Modul 1.

3
Sistem Lokomotor dan Saraf Tepi
Pokok Bahasan:
Sistem Saraf Otonom (SSO)

Dept of Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro Univ
2016
 Sistem Saraf Otonom (SSO)

Outline
• Anatomi dan Faal SSO
• Transmisi Neurohumoral
• Transmisi Kolinergik
• Transmisi Adrenergik
• Respon organ efektor terhadap rangsang saraf
otonom
• Cara kerja obat otonom
• Penggolongan obat otonom
 Saraf Otonom vs. Saraf Somatik
1. Saraf otonom inervasi semua struktur tubuh kecuali
otot rangka
2. Sinaps otonom simpatis (dalam ganglia yi lateral
MS: ganglia pravertebralis dan paravertebralis);
sinaps parasimpatis (berakhir di ganglia
parasimpatis yang terdapat di luar organ yang
dipersyarafi)
Saraf somatik: satu jenis neuron motorik (otak/MS)
3. Saraf otonom bentuk pleksus, somatik (-)
4. Saraf somatik diselubungi myelin, otonom (-)
5. Saraf otonom dapat berfungsi tanpa persarafan,
somatik (-): jika saraf somatik putus, paralisis
 CNS

Brain Spinal cord

Cranial nerves Spinal nerves

PNS
Organisasi Sistem Syaraf Otonom
Neurotransmitter
PS:Konservasi dan Reservasi S:Bertempur atau Lari
 Basic plan of the mammalian
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
 AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
THORACIC CRANIAL

ACh ACh
PARASYMPATHETIC
(nic) (musc) TARGETS

NA
SYMPATHETIC
ACh ( + ) TARGETS

(nic)
ACh Sweat glands,
piloerector
(musc) muscles etc.
SACRAL LUMBAR

ACh
ADRENAL
(nic) MEDULLA

ACh ACh PARASYMPATHETIC

(nic) (musc) TARGETS

ACh
SKELETAL
(nic) MUSCLE
SOMATIC EFFERENT SYSTEM
Transmisi Neurohumoral
 Fight or flight vs. rest and digest

ORGAN SIMPATIS PARASIMPATIS

Jantung  frekwensi & kekuatan  frekwensi & kekuatan

Pembuluh Darah mostly constriction no effect

(dilates some skeletal
muscle arterioles and
some veins)

Saluran nafas dilatasi konstriksi

GI tract  motility  motility

Kelamin laki2 ejakulasi ereksi

Mata (pupil) dilatasi konstriksi

Kelenjar Ludah Sekresi kental sekresi

Hati glycogenolysis no effect

Transmission at cholinergic nerve terminals
Transmission at cholinergic nerve terminals

choline
AcCoA
CAT
ACh
CoA
choline
empty
vesicle
ACh
exocytosis

ACh Acetate + choline

AChE
ACh
• ACh = Acetylcholine
• AcCoA = Acetyl Coenzyme A
• CAT = Choline Acetyl Transferase
• AChE = Acetylcholinesterase
RESEPTOR KOLINERGIK

TIPE : - Muskarinik  heart rate +++

 secretion +++
 peristaltik +++
 spinkter +++
 urine kurang

- Nikotinik 
otot (NM): kontraksi otot lurik
neuronal (NN): ganglia otonom,
adrenal meduka, SSP

diperlukan kehati-hatian dlm pemakaian obat

Reseptor Asetilkolin Muskarinik
• Subtipe M1,2,3,4 & 5
• M4 & 5 belum jelas
• M1 – di ganglion autonom, kelenjar
• M2 – di jantung
• M3 – di otot polos + kelenjar
• Di SSP : Semua subtipe
Res M3 dan M3 stimulasi fosfolipase C..kontraksi
otot polos dan sekresi kelenjar
Res M2 stimulasi protein Gi, hambat adenil
siklase....efek kronotropikn dan inotropik negatif

Reseptor Asetilkolin Nikotinik

• Di SSP
• Di otot lurik
 NA and Adrenaline

Tyrosine Adrenaline
Tyrosine hydroxylase -ve

(rate-limiting step) feedback

DOPA
DOPA Phenylethanolamine
Decarboxylase (in nerve N-methyl transferase in
terminals) adrenal medulla
Dopamine Noradrenaline
Dopamine -
(neurotransmitter) hydroxylase
Transmisi
Adrenergik
 Reuptake at adrenergic nerve terminals dan
Metabolisme adrenergik
MAO = MONOAMINE OXIDASE
COMT = CATECHOL-O-
METHYLTRANSFERASE
UPTAKE 1: HIGH AFFINITY FOR
NA; LOWER MAXIMAL RATE
REUPTAKE TO
TERMINAL UPTAKE 2: LOW AFFINITY FOR
NA; HIGHER MAXIMAL RATE
NA
MAO

NA

UPTAKE 1 REUPTAKE TO TISSUES

NA NA
UPTAKE 2
COMT
Terima Kasih