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sakralurisa da profanulis semantikisTvis

religiaTmcodneobaSi kargad aris cnobili, rom sakraluri da

profanuli yoveli religiis erT-erTi fundamenturi niSania. ufro
metic, naTan soderblomis sityvebiT, namdvil religias SeuZlia iarsebos
RmerTis cnebis gareSec (mag., aseTia budizmi), magram ar moiZebneba
religia, romelsac ar hqondes sakralurisa da profanulis koncefti, anu
ar asxvavebdes wmidas misi sapirispiro realobisgan [soderblomi 1914:731].
es diqotomia sakralurisa da profanulisa moicavs realobis yvela
sferos, dawyebuls iseTi zogadi kategoriebidan, rogoric aris dro da
sivrce, da damTavrebuls raime konkretuli, empiriuli sagniT. zogadad
rom vTqvaT, rogorc m. eliade wers, wmida da sadagi samyaros arsebobis
ori mTavari modusia, ori eksistencialuri situaciaa, romelic
adamianuri yofierebis yvela doneze dasturdeba. es diqotomia imdenad
yovlismomcvelia, imdenad msWvalavs adamianis cnobierebas, rom igi
scildeba religiur sferos da Tavs iCens sekularul cnobierebaSi
nebadarTulisa da akrZalulis kategoriebis saxiT, rasac Cven
yoveldRiur yofaSi vawydebiT.
am araproporciul dixotomias, ufro sworad, saerTo masivisgan
gansakuTrebuli niSniT aRbeWdili kunZulebis gamoyofas safuZvlad
sivrcisa da drois heterogenulobis aRqmis adamianuri unari udevs.
adamianis mier droisa da sivrcis gancda pasuxobs am realobas. es
kategoria TiTqmis ontologiuria da adamiani, rogorc es xdeba
tradiciul sazogadoebebSi, afiqsirebs am viTarebas. igi aRmoaCens da
adasturebs droJamul-sivrcul kontinuumSi gansxvavebul monakveTebs,
romlebic dakavSirebulia mis sakuTar Tu sazogado gamocdilebasTan.
sivrce mis SegnebaSi iyofa erTmaneTisadmi Seuwonad profanul da
sakralur monakveTebad. sakraluri monakveTebi mxolod wertilebia
sivrcis usazRvro zedapirze, magram sakraluris Rirseba, cxadia,
farTobiT ar izomeba. is Tvisobrivad da struqturulad sruliad
gansxvavebulia saerTo garemosgan, is absoluturad sxva sinamdvilea,
romelic gamocxadebiT Tu adamianuri warmosaxviT iqmneba.
adamianis Semecneba da praqtika moiTxovs sivrcis homogenurobis
daZlevas. imisaTvis, rom adamianma ukeT moaxerxos sivrceSi orientireba,
es sivrce misTvis struqturuli unda iyos. adamians, homo religiosus iqneba
igi Tu homo secularis, ar SeuZlia zRvari ar gaavlos nebadarTulsa da
akrZaluls Soris da Tavadve ar daemorCilos Tavis mierve dasazRvruls.
amis magaliTebi mravlad SeiZleba moviyvanoT Cvens sazogadoebriv
praqtikaSi (nakrZalebi, akrZaluli Sesasvlelebi, quCis gadasasvlelebi
da sxva). orive am midgomas erTsa da imave Sedegamde mivyavarT:
warmoiqmneba sivrce, romlis faruli heterogenuloba cxadqmnilia,
xelSesaxebia, gancdadia da adamians avalebs adeqvatur moqcevas mis
mimarT.
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narkvevi miznad isaxavs, aCvenos, Tu ramdenad Seesatyviseba erTmaneTs

sakralurisa da profanulis, sxvanairad, wmidisa da sadagis struqtura,
misi buneba da Tviseba, im leqsikas, romelsac adamianis ena akisrebs maT
gamoxatvas, anu aris Tu ara raime kavSiri am kategoriebis ontologiasa
da maT gamomxatvel sityva-cnebaTa semantikas Soris. problema, SesaZloa,
ganxilul iqnas ti pologiur, an konkretuli kulturis enis planSi, anu
im azriT, Tu romeli kultura wmidisa da sadagis ra Tvisebas wamoswevs
win, Sesabamisad, ra semantikis leqsemas daakisrebs mis gamoxatvas.
yuradRebis sferoSi vaqcevT qaTul masalas, romelic amowmobs
literaturaSi SemuSavebul Tvalsazriss sakraluris Sesaxeb da, Cemi
azriT, axal niuanss sZens mis semantikas.

