeTe gvsurdes, amisaTvis Tanacxovreba
sulac ar aris aucilebeli.
aseTia pirveli megobroba, romelsac yvela eTanxmeba, sxva
megobrobani hai - hai am pirvelTan Sedarebis da mixedviT fas-
debian da am dapirispirebis gamo saeWvoni xdebian. esden, mego-
broba raRac uryevad warmogvidgeba, myari ki marto pirveli
megobrobaa. ucveTi TiTqos isaa, rac Segnebul gadawyvetidan
momdinareobs da raic uceb da iolad ar warmoiSveba, swor da
marTebul gadawyvetilebas is ayalibebs. mtkice megobroba min-
dobis gareSe ar gagonila, mainc TiTqos ndobas dro dasWirdeba.
aq gamocdilebaa aucilebeli, ranairadac Teognide gveubneba:
qalis, gind kacis suls Seicnob maSin rodesac

Sen maT gamoscdi rogorc xari mZime uRlis qveS! 2.
aseve megobari droisgan gamoucdelad ar gvegulvis, Tum-

caRa ki garSemo xalxi xalisianad megobrobs da TavianTi amgvari
1. Sdr. politika 1311 b 34.

2. Teognide. 125 – 126.
222 wigni meSvide

mdgomareoba maT megobroba SecdomiT hgoniaT. TiTqos, rodesac

adamianebs aqvT keTili ganzraxva megobrobisa da erTurTis
Sewevnisa, viT es megobrobaSia, im dros isini kidevac miiCneven,
dia mxolod da mxolod megobrul gunebas avlenen, mainc xom
namdvili megobrebi gaxlavan. diaRac xdeba ase, rogoradac sxva
saqmeebSi, agreTve megobrobaSi: kidevac marto wadili sakmarisi
ki ar aris janmrTeli iyo, Sesabamisad yoveli, visac megobrobis
survili gauCndeba, megobrad ver CaiTvleba. aviRoT Tundac
amgvari magaliTi: ra drosac Sesaferisi ganwyobileba gamoc-
dilebiT veraa gamagrebuli, aseT megobrebs erTmaneTze ciliT
iolad wahkideb; vinc megobrobaSi mravalWirgadaxdilia, maTze
ciliswameba ar Wris, mxolodRa Tu imoqmedebs, imJamad saWiroa
damarwmunebeli mtkicebulebebi arsebobdes1. amasTan cxadia, nam-
dvili megobroba mosuleloebs ara aqvT; rakiRa suleli undoa
da yvelafers eWviT uyurebs, sxvebsac Tavisi sazomiT zomavs.
imav mizeziT zneobrivi xalxi advilad mosatyuebelia Tuki isini
CveviT ar iqnebian SeiaraRebulni - vinmes metismetad rom ar
endon. uxeiro adamis Svilni megobrisaTvis im keTildReobebs
amjobineben, romelnic bunebisagan gveZleva da arcerTi maTgani
metad ar gierTgulebs, vidre misTvis sargebliani iqneba. Sesa-
bamisad isini ver imegobreben. maT kidevac ise ar gamosdiT, ros
megobrebs yvelaferi saerTo aqvT2, vinaTgan aq megobari misTvis
sarfian saqmeebs epareba, da ara saqmeni - megobrebs.
swored, pirvelmegobroba kacis Svils mraval megobars ver
gauCens, rameTu, kacxorcielTa gamocdilebiT Secnoba - Znelia:
ase TiToeulis siaxloves mTeli cxovreba unda gagvetarebina.
1. Sdr. ritorika III. 1416а36, aseve esqile, àgamemnoni~ 315.

2. berZ. κοινἁ τὰ φίλων - gamonaTqvami iqca andazad, romelic piTagoras miew-
ereba (diogene laerteli VII, 10). ix. platoni, lisisi, 207 gv. fedra, 219
gv. gorgia 507 gv. Sdr, marcialis epigramebi, II, 43, ix, agreTve porfiriusi,
piTagoras cxovreba, 33.
wigni meSvide 223

megobars aki ver SearCev ise rogorc kabas: miuxedavad amisa,

miwis Svili oridan ukveTess irCevs da Tu rom mravalwlovani
uaresi hyavs, amjobinebs marTlac is odindeli uyvardes da
mas uerTgulos, uwindeli megobari axaliT ar Secvalos,
romelsac ar icnobs, es axalTaxali de ukveTesic iyos; megobars
TiTqos gamocdilebis gareSe ver gamoicnob, arc erT dReSi
megobrdebian, megobrobas dro sWirdeba. amis gamo gveubneba
andaza: simarTles sami fuTi marilic ver gagimJRavnebso1; xolo
megobari ara marto netareba unda iyves, aramed hmarTebs SenT-
vis iyos keTildReoba, dastur, ukeTu is Seni megobari iqneba.
viTarmed bunebrivad patiosani keTilsindisierebis mizeziT
TavisTavadia, megobari ki imad, vinaidan - viRacisTvisaa saTno;
ubralod zneobrivic agreTve megobaria, radgan isini orTaveni
erTmaneTs ewyobian, ris Sedegadac Zaldautanebeli keTildReoba
sxvisTvisac gancxromaa, rogorme kargi mokvdavisaTvis Tundac
raRac ar iqneba martivad dRekeTiloba, magram igi sxvisTvis
netarebad darCeba, rameTu sasargebloa. oRond bevrTan gqondes
megobruli keTilganwyoba da giyvardes isini saZneloa, radganac
erTdroulad mravalis daxmareba da Sewevna yvelas rodi ZaluZs.
diaRac, aqedan cxadia zustad miiCneven, megobroba - saimedo
kacTa xvedriao, ranairadac marTlad Tqmula gancxroma - TviT-
kmayofilTa bediao:
avladideba rodia sando – magram buneba. 2
(umjobesia vinZlo vityviT, svesvianoba bunebaze [saimedoa]

da agreTve, xani gviCvenebs vinaa Cveni megobari, ase gvauwyebs
1. andazis wyaro daudgenelia.

2. savaraudod fragmenti evripides erT - erTi dakarguli dramidan.
224 wigni meSvide

dro uwinaresad gansacdelTa Jams, manam keTildReobaTa1.

vinaidan, mas Semdeg gamoirkveva, marTlac yvelaferi saerTo
aqvT Tu ara megobrebs (raxan, marToden isini irCeven Zexorciels
bunebriv dRekeTilobaTa da namdvil ukeTurebaTa sanacvlod,
romlebTanac bedniereba da ubedurebaa dakavSirebuli,
bedSavobisgan gaqceulni amjobineben bednierebis magier
megobari hyavdeT); garna xifaTi yovelTvis migvaswavlis vin
aris namdvili megobari da vin - SemTxveviTi, raki megobrobaSi
sargebels eZeben. erTsac da meoresac dro gamoavlens, amasTan,
xeiris mZebneli Tavs arc ise male amJRavnebs - viT siamovnebis
maZebari kaci. adamisSvilebi an Rvinos emgvanebian anda xorags:
maTi sasiamovno gemo maleve vlindeba, mxolod, gava dro da
xedaven, raRac daiSrita, mcireodeni damJavda, - kacni ase
arian. rakiRa, sinamdvileSi tkbili ra aris, TavisTavad, droTa
ganmavlobaSi, vadis da mixedviT irkveva. aq bevri dagveTanxmeba,
esden mxolod aRsrulebis msgavsad ar sjian, ranairadac
sasmelze amboben `waimotkbovebso~, SemdegSi igi tkbili aRar
aris, dasawyisSi gveCveneba da vtyuvdebiT, oRond ara Tavisi
mTeli gamosacdeli vadis ganmavlobaSi.
maS ase, pirvelmegobroba, romlsac ganmartaven da misgan
sxvas yvelafers iReben, zneobriobazea dafuZnebuli da saT-
noebidan gamomdinare siamovnebasTanaa dakavSirebuli, vinaTgan
uwin iTqva; sxva megobrobani bavSvebsac aqvT, mxecebsac da cud
adamianebsac. amis gamoa Tqmuli:
sandomiani tolisaTvis Tanatolia 2 da

Sters mosulelo siamovnebiT ekvris. 3
1. prozauli gadmocema oidiposis monologisa sofokles tragediidan òidi-

pos mefe~, 604 - 617.
2. popularuli gamonaTqvami Sdr. e. n. 1161b34 da `ritorika~, 1, 1371b15. Sdr.
4 SeniSvna.
3. b. m. m. aristotele amav leqss rogorc evripides dawerils ise imowmebs.
wigni meSvide 225

ase rom, miRebulia azri, TiTqos uxeiro kacis Svilni erTma-

neTisaTvis sasiamovnoni im mizeziT rodi brZandebian, rom isini
oriveni cudebi arian, an ase Tu ise, aramed, saxeldobr, orTav
momReralia, an erTi momReralia, meore ki kargad mReris da am-
rigad yvela raRac keTildReobis mflobelia, igini erTimeores
erTgvar harmoniiT Seewyobian; amasTan, ugvano kacxorcielnic
SesaZloa erTurTs sWirdebodnen da erTurTisaTvis sasarge-
bloni gamodgnen, ucxadesia, ara sinamdvileSi, mainc Tanaxmad
erTmaneTisaTvis upiratesobis miniWebiT da xdeba xolme, es
yovelivec arafer SuaSia. iqneb moxdes, zrdili miwis Svili
ukeTur kacs daumegobrdes. dasaSvebia man is ram sargebelis
sababiT amjobinos, mosalodnelia, vTqvaT cudi adamiani wesiers
raRac viTarebaSi gamoadges, mxolodRa rigiani TavSeukavebels
moewonos misi imwamieri axirebis mizeziT anda saerTod ugvan
momakvdavs mis bunebis raime Tvisebis gamo; saerTod, keTildReo-
bani TavisTavad sawadelnia, odes isini ubralod keTildReoba-
nia, viRacisTvis dRekeTilobani vinmes varaudiT ganisazRvreba,
rom imaT ZaluZT Raribis an avadmyofis daxmareba da es SeiZleba
kidevac TavisTavad keTildReobebad CaiTvalos, nimuSad, wamlis
miReba, TumcaRa isini damoukideblad sanukvarni ki ar gaxlavan,
mainc xom maTgan danagulveb sargeblianobis wyalobiT. aris
agreTve zogierTi garemoebanic, romelTa Tanaxmadac SesaZloa
ara marto gvariani mokvdavni Semegobrdnen. ase, viRac sasiamovno
iqneba ara Tavis ugvanobis, mxolodRa raRac saerTos mizeziT,
nimuSad, vincobaa is musikosia. garda amisa, SeiZleba vinme
saamo imad iyos, vinZlo igi yvelas mier wesierad iTvlebodes -
Tavaziani xalxi kargi adamianisTvisac lmobier adamianebad am
mizeziT miiCnevian. bolos da bolos yvelasTan Segueba SeuZliaT,
Tavisi doza keTildReobisa xom yvelas moepoveba.
(l209b36).
226 wigni meSvide

III
amnairad, arsebobs zemoT aRwerili sami megobroba: TiToeul
maTganSi megobroba erTgvar Tanasworobad moiazreba. amasTan
zneobriobis niSniT Semegobrebulebs raRac Tanabari siqvele
gaaCniaT, raic orives megobrobisaTvis agulianebs. maT Soris
sxvaoba upiratesobaa, sityvaze, RmerTis saTnoeba Zexorcieli-
sadmi. rameTu es ukve sul sxva saxeobaa megobrobisa da kerZod
nebismier xelmZRvanelisa xelqveiTisadmi da samarTlianobac
aq sul sxvaa, viTarmed mdgomareobs TanasworobaSi msgavsebis-
nairad da ara ricxvis mixedviT. megobrobis es gvari mama Svils
erTmaneTSi konavs, keTilismyofels da keTilissamyofels.
aqac mxareebs Soris gansxvavebaa: mamas da Svils aki sxvagvari
megobroba aqvT da - cols da qmars kidev sxvafrivi; pirvel
SemTxvevaSi ufrosi da xelqveiTia, meore ambavSi ki mwyalobeli
da nawyalobevia. am megobrul kavSirebSi an saerTod ar aris
adgili urTierTgrZnobisaTvis, anda moyvanil grZnobebs Soris
Tanasworoba ar arsebobs. diaRac sasaciloa RmerTis gakicxva,
raki igi siyvaruliTve ise ar gpasuxobs, ragvar ufrosi an say-
vareli, rac xelqveiTis siyvaruls ver Seedreba. radgan xvedri
xelmZRvanelisa - megobruli ganwyobis niSnebis miRebaa da ara
maTi ganiaveba, dia ukeTu megobrul siTbos vuCvenebT, maSin es
sxva saSualebiT moxdeba. aseve amebani erTmaneTisagan sulac ar
gansxvavdebian, is miwis Svilis mier misTvis savsebiT sakmarisis
SeZeniT gamowveuli siamovneba iqneba, an es gancda bavSvisTvis
saWiroebis dakmayofilebiT ganpirobebuli darCeba, rawamsac is
isTvlis imas rac sWirdeba. aseve megobrebTanac, isini an sarge-
belis gamo megobroben an datkbobis miRebis mizeziT. yoveli
imav gziT xdeba: erTni Tanabrobas icaven, meoreebTan siWarbe
mbrZaneblobs. amitomacaa Tanasworobis momxreebi ukmayofile-
bas gamoTqvamen, ros urTierTisaTvis sasargeblo xalxi sik-
eTes jerovani madliT ver pasuxobs da saWiroeba siamovnebis
wigni meSvide 227

dauflebis mizniT megobrobaSi gadahyavT. yvelaze cxadad es Cans

sayvarlebis urTierTobaSi: xSirad arc meti da arca naklebi
erTmaneTSi am mizeziT Cxuboben. vinaidan moyvaruls ar esmis,
gana sayvarlebs erTmaneTisadmi guneba ganwyobilebaSi savsebiT
sxvadasxva angariSebi aqvT. am mizeziT Tqva evnikem:
satrfos saubars mijnurisas nu miamsgavseb 1.
IV
mere, rogorc ukve iTqva, megobrobis sami saxeoba arsebobs:
zneobrivi, siamovno da saxeiro da TiToeuli maTgani, Tavis
mxriv, orad iyofa: isini, romelnic Tanasworobazea dafuZnebuli
da igini, romelSic gabatonebulobaa miRebuli. megobrobis
Sesaxeb orTav SemTxvevaSi vilaparakebT, xolo, amxanagebze mxo-
lod iq, sadac Tanasworuflebianobaa daculi; aki uadgiloa
sityva `megobari~ sad xanmoTeul kacs patara bavSvi megobrulad
uyvars an piriqiT. sxva SemTxvevebSi upiratesobis samarTlianad
mqonebeli siyvaruliT sargeblobs, oRond is masze begobruli
keTilganwyobilebiT miuzRavs, gakicxvasac isakadrisebs, vai Tu
misi grZnoba srulad marTebuli ver iqneba. radganac sazomad
wesiereba da erTgvari Tanasworoba gvemsaxureba. amadac asako-
brivad did sxvaobis SemTxvevaSi orive mxridan erTnairi gune-
baganwyobileba uwesobaa, es diaRac zneobriobas ganekuTvneba,
warmomavlobas da nebismier msgavss yovelTvis igi umTavresobs,
vinac raime uaRresobis mqonea, marTebulebis farglebSi an
saerTod ar pasuxobs megobrul grZnobas, anda naklebad, de,
sargebelic igulisxmebodes, gnebavT siamovneba da gindaT saT-
noeba. magram, ra drosac didi warCinebuloba veraa, gasagebia,
1. evnike _ uZvelesi periodis komediis naklebad cnobili poeti.
228 wigni meSvide

