Reaksi Perletakan
Rva = …?
∑Mb = 0
Rva (6) – 5 (5,25) – 5 (4,50) – 10 (3) – 5 (1,50) – 5 (0,75) = 0
6 Rva – 26,25 – 22,5 – 30 – 7,5 – 3,75 = 0
6 Rva – 90 = 0
6 Rva = 90
90
Rva =
6
Rva = 15 t (↑)
Rvb = …?
∑Ma = 0
– Rva (6) + 5 (5,25) + 5 (4,50) + 10 (3) + 5 (1,50) + 5 (0,75) = 0
– 6 Rva + 26,25 + 22,5 + 30 + 7,5 + 3,75 = 0
– 6 Rva + 90 = 0
6 Rva = 90
90
Rva =
6
Rva = 15 t (↑)
Mencari Sudut (α)
α = …?
B
α =
A
2
=
3
= 0,667
= 33,703° ≈ 34 °
S1 = …?
∑V =0
15 + S1y = 0
15 + S1 sin α =0
15 + S1 sin 34° = 0
15 + S1 0,559 =0
S1 0,559 = - 15
−15
S1 =
0,559
S1 = - 26,834 t (Tekan)
S2 = …?
∑H =0
S1x + S2 =0
S1 cos α +S2 = 0
- 26,834 cos 34° +S2 = 0
- 26,834 (0,829) + S2 =0
- 22,245 + S2 =0
S2 = 22,245 t (Tarik)
Titik C
S4 = …?
∑V =0
S1y – S3y + S4y – 5 =0
S1 sin α – S3 sin α + S4 sin α – 5 = 0
26,834 sin 34° – S3 sin 34° + S4 sin 34° – 5 = 0
26,834 (0,559) – S3 (0,559) + S4 (0,559) – 5 = 0
15 – S3 (0,559) + S4 (0,559) – 5 = 0
10 – S3 (0,559) + S4 (0,559) = 0
– S3 (0,559) + S4 (0,559) = - 10 (Persamaan …1)
S3 = …?
∑H =0
S1x + S3x + S4x = 0
S1 cos α + S3 cos α + S4 cos α = 0
26,834 cos 34° + S3 cos 34° + S4 cos 34° = 0
26,834 (0,829) + S3 (0,829) + S4 (0,829) = 0
22,245 + S3 (0,829) + S4 (0,829) = 0
S3 (0,829) + S4 (0,829) = - 22,245 (Persamaan …2)
Eliminasi
S5 = …?
∑V =0
- S3y + S5 =0
- S3 sin α + S5 = 0
- 22,358 sin 34° + S5 = 0
- 22,358 (0,559) + S5 = 0
- 12,498 + S5 = 0
S5 = 12,498 t (Tarik)
S6 = …?
∑H =0
S3x - S2 + S6 = 0
S3 cos α – S2+ S6 = 0
22,358 cos 34° – 33,367 + S6 = 0
22,358 (0,829) – 33,367 + S6 = 0
18,535 – 22,245 + S6 = 0
– 3,710 + S6 = 0
S6 = 3,710 t (Tarik)
Titik E
S7 = …?
∑V =0
S4y - S5 – S7y + S8y – 5 =0
S4 sin α - S5 – S7 sin α + S8 sin α – 5 = 0
S4 sin 34° - S5 – S7 sin 34° + S8 sin 34° – 5 = 0
22,358 (0,559) - 12,498 – S7 (0,559) + S8 (0,559) – 5 = 0
12,498 - 12,498 – S7 (0,559) + S8 (0,559) – 5 = 0
5 – S7 (0,559) + S8 (0,559) = 0
– S7 (0,559) + S8 (0,559) = - 5 (Persamaan …1)
S8 = …?
∑H =0
S4x + S7x + S8x = 0
S4 cos α + S7 cos α + S8 cos α = 0
22,358 cos 34° + S7 cos 34° + S8 cos 34° = 0
22,358 (0,829) + S7 (0,829) + S8 (0,829) = 0
18,535 + S7 (0,829) + S8 (0,829) = 0
S7 (0,829) + S8 (0,829) = -18,535 (Persamaan …2)
Eliminasi
– S7 (0,559) + S8 (0,559) = -5 x 0,829
S7 (0,829) + S8 (0,829) = -18,535x 0,559
– S7 (0,463) + S8 (0,463) = - 4,145
S7 (0,463) + S8 (0,463) = - 10,361 -
– S7 (0,926) = 6,216
6,216
S7 =
−0,926
S7 = 6,713 t (Tarik)
Subtitusi S7 ke Persamaan 2
S7 (0,829) + S8 (0,829) = -18,535
6,713 (0,829) + S8 (0,829) = -18,535
5,565 + S8 (0,829) = -18,535
S8 (0,829) = -18,535 - 5,565
S8 (0,829) = - 24,1
−24,1
S8 =
0,829
S8 = -29,071 t (Tekan)
Titik F
S10 = …?
