Prof. Masyhuri - Peran Ketahanan Pangan Dalam Mendukung Kebangkitan Ekonomi Regional
Prof. Masyhuri - Peran Ketahanan Pangan Dalam Mendukung Kebangkitan Ekonomi Regional
Mendukung Kebangkitan
Ekonomi Regional
Oleh
Masyhuri
GB Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis UGM
1)
AFFORDABILITY
100
75
50
4) NATURAL 25
RESOURCES & 0 2) AVAILABILITY
RESILIENCE
3) QUALITY AND
SAFETY
Positions of indicator’s ranking
2021 Global Food Security Index Ranking
Scores are normalized 0-100, where 100=most favorable food security environment
'=' denotes tie in rank
Δ = change in score, 2021 compared with 2020
▲ = Rank improved ▼ = Rank deteriorated ↔ = No change in rank
Sorted by food security environment in 2021, best to worst
Click any country to highlight across all tables. Double-click to show country overview page.
OVERALL FOOD SECURITY ENVIRONMENT 1) AFFORDABILITY 2) AVAILABILITY 3) QUALITY AND SAFETY 4) NATURAL RESOURCES & RESILIENCE
Rank / 113 Score Δ Rank / 113 Score Δ Rank / 113 Score Δ Rank / 113 Score Δ Rank / 113 Score
8 ▼4 Japan 79.3 -1.0 6 ▼5 New Zealand 90.9 -2.2 1 ↔ Singapore 82.9 +0.7 =18 ▲5 Australia 87.8 0 5 ↔ New Zealand 70.8
15 ▼2 Singapore 77.4 -0.9 11 ▼9 Japan 90.0 -2.9 2 ▲9 China 78.4 +5.0 30 ▲5 Japan 83.4 0 16 ▼1 Japan 61.9
16 ▲1 New Zealand 76.8 -0.9 23 ▼7 Singapore 87.9 -1.8 5 ↔ Japan 75.7 -0.4 33 ▲5 New Zealand 82.0 0 =30 ▼1 Uzbekistan 55.4
=32 ▼7 Australia 71.6 -2.3 28 ↔ Malaysia 85.6 +0.3 17 ▲4 South Korea 69.7 +0.9 =38 ▼6 Kazakhstan 81.0 -3.1 =33 ▼1 Myanmar 54.7
=32 ▼3 South Korea 71.6 -1.8 29 ▼13 Australia 84.9 -4.8 29 ▼3 India 65.7 -0.1 43 ▼6 Singapore 79.1 -3.2 40 ▼2 India 52.8
34 ▲5 China 71.3 +0.4 35 ▲4 Kazakhstan 83.0 +0.6 =32 ▲11 Nepal 64.5 +2.7 44 ↔ South Korea 78.5 0 43 ▼16 South Korea 52.2
39 ▲9 Malaysia 70.1 +5.1 39 ▲9 Azerbaijan 82.3 +2.7 35 ▼1 Australia 64.1 -0.3 46 ↔ Malaysia 76.3 0 45 ▼6 Kazakhstan 51.9
41 ▼6 Kazakhstan 69.2 -2.7 =40 ▲6 Thailand 81.8 +1.2 36 ▲47 Malaysia 64.0 +15.5 56 ▼5 China 71.4 -1.1 50 ↔ Thailand 50.8
51 ▼1 Thailand 64.5 +0.9 43 ▼11 South Korea 80.3 -4.2 37 ▼9 Indonesia 63.7 -2.0 60 ▲2 Uzbekistan 65.1 0 64 ▼18 China 47.2
56 ↔ Azerbaijan 62.6 +1.1 49 ▲2 China 77.4 -0.8 38 ▼2 New Zealand 63.2 -0.7 =61 ▲3 Vietnam 64.3 +0.1 65 ↔ Singapore 46.7
61 ▼8 Vietnam 61.1 -1.6 54 ▼4 Indonesia 74.9 -4.1 39 ▲9 Pakistan 63.0 +3.4 66 ↔ Myanmar 63.0 +0.2 66 ▲1 Malaysia 46.6
64 ▼4 Philippines 60.0 -1.0 57 ▲2 Philippines 74.3 +0.1 48 ▲1 Vietnam 60.4 +1.0 68 ▲7 Philippines 61.5 +2.3 69 ▲2 Sri Lanka 46.3
69 ▼12 Indonesia 59.2 -2.2 64 ▼7 Vietnam 68.9 -6.0 54 ▼25 Kazakhstan 58.5 -6.8 73 ▼1 Thailand 59.5 0 =70 ▲1 Tajikistan 45.9
71 ▼3 India 57.2 -1.4 65 ▲7 Cambodia 68.8 +8.8 55 ▼2 Bangladesh 58.1 +0.1 =74 ▼7 Azerbaijan 59.1 -3.1 78 ▼2 Vietnam 44.9