yoymani da eWvi warmoiSveba, (ramdenadac arasagulisxmieros

zogjer mniSvneloba serTod ara aqvs, vTqvaT, rodesac merqans
wonian, - oRond ara oqros, TavisTavad cxadia - meores mxriv,
mcires Sefaseba gvarianad TiTqmis aravis gamosdis, vinaidan
sakuTari madli axlo manZilidan diadad gveCveneba, garna - sx-
visa Soridan - bewvisodenad; odes saxeze Warboba gvaqvs, Tavad
xalxi, urTierTsiyvarulis, megobrul erTgulebis grZnobis
sanacvlos ar eZebs, da arc elian erTnair sawyaos megobrul
gunebaganwyobilebisa, asecaa saWiro, saxeldobr, ra drosac
vinmes RmerTi swams. amis garda, cxadia, megobrebi isini arian,
vis Sorisac Tanasworobaa, mxolod ki megobrul siyvarulze
migeba, romc ar iyvnen megobrebi - isedac SesaZlebelia.
saidumlo rodia, adamianebi megobrobas maTze maRla mdgome-
bTan eZeben, vidre TanasworebTan, gasagebicaa Tu ratomac. win
iyvnen da siyvaruliT sargeblobdnen - maTSi erT mTlianobad
irwymeba. amis Sedegad hyavT ufro meti laquca, vidre megobari,
raxan aZlevs saSualebas gamoscados xilvadoba amisac da imisac,
imas, visac epirfereba. gansakuTrebiT es pativmoyvare adamis
Svilebs moswonT, raki sadac warmatebuli mgdomareobaa, iq
sayovelTao moxibvlaa. bunebiT ki kacis SvilTa erT nawilSi
Zlieri megobrobisken midrekilebaa, sxvebSi - saxelis maZieblo-
bisaken. megobrobisken miswrafebulT umetesad is uxariaT, Tavad
uyvardeT, vidre sayvarelni iyvnen, meoreni pativs amjobineben.
amgvarad, siyvaruli da mizidva ukeTu vinmes sixaruls gvris,
is gansakuTrebuli megobaria, dia igi, vinc TviT siyvaruliT
siamovnebis grZnobis gamomwvevi megobaria, guliTad kacxor-
cielad iwodeba. es ameba rom gamovcadoT, aucileblad unda
gviyvardes, raTa siyvaruliTve gipasuxon - meorexarisxovania,
iqneb SeiZleba arc araferi ar icode imis Sesaxeb, Sen vinmesTvis
orTav Tvalis sinaTle xar Tu ara, raic ar emarTeba imas, visac
uyvars. hai – hai megobroba marTlac isaa, raJams ukveTesad
miiCnev giyvardes da ara Tavad iyo saTayvanebi, xolo imxanad,
wigni meSvide 229
raJams ginda sayvareli TviT brZandebode, es ganwyoba qaTin-

aurs emsgavseba. ai sabuTi. megobari pirvelyovlisa Seecdeba
farulad uyvarde vidre gamJRavndes, Tu igi am arCevanis winaSe
dadgeba; ase iqcevian qalebi, vincobaa maT bavSvis migdeba uwevT
an andromaqesnairad antifontTan1. ise gamodis, gamomzeurebis
survili angarebiania da misi mizani - raRac kargis miRebaa da
ara is, Tavad moimoqmedos igi, imJamad, rawamsac dafarulad
siyvaruli - piriqiTaa, garna ram kargi Caidinos Tavisi siyvar-
ulisTvis. am mizeziT vaqebT imaT, vinZlo romelime micvalebu-
lisadmi erTgulebas inaxavs: es maT Tavadac ician da aravinaa
visac gaumJRavndebian isini.
aserigad, megobrobis nairsaxeobani sakmarisad bevria, mego-
brobis Tund sami saxesxvaobac iyos, ra aris megobrobaSi urTi-
erTsiyvaruli da rom megobrebi sxvadasxvagvarni iq gaxlavan,
sadac Tanasworobaa da upiratesobaa, ukve iTqva.
V
imazec saubrobdnen, zog - zogebi megobrobas ise ganixilaven,
rarig Cven es dasawyisSive gamovaaSkaraveT, zedapirulad, erTob
zogadad, (erTni fiqroben, megobruli - mgvaniao, meoreni - piri-
qiT); axla droa ukve ganxilul megobrobis nairsaxeobebTan
dakavSirebiT amazec vilaparakoT.
rac Seexeba msgavss, is sasiamovnos da keTildReobis xarisx-
Si ahyavT. dRekeTiloba ubraloa, sisulele ki mravalsaxovania;
Tuki viRac saTnoa, is yovelTvis Tavisi Tavis mgvania da nirs ar
Seicvlis, uxeiro da ukeTilgono miwis Svili dilidan saRamom-
de Tavs ar hgavs. amitomaa, Tu rom ugvani mokvdavni erTdroulad
1. antifonteze ix. III wignis 27 SeniSvna. àndromaqed~ wodebuli antifontes

tragedia sxvagan arsad aRaraa moxseniebuli. evripides tragediebs Soris
àndromaqecaa~; prologSi mTavari gmiris monologidan Cans, andromaqem ucxo
xalxTan saidumlod Tavisi Svili gagxzavna, romelic man neoptolomeoss uSva.
230 wigni meSvide

da erTnairad ar Seicvlebian, erTmaneTis megobrebi ver iqnebian

da erTurTs daSordebian; mxolodRa meryevi megobroba - mego-
broba ar aris. Sesabamisad, msgavsi SeiZleba iyos megobruli imis
darad, rogori mgvanicaa keTildReoba da daaxloebiT saamo-
sTanac igives viRebT: rakiRa, msgavsTaTvis saamo erTi da igivaa
da TiToeulic calke sakuTari TavisTvisac saamuria. swored
amis gamoa naTesavebisa da TanamemamuleTa xmebi, Cveulebebi da
yoveldRiuri urTierToba metnaklebad saamebeli romaa, es ex-
eba sxva cocxal arsebebsac; amrigad misaRebia, uxeiro kacebs
Sorisac megobruli siyvaruli arsebobdes.
Sters mosulelo siamovnebiT ekvris 1
sawinaaRmdego sapirispirosTvis imisTvis aris sasiamovno,

misi gamoyeneba SeuZlia. oRondac Tavis Tavis mgvans araviTari
sargebeli ara aqvs. batons mona am mizeziT sWirdeba, xolo
monas - batoni, da agreTve coli da qmari erTmaneTisaTvis
aucilebelni brZandebian, viTarmed sawinaaRmdego amoa da sa-
survelia Tavisi sargebelis da kidev raime miznis mizeziT da
ara viTomc TviTmizani. vinaTgan rawamsac sasurveli moxdeba, igi
umiznobad verasodes iqceva, es erTis mxriv, sxvagvarad - Tavis
sapirispiros sulac ar moiTxovs, sityvaze, Tbili civs ar ix-
veweba, mSrali - sovels. SeiZleba vTqvaT, sawinaaRmdegosaTvis
megobruli erTguleba raRac azriT amgvaradve keTildReobis
siyvaruliao; aseTnairad, urTierTsapirispironi erTmaneTs Sua-
nas misaRwevad saWiroeben, rameTu, simboloebis msgavsad, isini
erTmaneTisaken imisaTvis miidrikebian, raTa orivesgan raRac
saSualo2 gamovides. amis garda es miziduloba sawinaaRmdegosken
1. ix. 31 SeniSvna.
2. `simboloebis msgavsad isini erTmaneTisaken imisaTvis miidrikebian~ - `sim-
boloebis~ Sesaxeb. Suaze gayofili megobruli stumarTmoyvareobis niSani,
wigni meSvide 231

ltolvad SemTxveviT iqceva xolme, sinamdvileSi TavisTavad es

SuaTanasken miswrafebaa. viTarmed sapirispironi erTmaneTisken ki
ar iltvian, dabolos Suisken. ise, viTar Tbeba is visac Sescivda,
iseve ranairadac grildeba gaxurebuli, isini Suagulisken
gadaadgildebian; msgavsad amisa sxva danarCenisadmi. vinZlo
ar aris moZraoba, im dros gaunelebeli survili rCeba, magram
imas rodi, vinac Sua alagasaa. SuaSi myofi Zaldautanebel
siamovnebiT xarobs da ara aqvs survilebi, sxvebi bunebrivi
qceviT gamowveul - yvela siamovnebiT ilxenen. zemoTxsenebuli
saxeoba usulo rameebTanac SeiZleba iyos dakavSirebuli,
radResac aRniSnuli sulier arsebebs emarTebaT, megobruli
siyvaruli warmoiSveba. amis Sedegad xandaxan sixaruls
aramgvanic gvgvris, vTqvaT, pirquST gulziari Zexorcieli
uxariaT, gamqirdavebs - gulmxiaruli. radgan, isini erTmaneTs
Suanasken ujikaveben. viT gavarkvieT, sapirispiro megobruli
SemTxveviT arsebobs da Tanac keTildReobis SuamavlobiT.
ramdeni saxis megobroba aris da rogori sxvaobebia maT So-
ris, ris safuZvelzec viRacas egeb megobari vuwodoT, vieTnT
ki sayvarlebi da moyvarulebi, miuxedavad amisa, megobrebi rom
SeiZleba amis gareSec iyvnen, ukve iTqva;
VI
SeuZlia momakvdavs Tavisi Tavis megobari iyos Tu ara - es
kiTxva bevr eWvs badebs. kvlav ase, bevrad bevri miiCnevs, yoveli
adamiani pirvelyovlisa da umTavresad Tavisi Tavis megobar-
iao, sxva danarCen megobrebze zedmiwevniT am wesiT msjeloben;
amgvari gansjis mixedviT, iqedan, raic maTi azriT megobrebSi
arsebobs, raRac sapirispiroa da romeliRac arsebiTad sadars
warmoadgens. sinadvileSi aseTi megobroba - TiTqos megobro-
ix. platoni, nadimi, 191а da 192а.
232 wigni meSvide

baa, romelic namdvils hgavs, TumcaRa WeSmariti ar aris. Cven

[megobrobaSi] ori SesaZlebloba ukve ganvasxvaveT: gviyvardes
Tu siyvaruliT vsargeblobdeT, Sesabamisad, vinc Tavisi Tavis
megobaria, is TavSekavebuls an TavSeukavebels emsgavseba, rarig
ukve iTqva, nebsiT aris igi megobari, vaiTu, uneburad, radganac
suls erTmaneTisadmi ase an ise keTilganwyobilni nawilebi aqvs
da es yovelive Zalian hgavs imas, TiTqos Seni Tavis mteric iyo,
moyvarec da usamarTlobac Sen Tavs TviT mihkerZo. yoveli am or
SesaZleblobaSia, aki zemoT ganvsazRvreT: vaiTu, adamis SvilSi
suli urRvevi ar aris, oRond gaorebulia, es viTom marTlac
xdeba, garna, ukeTu suli orad ar gaiyofa, imJamad es ar iqmneba.
Semdeg, unars, Sens Tavs miekuTvnebode, megobruli si-
yvarulis sxva saxeobani emijnebian, romelTac Cven Cveulebriv
ganvixilavT, roca megobrobas ganvsazRvravT. ase, zogierTis
azriT, megobari isaa, romelic vinmes keTildReobas usurvebs, an
ukeTilnebebs imas, rasac igi dRekeTilobad miiCnevs, ara saku-
Tari TavisaTvis, garna misTvis; sxva gansazRvrebiT, igia, visac
Tavis TavisTvis arsebobas sxvisTvis yofna urCevnia, romelsac
keTildReobaze keTildReobiT ar miezRveba da ar gainawilebs
masTan erTad, vinc uyvars, Tu raRa Tqma unda es megobroba
iqneba; aris aseTi gansazRvrebac _ vincobaa vieTni vinmesTan
Tanacxovrebas zustad TviT urTierTobisTvis irCeven, da ara
sxva ramesTvis, magaliTad, mamebi SvilebTan dros mamebisnairad
atareben, Tumc, rogorc megobrebi sxvebTan, cxadze ucxadesia
yvela es gansazRvreba erTmaneTisagan ganiyofian. pirvelTaT-
vis ar arsebobs megobroba urTierTisaTvis sicocxlis gareSe,
meoreebisTvis _ erTad uyofnelad, xolo mesameTaTvis _
Tanacxovrebis kidegan. amas Cven davumatebT, giyvardes _ es
niSnavs tanjuli gecodebodes, ubralod, arafrisaTvis, sxva
grZnobis Seurevlad, viT monebTanaa, rodesac mwuxareben imaTi
batonebi, romelTa xelSic bevri ubedureba gamoiares, an ra-
nairadac dedebi ibraleben TavinT Svilebs, imad rom isini maTi
wigni meSvide 233
naSobnia, an sulac frinvelebi, odes Tavs ubedureba daaty-

debaT - erTsulovndebian. megobari ara marto gulSematkivrobs
megobars, mzadaa imav seniT Tavadac itanjebodes, romelic mis
megobars Sehyria, anu, vincobaa mouwevs mwyurvaloba mowyurva-
lebul megobarTan erTad, anda ukidures SemTxvevaSi, ramdenadac
es SesaZlebelia, mwuxarebis dros megobris Sesadari iyos. igiv
iTqmis sixarulTa gamo, vinaidan megobrobis niSani aris ara sxva
ram gixarodes, aramed is, rac Sens megobars alaRebs. aqve, ai
kidev ras amboben megobrobaze: megobroba - Tanasworobaa, an,
namdvili megobrebi - erTi suliao1. es yovelive SeiZleba erT
kacis Svilze Tqmuls daukavSiroT. kacxorciels sakuTari Ta-
visTvis keTildReoba marTlac amgvarad eqeifianeba. aki aravin
keTilmoqmedebs TavisTavad sxva raimesTvis, an madlobisTvis da
arc vinme ambobs, es man martoden Tavis sasargeblod gaakeTao,
raxan vinZlo romelime yvelas dasanaxad siyvaruls amJRavnebs,
mas megobris saxeli surs, swadia megobrad iTvlebodes da ara
megobari iyos, da Tana iyos da Tana icxovros da erTad imxia-
rulos da itanjos erTad da esden erTi sulia, da uerTmaneTod
cxovreba ar SeuZliaT, arc cxovroben da erTad kvdebian - es
yovelive imas sWirs vinc erTia da sakuTar TavTan igi marTlac
amnairad urTierTobs.
amis garda, es yovelive zneobriv miwis Svils kuTvnil TavTan
emarTeba. aramzada RviZl mesTan TiTqos ver rigdeba, nimuSad,
aulagmavi mokvdavi, romelic sulwasulobis mizeziT sakuTari
Tavis mteri gamodis. mxolod, radgan erTia da urRvevia, is
damoukideblad, gankerZoebiTaa mimzidveli. aseTia momxiblavi
kaci da megobari, romelis arCevanic saTnoebaze dafuZnebuli
megobrobaa, mas Semdeg, rodesac biwieri kaci mtkice arasodes
1. megobrul Tanasworobis Sesaxeb. ix. platoni, kanonebi, 757а. èrTi suli~