aTenis wmida Wala

ramdenadac berZnul enaze ar arsebobs (an ar SemorCenila, ufro
safiqrebelia, arc Seqmnila) religiuri wigni, gvixdeba saero TxzulebaTa
monacemebis mixedviT warmodgenis Seqmna, Tu rogor uyurebda elinuri
goni sakraluris kategorias. Wala, sadac Tebedan gandevnili oidi posi
misda uneburad moxvda, sofokles dramaSi `oidi posi kolonSi~
daxasiaTebulia rogorc `miwa, romlis Telva dauSvebelia~ c^ro~ o8c Ágn4n
pate_n, rogorc `xelSeuxebi~, `miuwvdomeli~ aqikto~ da dausaxlebeli~
oud’ oiketo~ (39), `fexdaudgmeli~ astibe~ (125), `nakrZali~ abaton (161). yvela
termini, romliTac xasiaTdeba es wmida Wala, uaryofiTi nawilakiT (a-)
aris gaformebuli, da qcevac, rogorc unda am gauTelav da dausaxlebel
adgilTan Cavlisas unda iqceodnen, aseve uaryofiTi zedsarTavebiT aris
gamoxatuli: `TvaldaxuWuli~ aderktw~ (130), `uxmod~ afwnw~, `usityvod~
alogw~; xolo dadebiTi rac aris, es aris TrTola, SiSi, krZaluleba,
wmida bage da sxva. sabolod, uaryofiTnawilakiani es sityvebi, romlebic
sekularuli TvalsazrisiT sruliad usargeblo realobaze miuTiTeben,
religiuri cnobierebisTvis wmidis mniSvnelobas iZens. gasagebia: adgili,
romelic RmerTebs uWiravT, adamianis sacxovreblad gamousadegaria,
religiuri TvalTaxedviT ki umaRlesi realobiT xasiaTdeba. sakraluris
sazrisic es aris.

SeniSvna 1. wmida WalaSi myofi oidi posis danaxvisas qoro ambobs:

"viRac mawanwalaa es moxuci, aqauri mkvidri ar unda
iyos, Torem ver gabedavda am uxilav asulTa daulaxvel
WalaSi Sesvlas, romelTa saxelis warmoTqmisa
gvekrZaleba, romelTa winaSe TvaldaxuWulni, uxmoni, usityvoni
CavivliT xolme..." (123-129)

niSandoblivia, sakraluris kategoriis ambivalentobis

gaTvaliswinebiT, rom abato~ septuagintaSi uaryofiTi realobis
gamomxatvelia: ei~ ghn abaton Targmnis ebr. hrzg vra-la al erec gezerah

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(lev. 16:22). es is adgilia, sadac gantevebis vaci igzavneba. Zveli

TargmaniT `queyana uvali~, axal qarTuliT: `dasakargavi~, zustad ki
`mowyvetili qveyana~ (land of separation), adamianis sacxovreblad uvargisi.
Sdr. `cocxalTa miwidan moikveTa (nigzar)~ (es. 53:8) aRsaniSnavia, rom gzr-
is metaTezuri Ziri grz imave semantikis aris: `mowyvetili var (nigrazTi)
Sen TvalTagan~ (fsalm. 30/31:23), Tumca mas `wmidas~ mniSvneloba ar
miuRiaT, Tumca amis kvali unda veZioT im mTis saxelwodebaSi gerizim,
saidanac, `meore rjulis~ mixedviT, kurTxevis sityvebi unda
warmoTqmuliyo, sapirispirod gebalis mTisa, romelic wyevlis
sityvebisTvis iyo ganwesebuli (rjl. 11:29), an ezekielis taZris
aRwerilobaSi: nigzarah `Semokavebuli adgili~ (ez. 41:12, 13, 14...).
ara ase aSkarad, aramed Sefarulad `gamocalkevebis~ ideas
gamoxatavs semituri Ziri cdq (kdS), romelic TiTqmis yvela semitur enaSi
i poveba `sakraluris~ (wmidis) mniSvnelobiT, rac imas unda mianiSnebdes,
rom jer kidev ganuStovebel winaresemitur enaSi mkvidrad arsebobda es
koncefti, romlis ZaliTac am Zirma imTaviTve itvirTa sagnebis,
movlenebis, qmedebebisa Tu adamianebis ganakuTrebuli statusis gamoxatva.
yvelaze srulyofilad mTeli mravalferovneba am Zirisa Zvel aRTqmaSia
dadasturebuli, ramdenadac am wignSi Tematizebulia sakraluri domenis
mTeli sisrule, misi yoveli done da waxnagi dawyebuli RvTis epiTetidan
sakralur qmedebamde.
ra aris arsebiTi da Tavdapirveli am sferoSi gamoyenebuli saerTo
semituri cdq (kdS ) ZirisTvis? am Ziris semantikisTvis amosavalia
pirveli ori Tanxmovani kd-, romelic Seicavs ganyofa-gamocalkevebis
ideas, romelic kosmogoniuria Tavisi arsiT, anu yovelTvis axal
qmnilebaze miuTiTebs. ganmartebisTvis movixmobT or magaliTs Zveli
aRTqmidan.