72 ▲6 Myanmar 56.7 +2.7 73 ▼16 Sri Lanka 62.9 -12.0 =56 ▲4 Azerbaijan 58.0 +2.2 =74 ▲3 India 59.1 +0.1 =81 ▼23 Australia 44.7
75 ▼1 Pakistan 54.7 -1.0 75 ▲8 Myanmar 58.9 +6.2 =59 ▼4 Thailand 57.3 +0.8 =80 ▼5 Pakistan 55.7 -3.5 86 ▲2 Nepal 44.0
77 ▼5 Sri Lanka 54.1 -3.0 77 ▲5 Tajikistan 53.1 -0.6 67 ▼17 Philippines 53.9 -5.0 =80 ▲2 Tajikistan 55.7 +0.2 =88 ▲4 Philippines 43.6
78 ▼1 Uzbekistan 53.8 -0.3 79 ▼5 Pakistan 52.6 -4.9 73 ▲1 Myanmar 52.2 +1.9 83 ▲1 Nepal 53.7 +0.9 95 ▼1 Pakistan 42.2
79 ▼3 Nepal 53.7 -1.1 80 ↔ India 50.2 -4.2 76 ▼20 Uzbekistan 51.3 -4.8 =86 ↔ Sri Lanka 52.1 +0.1 97 ▼1 Laos 42.0
81 ▲2 Cambodia 53.0 +1.7 81 ▲10 Uzbekistan 49.3 +4.4 77 ▼8 Tajikistan 51.1 -2.2 =91 ▲2 Laos 49.2 +0.2 102 ▼1 Cambodia 40.7
83 ▼1 Tajikistan 51.6 -0.9 82 ▼1 Bangladesh 48.8 -5.2 79 ▲5 Sri Lanka 50.6 +2.4 95 ▼4 Indonesia 48.5 -1.0 108 ↔ Azerbaijan 38.2
84 ▲1 Bangladesh 49.1 -1.4 83 ▼4 Nepal 48.3 -6.7 83 ▼12 Cambodia 48.7 -3.7 99 ▲2 Bangladesh 45.5 +1.1 111 ▼1 Bangladesh 36.8
91 ▼7 Laos 46.4 -4.6 84 ▼9 Laos 47.7 -8.9 93 ▼21 Laos 46.1 -5.7 100 ▲2 Cambodia 44.3 +0.2 113 ↔ Indonesia 33.0
1. Weaknes of affordability 74
• Inequality-adjusted income index 55.1
• Market access and agricultural financial services 58.8
• Access to finance and financial products for farmers 50
• Access to diversified financial products 50
2. Availability weakness 63
• Food supply adequacy 54
• Agricultural research and development 37.1
• Public expenditure on agricultural research and development 23
• Access to agricultural technology, education and resources 51.2
• Agricultural infrastructure 44.8
• Road infrastructure 25
• Air, port and rail infrastructure 51
• Irrigation infrastructure 21.6
• Political and social barriers to access Political and social barriers to access 54.3
• Corruption 25
• Gender inequality 50
• Food security strategy 0
3. Weakness of Quality and savety 48.5
• Dietary diversity 16.4
• Nutritient standards 50
• National dietary guideline 0
• National nutrition plan and strategy 0
• Micronutrient avalability 54,3
• Dietary avalability of vitamine A 50
• Dietary avalaibility of iron 47.9
• Protein quality 45.1
4. Weakness Natural Resource & resiliance 33
• Exposure 45.5
• Temperature rise 21.4
• Drought 25
• Sea level rise 25.1
• Water 0
• Agricultural water risk quantity 0
• Agricultural water risk quality 0
• Land 46.9
• Grass land -0
Natural R&R (2)
• Forest change 3.9
• Ocean, rivers and lake 19.8
• Eutrofication 0
• Marine biodiversity 39.7
• Poitical commitment to adaptation 3.9
• Early warning measure/climate smart agriculture 0
• Commitment to managing exposure 15.4
• National agriculture adaptation policy 0
• Disaster risk management 2
permasalahan
• Dualisme ekonomi, skala ekonomi pertanian rakyat kecil
