DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ..............................................................................................i

ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ ii

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................iv

ASISTEN PRAKTIKUM......................................................................................v

DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP ..............................................................................vi

LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAN ............................................................................xiv

UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH...............................................................................xvii

KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................................xviii

DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................xix

DAFTAR TABEL ..............................................................................................xxii

DAFTAR GAMBAR.........................................................................................xxiii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.....................................................................................xxiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAN.......................................................................................1

1.1 Latar Belakang.........................................................................................1

1.2 Tujuan......................................................................................................2
1.2.1.1 Tujuan Umum..............................................................................2
1.2.1.2 Tujuan Khusus.............................................................................2
1.3 Manfaat....................................................................................................3
1.4 Ruang Lingkup........................................................................................4
BAB II REAKSI ESTERIFIKASI........................................................................5
2.1 Tujuan......................................................................................................5
2.2 Dasar Teori...............................................................................................5
2.3 Alat dan Bahan......................................................................................12
2.3.1 Alat.............................................................................................12
2.3.2 Bahan.........................................................................................17

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 2.3.3 Rangkaian Alat Percobaan Esterifikasi......................................21
2.4 Prosedur Percobaan...............................................................................22
2.5 Hasil Pengamatan..................................................................................23
2.6 Pengolahan Data....................................................................................24
2.7 Analisa Percobaan.................................................................................24
2.8 Analisa Kesalahan.................................................................................26
2.9 Kesimpulan...........................................................................................26

BAB III IDENTIFIKASI HIDROKARBON...................................................27

3.1 Tujuan....................................................................................................27
3.2 Dasar Teori.............................................................................................27
3.3 Alat dan Bahan......................................................................................32
3.3.1 Alat.............................................................................................32
3.3.2 Bahan..........................................................................................33
3.4 Prosedur Percobaan...............................................................................37
3.5 Hasil Pengamatan..................................................................................39
3.6 Analisa Percobaan.................................................................................39
3.7 Analisa Kesalahan..................................................................................40
3.8 Kesimpulan............................................................................................41
BAB IV NITRASI SENYAWA AROMATIS......................................................42
4.1 Tujuan....................................................................................................42
4.2 Dasar Teori.............................................................................................43
4.3 Alat dan Bahan.......................................................................................48
4.3.1 Alat...............................................................................................48
4.3.2 Bahan...........................................................................................51
4.4 Prosedur Percobaan................................................................................
...............................................................................................................54
4.4.1 Nitrasi Toluena.............................................................................54
4.4.2 Nitrasi Nitrobenzena....................................................................55
4.4.3 Nitrasi Klorobenzena...................................................................55
4.5 Hasil Pengamatan..................................................................................56

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 4.6 Analisa Percobaan..................................................................................57
4.7 Analisa Kesalahan..................................................................................58
4.8 Kesimpulan............................................................................................58

BAB V PENUTUP................................................................................................59
5.1 Kesimpulan............................................................................................59
5.2 Saran......................................................................................................62
5.2.1 Untuk Akamigas Balongan..........................................................62
5.2.2 Untuk Asisten Praktikum.............................................................62
5.2.3 Untuk Praktikan...........................................................................62

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

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