∑H =0
S8x + S10x = 0
S8 cos α + S10 cos α = 0
29,071 cos 34° + S10 cos 34° = 0
29,071 (0,829) + S10 (0,829) = 0
24,1 + S10 (0,829) = 0
S10 (0,829) = - 24,1
−24,1
S10 =
0,829
S10 = -29,071 t (Tekan)
S9 = …?
∑V =0
S8y – S9 – S10y – 10 = 0
S8 sin α – S9 – S10 sin α – 10 = 0
S8 sin 34° – S9 – S10 sin 34° – 10 = 0
29,071 (0,559) – S9 – (-29,071) (0,559) – 10 = 0
16,251 – S9 + 16,251 – 10 = 0
32,502 – S9 – 10 = 0
22,502 – S9 =
S9 = 22,502 t (Tarik)
S17 = S1
= - 26,834 t (Tekan)
S16 = S2
= 22,245 t (Tarik)
S14 = S4
= - 22,358 t (Tekan)
S15 = S3
= - 4,476 t (Tekan)
S13 = S5
= 12,498 t (Tarik)
S12 = S6
= 3,710 t (Tarik)
S11 = S7
= 6,713 t (Tarik)
Dari perhitungan di atas di dapatkan gaya Tarik maksimal sebesar 22,245 ton dan gaya
Tekan maksimal sebesar 29,071 ton
Menentukan nilai-nilai kuat acuan kayu secara visual jika kerapatan kayu ρ = 0,5 dan kadar
air m = 10 %
Penyelesaian
- Kerapatan ρ = 0,5 gr/cm3 = 500 kg/m3 dengan kadar air m = 10 %
- Berat jenis pada m%:
ρ
Gm = m
1000(1+ )
100
500
= 10
1000(1+ )
100
500
=
1100
= 0,455
- Berat jenis dasar :
30−m 30−10
a = = = 0,667
30 30
Gm
Gb =
1+ 0,265 a Gm
0,455
=
1+ 0,265 ₓ0,667 ₓ 0,455
0,455
=
1,080
= 0,421
- Berat jenis pada kadar air 15%
Gb
G15 =
1−0,159 Gb
0,421
=
1−0,159 ₓ 0,421
0,421
=
0,933
= 0,451
- Estimasi kuat acuan berdasarkan atas berat jenis pada kadar air 15% untuk kayu
berserat lurus tampa cacat:
Modulus elastis lentur Ew :
Ew = 16500G0,7 = 16500 ₓ 0,4510,7 = 9449 MPa
Lentur Fb :
Fb = 17130G1,13 = 17130 ₓ 0,4511,13 = 6966 kPa
Tari sejajar serat = tekan sejajar serat : Ft = Fc//
Ft = Fc// = 7600G0,89 =7600 ₓ 0,4510,89 = 3741 kPa
Geser sejajar serat : Fv
Fv = 2190G1,13 = 2190 ₓ 0,4511,13 = 1078 kPa
Tekan tegak lurus serat Fc ꓕ :
Fc ꓕ = 2160G2,09 = 2160 ₓ 0,4512,09 = 409kpa
Mencari dimensi balok
Dimana Ft = 3,741 ₓ 0,8 = 3 MPa
Factor tahanan Tarik Φ = 0,8 fator waktu λ = 0,8
Tu
An ≥
λ x Φ × Ft
1,2(290000)
≥
0,8 x 0,8× 3
348 000
≥
1,92
≥ 181250 mm2
5/10 40 KN
20 KN 2,5/10
Penyelesaian :
Kuat tumpu paku, untuk Bj = 0,5 ; dari tabel Fem = Fes = 26,35 N/mm2
Kuat lentur paku, untuk 3,6 mm<D ≤ 4,7 mm ; dari tabel Fyb =
620 N/mm2 Penetrasi pada komponen pemegang, p = 102 – 25 –
50 = 27 mm
Untuk D < 4,3 mm, maka KD = 2,2
Z’ = Cd . Ceg . Ctn . Z
= 1568 N
Tahanan lateral ijin (Zu) :
Zu = λ . Φz . Z’
= 794 N
n f = P / Zu
= (20000) / (794)