• Infrastruktur blm optimal
• SDM blm tinggi
• Hilirisasi belum berkembang
• kemampuan bersaing dlm perdagangan dunia
Tantangan
• Enhance Food availability: Food production increase: land incease,
productivity. New transmigration : HGU, good infratructure (road,
BPP, Credit, cooperative, market, etc)
• Enhance food Affordability & utilization: Zero poor, safety net,
• Enhance natural resource and resilience: food diversification, national
& regional food stock, climate antisipation, risk mitigation
Isu strategi
• Perlindungan dan pemberdayaan petani
• Usaha tani terpadu
• Substitusi impor
• Pengelolaan lahan
• Promosi ekspor
• Modernisasi pertanian
• Kelembagaan
• Strategi komprehensif
• Koordinasi lintas instansi
Perlindungan dan pemberdayaan petani
• Subsidy: BPJS, BLT, seed, bank interest, premium insurance
• Labor intensive program for infrastructure improvement
• Credit with low interest rate & credit insurance
• Enlarge agric insurance (UU no 19/2013)
• Price guarantie and stabilization
• Food storage
• Health protection
• extention
Usaha tani terpadu
• Minimum input, zero waste
• Ternak-tanaman-ikan-hutan-biodigester
• Small farm, midle (yayasan bumi langit) dan big (PT Great Giant
Pineaple)
Substitusi Impor
• Sugar, soybean, rice, corn, wheat substitusion
• Productivity and maintain land
Diversifikasi pangan lokal
• Diversifikasi pangan pokok dari beras ke gandum sudah berhasil tetapi
tidak tepat, belum untuk pangan lokal. Itu penyumbang swasembada
beras tahun yg lalu tp impor gandum tetap tinggi.
• Perlu pengembangan pangan lokal, mulai dari budidaya, teknologi
bahan pangan lokal yg mudah disimpan (misal tepung) sampai
teknologi berbagai menu yg disenangi konsumen.
Pengelolaan lahan
• Develope agribusiness integration
• Increase farm size and maintain large size : HGU
• Provide good infrastructure
• New transmigration
Guremisasi petani
• Proses kepemilikan lahan yg main kecil menyebabkan kesejahteraan
petani makin rendah
• Guremisasi harus dicegah: transformasi struktural, konsolidasi lahan,
sistem warisan, pendidikan keluarga petani, industrialisasi utk
meningkatkan lapangan kerja, KB, implementasi UU no 1 1961 &
UUPA 1960, dll
Promosi Expor dan nilai tambah
• New market : afganistan, cambodia, laos
• Must be final product not raw material
• Regional union market
Modernisasi
• IR 1.0→IR 4.0
• Urban farming
• Smart farming
• Rooftop farming,
• drone
• Online marketing & digitalisasi
Peluang digital pertanian di Era New Normal (ENN)
• TIK sektor yang kebal dari dampak pandemi covid-19, TIK tumbuh
9,81% th 2020.
• TIK cocok utk generasi Milenial
• Perusahaan TIK telah dan sedang menyiapkan teknologi terdepan spt
5G, Cloud dan artificial intelligence.