SeadareT diogene laerteli V, 20: `kiTxvaze: ra aris megobari, man (aristo-
telem) upasuxa: èrTi suli sxvadasxva sxeulSio~.
234 wigni meSvide

ar aris, masSi yovelTvis brboa da dilidan saRamomde advilad

damyolia, ZerwvaSi da gadadnobaSi iolad mosaqnelia. Sesabam-
isad sakuTar TavTan damegobrebuli kacxorcielis megobroba
zneobriv Zexorcielis megobrobaSi axarisxdeba. vinaTgan is
yovelTvis Tavis sadaria, ganuyofelia da Tavis gulisTvis
dRekeTilia, rameTu igi Tavis megobaria da sandomiania; is aseTi
bunebrivadaa, im SemTxvevaSi, ros aramzada bunebis sapirispiroa.
zneobrivi adamiani ar gaakeTebs iseTs, risTvisac iqve sakuTar
Tavs datuqsavs, raic sulwasuls axasiaTebs da ar gakicxavs
kuTvnil Tavs imis gamo Tu ra moimoqmeda uwin, monaniebisaken
midrekilisebr, vinac windawin momavals ar aZagebs, rogorc
cruwinaswarmetyveli (vincobaa SesaZlebelia urRvevi adamis
Svili asde davanawevroT, msgavsad sofistebisa, romlebic
asxvaveben `koriska~-s `karg adamian koriska~-sagan _ viTarmed,
savsebiT cxadia, am ors Soris igiveoba im sazomiT izomeba, rom-
lis mixedviTac orTav rigiania); radgan isini TavianT Tavebs ad-
anaSauleben da Tavadve ewamebian, am yvelaferTan erTad yoveli
kacis Svili Zaldautaneblad zneobrivad warmogvidgeba. amasTan,
namdvilad saTno kacxorcieli sakuTar TavTan megobrobis mZe-
bnelia, rarig iTqva, radganac Sinagan ori naxevaris Semcveli
aris, romelnic bunebrivad erTmaneTTan megobrobis mosurneni
gaxlavan, maT erTmaneTisagan ver ganacalkeveb. amitomacaa mi-
wis SvilebSi viTomda yoveli Tavisive Tavisve megobaria, sxva
cocxal arsebebTan ase ar aris, magaliTisTvis, cxeni Tavis
Tavisadmi [mimzidveli ar brZandeba] da arc megobaria Tvisiv
Tavisa. ar aris megobroba arc patara bavSvebSi, vidre gaaz-
rebul mjobinebis unars ar SeiZenen; vinaidan namdvilad maSin
Sewyvets goneba sulis survilebisTvis kveris dakvras. Tanac,
mokvdavis kuTvnil TavTan megobroba naTesaobasTan megobrobas
waagavs: raxan erTis meorisagan mowyveta dauSvebelia, yoveli
gansxvavebis miuxedavad isini Tanadroulad naTesavebi rCebian;
oRond is jerjerobiT martoa, vidre cocxalia.
wigni meSvide 235

ukve Tqmulidan cxadia, megobrul siyvarulze bevri azri

SeiZleba gamoiTqvas da yvela maTgani pirvel megobrobas SeerTvis;
VII
garda amisa, am ganxilvisas droulia yuradReba azrTa Tanx-
mobas da keTilganwyobilebas davuTmoT. zogierTTa msjelobiT
es erTi da igivea, garna sxvaTa fiqriT, erTi meoris gareSe
ar arsebobs. siamtkbiloba sxva ram sulac araa, - megobrobaa,
ramenairad arc igivea. vinZlo megobroba sam saxeobad iyofa,
mas Semdeg keTilismyofloba arca sargebelTan axlos mdgomia,
arcaRa siamovnebis siaxlovesaa. aki, visganac sargebels elian,
dRekeTilobas zustad imas usurveben, ara misTvis, magram uwi-
naresad sakuTari TavisaTvis, im dros, ros erTsulovnebas [da
megobrobas] mizanSi keTilismyofeli rodi hyavs, aramed is, vis
mimarTacaa keTilganwyobili; mxolodRa, megobrobaSi keTil-
ismyofloba siamovnebisaTvis rom iyos, imxanad SesaZlebeli
iqneboda usulo sagnebisadmi keTilganwyobilebaze gvelaparaka.
amitom cxadia, keTilganwyobileba eTikur megobrobas ganekuT-
vneba. Tumca erTsulovneba oden survils ganizraxavs, oRond,
megobroba imgvar moqmedebasac moiwadinebs, romelic gulis
Tqmas pasuxobs. keTilganwyobileba - TviT megobrobis dasawy-
isia, rakiRa yvela megobari mSvidobiania, mainc xom ara yoveli
mosiamtkbile gaxlavs ukve megobari. is, vinc mxolod erTsu-
lovania, damwyebs emsgavseba, raki keTilismyofloba megobrobis
dasawyisia, mxolodRa megobroba jer kidev ar aris.
miiCneva, megobrebs azrTa Tanxmoba axasiaTebso, Tanamoaz-
reebi megobrebi brZandebiano. TumcaRa, megobrebTan yvelaferSi
momxreoba ki ar aris aucilebeli, xolo iq, sadac saerTo azris
mqoneni saWiroa eTrToblivad moqmedebdnen an Tanacxovrebas
erTnairad epyrobodnen; sayovelTao azrTa qona ara marto fiqrs
moicavs, oRond gulis wadilsac, fiqri vnebis sapirispiroa, - si-
236 wigni meSvide

tyvaze, TavSeukavebelTan isini uTanxmoebaSi imyofebian; maSasadame,

Tanamzraxveloba mjobinebis da miswrafebis Jamsaa aucilebeli.
Tanamosagreobas Cven agreTve zneobriv adamianebTan vxvdebiT;
mas Semdeg, rawamsac uxeiro kacni [kidevac] erTsa da imaves am-
jobineben, erTisa da igivesaken miiswrafvian, [miuxedavad amisa]
erTurTs mtroben. Cans, mimdevroba sxvadasxvagvarad gaigeba, viT
megobroba, magram aris pirveli da (cudi xalxisTvis miuRebeli)
bunebiT kargi Tanamoazreoba, moipoveba sxvac, romelsac urigo
ZexorcielebSic gadavawydebiT, vai Tu igini upiratesobasa da JinSi
erTmaneTs dauaxlovdebian. Sesabamisad, isini erTsa da imavesaken
unda iltvodnen, zedac, sasurvelia orTavesaTvis sakmarisi iyos
is, rac maT moswonT. rameTu, igi, raic maT surT, Tu orives ar
esakmarisa _ erTurTs muSti-krivs gaumarTaven. Tanamzraxvelebi
ki ar Cxuboben. azrTa Tanxmoba namdvilad iqaa, sadac upirateso-
bania: Zalauflebis floba da Zalauflebis mjobineba erTimeores
emTxveva, oRond ise ara, rom yvelas - Tavisi, mainc orTaves erTi
da igive. mosagreoba politikuri megobrobaa.
VIII
erTazrovnebis da erTsulovnebis Sesaxeb amiT vikmaroT; amis
axlos sirTulec arsebobs: rad uyvarT keTilismyoflebs uaR-
resad isini, visac maT keTiluyves, nuTu mwyaloblobaa - TavianTi
nakeTilismyofalTa. TiTqos samarTlianoba iTxovs yvelaferi
piriqiT iyos. SeiZleboda gvevarauda, es sasargeblos da sam-
saxuris gawevis damTxvevaao: wesiT, vinac dagvexmara, gvevaleba
sikeTiT mas gadavuxadoT. es bunebrivia. aki moqmedeba ufrosad
samjobinaria, risame keTebas da saqmes erTi da igive gansazRvreba
aqvs, garna igi, visac keTili uyves, TiTqos Tavis keTilismyofe-
lis saqmed iqceva. sulieri arsebani TavianT Svilebze amitom zru-
naven, raTa Sobon isini da Seinaxon. gvmarTebs SevniSnoT, marTalia
mamebs uyvarT sakuTari Svilebi, mainc, (dedebi naSobebs - mamebze
wigni meSvide 237

bevrwilad Zlier SeJuJuneben), diax, Tavis mxriv maT Svilebi

ufros uyvarT vidre mSoblebi, rakiRa uzenaesi keTildReoba -
moqmedebaa. dedebic SedarebiT metad imisTvis evlebian TavianT
naSobebs vidre mamebi, viTarmed umetes didi ufleba aqvT maTze
da uaRresad kuTvnil nawarmoebad miaCniaT isini: gana qmnilebani
erTmaneTisagan dacilebulni arian daxarjuli Sromis siZnelisda
mixedviT, mxolod, bavSvis dabadeba ufro Zneli dedisTvisaa.
rac Seexeba sakuTar TavTan megobrobas da kidev im gvaris
megobrobas, adamianebis umetesobasTan rom vxvdebiT - maTze
amgvarad unda vimsjeloT:
IX
samarTlianad raRac toloba da TanabarTa megobroba
miiCneva, Tuki tyuilad ar amboben, megobroba Tanasworobaao.
yvela saxelmwifo piruTvnelobis erTgvari saxeobaa, vinaTgan
igini gaerTianebis dedaarsni gaxlavan da yoveli erTianoba
samarTlianobis safuZvelze ewyoba; Sesabamisad, megobrobis
ramdeni saxeobcaa, samarTlianobis imdeni saxesxvaoba da imdenive
- sazogadoebaa da isini erTimeores Soris momijnaved arseboben
da erTmaneTisagan Zlivs SesamCnevad gansxvavdebian. suli
isea sxeulis mimarT, rogorc ostati - iaraRisadmi, batoni -
monisadmi da maT ara aqvT gaerTianeba. aq ori ar igulveba, erTi
namdviladaa, meore mas ekuTvnis. am SemTxvevaSi aucilebeli
arc isaa keTildReoba erTisTvis da dRekeTiloba meoresTvis
ganvasxvavoT: aseT dros erTi keTildReobaa da is oridan
erTisaTvis ganmwesdeba da moipoveba svesvianoba orivesaTvis.
sxeulic Tandayolili iaraRia, monac erTgvari nawilia batonisa
da misi ganuyreli danadgaria, maSinRa, odes yvela xelsawyo aris
erTgvari usulo mona1.
1. Sdr. `politika~ I. 1253b25 - 33. ix. agreTve e. n. 1161b3 - 8: `gaugonaria

megobroba cxenTan, xarTan an monasTan, Tuki isini monebi iqnebian~ [aq] xom
238 wigni meSvide

sxva gaerTianebani an saxelmwifos sazogadoebaTa rigebSi

iricxebian, vTqvaT, fratriis1 wevrTa kavSiri an qurumTa sazoga-
doeba, anda {(imav sabrZanebelSi)} moxveWis surviliT imyofebian.
samefos yvela saxeobas ojaxSic vxvdebiT, viT siswores, aseve
simarTlisagan gadaxvevas (aki politikaSic, viTomc harmoniaSi
[wesi da masze xelis aRebac] ) erTi da igivea, mefur Zalauflebas
mSobeli flobs, aristokratiuli gamgebloba qmars colze uWi-
ravs, Zmebs Soris _ saxelmwifoa; gadaxrebic zustad aseTivea:
tirania, oligarqia, demosi2. samarTlianoba mainc imdenivea.
mxolodRa, rameTu Tanasworoba raodenobis an damokide-
bulebis mixedviT arsebobs, samarTlianobis saxeobebic gan-
sxvavebulni amisda msgavsad iqnebian, ise, viT megobrobis da
sazogadoebebis nairsaxeobani. ase politikuri gaerTianebani
ricxvebiT izomeba da megobroba heteriebiT3, am mizeziT eseni
is dajgufebebi iqnebian, sad saTanadooba raodenobiT ganisaz-
Rvreba; oRondac, is saxesxvaobani sadac urTierTdamokideb-
ulebiTaa - es an aristokratiaa misi saukveTeso gamovlinebiT,
anda samefo Zalauflebaa. gana upiratesis da naupiratesebis
kanoniereba erTi da igive ar aris, magram maT Soris urTierTo-
bis Sesatyvisia. igive SeiZleba iTqvas mamaSvilur megobrobaze.
im sazogadoebebSic, sadac msgavsi mopyrobania, samarTali imav
wesiTaa ganawilebuli.
SeuZlebelia ram saerTos qona. radgan mona - gansulierebuli iaraRia, xolo,

iaraRi - usulo monaa. ase rom, masTan, rogorc monasTan, megobroba SeuZle-
belia, xolo, rogorc pirovnebasTan _ SesaZlebelia.
1. fratria _ files qveganyofileba, aTenis polisis administraciul dayofis
erTeuli.
2. `tirania, oligarqia, demosi~. – dawvrilebiT ix. : politika, 1252а, 1278b,
1290 а. Sdr. agreTve Е.Но Х, 1160а34, 1161а25 - 30.
3. `megobroba heteriebiT~. – an klubis msgavsi megobruli sazogadoeba, anda
garkveuli sapolitiko miznebis mqone politikuri organizacia.
wigni meSvide 239

X
gveubnebian, megobroba naTesauric arsebobs, heterulic da
sazogadoebrivic, egreT wodebuli politikurio. moyvruli
megobroba mravalsaxovania: erTi - rogoradac Zmebs Seefereba,
meore - viTa mamebsa da Svilebs SeSvenis (amis garda erTi - ma-
mobrivi damokidebulebisamebr, meore ki raodenobiT, Zmuris ms-
gavsad; oRond igi TiTqmis heterulis igiveobrivia, iq xom pati-
vis ganawilebasTan daqvemdebarebulni brZandebian); politikuri
megobroba upiroboT sargebelzea aSenebuli. viTarmed miiCneva,
ra drosac adamis Svilebi TanacxovrebisTvis Tavs moiyrian, amis
mizezi TiTqos TviTmkmarobis uqonlobaa. mxolod politikuri
megobroba da misi damaxinjebuli saxeobebi ara marToden arsnia
megobrobisa, megobarTa Soris gaerTianebacaa, raJams sxva saxe-
obebSi upiratesoba gvaqvs. aki meti samarTlianoba megobrobis
im nairsaxeobaSia, romelic sargebelzea dafuZnebuli, amis
Sedegadaa, is, raic politikuria - samarTliania. sazogadoebis
sxva saxesxvaobani vaWrobaa da xelosnobaa, is ar aris raime
saerTosTvis (saxeldobr sxeulis romelime nawilisTvis an
sulisTvis), mainc xom imisTvis, riTac sargebloben. SemTxveviT
iaraRic SeiZleba iqces miznad romelime saqmianobisa, rasac
qmnileba samarTlianad flobs, is amisaTvisac arsebobs, imJamad,
rawams burRs gaorebuli yofiereba aqvs, misi umTavresi moq-
medeba - burRvaa. am gvars ganekuTvneba sxeuli da mona, viTar
iTqva uwin.
dResaviT naTelia kvleva, vinZlo rogor viurTierToT
megobarTan, niSnavs gamoZiebas imisa - raa samarTlianoba. avad
Tu kargad, yovelgvari marTebuloba megobars ekuTvnis. diaRac
kanoniereba aris raime vinmesTvis da axloblebisTvis; dastur
megobaric axlobelia, ojaxSi an cxovrebaSi. radgan kacis Svili -
ara marto politikuri coxali arsebaa, saxlTaRmSenebelicaa da
Tu rom cxovelebisTvis sulerTia visTan Sewyvildebian, dedali
240 wigni meSvide

iqneba Tu mamali, kacxorcieli savsebiT gansakuTrebulia, ar

cxovrobs calmogv aznaurad, igi im sazogadoebaSi boginobs,
romelic bunebiT misi monaTesavea; amasTan gaerTianebac gaxlavT
raRac, raic samarTlianobas ganekuTvneba, maSinac ki, vai Tu es
saxelmwifo ar aris, saxlic ase Tu ise megobrobaa. maSasadame,
esaa megobroba batonis da monisa, xelobis da iaraRisa, sulisa
da sxeulisa, - mxolodRa amis magvari megobrobebi - megobrobani
ar brZandebian, arc marTebulebania, es raRac mgvanobaa, viT
janmrTeloba kanoniereba rodia, garna mcireodenad misi
saxovania; mxolodRa colis da qmaris megobroba - uwinaresad
sasargebloa da sazogadoebaa, im dros radResac mamas da Svils
igiv megobroba aqvs, TiTqos RmerTs da miwis Svils, an sityvaze
rarig keTilismyofels da keTilissayofels da saerTod, imis
minamsgavsad, vinac bunebiT mbrZanebelia da imisa, romelic zniT
morCilia. Zmebs Soris megobroba ki araerTgvarovanTan ufro
axlosaa da Tanasworobazea damyarebuli.
ucxoTa igi viT aRiaron?