SabaTis siwmide.
ras gulisxmobs SabaTis siwmide, romlis dacvasac dekalogis
meoTxe mcneba moiTxovs: `eqvs dRes imuSave da akeTe Seni saqmeebi, meSvide
dRes ki uflis, Seni RmerTis SabaTia, ara saqme ar gakeToT... akurTxa
RmerTma SabaTi dRe da wmidahyo igi~ (gam. 20:9-11)? Tavisi
gasakuTrebulobis gamo SabaTs SvideulSi unikaluri adgili uWiravs,
Svideulis yvela sxva dRe erTgvarovania, SabaTi ki gansakuTrebuli
monakveTia Svideulis mdinarebaSi. SabaTi iWreba droJamis homogenur
kontinuumSi, raTa Sewyvitos igi da am SewyvetiT (tbc SabaT `Sewyveta~,
`Sesveneba~) amkvidrebs Tavis wesrigs da saxes ucvlis danarCen dReebs.
SabaTi Svideulis centria, romelic sazriss aZlevs mas.
wmida yofiT (kiddeS) sagani an realoba gamocalkevdeba
kontinuumidan, romelSic CarTuli iyo igi da axla icvlis statuss,
gadadis iseT kategoriaSi, romelic iwvevs rids da krZalvas da misdami
gansakuTrebul qcevas moiTxovs. roca durkheimi (diurkemi) laparakobs
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Sromis, rogorc `profanuli saqmianobis, eminentur formaze, rom mas ara

aqvs sxva ram mizani, Tu ara yofiTi sasicocxlo moTxovnilebebis
dakmayofileba~ [diurkemi 2004:423], mas mxedvelobaSi aqvs misi sapirispiro
polusi _ saqmianoba, romelic mTlianad mimarTulia sakralurisadmi da
xorcildeba sakralulrSive. roca SabaTze vlaparakobT, rogorc
Sesvenebaze da uqmeze, ar igulisxmeba absoluturi dasveneba da uqmoba,
aramed gaTavisufleba profanuli saqmianobisgan, romlis arsebiTi
gamoxatuleba, rogorc diurkemi SeniSnavs, Sromaa. Sromas, Tu is
namdvilad Sromaa, sdevs ofli, romelic, rogorc profanuli saqmianobis
niSani, upirispirdeba wmidas. Tu aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis
kulturaSi gadavinacvlebT, aRmoCndeba, rom ofli, rogorc profanulis
simbolo, iseTi realobaa, romelsac eridebian xuces-dekanozebi, rogorc
maTi statusis SembRalavs. isini mowmidarobis periodSi eridebian oflis
denas, rac imas niSnavs, rom maT am periodSi yovelnairi profanuli
saqmianoba ekrZalebaT.

SeniSvna 2. Tumca arsebobs jvaris ymaTa kategoria `piroflianebi~,

romlebic jvaris winaSe damsaxurebis gamo gansakuTrebuli pativiT arian
Semosilni. magram aq ofli metaforaa im samsaxurisa, romelic maT saRvTo
brZolaSi daRvares. es aris, Tu SeiZleba iTqvas, sulieri Zalixmevis
Sedegad daRvrili ofli, romelic ukve sakraluria Tavisi warmoSobis
gamo. `ofliT Wamde purs~ (dab. 3:19) _ ase daisaja samoTxidan (siwmididan)
nalaxSi gandevnili adami, rac adasturebs, rom ofli ar sdevda samoTxeSi
miwis samsaxurs, risTvisac RmerTma adami ganawesa. `da dasva igi edemis
baRSi, raTa daemuSavebina da daecva igi~ (dab. 2:15) _ Cans, miwis damuSaveba
edemSi arsebiTad gansxvavdeboda analogiuri moqmedebisgan edems gareT.

eris siwmide.
Tu sagnis siwmidis xarisxi ganizomeba yofiTisgan (profanulisgan),
droJamul-sivrculi da arsobrivi ganridebulobiT, gamocalkevebulobiT,
ras gulisxmobs RvTis mowodeba sinas mTaze: `wmida iyaviT CemTvis,
radgan wmida var me~ (lev. 20:26) Tu ara imas, rom RvTis mier arCeuli eri
iseve ar unda ekuTvnodes sxva, danarCen xalxebs, da ar iricxebodes
xalxebs Soris, rogorc erTi maTgani, analogiurad SabaTis statusisa
dReTa SvideulSi _ aramed iyos ganridebuli, rogorc Tavad RmerTia
ganridebuli am samyarosgan, romelic man araraobidan gaaCina, da ar
iricxeba sxva RmerTebs Soris, romlebic araraobaa. gaSlili saxiT es
mowodeba amgvari formulis saxiT aris Camoyalibebuli:

`amieridan, Tu SeismenY Cems sityvas da daicavT Cems aRTqmas, Cems

sakuTrebad gamogarCevT yvela xalxisgan, radgan Cemia mTeli qveyana.
mRvdelTa samefod da wmida erad meyolebiT~ (gam. 19:5-6).

am kuTxiT gasagebi xdeba balaamis winaswarmetyveleba, romelic man

warmoTqva moabis mindvrebs moaxloebul rCeul erze: `aha, cxovrobs eri
ganmartoebiT da xalxebSi ar iricxeba~ (ricx. 23:9).
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amitom ar aris SemTxveviTi, rom rCeuli eris unikaloba SabaTis

unikalobiT aris gazomili: amave dros SabaTi saerTo niSania ersa da
RmerTs Soris _ SabaTis dacviT eri icavs Tavis siwmides da RvTis
siwmides imavdroulad. `daicaviT Cemi SabaTebi, radgan es iqneba niSani
Cvens Soris Taobidan TaobaSi~ (gam. 31:13), `miveci SabaTebic, rom hqonodaT
niSnad Cemsa da TavianT Soris, rom scodnodaT, rom ufali var, maTi
ganmwmedeli~ (ez. 20:12). anu, sxvagvarad Tu gamovTqvamT: rac aris SabaTi
dReTa Soris, is aris rCeuli eri sxva erTa Soris, da orives ganmwmedeli
ufalia. amrigad, erze da SabaTze uflis siwmidea mofenil-proecirebuli.

