Answer Final Test English for Civil Enginering

Name : Regita Saras Noviantika Puri

NPM : 2106020016

1. Reading Comprehension

In 1889, Paris held the Exposition Universelle (World Fair) to mark the 100th anniversary of
the French Revolution. More than 100 artists submitted competing plans for a monument to
be built on Champ-de-Mars, which is located in the center of Paris, and serves as an
exhibition entrance. The commission was awarded to Eiffel et Compagnie, a consulting and
construction company owned by renowned bridge builder, architect and metal expert
Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel. Although Eiffel himself often receives full awards for the
monument that bears his name, it is one of his employees - a structural engineer named
Maurice Koechlin - who created and perfected the concept.Support assembly began on July
1, 1887 and was completed twenty-two months later. All elements are prepared at the Eiffel
factory located in Levallois-Perret on the outskirts of Paris. Each of the 18,000 parts used to
build the Tower was specially designed and calculated, traced to an accuracy of one-tenth of
a millimeter and then put together to form new pieces about five meters each. A team of
constructors, who have been working on a large metal bridge project, are in charge of 150 to
300 workers on site that assemble this giant erector set.All of the tower metal pieces are held
together by rivets, a construction method that was refined at the time the Tower was built.
First, the pieces are assembled at the factory using bolts, then replaced one by one with
thermally assembled rivets, which contract during cooling ensuring a very tight fit. A team of
four is needed for each rivet installed: one to heat it, another to hold it in place, a third to
form the head and a fourth to beat it with a sledgehammer. Only a third of the 2,500,000
rivets used in the construction of the Tower were put directly on site. The title rests on a
concrete foundation set several meters below ground level on a layer of compacted gravel.
Each corner edge rests on its own support beam, exerts a pressure of 3 to 4 kilograms per
square centimeter, and each block is connected to the wall. In the Seine side construction, the
builders used watertight metal caissons and injected compressed air, so they could work
below the surface of the water. The tower was assembled using wooden scaffolding and a
small steam crane was attached to the tower itself. First tier assembly is accomplished using
twelve temporary wooden scaffolds, 30 meters high, and four large scaffolds 40 meters each.
The “sandbox” and hydraulic jack - replaced after use with a permanent wedge - allow the
metal support beams to be positioned with an accuracy of one millimeter. It took only five
months to build the foundation and twenty-one to complete assembling the Tower metal
pieces.
On March 31, 1889, Eiffel celebrated the completion of a major structural work by leading a
group of the press and officials on a tour of the tower - via stairs. After reaching the top with
his most powerful party, Eiffel flew the French flag with a burst of 25 guns. There is still
work to be done, particularly on elevators and facilities, and the tower is not open to the
public until nine days after the exposition opening on 6 May; even then, the lift wasn't
finished. The tower was an instant success with the public, and nearly 30,000 visitors made
an ascent of 1,710 steps to the summit before the lift began operating on May 26.

Answer :
1. What is the purpose of holding the Exposition Universelle?
the purpose of holding the Exposition Universelle to mark the 100th anniversary of the
French Revolution.
2. How many artists have submitted plans to compete in the world exhibition? the number of
artists who have submitted plans to compete in the world exhibition is More than 100
artists
3. Where is the monument located? the monument is located in the center of Paris
4. Who gets the commission? the one who gets the commission is Eiffel et Compagnie
5. what is the Eiffel et Compagnie? Eiffel et Compagnie is a consulting and construction
company owned by renowned bridge builder, architect and metalworker
6. What was the name of the famous metal master? the name of the famous metal master is
Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel
7. Also who is Alexandre Gustave Eiffel? Alexandre Gustave Eiffel is architect and
metalworker
8. Where are the elements of the monument prepared? elements of the monument were
prepared at the Eiffel factory located in Levallois-Perret on the outskirts of Paris.
9. How many rivets were used in the construction of the tower? the number of rivets used in
the construction of the tower is one third of 2,500,000
10. How many workers assemble the erector set from the project? this giant? the number of
workers who assemble the erector set of the project is 150 to 300 workers
11. How many people are required for each rivet that is applied? the number of people
needed for each rivet installed is four people
12. How many rivets were used in the construction of towers installed directly on site? the
number of rivets used in the construction of the tower is one third of 2,500,000

13 When was the Eiffel Tower completed? The Eiffel Tower was completed on March 31,
1889
14. What is the form of the celebration as a sign of the completion of the big structural work?
form of celebration as a sign of completion of major structural work by leading a group
of press and officials on a tour of the tower - through the stairs
15. Why was the French flag raised and 25 guns fired? The French flag was flown and 25
guns fired, because Eiffel had reached the top with his most powerful party.