zevsi orTaves erT mamad gvkonavs
meufev Cemo1
ase kidevac samarTlianobis mkvlevarni amboben. megobrobis

dasabamad da dasawyisad ojaxi amis gamo iTvleba, agreTve sax-
elmwifosic da marTebulobisac.
amisdakvalad, radganac megobrobis sami saxeobaa: saT-
noebisTvis, sargeblianobisaTvis da siamovnebisaTvis, oRond,
TiToeul maTgans or - ori nairsaxeoba gaaCnia (yoveli maT
Soris myofi upiratesobaze, an Tanasworobazea dafuZnebuli),
im dros cxadia, samarTlianobac amgvar gansxvavebas moiTxovs -
amasTanave, am mizeziT uTanxmoebebze ukve iTqva. Semdgom, sadac
1. sofokles Cvenamde mouRweveli tragediis fragmenti.
wigni meSvide 241

megobrobaSi upiratesobaa, iq marTebulebis saWiroeba Sesabam-

isadaa, Tanac raodenobis da mixedviT ki ara, dabolos ise, rom
upiratesobis mflobeli Tavisze naklebisTvis mets gascemdes,
mxolod, misgan cotas iRebdes, Sesabamisad imisa, raoden umete-
sia Tavad da rogor - pataraa igi da mas ise moeqces, viT ufrosi
xelqveiTs. ukeTu upiratesoba ar aris, Tanasworoba kanon-
ierebas moiTxovs, rac Tanazomier ganawilebaSi mdgomareobs.
ueWvelia sxva msgavs sazogadoebebSi es moTxovnebi emTxveva:
sadRac samarTlianoba ricxobriv gaTanabrebis gziT miiRweva,
dia sadme ganawilebis Sesabamis sxvaobis da kvalobaze. sityvaze,
Tu romelsame adgilas monetebis Tanabari raodenoba SeaqvT,
tolfasianadve inawileben, mxolodRa, vincobaa grovdeba ara
tolZaliani fuli, Sesabamisadve daiSleba. vinc uaRresia, am
saTanadoobas is sapirispirod moatrialebs. SesaZloa mogveCve-
nos, amgvarad imis upiratesoba daknindeba, vinac maRlaa, xolo
megobroba da gaerTianeba raRac valdebulebad gardaiqmneba.
sinamdvileSi saWiroa erTi meores maT Soris gansxvavebis Sesa-
bamad pasuxobdes, es iqneba Tanabrad ganawileba. esaa Rirseba,
romelic bunebiT ufross da RmerTs daxelqveiTebulisadmi
ekuTvnis. amasTanave sixarbe patiosnebas ar unda aWarbebdes.
swored ase, Tanasworobaze safuZvelCayrili megobroba
politikuri megobrobaa. samoqalaqouflebrivi megobrobac
sargebelisTvis arsebobs, da ranairadac qalaqebi megobroben
erTmaneTSi, aseve adamianebic, msgavsad aTeneli mamakacebisa
rom veRar cnoben megarel kacebs aTeneli mamakacebi. 1
da moqalaqenic, miuxedavad imisa, rogorme urTierT sarge-

blobis mizniT ver axlovdebian, diaRac `xelixelCakidebulni~2
1. ix. 19 SeniSvna.
2. `xelixel~ - moaruli gamoTqma, niSnavs pirdapir gacvlas yovelgvari damatebi-
Ti valdebulebebis gareSe. (`gayide, iyide da naxvamdis~) Sdr. Е.Но Х, 1162b 27.
242 wigni meSvide

megobroben. xelmZRvanelni da xelqveiTni iqac gaxlavan,

mainc ara bunebrivad da arc mefurad, swored monacvleobiT
da ara imisTvis, rom RmerTma maT keTiluyos, oRond vinaidan
keTildReoba da liturgiebi zomierad gaanawilon. laparaki
ar unda, politikuri megobroba Tanasworobisaken miiswrafvis.
amasTan sargeblianobaze damyarebuli megobrobis ori saxeoba
arsebobs: erTi kanonieria, meore - zneobrivi. Tanac politikuri
megobroba Tanasworobasac da sargebelsac icavs da ara nakleb,
vidre myidvelebi da gamyidvelebi. amadac Tqmula
megobrisaTvis . . . gasamrjelo xelSekrulebiT.1
magram, raJams samoqalaqouflebrivi megobroba molapara-

kebisdamixedviT arsebobs, igi kanonieric brZandeba; garna, roca
urTierTndobazea damyarebuli, imxanad amgvar megobrobas surs
zneobrivi da araerTgvarovani iyos. amis Sedegadaa, yvelaze meti
saCivari aseT megobrobis dros rom warmoiSveba. mizezi is aris,
igi bunebas ewinaaRmdegeba. viTareba aseTia, raxan, sargebelis
mizniT da saTnoebis sababiT _ es sxvadasxva megobrobaa, mxolod
maT orive erTdroulad swadiaT da erTmaneTs gamorCenis gu-
lisTvis Seeyrebian xolme, mxolodRa wesrigs zneobrivi amyarebs.
amitomacaa, mindobiT TavianT megobrobas ukanonos xdian.
saerTod, megobrobis im sam saxeobaTagan, is romelic
sarfzea damyarebuli, umeteswilad urTierTsarCelebTanaa
dakavSirebuli (zneobrioba umwikvloa, garna isini, vinac erT-
maneTs siamovnebas aniWeben da iReben, TiTqos qviTSi gaxlavan,
mxolodRa, sarfas mZebnelni pirdapir rodi kmayofildebian,
vincobaa kanoniT xelSekrulebas ar deben an araerTgvarovan
urTierTobebSi ar CaerTvebian); Tanac, Tu rom sargebliano-
1. hesiode, samuSaoni da dReni, 368 (370). srulad leqsi ase ikiTxeba: `mego-
brisTvis kontraqtiani samsaxuri yovelTvis garantirebuli iqneba~
wigni meSvide 243

bisaTvis megobroba rigian xelSekrulebis TanxlebiTaa, imxanad

saCivari wesisamebr _ ar arsebobs.
ase, marTebuli kmasayofloba SeiZleba fuliT anazRaurdes
(raki Tanasworoba aq TeTriTaa gamoxatuli), sad zneobrivi wes-
rigia - iq urTierTTanxmobis mixedviTaa. amitomacaa, im adgilas,
sadac mWidro megobruli urTierTobaa, aqa-iqa survilnebiTi
garigebani kanoniT sasamarTlo garCevebs ar eqvemdebareba, es
sworicaa: rakiRa zneobrivi mokvdavni TavianTi bunebis mizeziT
sarCels ufrTxian, sxvani ki, rawamsac xelSekrulebas nebayo-
flobiT deben, upiratesobas viTar erTmaneTis keTildReobas,
agreTve urTierTndobis dacvas aniWeben. megobrobaSi sarCelebi
orTave mxridan sargebelis braliT arseboben, imJamad roca
yoveli meore sasamarTloSi saCivriT midis, vinZlo ndoba zneo-
briobas emyareboda da ara normas.
uTuod, samarTlianTan mimarTebiT siZnelec aris, raTa
gaweuli samsaxuri marTebulad ragvar ganvixiloT, gvmarTebs
Tu ara mivaqcioT yuradReba, raSi mdgomareobdnen igini, ramdeni
iyo da ramdenad mniSvnelovani gaxldaT imisTvis, visac gauwies.
rakiRa, Cveulebriv Teognides Tqmulisamebr gansjian:
SenTvis qalRmerTia,
es iolia, CemTvis ki umniSvnelo ambavi rodia.1
sapirispirodac xdeba, viT Tqmula: `SenTvis es Tavis Se-

qcevaa, CemTvis _ damRupvelia~-o. ai aqedanaa (rogorc ukve
vTqviT) urTierTsarCelebi. vinaTgan erTi anazRaurebas imis
safuZvelze moiTxovs, rom samsaxuri erTob didi iyo, romelic
mas aRmouCines, visac sWirdeboda, an gamoTqvams sxva msgavs mo-
sazrebebs, iTvaliswinebs ra, raoden sasargeblo iyo es misTvis
1. Teognide, 13 _ 14 Targmna nodar SaniZem (Sinaarsobrivad saWiro aristo-

teles CanarTiT).
244 wigni meSvide

da ara Tavad mas rad daujda; sxva ki, piriqiT, angariSs sakuTar
danaxarjs gauwevs da aramc da aramc imas, Tu razom margebeli
iyo imisTvis, visac moemsaxurnen. xdeba asec, TviT is, romelsac
daexmarnen bralmdeblad gvevlineba. ase, erTi ukmayofiloa
vinaTgan mas cota Sexvda, meore gviTiTebs _ meti mekuTvnodao;
vTqvaT, vinZlo valis amRebma SeZlo da gamdidrda da nasesxis
dabrunebisas erTni drtvinaven, TiTqos yvelafris dakargvis
safrTxe emuqrebodaT, meoreni beds uCivian _ xarji ganuzomeli
mqondao. amgvar viTarebebSi iWvneuloba da urTierTsawinaaR-
mdegoni yovelTvisaa: ase, erTi iTxovs imas, raic iyo maSin,
meore _ amas, romelic iqedan gamomdinareobs axla, vincobaa,
maT windawin ar moilaparakes.
maS ase, politikuri megobroba SeTanxmebis pirobebs
asdevnebia da saqmes umiznebs, zneobiTi megobroba _ SerCeviT
siyvaruls. Sesabamisad es umetesad samarTliania da
samarTlianoba megobrobisagan ganuyofelia. Sexla-Semoxlani
imisTvis warmoiSveba, esden TumcaRa zneobiTi megobroba
SedarebiT mSvenieria, mainc aranakleb aucilebelia is, romelic
sargebelzea damyarebuli. ase, zogierTni iwyeben viTomc saTno
megobrebi, zneobriobis mixedviT da vinZlo maT pirad saqmeebSi
rame ise ar warimarTa, irkveva, Turme yoveli sul sxvagvarad
iyo. saucxoos SeZlebul kacTa umetesoba survobs, imav mizeziT
Seudgebian isini ufrore mSvenierTan megobrobis Zebnas, aqedan
cxadia, es ranairad unda ganvixiloT. amrigad, zneobriv megob-
rebs hmarTebT yuradReba TavianT arCevans miaqcion, daculia Tu
ara Tanasworoba da erTimeorisagan maT meti araferi sWirdebaT;
gamorCenis da politikis mizeziT Semegobrebulebs evalebaT
gaarkvion, rogori xelSekruleba dades maT mogebis SemTxvevaSi,
amasTan Tu rom erTi laparakobs àse~, meore ki _ << ise >>, da
maT Soris arcerTi ar aris marTali, aucilebelia mivaRwioT,
erTic da meorec karg pirobebze SeTanxmdnen da maTgan erTi mxare
ar miviRoT. ukeTu uTanxmoeba ar iqneba, xolo molaparakeba
wigni meSvide 245
viTomda zneobrivi iyo, miucilebelia, isini vinmem ganikiTxos,

ragvar moilaparakes maT, ganmkiTxvelma arcerTs ar misces
ufleba Tavisi Tavi motyuebulad warmoaCinos. Sesabamisad,
misTvis gardauvalia xvedrs Seeguos. rameTu zneobiTi megobroba
mjobinebazea dafuZnebuli, maSinRa cxadia, ra drosac bevris
mimRebi ise ar miagebs, rom mis Zalebs aRematebodes, aramed
SeZlebisdamixedviT, es mSvenieria da samarTliania. RmerTic
TiTqos kmayofilia, rodesac msxverpls RaribTagan iRebs.
vinZlo vaWari gulSejerebuli ver iqneba, Tu vinme ityvis, rom
metis micema ar SeuZlia, vai Tu ar gaasesxa.
bevri saCivaria iseT megobarTa Soris, sadac ar aris pirda-
piroba da iq SeamCnio raa samarTliani da raa usamarTlo - ad-
vili rodia. Znelia erTi romelime sazomiT gazomva imisa, rac
marTlac aris da im mizezisac, risTvisac es arsebuli gamoirCeva,
magaliTad, xdeba erTmaneTTan erosiT dakavSirebul megobarTa
Sua, ros erTi meores TanacxovrebiT miRebul siamovnebisaT-
vis mosvenebas ar aZlevs, raJams meore am megobrobaSi umetes
sargebels eZebs; mTavrdeba siyvaruli, Seicvala erTi da masTan
meorec icvleba da ai, iwyeben angariSis gasworebas, vin, vis,
ra da risTvis da viT piToni pamenesTan1 Sordebian, an sulac
viTar maswavlebeli moswavlis mimarT (codnas da fuls erTi
sazomiT xom ver gazomav), TiTqos eqimi prodike imisadmi, vinac
mas mkurnalobisTvis mcire sasyideli2 gadauxada, an msgavsad ki-
1. pamene – cnobili Tebeli, stumarTmoyvare, filipe makedonelis maspinZeli.

piToni – megobar heraklidesTan erTad – kotisis mefis mkvleli. (358 w. Cv,
w, aR – mde). ix. politika 1311b20.
2. komentatorebma aq kalmis Secdoma ipovnes: `prodikes~ nacvlad eqimis, cno-
bil oratoris gorgias Zmis saxels - `herodikes~ vkiTxulobT – ix. platoni,
gorgia, 448b, 456b. sxva wyaroebiT eqimi prodike ucnobia.
246 wigni meSvide

faredis da mefisa1. erTi urTierTobaSi siamovnebas eZebda, meore

- sargebels; odes modga jeri angariSis gasworebisa, mefe moiqca
ise, viTom kifaredi mas siamovnebis miRebis mizeziT daaxloeboda
da uTqvams, rameTu man gaaxara igi Tavisi simReriT, Tavis mxriv
isic pirdeba, odesme Tavadac umRerebs. amasTan cxadia aseT
SemTxvevebSi esa Tu is dava rarigad gadavWraT; saWiroa iqac erTi
sawyaoTi avwyaT, mainc yuradReba gansxvavebas ki ar, Segvanobas
mivaqcioT, viTarmed azomva maTi Sesatyvisobis Sesaferisadaa
upriani, viT politikuri sazogadoeba izomeba. ranairad
gaerTiandeba dabaRTan erTad miwaTmoqmedi, Tuki maTi qmnilebani
Tanafardobis msgavsebisdakvalad ar gaTanaswordebian? amrigad,
visac pirdapiri megobroba ara aqvs, misTvis sawyao analogi
iqneba. nimuSad, vincobaa vinme Civis, diadi sibrZne gaveci da
vercxli miviReo, man codna da simdidre unda Seupirispiros,
raTa gadawvitos Tu vis visi hmarTebs. viTarmed erTma gaaboZa
naxevari imisa raic nakleb mniSvnelovania, magram, meorem miiRo
imisgan - raic metad angariSgasawevia, gana sul mciredi da
pawawuna, im dros aSkaraa, is marTali ar aris. aqac iWvneuloba
TviT dasawyisSi iqneba, viRac ambobs, aseTi megobruli
kavSirebi mogebis gulisTvis yalibdebao, sxvani gveubnebian,
ara sargebelisaTvis, albaT romeliRac ucxo megobrobisTviso.
XI
zneobrivi kacs da saTno megobars rac Seexeba, gvmarTebs
ganvixiloT, sWirdeba vinZlo ara mas emsaxuro, xeli gaumarTo
da mxari dauWiro, Tu imas, visac xelSewyobisaTvis samagieros
gadaxda SeuZlia. es igive sakiTxia, rogoric is, romlis mixed-
viTac gvevaleba uaRresi keTildReoba megobars mivagoT vinZlo
karg Zexorcielso. Tuki igi megobaria da rigiani adamiania, didi
1. Sdr. Е.Но, 1164а15. amave istorias plutarqe dionise sirakuzelzec gviyveba.