abeli da kaeni
ganvixiloT am kuTxiT abel-kaenis bibliuri epizodi. Tavdapirveli
mTlianoba, romelic edemis baRisa da masSi myofi adamis integraluri
pirovnebiT gamoixata, kacTa modgmis winapris meoreve TaobaSi dairRva.
sxva aspeqtebTan erTad, romliTac datvirTulia abel-kaenis epizodi,
yuradRebas i pyrobs eksistencialuri momenti: es aris kaenis moSoreba
uflis pirisagan, ramac safuZveli daudo sekularul civilizacias.
yofna uflis piris winaSe sxva araferi iyo, Tu ara is mdgomareoba,
romelsac Cven sakralurs vuwodebT, rogorc simSvidisa da harmoniis
garants. adamis dacemis Semdeg, ramac sinamdvilis orad _ keTilisa da
borotis sferoebad _ gaxleCa gamoiwvia, abel-kaenis epizodSi kidev axal
viTarebas misca dasabami: aRmoCnda axali dapirispireba, romelic
sakralurisa da profanulis dapirispirebiT gamoixata. abelis
msxverplis miRebiT providenciam msxverplad erTTad misi Semwirvelis
pirovneba airCia misi cxovrebis niriTurT. is mdgomareoba, rasac
eksistencializmi gadagdebulobas uwodebs, pirvelad Cndeba kaenis
pirovnebisa da im civilizaciis saxiT, romelsac man daudo safuZveli.
kaenis sityvebi `aha, magdeb dRes miwis pirisagan da unda mivefaro Sens
saxes; devnili da miusafari viqnebi am qveyanaze...~ (dab. 4:14). sityvebiT
nod da noay (devnili da miusafari) kaeni ara mxolod sivrceSi mis
sxeulebriv mdgomareobas gadmoscems, aramed, Tu am sityvebis etimologias
CavuRrmavdebiT, misi sulieri mdgomareobis gamomxatvelni arian. kaeni
Zrwis da daZrwis imis gamo, rom uflis pirs aris moSorebuli. igi
aSenebs qalaqs magram misi sulier-sxeulebrivi mdgomareobis Sesabamisad
im adgils, sadac is gadaixvewa da Zrwis, nod `Zrwola~ ewodeba. uflis
piris winaSe yofnis, anu siwmideSi yofnis, sakompesaciod is aSenebs
qalaqs TavSesafarad. Tu uflis piris winaSe yofna gamoarCevda noes
Tavisi totalurad sekularuli Taobidan, rac (es gancalkeveba) misi
siwmidis (kodeS) niSani iyo, uflis pirisgan mowyvetil kaens mouxda
Tavisi xeliT gaemijna Tavi, rasac is Tu ara sekularul (SenebiT,
teqnikiT, xelovnebiT...), sxva saSualebebiT ver moaxerxebda. igi cxovrobs
erTian, uwyvet profanul sinamdvileSi, romelSic yvelaferi
mkvlelobasTan erTad nebadarTulia, sadac sakraluris erTi wertilic
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ar i poveba. es aris kaenuri civilizaciis saxe, romelic Secvala abelis

sanacvlod dabadebulma Semma (dab. 4:25b), romlis modgmaSi ukve ixsenieba
uflis saxeli (dab. 4:26).
sakralur-profanulis konteqstSi unda gaviazroT ori qalaqis
avgustineseuli koncefcia, romelic man abel-kaenis epizodis egzgezisze
daafuZna.

`kacTa modgmis ori winaprisgan pirvelad daibada kaeni, romelic

ekuTvnis kacobriv qalaqs, Semdeg ki - abeli, romelic ekuTvnis
RvTis qalaqs... kaenze naTqvamia, rom man aaSena qalaqi, abels ki,
rogorc mwirs, qalaqi ar auSenebia, radgan wmidaTa qalaqi uzenaesi
qalaqia, Tumca igi aqac badebs Tavis moqalaqeT, romelTa saxiT is
mwirobs...~ (De civitate Dei, XV,1).

Tu am teqsts misi daweris Tanadroul enaze wavikiTxvaT, moqalaqeebSi

sxvas veravis vigulisxmebT, Tu ara qristianebs, romlebic cxovroben
kacobriv qalaqebSi, magram, rogorc `wmidaTa qalaqis~ mkvidrni, ar
ekuTvnian mas; isini cxovroben masSi da arc cxovroben, qmnian ra
sakralur kunZulebs profanuli qalaqebis kontinuumSi. mociqulTa
xanidan imperiul xanamde qristianebi wmidebad iwodebodnen da maTi
cxovrebis niri, rogorc es `diognetesadmi werilSia~ aRwerili,
TanxmobaSia wmidis (kadoS) ZvelaRTqmiseul gagebasTan.