• Mendukung smart farming
• Tantangan: pendidikan petani rendah (SD kl 5). Harus ada penyuluhan
yg tepat, wajar 9th diefektifkan, sekolah persamaan, dll
Kelembagaan
• Cooperatives: onion bantul case, coopetstive is not seperate but
united with the technical agency
• Partnership must be controlled
• UU yg belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan
UU yang belum sepenuhnya dijalankan
• UUPA 1960 dan UU no 1, 1961: batasan luas minimum lahan
• UU Pangan no 18/2012 tentang pembentukan Badan Pangan
Nasional, yg baru saja terbentuk.
• UU no 19/2013 tentang perlindungan dan pemberdayaan petani.
Bank Pertanian, Asuransi Pertanian
• UU tentang P2LPB
Strategi komprehensif
• Bisnis model Kemitraan antar daerah
• sistem logistik,
• Pangan tidak hanya beras, tapi juga pangan lokal lainnya
• Integrasi kebijakan pangan
• Kerjasama antara yg kecil, medium dan besar
• infrastruktur pendukung, dan
• insentif fiskal daerah untuk mendorong ketahanan pangan Wilayah
Sumatra
Sinergi lintas instansi
• Pangan diurusi oleh banyak instansi (berbagai kementerian di pusat,
berbagai Dinas di Pemda tkt I dan II), pertanian, tdk hanya diurusi
sektor pertanian saja tp multisektor)
• Alat & mesin, pupuk, pestisita, insektisida diurusi perindustrian,
asosiasi, koperasi diurusi kementrian/dinas koprasi,
• Pembiayaan diurusi oleh OJK, kementrian keuangan
• Perdagangan ditangani oleh kemendag
• Hilirisasi ditangani oleh perindustrian
• Infrastruktur oleh PUPR
• Transportasi oleh kementerian perhubungan
Sistem agribisnis Input Pertanian: alsin, saprotan, bibit,
pangan pakan
P
P
E
E
Ped. M Pertanian:
N Bank, asuransi,
pengumpul, A Tanaman pangan & horti, penelitian,
U
ped.besar
S
Perkebunan, perikanan, pendidikan,
pengecer, N penyuluhan,
supermarket,
Peternakan,
A konsultan,
agen, kehutanan J
transportasi,
distributor, R
A gudang
komisioner A
N
n Pengolahan
g
manufacturing
7/24/2004 43
Dampak
• Dalam sistem agribisnis pangan berkembang aktifitas ekonomi
• Perkembangan sistem agribisnis pangan berdampak pd aktifitas
ekonomi lainnya
• Efek multiplier yg tinggi
• Pertumbuhan ekonomi tinggi
• Kebangkitan ekonomi regional (a.l.Sumatra)
Penutup
• GFSI Indonesia menurun dan pada level sedang. Negara tetangga di
ASEAN, pada naik meningkat pada level baik. Kita selevel dengan
Myanmar, Cambodia dan laos dan tertinggal dengan Singapore,
Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam dan Philippines. Karena itu GFSI perlu
ditingkatkan.
• Sumatra punya peluang untuk meningkat lebih cepat
CV Prof Dr Ir Masyhuri
• GB Ekonomi Pertanian & Agribisnis UGM sejak 2002
• Ketua Komisi I bidang pengembangan akademik dan keilmuan DGB (Dewan Guru Besar) UGM 2017-2024
• Ketua DKU (Dewan Kehormatan Universitas) UGM 2022-2025
• Kepala Lab. Agribisnis 2017- 2023
• Ketua Dewan Redaksi Agroekonomi, 2012- skr
• Ketua II API (Asosiasi Profesor Indonesia) 2022-2025
• Penasehat PERHEPI (Perhimpunan Ekonomi Pertanian Indonesia, 2017-skr
Penerima penghargaan:
• Adhikarya Pangan Nusantara 2014
• Dosen Berprestasi 2007
• Honorary mayor staff, Mobile, Alabama, USA 1996
• Dosen teladan nasional 1990
Pengalaman: Kepala KP4 (PIAT) UGM, Wadir PPS (SPS) UGM, Kepala Pusat studi perdagangan dunia UGM,
Ketua Senat FP UGM, Ketua PERHEPI, Komisaris PT Pagilaran dll