(Dе Alexandri magni fortuna, 333Р).
wigni meSvide 247

ubedureba ar iqneba, Tu rom vinmem alag zedmeti gulmodgineba

gamoiCina da gadaamlaSa, SigadaSig mavans megobrobis mopovebis
gzaze SeeSala, imxanad, ra drosac sasurveloba zomierebas
moiTxovs; oRond vincobaa igi ar brZandeba megobari an vargisi
adamis Svili, imJamad bevri kiTxva wamoiWreba: magaliTisTvis,
viRac iyo, garna iqneba ki, meore iarsebebs, mainc egeb jer arc
aris, an romelime ukve sufevs magram darCeba Tu ar darCeba,
sxva gaxlavs, dia brZandeboda Tu ara uwin da vai Tu ar daSTeba
momavalSi; Tumc es yvelaferi erTob dabinduli ambavia. radgan
ranairadac Cans evripide marTali ar yofila, roca Tavis le-
qsSi Tqva:
sityvis migebad marTal sityvas qrTamad miitan 1.
da Svilebic yvelaferSi mamebis movaleni ki ar arian, maT

dedebis valic aqvT. Tumca mamas upiratesoba gaaCnia. radganac
arc zevss mierTmeva yvela msxverpli da aRarc yvela pativi
mas erTs miegeba, mainc xom zogierTi da albaT am mizeziTaa,
raRac ekuTvnis megobars romelic sargebelisaTvisaa da raime
megobars – zneobiTad rom iwodeba. sityvaze, egeba romeliRaca
iZleva purs da yvelafers aucilebels, sulac araa usaTuo
masTan erTad cxovrobde; saerTod, visTanac erTad myofob,
miucilebeli rodia aZlevde, rasac mas mihmadlebs margebeli
megobari, mainc kidevac unda gasceT is, rasac gaaboZebs misTvis
zneobiTi megobari. TumcaRa, vinc ase iqceva da yvelaze metad
sayvarels TiTqmis yvelafers ukeTebs, imasac ki, raic ar egebis,
aseTi kacni arafrad fasoben.
megobrobis yvela gansazRvrebani romelnic Cven ganvixi-
leT, raRac azriT megobrobas ganekuTvnebian, da bolos, ara
erTi da imaves. sargebelis maZiebel megobrobaSi orTave erT-
1. citata Cvenamde mouRwevel tragediidan.
248 wigni meSvide

maneTs sikeTes usurvebs, iqnebi Sen keTili kaci Tu rogoric

genebos (vinaidan am gvaris megobrobis gansazRvrebisas amaze
ar laparakoben); amboben agreTve, erT SemTxvevaSi megobroba
miznad erTad yofnas isaxavs, xolo meore ambavSi - Tanacxovre-
baso; kidev erTi ganmarteba - raJams siamovnebis mizniT mego-
brobaSi mokvdavebi tkivils da sixaruls inawileben - yvela
es garkveulobani ase Tu ise megobrobaze metyveleben, mainc,
TviT im erTs - erTaderT megobrobas arasdidebiT ar aSuqe-
ben. amis gamoa maTi simravle da yvela gansazRvreba uflebas
ganacxadebs maszed, raTa is erTaderTi davadginoT, magram es
ase ar aris, sityvaze, megobroba aris arCeviTi mjobineba imisa,
visTanac erTad yofna gvinda. keTilismyofeli da mflobeli
upiratesobisa sakuTari TavisTvis da Tavisi saqmisTvis arse-
bobs da wesia mwyalobels saqmiT mivuzRaT da masTanave viyoT,
TumcaRa masTan erTad rodi vicxovroT, oRond imasTan, vinac
sasiamovnoa.
xdeba xolme, zogierTi megobrebi erTmaneTisadmi usamarT-
loni gaxlavan; saqme isaa, maT gamorCena ufro izidavs, vidre
Tavad igi, visganac imedi aqvT rom miiReben; ai, amis Sedegadaa
viRacas iseTi megobari uyvars, ragvari vTqvaT Rvinoa, imad rom
sasiamovnoa, anda simdidres irCeven, imisaTvis avad Tu kargad
is sasargebloa; raxan qoneba erTob gamosadegi ram aris. ra-
sakvirvelia, am mizeziT gulmwyralobs igi, raki hgonia misgan
meti aiRes, cota ki misces. sxvani sasamarTloSi saCivriT garb-
ian; amjerad maT swadiaT zneobrivi megobari im kacis SvilSi
ipovnon, romelTan megobrobaSic isini uwin siamovnebasa da
sargebels eZebdnen.
wigni meSvide 249

XII
amasTanave, saWiroa ganvixiloT, rogori Tanafardobaa
TviTmkmarobasa da megobrobas Soris da agreTve Tu rarigaa
Sefardebuli erTmaneTTan maTi SesaZleblobebi. pirvelyov-
lisa aseTi siZnele warmoiSveba: rodesac kacxorcieli yvela
urTierTdamokidebulebisas TviTmkmaria, eyoleba Tu ara mas
megobrebi, vincobaa megobars raime saWiroebisaTvis eZeben, an
ara? zneobiTi miwis Svili nuTu umaRlesi xarisxiT TviTuz-
runvelyofili ar brZandeba? vinZlo vinme Tavisi saTnoebiT
gancxromilia, raSi sWirdeba mas megobari? TviTmyofad momak-
vdavs gana arc sargebelisTvis dasWirvebia vinme, arca sixaru-
lisTvis da arcTu TanacxovrebisaTvis, raxan mas Tavis TavTan
yofnac esakmariseba. yvelaze damajerebeli magaliTi - RmerTia.
rakiRa aSkaraa, mas araferi esaWiroeba, arc megobari dasWirdeba
da saerTod, imisTvis aravin ar iqneba arasodes aucilebeli.
Cans, met - naklebad netari Zexorcieli megobars yvelaze na-
kleb saWiroebs, imdenad, ramdenadac gardauvalia romgorme
damoukidebeli iyos. amis Sedegad imas, vinac ase an ise zneobriv
cxovrebas eweva, megobari usaTuod metismetad ukiduresad cota
eyoleba, da ufro da ufro SeuTxeldeba megobrebis rigi da is
ar unda ecados megobrebis SeZenas, aramed piriqiT, misTvis niS-
neulia ugulebelyofa ara marto sargebelis mizniT kavSirebisa,
agreTve TanacxovrebisaTvis megobrebis SerCevisac. gegoneba,
es kidev erTxel mowmobs, arcara sargebelisTvisaa megobari
da arcaRa gamorCenisaTviso. garna, megobari mxolod zneobiTi
rodi arsebobs. vinaTgan, romc araferi gvesaWiroebodes, maSinac
ki saqmeebSi Tanamonawileebs davZebnidiT da uwinaresad iseTebs,
romelTac Cven keTils vuyofdiT, vidre imgvarebs, romelTaganac
imedi gveqneboda wyalobis miRebisa. Tanac, rameTu TviTmkmarni
viqnebiT, Cven ukveTesad msjelobas SevZlebT im megobrebis
Rirsebaze, TanacxovrebisaTvis rom virCevT, an saWiroebisaTvis,
rawamsac Cven isini yvelaze Zalian dagvWirdebian.
250 wigni meSvide

aqve, am siZnelesTan SefardebiT unda ganvixiloT, aris ki

gansazRvreba sakmarisad zustad mocemuli da mas Sedareba xom
ar Crdilavs? es aSkaraa, vincobaa cxovrebas viTar mizanmimar-
Tulad moqmed sicocxles ise ganvsazRvravT. mas Semdeg cxadia,
kidec igrZnobs, kidevac icnobs da Sesabamisad Tanacxovrebas
Tana grZnobisa da erTad cnobis mniSvneloba eqneba. mxolod
igrZno da icno sakuTari Tavi - es TiToeulisaTvis metnaklebad
namjobinebia da amisaTvis yvelas sicocxlisaken miswrafeba aqvs
Tandayolili. viTarmed aucilebelia davadginoT, sicocxle - es
Taviseburi Semecnebaa. Sesabamisad, vai Tu vinmes `TavisTavadi
gamorkvevis~ gamocalkeveba moundeba, gamovyofT ra mas gaT-
viTcnobierebisagan (ar mcodneni imisa, rom garkvevis dros
amis dawera SesaZlebelia, mainc aki, sinamdvileSi SesaZloa
Sesruleba Zneli iyos), veRar gamovarCevT, sxva gamovavlineT
Tu sakuTari Tavi, es igivea, Sens magivrad mavanma icxovros.
amisTvis, keTilgoniereba iqneba SevTanxmdeT, Sen Tavs grZnobde
da cnobde bevrwilad ukveTesia. amgvarad Cven gvevaleba erT
gansazRvrebaSi orgvaroba SevaerTod: is, esden upriania cxovre-
ba da is, rom keTildReobac samjobinaria, da aqedan gamomdinare
msgavsi xasiaTi maTSi erTi da imav wesiT iarsebebs. ase, Tuki
upirates wyebaSi yovelTvisaa erTi romelime mwkrivi da meore,
mxolodRa vincobaa Sesacnobic da SesagrZnobic aris, saerTod
ukeTu vityviT, raTa SeverTvaT raime garkveulis bunebas, maSin
Sesabamisad, gvsurdes sakuTari Tavis SegrZneba gaxlavs survili
TavisTavad yofnisa, iseTis rogoric xar. ase, raki Cven ranic ar
unda viyoT, damoukideblad ar varT, dia imis ZaliT, amisTanad
Cven SesaZleblobebs grZnobis da Semecnebis meSveobiT aRviqvamT
(rakiRa mgrZnobiare SemgrZnebeli im dros da imis gamo iqmneba,
uwinares yovlisa rogor SeigrZnobs da da Semdgom rodis da ras,
ise, ranairadac gamgebi is xdeba, visac garkvevis unari gaaCnia).
Sesaferisad, saWiroa Seuneleblad Semtyvebarobdes, miT swadia
ganuwyvetlad cxovrobdes, mizezi ki isaa, igi gonebiT mwvdomia.
wigni meSvide 251
cxadia, vinZlo megobrobas ragvar Tanacxovrebas ise

ganvixilavT, imxanad aseTi gansazRvreba arc ise Rrmaazrovanad
mogveCveneba (is SesaZlebelia pirvel rigSi imas ganekuTvnos,
rac xalxs sxva cocxal arsebebTan aerTianebs, sityvaze iginic
erTad Wamen da svamen; rakiRa, ra mniSvneloba aqvs maTTvis,
vinc erTmaneTis siaxloves cxovrobs, amas erTad Tu cal
- calke gaakeTeben, vincobaa gamWriaxi laparakis meoxebiT
urTierTdamokidebulebas Tu ar CavTvliT? mokled, Tuki sul
erTia Tavaziani sityviT visTan urTierTob, amisgan agreTve
Zalze cotaTi gansxvavdeba. masTan erTad, rodesac megobrebi
TviTmyofadebi brZandebian, maT ver gaanaTleb da maTgan verc
ganiswavlebi: vinaTgan Tu romelime maT Soris myofi swavlobs,
es imas niSnavs, mas saTanado TviTmkmaroba ara aqvs, ukeTu
dabrZendeba, ganaTlebas megobrisgan ki ar miiRebs, rameTu
megobroba diaRac - mgvanobaa); TumcaRa ki, SesaZlebelia danaxva
imisa, rom Cven yvelani megobrebTan erTad keTildReobaTagan
xalisiT vinawilebT imas, raic gvsiamovnebs, SeZlebisdagvarad
visac ramdeni saukveTeso daacvindeba, zedac, viRacisTvis es
sxeulebrivi siamovnebaa, vinmesTvis - muskaluri xelovneba,
vieTnTaTvis ki - filosofiaa. rasakvirvelia, megobrebs
hmarTebT erTad iyvnen (tyvilad rodi amboben: `saxifaToa,
vai Tu megobari Sorsaao~), amis gamo gansacdelisas ar aris
marTebuli megobrebi erTmaneTs TvalTaxedvidan kargavdnen.
zedmiwevniT amisTvis siyvaruli megobrobas hgavs: moyvarulic
TiTqos cdilobs ar moscildes Tavis sayvarels, xolo imad
ki ar, raTa es asea mizanSewonili, mainc grZnobas emorCileba.
ase rom, gansazRvreba amas ver umklavdeba, miuxedavad amisa
saqmiT cxaddeba, rom yvela es siZnele gvabnevs da monaCmaxia.
amisTvis ganvixilavT Tu sadaa WeSmariteba. megobari viT amboben
da rogoradac Cven yvelas gvinda, aris `meore herakle~, `meore
252 wigni meSvide

me~1. magram es `sxva me~ Cvengan daSorebulia, agreTve, Znelia

yvelaferi Seneuli sxva erT romelimeSi ipovno; miuxedavad
amisa, Cveni bunebidan gamomdinare erTi yovelTvis yvelaze
uaxloesi da umSobliuresia, sxeulis gansakuTrebulobiT mas
hgavs meore, sxva ki sulis TvisebebiT emsgavseba da ase SeiZleba
garCeva nawil - nawil da TiToeuls Tavis oreuls upovniT. mainc
kidevac, megobarsac xom aranakleb SeuZlia nawilebad ganirCe-
odes. am mizeziT, aucilebelia megobars TiToeuli kuTvnil
Tavad grZnobdes da zustad ise Seicnobdes sakuTar Tavs, viTar
megobars miagnebs. am mizeziT keTilgonivrulia megobarTan er-
Tad ubralo sixarulsa da siamovnebas inawilebde, Tu masTan
Tanacxovrob (viTarmed misi da Seni grZnoba erTmaneTs yovelT-
vis emTxveva) da miT umetesad RvTaebrivi siamovnebani. mizezi
ki isaa - yovelTvis sasiamovnoa Cven Tavebs SeZlebisdagvarad
ufrois met keTildReobaSi vWvretdeT. es ki xan gancdad gvev-
lineba, zogjer moqmedebad, drodadro raime sxvad da vincobaa
Tavad kargad cxovrobs, rigianad boginobs misi megobaric,
Tanacxovreba erTurTisTvis Semweobis aRmoCenas niSnavs da ra
Tqma unda yvelaze meti sazogadoeba imas hyavs, vinc umaRlesi
xelisuflebiTaa aRWurvili. amisaTvisaa aucilebeli sanaxao-
bebze da nadimebze erToblivad daswreba, gamokvebisTvis da sxva
saWiroebebisTvis ki ara, erTian siamovnebisaTvis, imJamad es
iqneba mowmoba megobrul siaxlovisa. oRond yvelas survilia
gaataros Tavisi cxovreba im pirebTan erTad, romelTac is mova-
leobiT SeiZleba gautoldes, oRond, Tuki vinme Tanamdebobebs
ar survobs, igi umeteswilad upiratesobas megobrebisaTvis
sikeTis qmnas da maTganac wyalobis miRebas aniWebs.
1. gamonaTqvams `megobari – meore me~ diogene laerteli filosofiis stoikuri

skolis damaarsebel (VIII, 23) zenon kitiels miawers. porfiriuss cnobil
biografiaSi misi sityvebi TiTqos piTagoras gamonaTqvami ise mohyavs. (33).
Sdr. e. n., 1159а7 - 12.
wigni meSvide 253