`qristianebi... TiTqos sakuTar mamulebSi mkvidroben, magram

mkvidroben, rogorc ucxoni... yoveli udabnoeba mamulia maTi da
yoveli mamuli _ udabnoeba... xorcielni arian, Tumca xorcis
mixedviT ar cxovroben. miwaze mkvidroben, magram caTa Sina
moqalaqeoben... martivad rom vTqvaT, rac aris suli sxeulSi,
qristianebic iginive arian am sofelSi da, rogorc suli ganefineba
sxeulis nawilTa Soris, aseve qristianebic _ qveynierebis
qalaqebSi. suli Tumca sxeulSi mkvidrobs, ar aris sxeulisagan,
qristianebic Tumca amsoflad saxloben, amsoflisani ar
arian...” (Epist. ad Diogn. V, 2-5).

kvrivi
m. eliades ganmarteba, rom wmidis samyaro upiratesad emorCileba
`Tavdapirvel ontologiur simkvrives~ (densité), da rom savseoba wmidaTa
wmidis metaforaa [eliade 2009:33], gamoZaxils poulobs aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos mTianeTSi, gansakuTrebiT fSav-xevsureTis sakraluris
leqsikaSi. am sazogadoebebSi `kvrivi~ ewodeba profanuli (saero)
sivrcisgan gamoyofil, absoluturad gansxvavebul sakralur realobas.
Tu ebrauli kdS Tavisi semantikiT saerTo (imavdroulad, saero, sajaro)
sivrcisgan gamocalkevebuls, izolirebuls da, amrigad, absolutur sxvas
gulisxmobs, qarTuli kvrivi sakraluris sxva Tvisebas asaCinoebs.

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`sityvis konaSi~ sityva kurivi amgvarad aris ganmartebuli

(mogvyavs variantebiTurT): `uRruo da unaÃvreto~ B; `rqa anu Zvali, anu
balaxi, romelTa ara hqondes Rru da mrTel iyos~ CD;D`rqa anu Zvali, gina
balaxi, ufuWo, uÃvreteli iyos savse, kvrivad uwoden E.~ [saba 1965:402];
sxvagan: kurivi aris rqa ZvalTa, gina Sambi ugulo, unaÃvreto, srulobiT
savse~ (ix. sityvaze Wruvi). rogorc vxedavT, kvrivis fizikuri
SeuRwevadoba, ramdenadac mas siRrue ar gaaCnia, sulier-sakralur
sferoSi gadatanisas religiur niSvnelobas iZens.

SeniSvna 3. `kvriv~ Ziris qarTveluri Sesatyvisebi ar aris fiqsirebuli

dRemde arsebul etimologiur leqsikonebSi (g. klimovi, z. sarjvelaZe-h.
fenrixi). ukanasknel xans mis kvals megrulsa (ma-rkv-a, `mkvrivi~,
`simkvrive~) da svanurSi (b.-zem.: kur-iu, b.-qvem: kuir-iu, `mkvrivi~, `magari~,)
miakvlia revaz abaSiam [abaSia 1997:30-31]. Tumca sakraluris mniSvneloba
mas am enebSi ar miuRia.

am cnebis gamomxatveli sityvis semantikis proeqciad gvesaxeba

aRmosavleT saqarTvelos mTianeTis jvar-xatTa teritoriaze aRmarTuli
e. w. kvrivebi anu iseTi koSkebi, sadac Sesvla fizikurad SeuZlebelia im
ubralo mizeziT, rom maT ar gaaCniaT Sida sivrce, isini amovsebulni,
savseni arian. `kvrivi koSkebi~ TvalnaTliv, fizikurad miuTiTeben
sakraluris Sinagan bunebaze. kvrivis im ganmartebiT, romelic mocemuli
aqvs sabas _ `mrTeli~, `ufuWo~, `savse~, SegviZlia davadginoT am sityviT
wodebuli realobis anu sakraluris ontologiuri statusi, rogorc is
warmoedginaT imaT cnobierebas, vinc amgvari saxeli dasdo mas.
sakraluri aris savse, uxarvezo, mrTeli, datenili, romelic moklebulia
yovelgvar siRrues. es aris realoba, romelic upirispirdeba futuros,
fuRuros. is aris namdvili realoba, romelSic ar aris raime `fuWi~ anu
yalbi da amao. aqedan mivdivarT im Sexedulebamde, rom sakraluris
Tviseba aris sisaRe, simrTele da, sabolood, tavtologiurad Tu
gamovxatavT, `namdvili sinamdvile~1 . aqve gavixsenoT samsxverplo
pirutyvisadmi wayenebuli moTxovna nebismieri kulturis religiaSi,
kerZod, Zvel aRTqmaSi, rom saklavi pirutyvi unda iyos `mrTeli~,
"unaklo", ebrauli Tam //Tamim. gavixsenoT, rom noesa da mamamTavar iakobis
siwmide swored am terminiT aris miniSnebuli (dab. 6:9; dab. 25:27)
kvrivis monoliTur Tvisebas, rogorc SeuRwevels da, amave dros,
daurRvevels, mtkices, mivyavarT sazogadod qvis simbolosTan, rasac
eliade, qvisgan warmoSobili RmerTebis miTebze dayrdnobiT, arqeti pul
saxed da, imavdroulad, absolutur realobad miiCnevs, da sakraluri
realobis metaforikis wreSi aqcevs. dauzianebeli, gaubzaravi, maradiuli
qva, namdvili absoluturi yofierebis simboloa [eliade 1998:162]. arc ise

1sabas leqsikonSi ix. kvrivis sapirispirod Wruvis ganmarteba: xolo Wruvi ganÃvretili
viTarca stviri; da fuWi kakalTa, nuSTa da misTanaTasa uguloTa ewodebian~.
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xSirad, magram mkvidrad Cans igi Zvel aRTqmaSi (dab. 49:24) kldesTan
erTad (cur) RvTis metaforad swored misi monoliTurobis, simtkicisa da
SeuZvrelobis (2mef. 22:3; fsalm. 17:3; es. 26:4), Tundac miuvaloba-
miuwvdomlobis (fsalm. 26:5; 60:3) gamo. sabolood, SegviZlia vilaparakT am
konteqstSi im kldezec, romelzec qristem Tavisi eklesia daaSena (m.
16:18). garda rwmenis simtkicisa, mis mTavar simbolos rom warmogvidgens,
am kldeSi (petra) iseTi sakralizmis muxtia, romelsac jojoxeTuri
profanacia (`bWeni jojoxeTisani~) ver ekareba.
kvrivis arseboba teritoriaze icavs teritorias rRvevisa da
qaosisgan, im mdgomareobisgan, Tu fSav-xevsurul andrezebs davimowmebT,
roca devebs epyraT adamianTaTvis gankuTvnili miwa-wyali. vertikalur
WrilSi sakralurisa da profanulis dapirispireba RvTisSvilTa da
devTa dapirispirebaSi iCens Tavs. RvTisSili devur-qaoturSi SeWriT,
Tavisi arsebis daarsebiT akvrivebs teritorias, gamoacalkevebs mas
profanulisgan, romelic Tumca istoriul periodSic ganagrZobs
arsebobas. am azriT kvrivi, rogorc sakrumi, kosmogoniuri kategoria
xdeba. magram kvrivi ara mxolod zebunebrivi Carevis Sedegia, aramed
adamianuri niSanic aris, radgan is iqmneba da arsebobs adamianisTvis,
romelsac evaleba misi dacva. kvrivi aris marili miwisa zustad im
azriT, rogorc qristem Tavis mociqulebze Tqva, rom `Tqven xarT marili
miwisa~ (m. 5:13); es marili mociqulTa siwmidis metaforaa.

patimari
xevsuruli kvrivi, rogorc termini, Tu sakraluri sivrcis mimarT
gamoiyeneba, siwmidesTan naziareb adamianze an gansakuTrebuli
daniSnulebis produqtze patimars ityvian. rogorc kvrivia jvaris mier
daWerili adgili, ise patimaria jvaris mier aris daWerili yma, romelsac
jvari Tavisi samsaxurisTvis moiTxovs da, amrigad, patimars jvaris
msaxuris mniSvneloba aqvs2. sityvis sadagi (yofiTi) Sinaarsi savsebiT
Seesatyviseba mis sakralur Sinaars: rogorc cixis patimaria
izolirebuli gare samyarosgan, aseve jvaris (daWerili) patimaria
mowyvetili yoveldRiurobas da gansakuTrebul pirobebSia Cayenebuli.
pirvel SemTxvevaSi Tu patimrobis mizezi danaSaulia, romelic adamians
tyveobaSi amyofebs, meore SemTxvevaSi mizezi siwmidea, romelic aseve
tyveobas moiTxovs, raTa wuTisoflis mtveri ar Seexos. patimroba,
tyveoba, tusaRoba, daWeriloba _ sinonimebia, romlebic gamoxataven
siwmideSi myofi an siwmides misaaxlebeli adamianis mdgomareobas.
gamocalkevebis es semantika patimars kodeSTan aaxloebs. ti pologiurad
amave wreSi Semodis bibliuri nazarevlobis instituti, romelic
adamianisgan Tavis siwmidiT dacva-Senaxvas moiTxovs (ricx. 6), rogorc
Tavad sityvis Ziris nzr-ncr mniSvneloba _ `gamocalkeveba~, `dacva~ _

2wmidis ambivalentobis wesiT, romelic gansakuTrebiT laTinur sacer-Sia cxadyofili,

qarTlul dialeqtze patimari fexmZime qalze iTqmis, romelic gamocalkevebas moiTxovs
uwmidurobis mizeziT, rogorc xatis msaxuri _ siwmidis mizeziT.
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gvimowmebs. sagulisxmoa isic, rom nazir, garda mowmidari adamianisa,

niSnavs gausxvlel anu xeluxleblad Senaxul, mrTel vazs.
sruliad moulodnelad, Tumca kanonzomierad patimari qarTlul
dialeqtze [qarTluli 1981:348] rogorc metafora wmida, sufTa Seurevneli
Rvinis, zeTisa Tu erbos, an wyaros wyals aRniSnavs (`iseTi patimari
Rvino maq~). aqedan advilia sematikuri gadasvla zedaSeze, romelic,
rogorc sadReobod wmidad Senaxuli Rvino, aseve patimrad unda
CavTvaloT.