amrigad, cxadia, megobrebma erTad unda icxovron, radgan

umetesobas yvelaze metad esa swadia, da es naklebi rodia, vidre
yvelaze netarT da zneobrivT miekuTvnebode. rac gansazRvrebi-
dan ar gamoaSkaravebula, isic agreTve gacxadda, ra wamsac Cven
davinteresdiT Tu rarig xdeba es yvelaferi sinamdvileSi. ama
Tu im rameebis warmatebuli Sedareba namdvili gadawyvetilebis
miRebaSi gvexmareba. aki ufalsac ar sWirdeba megobari, saWiroa
RmerTis magvaric aseTi iyos. rom amnairad gansjisas rigiani
kaci agreTve arc iazrovnebs: vinaidan dambadebeli adamianiviT
keTili ar aris, garna kidev ufro mSvidobiania da ar saWiroebs
raimeze azrovnebas garda sakuTari Tavisa. mizezi isaa, radganac
Cemi da Seni bedniereba sxvisgan warmoiSveba, uzenaesi ki Tavad
aris Tavis sakuTari sikeTe.
Cveni SexedulebiT ar cdebian, romelnic fiqroben, bevri
megobris SeZena sanaqebo saqmea da isinic marTlebi gaxlavan,
vinaidan amboben `visac megobari mravlad hyavs, mas ar moepoveba
arcerTi megobario~1. - erTic da meorec samarTliania. viRacas
sicocxleSi bevr adamis SvilTan axlos Sexeba, maTi gancdebiT
cxovreba uwevs, - amgvari kacis SvilisaTvis didZali megobris
yolaa samjobinari; mainc, raxan es yovelive metad Tavsamtvre-
via, aucilebelia, mcire raodenoba megobrebisa mas namdvili
da guliTadi hyavdes, am mizeziT ara marto saZneloa gamrav-
leba ukve SeZenil megobrebis ricxvisa (gevaleba isini agreTve
gamoscado), dastur imaTi Rirseulad gamoyenebac, romelnic
ukve mogepoveba.
zogjer gvinda, CvenTvis Zvirfasi Cvengan Sors myofi arx-
einad cxovrobdes, xanac gvwadia, is yofnas CvenTan erTad in-
awilebdes, xdeba, radResac Tanadroulad erTic gveprianeba
da meorec - da es yvela survili megobrobas axasiaTebs. vi-
1. am aforizms diogene laerteli aristoteles sayvarel gamonaTqvamTa Soris

asaxelebs. (V, 21).
254 wigni meSvide

naTgan, vincobaa daSvebulia, rom megobrebi erTad rCebodnen

da dRekeTilobdnen, mas Semdeg eWv gareSea yvela amas airCevs;
Tu rom erTic da meorec dauSvebelia, _ saxeldobr, viTarmed
herakles deda amjobinebda, misi Svili RmerTi yofiliyo, vidre
masTan darCeniliyo da evrisTeias1 momsaxureboda. amis msgavsad
upasuxebda isic, romelsac spartanelma dascina, roca mas ga-
lumpuls da gaToSils urCia Svelad dioskurebisTvis exmo2.
rogorc miiCneven, moyvarulisTvis damaxasiaTebelia sakuTar
gansacdelTagan daicvas da daifaros Tvisi Seyvarebuli, rode-
sac sayvareli piriqiT, Tanamonawileobas moiTxovs da SesaZle-
belia erTic da meorec erTmaneTs daemTxves. megobarisTvis mego-
brobiT siamovneba veranairma wyenam ver unda gadaZalos; agreTve
Tvlian, megobars hmarTebs imas ki ar aupiratesebdes rac Tavad
mas moswons, aramed raic megobarso. swored amitomaa megobars
TavianT ubedurebis Jams xvedrs ar unawileben, raki maTTvis
is gaWirvebuli mdgomareobac sakmarisia, im mizniT, ise ar ga-
moCndes, mxolod sakuTar Tavze zrunaven da moxarulni iqnebian
vai Tu megobarsac daanaRvlianebeno, vinZlo gadawyvites, Wiri
sxvasTan erTad gaiziaron; amasTanave, maT eSiniaT sulmokled
gamotyvromisa, ukeTu gansacdels martoni ar gaumklavdebian.
ros SesaZlebeli iqneba droulad arCeva erTisac da meorisac,
maSin raRa Tqma unda isini gancxromas moklebulni erTmaneTis
gverdiT yofnas amjobineben, vidre cal-calke iyvnen da met
1. am azris ganviTareba ix. : e. n., 1159а7 - 12.

2. dioskurebi _ ledas Svilebi, elenes Zmebi, eTayvanebodnen spartaSi, kas-
tori da polidevke (poluqsi), gadmocemiT an oriveni iyvnen zevsis Svilebi,
an erTi maTgani _ polidevke, magram saswaulebrivi unari orives miewereba.
orive jariskacebisa da mezRvaurebis mfarvelad miiCneva. rogorc Cans sparta-
nelma ar isurva, megobrulad ganwyobili misi patronebi Tavisi problemebiT
daemZimebina. misTvis damkvirvebels ra SeeZlo eTqva? ar aris gamoricxuli
megobrisaTvis mniSvnelovani sxvisi keTildReobaa vidre piradi? magram, di-
oskurebisTvis ra unda CaiTvalos sikeTed?
wigni meSvide 255

warmatebas miaRwion. odes gaurkvevelia, ra safasurad iqnebian

erTad, aq yvela Taviseburadaa, mxolod orTave mzadaa nebism-
ieri bedi gainawilon, viT megobrobisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli,
erTi da igive sadilisgvarad, ranairadac amboben, ugemrielesia
ra drosac mas megobarsac uwiladeb; sxvani ki piriqiT, sxvas
irCeven, raJams Tanxmdebian, Tu vityviT, saRebavebs asqeleben,
erTad jandabamdisac gza gvqoniao, vidre cal - calke keTil-
dReobdnen ragvar RmerTebi.
lamis igive SeiZleba iTqvas ubedurTebaTa gamo. rakiRa
xandaxan Cven ar gveprianeba megobrebi CvenTan erTad iyvnen da
wuxdnen, rawamsac ramis gakeTeba SeuZlebelia, mxolodRa ise
araferi ar gvesurvileba, viT megobrebis siaxlove. marTalia,
erTi meoresTan ver Tanxmdeba, samagierod erTob gasagebia,
gansakuTrebiT radResac (es im surviliT warmoiSveba, romlis
ZaliTac) ar gvinda megobars CvensaviT danaRvlianebuls da
savsebiT ususurs vxedavdeT, - meores mxriv, saamoa megobris
xilva da araferia ufrosRa sasiamovno, im mizeziT, romelzec
Cven vilaparakeT, metadre, vincobaa igi iseve ar itanjeba,
rarig Sen Tavad; amis gamoa, romeli grZnobac gadaswonis,
iseTivea Cveni survilic: gvinda Tu ara megobars gverdiT
vxedavdeT. dia, roca saubari yvelaze uareszea, xdeba igiv
da imav sababiT, vinaTgan mxolod TavkerZa kacxorcielebs ar
surT gafiqrebac imisa, megobrebs bedi swyalobT da bednierad
boginobeno, rodesac Tavad isini cudad iqnebian. amis Sedegia,
xandaxan urTierTmkvleli sayvarlebi wuTisoflidan erTad
gadian, maTSi Zlieria SegrZneba sakuTari ubedurebisa, viTar
magaliTad, masSi, vinc odesRac bedsvianad cxovrobda, es axsovs
da ubedurebas Znelad gadaitans, vidre is miwis Svili, romelmac
icis, rom yovelTvis gaWirvebulad icxovrebs.
256 wigni meSvide

dioskurebi: kastori da polidevkosi
wi
w i g ni m e r ve
1
sxvadasxva sirTulis mizeziT aseTi kiTxvac warmoiSveba:
SesaZlebelia Tu ara ragindara raimeTi [pirdpiri] daniSnule-
biT sargebloba, an rogorme sxvagvarad anda sulac meorex-
arisxovnad. vTqvaT, Tvali [gamoiyeneba rom] vxedavdeT da kidev
- vibRviroT, ase rom, ganuyofeli sagani ordeba. orive ambavSi
Tvali [moixmareba] rogorc samzeri, xolo, xdeba xolme, sx-
vagvaradac moimarjveba, magaliTad, roca gascemen da orgulo-
ben. msgavsad amisa, ra drosac saqme codnas Seexeba: miT SeiZleba
an sworad visargeblod anda arasworad. ase sityvaze, Tu wer-
ilSi Secdomebs ganzrax uSveben, maSin [codniT] sargebloben ise
rogorc arcodniT, TiTqos xeli gaimrudeso, aseve mocekvave
qali, zogjer fexs xeliviT xmarobs, oRond xels - fexiviT.
Sesabamisad, Tu yvela saTnoeba codnis dedaarsia, im dros
SesaZlebeli iqneba samarTlianoba usamarTlobad gamoviyenoT
da imxanad umarTlod igi moiqceva, vinac [samarTlianobis]
grZnobis mqonebelia, ukanono saqmes gaakeTebs, msgavsad im
mencarisa1 romelic umecariviT iqceva. vincobaa es gardauvalia,
1. 46а36 - b I: am nawyvetSi wamoWrili sakiTxi m. m. I 1182b15 Sia ganxiluli,

sadac mtkicdeba, rom sokrate marTali ar iyo roca igi saTnoebas codnasTan
aigivebda. agreTve e. e. IV (=E.N. V), 1129а6 - 15, sadac samarTlianoba / us-
amarTlobis magaliTze codnis Tvisebisagan gansxvavebaa gacxadebuli (ε̈ξις).
258
mas Semdeg cxadia, zneobriobani codnani ver iqnebian. kidevac,

Tu cnobis mflobelma SeuZlebelia àr icodes~ da dasaSvebia
mxolod cdebodes, iqmodes imas, rasac ubiri moimoqmedebs,
[sulerTia vin iqneba, ixelmZRvanelebs ra] marTebulebiT, Tavs
ise aravin daiWers, ranairadac moiqceva is, visac usamarTloba
[umeTaurebs].
ai, radgan goniereba - sacnaurobaa da raRac sinamdvilea1,
igi codnisebr imoqmedebs. gamodis, [mogviwevs] daSveba imisa,
vixelmZRvanelebT ra windaxedulobiT, Tavs moviugunurebT
da imav Secdomebs davuSvebT, ragvarsac briyvi. amgvar znisani,
Wkvadamjdarnic Tavs iseve daiWeren, [TiTqos ar yofiliyos
sxva, garda] calsaxad gamosayenebeli raimesi, rarig aseTis.
sacnaurobis [moxmarebaSi] es gardatexa sagangebo codnas2 war-
moSobs, mxolod, ra ganapirobebs TviT imis SigniT am Semobrune-
bas, romelic meTauria yovlisa? [masze maRla mdgomi] aki arc
codnaa da arca gonebaa. yovel SemTxvevaSi [masSi gardatexas]
zneobrioba ki ar [axdens], radganac mas gonivruloba iyenebs,
vinaidan damqvemdebareblis saTnoeba xelqveiTis gulrbilobiT
sargeblobs.
maS, ra aris es? ise xom araa saqme, rarig im SemTxvevaSi,
rodesac amboben, TavSeukavebloba zadia sulis ugono nawilisao
an uzomod sulwasuli, TiTqos, aRviraxsniliao: mas aqvs Wkua,
magram, sakmarisia mZafri survili aRmocendes, [azrTa svla]
ukuiqceva da sapirispirod imsjelebs? [vinZlo piriqiT], odes
[gonebamixdil ubanSi] saTnoebaa, aki gonierSi _ ucodinroba
1. 46b4 - 36: aristotele sokrates Tvalsazrisze dgeba saTnoeba (keTilg-

oniereba) codnaao. rwmundeba ra mis uunarobaSi, askvnis gonebadamjdaroba
_ zneobaa da ara codnao.
2. `meTauri yovlisa~ (κυρία) _ e. e Si 1, 1218b13 aristotelem masSi saxelmwifo
mecniereba, diasaxlisoba da praqtikuli keTilgoniereba (saRi azrovneba)
CarTo e. n I Si mas 1094а26 - 28 `saxelmwifos Sesaxeb mecnierebas (politikas)
uwodebs~.
wigni merve 259

gvaqvs, aSkaraa kidev erTi saxeoba qcevisa? dasaSvebi iqneba, ese

igi, umarTloba borotebis Jams samarTlianobiT isargeblebs,
garna gonebianobiT - siSlege, amasTan amis sapirispiroc unda
warmoiSves. marTlac, warmoudgenelia, sulis Smag kuTxeSi da-
tusaRebulma uvargisobam, gonebamoqnili monakveTis saTnoeba
umecrebad moatrialos da mimarTos, dia zneobriobam Serekil
ubnisa sulis gonebagaxsnil naWerSi moTavsebuli umecreba ver
Semoabrunos, gziani gansja da veRarc saTanado moqmedeba ver
aiZulos; kidev, [SeuZlebelia], gamWriaxi nawilis patimarma
sazrianobam, [ver gadaabrunos, verc daavaldebulos] goneba-
Clung ubnis tusaRs Tavgasulobas keTilgonivruli moqmedeba,
rac savaraudod TavSekavebuleba unda iyos. gamodis, SeSlili
[adamianebic] windaxedulad moiqcevian.
es roSvaa, gansakuTrebiT is, rom [saTnoeba] ucodinro-
bis gavlenis drosac SesaZlebelia Wkvianurad gamoviyenoT.
sxva SemTxvevebSi Cven TiTqos amas versad vawydebiT. nimuSad,
aRviraxsniloba mkurnalobis xelovnebas da werilebs aukuR-
marTebs, mainc, umecrebas sulac ar [aicilebs], Tu rom igi mas
upirispirdeba. saqme isaa, is samjobino ar gaxlavT: mTlianobaSi,
upirates poziciaze ufro saTnoebaa vidre biwiereba. diaRac
samarTlians SeuZlia gaakeTos yvelaferi, rasac usamarTlo
Caidens, da saerTod `SesaZlebeli~ ~SeuZlebelsac~ gulisxmobs.
amitom cxadia, SorsmWvretelobasTan sulis uWkuo nawilis
rigiani ganwyobani arian dakavSirebulni, namdvilad amtkicebda
sokrate, araferia metad Zlieri vidre WkuaTmyoflobao, Tumc
marTali ar iyo, ros amas igi mecnierebad naTlavda, raxan is
- zneobrioba mecniereba ki ar, aramed uwinaresad Semecnebis
gansakuTrebuli gvaria.
260 wigni merve

II
keTildReoba1 ara mxolod windaxedulebas da zneobas
eboZeba, dRekeTilebs me da Sen iRblian bedkeTilebsac veZa-
xiT, gvgonia, svebednierobasTan yismaTian xvedrs mivyavarT da
TviT imavesTan, sadac codna migviyvans. saWiroa amis mixedviT
ganvixiloT, svian bedkeTilad an uiRblod rogori adamiani
gvevlineba da raSia aq saqme. Cven vxedavT arseboben yismaTiane-
bi, Ster adamisSvilebs bediswera erTob swyalobT iq, romel
adgilasac SemTxveviToba mefobs, mxolod zogierTs iqac, sadac
ostatobaa saWiro, mainc faTerakiTac bevria gamowveuli, si-
tyvaze, mxedarTmTavrobis da xomaldis marTvis dros. maS ase,
[ismis kiTxva, damokidebulia Tu ara maTi iRblianoba] romelime
yaidaze, Tuki isini TavianTi piradi TvisebiT bedisnebieroben?
axla [miRebulia] fiqri, TiTqos aseTni bunebiT arian. [kacis
Svilebs] garkveuli TvisobriobaTa mqoneebad buneba qmnis, da
ukve dabadebidan [kacxorcielni] erTnairebi ar gaxlavan da
msgavsad imisa, rom zogni qerani moipovebian da zognic Savgvri-
manni, raki SehferiT zustad amnairni [da ara imnairni] iyvnen
isini TavianTi bunebis ZaliT, - namdvilad ase, erTni qudbediani
brZandebian da meoreni - uiRbloni.
savsebiT cxadia, warmateba maT gonebadamjdarobiT ar mi-
udiT. windaxeduleba angariSugebeli rodia da SeiZleba sabuTi
warmoadginos, vinZlo ratom iqceva ase, imxanad, raJams [iR-
bliani bedkeTilebi] ver axsnian, yismaTi ris gamo swyalobT,
sxvagvarad es ostatobad darCeboda. gana maTi ugunureba
sulac gareSe rameebSi ar vlindeba, raSic ucnauri araferi
ar iqneboda, rakiRa [sakmarisia gavixsenoT] hipokrate - geome-
1. 46b37: aristotele keTildReobas (εὺπραγία) an davlaTianobas (εὐπραξία)

bednierebasTan aigivebs. Sdr. : `politika~ VII 1325 a 21; `ritorika~ I, 1360 b
l4; `fizika~ II, 197 b 5.
wigni merve 261