aqve, Tu davinteresdebiT qarTuli kvrivis 3F da semituri kdS-is

sapirispiro realobis (profanulis) gamomxatveli leqsemebiT, davinaxavT,
rom qarTulsa da semiturSi isini analogiur semantikur safuZvelzea
agebuli da, rac mTavaria, kargad asaCinoeben Tavad sakraluris bunebas.
DA kvrivis sapirispiro realoba xevsurul sakulto leqsikaSi
ramdenime terminiT gamoixateba.

nalaxi
sityva-cneba nalaxi4 , garda `SebRalvisa", `rRvevis", `degradaciis~,
"ganadgurebis" ideas Seicavs. Tumca es is teritoriaa, sadac adamians
uxdeba yoveldRiuri yofna da moRvaweoba. nalaxi Tavisi etimologiiT im
terminebis sapirispiroa, riTac sofokles dramaSi aTenis wmida Walaa
daxasiaTebuli (a-batos, a-Tiktos, a-stibes). aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
mTianeTis sakulto cxovrebaSi da yoveldRiur yofaSi nalaxi is
adgilebia, sadac Cveulebriv moZraobs xalxi, sadac mimdinareobs yofiTi
saqmianoba, sadac cxovrobs, Sromobs, ofls Rvris adamiani, ris gamoc mas
eridebian xatis msaxurni _ qadag-xucesni5. Tumca es aris erTaderTi
sacxovrebel-saarsebo sivrce, romelic TiTqos neitraluri unda iyos,
magram kvrivTan mimarTebaSi igi uaryofiT niuanss iZens, rogorc misi
ukiduresi opozicia. gavixsenoT guramiSvilis striqonebi _

`xorci miwaa, talaxi, sawuTros fexiT nalaxi,

suli usxeulmyofeli, viT bazma gauqrobeli~,

sadac nalaxi materialuri sawyisis (realobis) niSania.

3 ar aris gamoricxuli kvrivis naTesaoba indoevropul ZirTan quro "Zala", saidanac

momdinareobs berZnuli kurios `batoni~ ix. [benvenisti:183]. aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom
aRsaniSnavia, rom Zvel indoevropul enebSi Zlierebis gamomxatvelma leqsikam sruliad
kanionzomierad itvirTa sakraluris (wmidis) gamoxatva. sanskrituli isirah da misi
monaTesave berZn. hieros (`wmida~) `Zlieris~, `magaris~, `cocxalis~ mniSvnelobas Seicavs
[benvenisti:193].

4 `nalaÃi adgili, sadac erisganni ar dadian, arawminda adgili~ [WinWarauli 2005:652].

5nalaxSi edga fexi moses, roca aalebuli mayvlis buCqTan miaxloebisas moesma: `axlos
nu moxval! gaiZre fexsamosi, radgan es adgili, sadac Sen dgaxar, wmida miwaa~ (gam. 3:5)
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2. rioSi, rioSiani. saxuco teqstebis garkveul konteqstebSi rioSi

nalaxis sinonimia. misi amosavali mniSvneloba, rogorc qarTuli enis
ganmartebiT leqsikonSi dasturdeba, Seicavs siyalbis, aranamdvilis ideas
da, aSkarad, negatiuri mniSvnelobisaa, Tumca adamianebi Cveulebriv
rioSian sinamdvileSi cxovroben. sakulto teqstebSi da yoveldRiur
sityvaxmarebaSi igi kvrivis sapiririspiro realobaa. es dapirispireba
kargad Cans naadagarSi, sadac jvari kicxavs Tavis saymos, romelmac misi
Rirseba yoveldRiurobasTan gaaTanabra:

`CemT ymaT aRaraad gavaCnior. mÃari mÃars gamisworesa d’ kiser _

kisers. maTreven simurSia d’ rioSianSi~ [sadideblebi 1998:179].

3. futuro-fuRuro. am sityvas, romelic kvrivis sawinaaRmdego

ideas Seicavs, ar moupovebia terminologiuri statusi, magram
araformalurad es sityvebi profanuli realobis, SeiZleba iTqvas, erT-
erT fundamenturi maxasiaTebelze miuTiTeben. Zveli aRTqmis enaSi kdS-is
sapirispiro realoba, Tu misi gamomxatveli terminidan xol amovalT
(misi Ziria xl/xll) swored "siRruiT", "xvretilobiT", "rRveviT",
"daSlilobiT" xasiaTdeba. sworeT aseTia xol `qviSa~, romelic Tavisi
konsistenciiT raRac mkvrivis rRvevisa da daSlis Sedegia da am kuTxiT
aranamdvil, yalb6 da futuro realobas gamoxatavs, cxadia, absolutur
realobasTan mimarTebaSi. es rRveva, romelic gamowveulia sakraluris
profanulTan gaTanabrebiT an, saerTod, misi waSliT ,`metafizikur
katastrofad~ aris kvalificirebuli [vunenburgeri 1981:110]. ra Tqma unda,
yovelive es metaforaa mxolod, romliTac religiuri cnobiereba
cdilobs gamoxatos sakralur-profanulis dapirispirebis kontrasti.

damateba
`sityvis konaSi” krZalva ganmartebulia rogorc `sifrTxile, gina
rideba” (CD), an ufro vrclad: `krZalva ars sifrTxiliT damarxva rasame, anu
darideba” (E), `dakrZalva _ frTxilad Senaxva”. am ganmartebebSi erTdroulad
vecnobiT sakraluris sferosTan krZalvis mimarTebis or aspeqts _
ganridebulobas da sifrTxiles (SiSs): sakraluri ganridebilia da, amave dros,
saSiSic. yvela zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, SesaZlebelia, `nakrZali” sakraluris
(Sacred) aRmniSvnel terminad gamodges. amisTvis is yvela pirobas akmayofilebs.
sityvis Ziri krZ garda sityvisa `akrZalva”, gvxvdeba sityvebSi
`mokrZaleba”, `dakrZalva”, rac imas mianiSnebs, rom akrZalvis semantika
sakraluris Sinaarss Seicavs. xolo am cnebis gamosaxatavad qarTulSi
garkveuli zusti termini ar arsebobs, rac xSirad uxerxulobas qmnis, roca
saWiro xdeba sakralur-profanulis dapirispirebis verbalurad gamoxatva.
Tavis mxriv, dakrZalva gamoxatavs moqmedebas, roca mokrZalebiT da uaRresi
pietetiT imarxeba raRac, sakraluri yofierebis romel safexursac ar unda

6 Sdr. `yalbis~ kavSiri `Rruian sivrcesTan~, ris ideasac gamoxatavs arabuli ylb
(`guli~) Ziridan nawarmoebi sityvebi "yulaba~, `yalibi~.

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ekuTvnodes igi. is, rac mosakrZalebelia, ikrZaleba. xolos, rac akrZalulia,

xelSeuxebelia anu virtualurad dafaruli da, amdenad, uxilavi. es aris im
realobis damarxva-dakrZalva, romlis gamJRavneba (manifestacia) ar aris
nebadarTuli. siwmideze, sakralurze miuTiTebs Tavad am sityvebis etimoni (Ziri)
krZ, romelic Tavis siRrmeSi Seicavs imis SesaZleblobas, rom miiRos `xvedris”,
`wilis” (kerZi) mniSvneloba, rac Tavis mxriv uaxlovdeba siwmidis, rogorc
metafizikuri raobis, semantikas. marTlac, `gankerZoebuli”,
`gancalkevebuli” (`kerZo” da `calke” garkveuli mniSvnelobiT sinonimebia)
imave ideas gamoxatavs, rasac ebrauli kdS da, SesaZlebelia, laTinuri sacer. es
aris gansakuTrebuli zona, romelic absoluturad gansxvavebuli yoveldRiuri,
profanuli realobisgan da, amdenad, uaResad faseulia. igi, rudolf otos
ganmartebiT, `sruliad sxvaa” (ganz Andere) Cveulebrivi, sadagi realobis mimarT
da, amdenad, mosakrZalebeli.

klasikuri teqstebi

Augustini De civitate Dei.

Epist. ad Diognetum
Sophoclis Œdipus Coloneus

damowmebuli literatura

abaSia 1997: revaz abaSia, masalebi qarTvelur enaTa leqsikis istoriidan,

giorgi rogavas saiubileo krebuli, Tsu gamomc., Tb., 1997.
benvenisti 1969: Emile Benveniste, Le vocabulaire des institutions indo-europeennes 2.
pouvoir, droit, religion [Paris, 1969].
diurkemi 2004: emil diurkemi, religiuri cxovrebis elementaruli
formebi, Tb., `ioane petriwi~, 2004.
eliade 1998: Мирча Элиаде, Азиатская алхимия, Янус-К, М., 1998.
eliade 2009: mirCa eliade, miTis aspeqtebi, ilia WavWavaZis universitetis
gamomcemloba, Tb., 2009; Mircea Eliade, Aspects du Mythe, Gallimard, [1963].
vunenburgeri 2001: Jean-Jacques Wunenburger, Le sacré, Vendome, PUF, 2001.
oto 1997: Rudolf Otto, Das Heilige, Verlag C.H.Beck, 1997.
sadideblebi 1998: jvar-xatTa sadideblebi, `nekeri~, 1998.
soderblomi 1914: Nathan SØderblom, Holiness, in: Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, ed.
James Hastings, vol. VI, 1914.
saba 1965: sulxan-saba orbeliani, sityvis kona, Txzulebani, t. IV-1, `sabWoTa
saqarTvelo~, 1965.
qarTluri: qarTluri diialeqtis leqsikoni, `mecniereba~, Tb., 1981.
WinWarauli 2005: aleqsi WinWarauli, xevsuruli leqsikoni, `qarTuli ena~,
Tb., 2005.

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