tri1, romelic sxva rameebSi danavsuli gonebamixdili Canda,

bizantiaSi naosnobisas sasamarTlo baJis amkrefTagan Tavisi
sibriyviT dazaralda da bevri oqro dakarga. ara! isini Smagni
yofilan iq, sadac maT sve - bedi SeeyrebaT. saxomaldo saqmeSi
gamarjvebulni yvelaze gawafulni sulac ar iqnebian, oRond
ranairadac saTamaSo Zvlebis yris drosaa. erTs araferi ar
daacvindeba, meore ki nebivrobs ragvar bunebisgan warmatebuli,
anda imis gamo, amboben, is RmerTs uyvars, anu gamarjveba [mas-
Tan] garedan modiso. ase, Zalze cudad agebuli xomaldi friad
kargad curavs, mxolodRa im mizeziT ki ara, rom imgvaria, mas
kargi mesaWe hyavs. qudbedian iRblians rigiani meproris mag-
ivrobas am SemTxvevaSi `keTili suli~ uwevs, is misi [demonia].
Tumca gaugonaria RmerTs an demons zedmiwevniT imisTana da ara
saukveTeso an uSegnebulesi uyvardes. ese igi, vinaTgan warmateba
garduvalia, igi an bunebrivi TvisebiT, anda gonebiT, an sulac
vinmes mzrunvelobiT [unda gaCndes], aki aqedan ori piroba ar
gveqneba, gamodis, qudbediani iRblianebi zniT gaxlavan.
amisda mixedviT - buneba mizezia imisa, raic yovelTvis an
umetesad Seucvlelia, SemTxveviToba raRac amis sapirispiroa.
Sesabamisad, rameTu Tavgadasaxadis niSandoblioba - angari-
Sianobis winaaRmdeg raimeSi moswrebaa da Tu rom iRbliani
sviani [bedkeTili] faTerakis wyalobiTaa, mas Semdeg aq sababi
is ver iqneba, rac yovelTvis an erTob xSirad erTsa da imaves
warmoSobs. amnairad, vai Tu vinme raimes aswrebs an ver aswrebs
misTvs damaxasiaTebeli Tvisebrobis Sedegad, msgavsad imisa
rawamsac naTelTvaleba cudad xedavs, amis sababi xabari ki
ar aris, bunebaa da amitomac igi `bedsviani~ ar iqneba, oRond
1. hipokrate qioseli – piTagoreli, maTematikosi, me V e saukunis Sua, ar-

istotele `sofistur uaryofis Sesaxeb~ TxzulebaSi 171b15) hipokrates
wris kvadraturis naxazs moixseniebs. plutarqe misi vaWrobiT gatacebaze
mogviTxrobs (`soloni~ 2).
262 wigni merve

TiTqos `bunebisagan dajildovebuli~. aserigad, Cven gvevaleba

vTqvaT Semdegi: isini, visac `bednier varskvlavze dabadebulebs~
vuwodebT, aseTni gauTvaliswineblobis mizeziT ar brZandebian.
viTarmed yvela is keTildReoba SemTxveviTobas ganekuTvneba,
romelTa mizezic - `bednieri moulodnelobaa~.
ukeTu saqmis viTareba amnairia, ismis kiTxva: SesaZloa dasa-
marTi saerTod arc gvegulvodes, xolo Tu sufevs, mizeziviT is
ver iarsebebs? ara, igi uciloblad iqneba da sababi iqneba. gamo-
dis zogierTTaTvis is dRekeTilobaTa an mware bedTa braladac
gadaiqceva. faTeraki kidevac ar unda gamovricxoT da ar vTq-
vaT, aserigad raime dasamarTiao, radgan Tavgadasaxads mizezad
amisTvis vasaxelebT, sxva namdvili sababi CvenTvis uxilavia da
radResac faTeraks iseT `sababad ganixilaven, romelic miwis
Svilis gamoTvlas ar emorCileba~, varaudoben, mis ukan raRac
arsi imalebao, - es gansakuTrebulad garCevis sagania.
roca Cven vxedavT, vieTnT bedi ewviaT, kvlav da kvlav ratom
ar unda adgnen karg fexze isini? marTlac, rasac warmatebasTan
erTxel mivyavarT, [masTan] xelmeoredac migvamTxvevs, rameTu
aq mizezi erTi da igivea. gamodis, es ucnauri ambavi ar iqneba.
amgvarad, ra drosac erTnairi yovel jerze ganusazRvreli da
dausazRvreli [wyaroebidan] [gamomdinareobs], is an sasikeTo
gaxlavs an uxeiro, magram ar iqneba igi codnis [Sedegi], ro-
melic gamocdilebazea damyarebuli, sxvagvarad masSi zogierTi
iRbliani svebednierni gaiwafebodnen, an viT sokrate gveubneba,
SeiZleboda yvela codna svian iRbalis momtani yofiliyoo. maS
ra uSliT xels [aseT bedqmnil xvedrT] xSir - xSirad rom dag-
vacvindes Tavze, - iqneb imad ara, rogorme aucileblad saWiroa
amgvarad iyos, msgavsad saTamaSo Zvlebis iRbliani gatyorcnisa.
raSia saqme? egeba sulSi aRtyinebani arsebobs: erTni - gan-
sjisani, sxvani - Slegi midrekilebisani da es ukanasknelni -
pirveloben? vincobaa mZafri daqrolva da bunebrivi swrafva
imiskenaa mimarTuli raic siamovnebas gvaniWebs, im dros yove-
wigni merve 263

live bunebrivi sakeTildReo iqneba. arseboben mokvdavebi dabade-

bidan mimadlebulni TiTqos darad momRerlebisa, romelTac ar
uswavliaT Tuki rogoradac SeSveniT imReron da galoben, _
isini bunebiT arian nawyalobevni da gatacebas msjelobis gareSe
eZlevian, TavianTi arsis Sesabamisad maT surT is, im dros da
ise, ranairadac es saWiroa isec iyos, rogorc aucilebelia,
rac miucilebelia da ragvaradacaa uTuo; [am xalxs] bedi swya-
lobs, TumcaRa gonebaClungnic iyvnen da uyairaTonic, mgvanad
[im momRerlebisa], romelnic kargad aguguneben da ar SeuZliaT
[simRera] sxvasac aswavlon. arc meti arc naklebi, am saxiT gax-
lavan iRbliani svianni - isini, romelnic umTavresad warmatebas
uangariSod aRweven. Sesabamisad iRbliani bedkeTilni amgvarni
bunebiT brZandebian.
SesaZlebelia, gamoTqmas `qudbedianoba~ bevri mniSvnelobac
aqvs. zogjer iq gvxvdeba, sadac aRtkinebaa da gulzraxvaa
raimes gakeTebisa, oRond sxva SemTxvevebSi _ iq, ra adgilas
saqme piriqiTaa. pirvel ambavSi Cven vambobT `qudbeddayolili
iRbali~, rodesac warmateba gvxvda, rogorc Cans, uxeiro
varaudis miuxedavad, meore SemTxvevaSi ki odes undodaT sxva
keTildReobas dauflebodnen, an naklebs vidre miiRes. pirvel
ambavSi [adamianebs] SeuZliaT iRblian bednierebad bunebrivi
mizezebiT iqcnen, viTarmed maT aRtkinebas da swrafvas romelmac
warmateba moutanaT, saTanado mimarTuleba hqonda, daRaTu
gaTvla ugunuri iyo; es iseTi SemTxvevaa, ros viTar Cans, varaudi
arasworia, da bolos anazdad mis mizezad mgznebare survili iqca
da man viTareba gadaarCina; amasTan, xdeba, [zogierTi] susxian Jins
minebebuli isev msjelobas Seudgeba da marcxdeba. gana SesZlebs
am meore SemTxvevaSi bednieri etli bunebiT midrekilebis
marTebulebaze da mZafr survlze iyos damokidebuli? amrigad,
radganac pirvel ambavSi bednieri varskvlavi da SemTxveviToba
_ sxvadasxva ramaa, garna meore ambavSi erTmaneTs TanaemTxvevian,
bedkeTili yismaTic Sesabamisad bevria.
264 wigni merve

amnairad, is rom zogierTni, miuxedavad umecrebisa da

araswori varaudisa vxedavT mainc sve-bediani yofilan, cxa-
dad gviCvenebs, es rameebi sulac ar gaxlavan mizezni sviani
iRbalisa1. aris is an iqneb ar aris qudbediani xvedri, romel-
mac isurva, raic unda yofiliyo da ranairadac saWiroa ise
yofiliyo? [SemTxveviToba Cven aki im mizezs vuwodeT] romelic
kacur gaangariSebas ar emorCileba, amis Sedegad is [umetnak-
lebod mimarTuli survilis] sababad ver CaiTvleba, vinaidan aq
varaudis gareSe iolad ver gavalT da mZafri survac ubralod
`bunebrivi~ ar aris, raxan SesaZlebelia igi raimes mier ga-
nadgurdes. fiqroben, svebednieri wera iqaa saZiebeli, sadac
gaTvlasTan gaZalianebuli warmoSobis mizezi faTerakiao. [is,
ris Sesaxebac Cven axla vlaparakobT,] varaudis sapirispi-
rod ibadeba, raki `codnis da sayovelTao wesebis winaaRmdeg~
[warmoiqmneba]; es, Cans SemTxveviTi ar gaxlavs, mxolod, Cven
gveCveneba xabaris gamoisobiT xdeba. amgvarad, mosazreba ar amt-
kicebs, bednieri gangeba bunebrivi Tvisebebis Sedegiao, mxolod
[gviCvenebs], imaTgans, vinac iRbliani sviani gvgonia, yovels
ki ar swyalobs bedi SemTxveviTobis gamoisobiT, dia bunebriv
TvisebaTa mfarvelobiT [mxolodRa zogierTni warmatebulan].
igi ar gvidasturebs faTeraki mizeziT sulac ar ariso, Tum-
caRa imas asabuTebs, yvela Tavgadasaxadis dros ase rodi xdeba,
sadac es gveCvenebao.
1. 48аl - b7: akvirdeba ra im situaciebs, rodesac warmateba adamianTan SemTx-

veviT modis, da ara misi gonebis, codnis an bunebriv Tvisebebis wyalobiT,
aristotele cdilobs SeRwevas am araprognozirebad fardis miRma, raTa
movlena gamoaaSkaravos, gansazRvros igi. eZebs Tavwyaros, saidanac adamianis
rogorc intuitiuri, aseve azrobrivi aqtiuroba moedineba da sakuTar Tavs
kiTxvas usvams: ra aris sulSi moqmedebis sawyisi? amgvar sawyisad igi ` CvenSi
RvTaebrivs~ miiCnevs, rom RmerTi aris moqmedebis dasawyisi mTel msoflioSi.
am postulats aristotele mihyavs daskvnamde, bednierebis ori saxeoba ar-
sebobs. _ RvTaebrivi iRbali, romelic intuitiur kveTebasTanaa TanxmobaSi
da iRbali, romelic aRtkinebis sapirispirod dgebao.
wigni merve 265

garTulebas amisTana kiTxvac dahbadebs: SesaZlebelia Tu

ara SemTxveviToba iqces mizezad imis yvelaze mZafri survisa,
rac saWiroa da rodesacaa aucilebeli? es yvela ambavSi di-
aRac ar gveqneba, [TiTqos iqneba Tavgadasaxadi brali] fiqrisa
da ganxilvisa? marTlac, aravin iwyebs kvlav garCevas, vinZlo
ganxilvas win ganxilva uZRoda, mainc, aq raRac saTavea; arc
vinme wamoiwyebs fiqrs manam, vidre mofiqrali dafiqrdeba da
ase usasrulod. gamodis, azri ar brZandeba azrovnebis dasabami
da mza gadawyvetileba ganxxilvis xelis miyofa ar gaxlavs. maS
sxva ra unda iyos es saTave] Tu ara ucnauri ambavi? Sesabamisad
yvelaferi SesaZloa SemTxveviTobidan [momdinareobdes].
an, iqneb raRac sawyisi arsebobs, romlisTvisac sxva gare
amosavali ar aris da igi Tavisi gamokveTili Tvisebis ZaliT
garkveul saqmis gakeTebas SesZlebs? Cvens mier gamokvleuli
sakiTxi aseTia: `raa sulis moZraobis wyaro?~ cxadia, ranaira-
dac saerTod, aseve aqac es - RmerTia. RvTaeba CvenSi erTgvarad
yovlismamoZravebelia. gonebis sawyisi - Tavad goneba ar yofila,
xolo raRac ufrosRa Zlieri. amnairad, ra SeiZleba iyos mec-
nierebaze [codnaze] da fiqrze [gonebaze] umetes Zlevamosili, Tu
ara RmerTi? is [ver iqneba] saTnoeba, rakiRa igi gonebis iaraRia.
amis gamoa, ragvar vambobdi, iRblian bednierebs imaT uwodeben,
romelnic eZlevian ra aRtkinebas, uvaraudod warmatebulni br-
Zandebian da ganxilvas ar saWiroebenTqo; isini diaRac uaRresad
Zalum Tavwyaros floben, vidre Wkua da gansjaa (aki, visac aqvs
goneba, maT es ara gaaCniaT), isini STagonebiT Sepyrobilan, magram
msjeloba ar SeuZliaT, vinaTgan warmatebas varaudis gareSe
aRweven. gonier brZenTa winaswarmetyvelebis xelovanebac saqmes
aseve male audis, miuxedavad amisa [gaTvlaze damyarebul winas-
warmetyvelebaTa] ukugdebac agreTve ar egebis, raJamsac erTni
dakvirvebisas Tavis sakuTar gamocdilebas iyenebs, sxvani - miRe-
bul wesCveulebebs, pirvel SemTxvevaSi RvTaeba monawileobs. igi
momavalsac da awmyosac gvarianad Wvrets, namdvilad SerekilTa
266 wigni merve

msgavsad. am mizeziTaa melanqolikebi marTal sizmrebs xedaven.

rogorc Cans Tavwyaro ufrosad mZlavrad iq moqmedebs, saidanac
goneba mocilebulia. ase brmebi gansakuTrebulmexsierebisani
arian, vinaTgan, damaxsovrebis unari imJamad Zlierdeba, rawams
xedviTi [mgrZnobiaroba] ar arsebobs.
aserigad, cxadia, bednieri iRbali ornairia. [misi pirvel-
saxe] - RvTaebrivi bedia, ratomac gveCveneba, yismaTiani RmerTis
wyalobiTaa warmatebulio, masTan minaRwevari misi aRtkinebis
Tanaxmad modiso. meore SemTxvevaSi gamarjveba aRmafrenis
miuxedavad moipovebao. orTave ambavSi varaudisTvis adgili
ar rCeba. bedkeTilobis pirveli saxeoba bevrwilad ucvlelia,
meore - cvalebadia.
III
maszed, rac TiToeul saTnoebas cal - calke Seexeba,
Cven ukve vTqviT. axla, roca maTTvis kerZod niSandobliv
SesaZleblobebSi gaverkvieT, gvevaleba safuZvlianad maTgan
[warmoSobili] saTnoebac ganvmartoT. aki igi - ùTvalRebo
mSvenierebad~ movnaTleT. am saxeliT saxeldebulebas saCinoa
kerZo saTnoebaTa mflobeli imsaxurebs. kidevac yvela sxva
SemTxvevaSi saqme asec unda iyos da ara sxvagvarad: sruliad
janmrTeli Zexorcieli ar arsebobs, mas [sxeulis] romelime
nawili sneuli aqvs; ara, - mTlad an umetesoba nawilebisa da
yvelaze mTavarni - aucileblad imgvarad iqnebian, viT mTliania.
`zneobrivad mSvenieri~ brZandebode - es igive rodia, `kargi
iyo~ da aq sxvaoba sityvebiT ar gamoxatula, garna arsebiTad.
yvela keTildReobas aqvs amorCevis TavisTavad Rirsi mizani.
faqizad uzado svesvianobani - isinia, romelnic rasakvirvelia
qebis Rirsia, TviT da maTi moqmedebanic. samarTlianoba da misi
zegavlena [Sesamkobelia], agreTve keTilgoniereba, rameTu gon-
ebagaxsnilobac saqeburia. ai, janmrTeloba ki piriqiT, camde
wigni merve 267

ayvanas ar imsaxurebs, viTarmed is arc moqmedebis Sedegia, arca

ZalisxmevaTa danarTia, arcaRa Zalaa. mokled igi - netarebaa,
mainc TiTqos gansadidebeli ar aris. sxva SemTxvevebSic, ra-
nairadac ucodinrobiTaa cxadyofili, saqmis viTareba aqac
imgvaradaa.
Sesabamisad, kargi - isaa, visTvisac bunebrivi keTildReobani
vargisia. namdvilad, dRekeTilobani romelTac maZiebloben da
romelnic udidesad gveCvenebian, - pativi, simdidre, sxeulis
Rirseba, bednieri svianobani da SesaZleblobebi - ese yoveli
bunebrivi svesvianobania, oRond, viRacisTvis SesaZloa isini
sazianonic iyvnen. ase, vera ugunuri, usamarTlo da Tavawyveti-
li, verakaci am netarebaTagan fior sargebelsac ver iRebs,
msgavsad im avadmyofisa, romelic verc rames gamorCeba, Tu
rom igi janmrTelis sakvebs miirTmevs, zustad imnairad, ragvar
ZabunisTvis da saxiCarisTvis araviTari sarfa ar moaqvs imas,
raic jansaR da srulfasovan adamisSvils amkobs. umwikvloebiT
wundaudebeli adamiani - igia, visTvisac TavisTavad gaukicxavi
keTildReobania niSandoblivi da vinc Tavis qmedebebSi am [zneo-
brivad unaklo] dRekeTilobebs TviT maTTvis axorcielebs.
gaukilavi ki patiosnebisganve warmoSobili saTnoebani da
saqmenia.
aqve, erTgvari `burji sazogadoebac~ arsebobs rogorebic
lakonielebs hyavT an SeiZleba msgavsi sxvebsac hyvandeT. maTi
naReboba ai raSi mdgomareobs: kacis Svilebi aRiareben, saTnoeba
saWiroa, igi im keTildReobaTaTvisaa aucilebeli, romelnic
`bunebisagan momdinareobeno~, amitom [kargi] kacxorcielebi
udavod sapationi yofilan, rameTu bunebriv dRekeTilobebs
epatronebian, TumcaRa ki znedaculi wundaudebloba maTTan ar
moipoveba, viTarmed maTSi damoukidebeli uzado fufunebani
sufeven. sispetakis mxriv gaukicxavi [xalxi] umetnaklebod am
ukanasknelT [TavisTavad unaklo simdidres] eTayvaneba da ara
marto maT, TavianTi bunebiT gaukilav rameebsac: svesvianobani
268 wigni merve

ki, romelnic bunebiTi saTnoebaTa dedaarsni arian, maTTvis

uZraxvelia. rameebi Zviruxsenebeli mas Semdeg gaxlavan,
rawamsac risTvisac iRwvian da aumjobeseben - wundaudebelia.
ai, amitomaa zneobrivad mSvenieri miwis SvilebisTvis netareba,
rac arsia bunebiTi keTildReobisa - uzadoa. marTlac
gaukicxavia samarTlianoba, piruTvneloba kidevac Rirsebis
mixedviT [ganawilebas] niSnavs, mxolod [umwikvloebiT unaklo
kaci] am [dRekeTilobaTa] Rirsia; gaukilavi da `saTanado~
[namusiT sanimuSos] Seefereba: simdidre, keTilSobili
warmoSoba, Zlevamosileba, aseTnairad kacur kacobiT uZraxveli
mokvdavisaTvis es yovelive TavisTavad gamosadegia, agreTve
samagaliToa. kacTa umetesobisaTvis es rameebi erTmaneTisgan
gansxvavebulan, radgan is rameebi, romelnic TavisTavadi
netarebaTa arsni arian, maTTvis uTuo netarebaTa raobani
sulac ar brZandebian, miuxedavad amisa isini dedaazrni iqnebian
keTildReobisa kargi ZexorcielisaTvis, aramed sindisiT
ZviruxsenebelisTvis igini amasTan kidev srulyofilni gaxlavan,
radganac maTi wyalobiT man bevri samagaliTo saqcieli Caidina.
mxolod, is, vinac fiqrobs dRekeTilobebis mflobeloba
garegan svesvianobisTvisaa saWiroo - is dauZraxav saqmeebs
TiTqos SemTxveviT sCadis. Sesabamisad znedaculi srulqmnileba
srulyofili saTnoebaa.
siamovnebazec ukve iTqva1, rogoria igi da ra pirobebSi
CaiTvleba netarebad da rom TavisTavad TvalSi mosuli rameebi
- uyvedrebelia da kidev, damoukidebeli keTildReobani - sa-
siamovnoa. kmayofileba gana TviT moRvaweobis dros warmoiS-
veba, amisTvis WeSmaritad bednieri momakvdavi erTob saamurad
icxovrebs da amas kacni fuWad rodi afaseben.
1. ùkve iTqva~ - ix. e. e. I, 1216а30 - 37. ganixilavs ra `zneobriv silamazis~

keTildReobebTan damokidebulebas, aristotele siamovnebasac exeba rogorc
erT - erT sikeTes da adgils mSvenier rameebs Soris miuCens.
wigni merve 269

msgavsad imisa, ra drosac eqims xelT sazomi uWiravs,

romelTanac SeTanxmebiT is sxeulisTvis sasargeblosa da ma-
vneze msjelobs da yvela SemTxvevaSi masTan Tanafardobs vinZlo
romel zRvramde hmarTebs imoqmedos, raTa kargi janmrTeloba
SeanarCunos, dia, raki [es mijna] miuRwevelia an gadascdeba mas,
imxanad jansaRobac ar iqneba, _ asevea rigiani adamiani, saWiroa
mas win sazomi hqondes, vinaidan imisda mixedviT moiqces da
swored is bunebrivi da ara sxva netarebani amjobinos, dRekeTi-
lobaTa arsni rom gaxlavan, qebas rom ar imsaxureben, agreTve
raTa flobdes [qonebas], airCios da ar miiyvanos Tavisi Tavi
arc zomagadasulobamde, arca siRaribemde, arcaRa qonebis da
aRarc bednier iRbalTa mxriv.
Cven wina TxzulebebSi1 [amgvar sazomad] `ganxilva~ davasax-
eleT. [am saxeldebis warmoTqma] _ igivea, sakvebis Sesaxeb nawar-
moebSi rom vTqvaT: saeqimo xelovneba da `misi garCeva [rogorc
gvibrZanebs]~-o. zedmiwevniTia, aki cxadi ar aris. rasakvirve-
lia, [ganxilul SemTxvevaSi], viTar sxva danarCenSi, umaRlesi
principis minamgvanad unda vicxovroT, ise, rarig flobs da
moqmedebs igi, msgavsad monisa batonis [Zalauflebisadmi] da
yvela [arsebisa] ufrosobasTan [Sesaferisad]. viTvaliswinebT
ra, adamisSvilic meTauri da daqvemdebarebuli sawyisebisagan
Sedgeba, ase xams yvelam Tavis uzenaes nawilis Sesabamisad2
iarsebos, is ki orgvaria: xom erTi saqmea saeqimo xelovneba,
viT mowinave sawyisi, aki sxvaa _ janmrTeloba, pirveli meori-
saTvis arsebobs. igive [SeiZleba iTqvas] ganWvretazec: RmerTi
ufrosobs da ar ganagebs, dabolos, gansja misTvis mbrZaneblobs
(`misi gulisTvis~ [bolo mizans] aqvs ori mniSvneloba rogora-
1. `Cven wina TxzulebebSi~ - ix. e. e. II, 1220b28; 1222a6 - 10; 1222b8; Ш, 1229al
- 11; 1231b33; m.m. 11, 1208а5 - 20.
2. 49 b 10: umaRles sawyisad sulia nagulisxmevi, daqvemdebarebulad _ tani.
270 wigni merve

dac es sxva TxzulebebSi1 davadgineT), rameTu RmerTs araferi

ar sWirdeba. amgvarad: rodesac arCevani da keTildReobaTa
mopoveba, romelnic bunebiT amnairni brZandebian, RmerTis gan-
Wvretas xels erTob uwyoben, iqneba es sxeulis keTildReobani,
fuli, megobrebi Tu sxva netarebani, maSin [maTi arCeva da SeZena]
- saukveTesoa, arc meti arc naklebi, esaa yvelaze mSvenieri
sazomi. xolo, odes [arCevans da keTildReobaTa SeZenas mivya-
varT maT] ukmarisobamde an moWarbebamde da raxan es RmerTis
samsaxurSi an mis ganWvretaSi xels SegviSlis, im dros isini
- uvargisni iqnebian. sulzec igiv iTqmis da saukveTeso sazomi
sulisa amgvaria: SesaZlebelia sulis ugunuri nawili amisda-
mixedviT naklebad SevigrZnoT.
ase rom, maszed, Tu rogoria zneobiTi mSvenierebis sazomi,
da raa mizani TavisTavadi keTildReobebisa, sakmarisad iTqva.
1. `sxva TxzulebebSi~ - `fizikaSi~ II, 194a35 aristotele sityva `risTvis~

or mniSvnelobas aRniSnavs da amasTan `metafizikaSi~ `filosofiis Sesaxeb~
Cvenamde mouRwevel dialogs eyrdnoba XII, l072 b 2 , mokledaa Tqmuli. `mizani
aris vinmesTvis da mdgomareobs raimeSi~. igiv azria gameorebuli TxzulebaSi
`sulis Sesaxeb~ II, 415 b 2.
wigni merve 271

sarCevi
w iinn a s it
i tyva
y va o b a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
w iigg n i pir vel
ve lii . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
w iigg n i meor
meo r e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
w iigg n i mes a me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6
w iigg n i meoTxe
meo Txe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4
w iigg n i mexuTe
mexu Te . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 5
w iigg n i meeq
mee q vs
vsee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5
w iigg n i meSvi
meS vid
dee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
20 9
w iigg n i mer ve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8

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aristotele

Cems meuRles, nato nadiraZes

wigni aewyo da dakabadonda

©nodar SaniZe, 2016 w.

sikeTe, simSveniere da sasiamovno erTi da igiv rodia?! o.

ar veTanxmebiT, radgan, bedniereba yvelaze saucxoo da

komentarebSi Semdegi Semoklebebia: e.e. = evdemosis eTika. e.n. = nikomaqes

rogor veziaroT mas? gaxlavan ki bunebiT svianni isini, visac bedqm-

1. 14а30-Ь5: aq saTnoebad saxelmwifo saqmeebis keTebaa nagulisxnmevi, ix,

es sami ram ki, rac bednierebisTvis aucilebelia, sxvadasxva

1 . meoreni fiqroben rom ori ramaa~ - Sdr. platonis msjeloba `filebSi~ 22 a.

nebiT, arc sikeTe iqneba CvenTvis da arca siave; [am pirobebis

1. 14b14 - 27: aristotele ambobs rom aucilebelia bednierebis (keTildReobis)

ukeTu gansakuTrebiT yuradReba ras unda mivaqcioT, saxeldobr,

1. `mjdomiare saqmianoba~ - igulisxmeba xelosnis Sroma, araprestiJuli

mewvrilmane vaWarTa. svebednier cxovrebisaken ukve zemoxsenebu-

1. 15а35 - b5: platonis `saxelmwifoSi~ moxseniebulia agreTve cxovrebis sami

zisa da simdidris mizeziT ki ar iwodebian. Tavad anaqsagoras

vis1 msgavsi siamovnebani friad xelmisawvdomia, vidre bevri

1. apisi - wminda xari, romelSic egviptelTa rwmeniT, osirisis suli cxov-

tituls, raxan isini namdvili saxelmwifo moRvaweni ar arian:

1. `utanjvelia~ - ufro maRla (I215 b 12) aristotele anaqsagoras miawerda

yofna misTvis erTi iyo.1 marTlac, vincobaa geometrias da

1. 16b2-5: maszed, rom sokratesTan zneobrioba da codna erTi da igivea, ix.

mainc [dagyabuldnen], es ki aucileblad moxdeba, vincobaa isini

1. `WeSmaritebis alRo~, - ritorikaSi, 1, 1355а15 aristotele adamianis mier

TavianTi gaunaTleblobis gamo vardebian. uvicoba ki imis uun-

agebdnen, pirvel rigSi ki platonis mxriv (`gorgiaSi~), isokratesi (`so-

qvelobadaa miCneuli. Cven mas `adamianurs~ vuwodebT, raki,

1. `Semdgom ganvixilavT~ – aristotele `eTikebSi~ RmerTis bednierebas arsad

1. `sami ZiriTadi mosazreba~ - nagulisxmevia keTildReobis gageba rogorc

sababiT da esden igi kurTxevaTa Soris1 pirvelia. namdvilad,

TxzulebebSic da wminda safilosofosoSic1. amisaTvis, vincobaa

1. `eqsoteruli~ - (sityvasityviT `garegan~) ase uwodebda aristotele Tavis

mikuTvnebuls romeliRac erT kategorias, magaliTad droulobas

- Si xarisxis kategoriad samarTlianobaa dasaxelebuli, e. n. – Si saTnoeba,

saqmis daWera ase ar Segvefereba, ranairadac axla asabuTe-

1. 18а10 - 15: samarTlianoba aq zogadad saTnoebis tolfasia, Tavis TavSi

arguments TiTqos ricxvebs miswrafeba gaaCniaTo; amasTan, ar

1. 18аI7 -24. В E.N. и М.М. aristotele piTagorelebis mier ricxvebis saTnoe-

yvela raime raRac saerTo qvelobisken miiswrafviso. piriqiT,

da cuds saerTod ar iTvaliswinebs `metafizika~ II 996 а 27 – b 1). piriqiT,

risTvisac ram Caidineba; xolo mkvidr gvaris rameebSi aseTi

1. 18b4 - 5: aristotele umaRlesi sikeTeze sakuTar fiqrebs gvimJRavnebs. Tu

sasargeblo iqneba esec da isic. `saRsalamaTobis momniWebeli~

1. `mogvianebiT visaubrebT~ - Е.Е. V (= E.N. VI), 8, 1141b8 - 33 Si aristotele

1. `egzoTeriul TxzulebebSi~ – ix. SeniSvna. I wignis 32 e.

da maSasadame sulisac. TiTqos masac abadia romeliRac Tavisi

da fexsacmlis keTilxarisxiani Sekerva, maSin maTi Rvawi - saT-

1. 19a24 – 39: aristotele qsenokrates Teziss bednierebis da zneobrivi

raki sadac namoqmedaria, iq moxmarebacaa: sityvaze, mWedeli

1. `solonis gamonaTqvami~ – ix herodote I, 32 – 33.

saTnoebisa, iseve, ranairadac sxeulis saTnoeba1 [misi kerZi

1. sxeulis saTnoebebs aristottele janmrTelobas, silamazes, Zalas miakuT-

[sulis ubnebisa] ar aris dedaarsi [wminda] miwis Sviluri saT-

1. 20a4 – 11: saTnoebaTa zneobriv da moazrovne nawilebad analogiuri danaw-

ulis saukveTeso mdgomareobaao, an koriski moedanze yvelaze

gan, romelic bunebis mier saZirkvelCauyrelia da amgvarad

1. 20b10 – 20: grZnobaTa (JinTa), SesaZleblobebis (midrekilebaTa, ZaldebaTa),

1. 20b21 – 26: moZraobis uwyvetobasa da yvela moZravis dayofadobaze ix. :

`didze~ naklebia. mitom zneobriv saTnoebas saqme uciloblad

mrisxaneba ugrZnobloba simSvide

1. 20b38 – 21a12: motanil tabulaSi saTnoebani jamdebian, romelnic sxadasxva