A. BENTUK ALJABAR
Contoh 3.
Jumlahkan –3x3 + 7x2 + 4x – 5 dengan 6x3 – 2x2 + 5x + 9
Jawab.
–3x3 + 7x2 + 4x – 5 + (6x3 – 2x2 – 9x + 7) = –3x3 + 7x2 + 4x – 5 + 6x3 – 2x2 + 5x + 9
= –3x3 + 6x3 + 7x2 – 2x2 + 4x + 5x – 5 + 9
= (–3 + 6)x3 + (7 – 2)x2 + (4 – 9)x + (– 5 + 7)
= 3x3 + 5x2 – 5x + 2
Contoh 4.
Kurangkan 3p2 + 5p – 4 dari 7p2 – 3p + 5
Jawab.
7p2 – 3p + 5 – (3p2 + 5p – 4) = 7p2 – 3p + 5 – 3p2 – 5p + 4
= 7p2 – 3p2 – 3p – 5p + 5 + 4
= (7 – 3)p2 + (– 3 – 5)p + (5 + 4)
= 4p2 – 8p + 9
1
2
SOAL LATIHAN 1
2. Sederhanakanlah : 3. Sederhanakan :
a. 6x + 7x = ............................ a. 6n + 5 – 9n + 2 = ........................
b. –7n + 4n + (–5n) = ........................... b. 5p + 4q – 9p + 7q = .......................
c. 13y – 6y = ............................ c. –3s + 8t + 7s – 2t = .......................
d. 8q – 5q – (–4q) = ............................... d. 3x2 – 4x + 7 – 8x2 + 7x – 5 = ............
Contoh 2.
Jawab.
a. (2x + 5) (7x – 4) = 2x (7x – 4) + 5 (7x – 4)
= 14x2 – 8x + 35x – 20
= 14x2 + 27x – 20
b. (6p – 7) (3p2 – 4p + 5) = 6p (3p2 – 4p + 5) – 7 (3p2 – 4p + 5)
= 18p3 – 24p2 + 30p – 21p2 + 28p – 35
= 18p3 – 24p2 – 21p2 + 30p + 28p – 35
= 18p3 – 45p2 + 58p – 35
3
Contoh 1.
Tentukan hasil dari : a. (12p + 9) : 3 b. (24x2y – 16xy2) : 8xy
Jawab.
3 (4p + 3) 8xy (3x – 2y)
a. (12p + 9) : 3 = b. (24x2y – 16xy2) : 8xy =
3 8xy
= 4p + 3 = 3x – 2y
SOAL LATIHAN 2
1. Tulislah perkalian berikut sebagai jumlah atau selisih :
a. –3p(2p – 7) Jawab. ............................................................................................................
b. 4a(–3a2b + 6ab2 – 4b3) Jawab. .............................................................................................
c. (5y + 3) (4y – 7) Jawab. ........................................................................................................
d. (3m – 8n) (5m2n – 6mn2 + 4n3) Jawab. .................................................................................
2. Jabarkan !
a. (a + b) (a + b) = .....................................................................................................................
b. (a + b) (a – b) = .....................................................................................................................
c. (a – b) (a + b) = .....................................................................................................................
d. (a – b) (a – b) = .....................................................................................................................
e. (a – b) (p + q) = .....................................................................................................................
4. Sederhanakan !
a. (16x – 24y) : 8 = ...................................................................................................................
b. (12p2 – 8p + 20) : 4 = ...........................................................................................................
c. (4y3 + 2y2 – 6y) : 2y = ...........................................................................................................
d. (4x2y + 6xy2) : 2xy = .............................................................................................................
e. (15p3q2r – 9p2qr3 + 12pq3r2) : 3pqr = ....................................................................................
5. Tentukan FPB dan KPK dari tiap pasangan bentuk aljabar berikut !
a. ab2c3 dan a2b4c Jawab. FPB = ................................. KPK = .............................................
b. 18pq dan 27qr Jawab. FPB = .................................. KPK = .............................................
c. 24x2y dan 16xy2 Jawab. FPB = ................................. KPK = .............................................
d. 15a3b2c dan 20a5b4c2 Jawab. FPB = .......................... KPK = .............................................
Untuk memahami operasi pada bentuk pecahan aljabar, coba pelajari kembali operasi pecahan
biasa dengan seksama karena prinsip mengoperasikannya sama.
a. Penjumlahan dan Pengurangan
Contoh 1.
3a 4 2a 4b
Tentukanlah hasil dari : a. + b. 2
+
xy xy x y xy 2
Jawab.
3a 4 3a 4
a. + = (penyebutnya sudah sama)
xy xy xy
2a 4b y (2a) x(4b) 2ay 4bx
b. 2 + = 2 2 + 2 2 = (x2y2 adalah KPK dari x2y dan xy2)
x y xy 2
x y x y x2 y2
Contoh 2.
2 a 3b 3a 4b
Tentukan hasil dari : a. – b. 2
– 2
pq pq x z y z
Jawab.
2 a 3b 2a 3b
a. – = (penyebutnya sudah sama)
pq pq pq
3a 4b y 2 (3a ) x 2 (4b) 3ay 2 4bx 2
b. – = – 2 2 = (x2y2z adalah KPK dari x2z dan y2z)
x2 z y2 z x2 y2 z x y z x2 y2 z
5
b. Perkalian dan Pembagian
Contoh 1.
2a 3 10 p 21q
Tentukan hasil dari : a. X b. X
5 4a 2 7q 2
5p2
Jawab.
2a 3 2aX 3 6a
a. X 2
= 2
=
5 4a 5 X 4a 20 a 2
6a : 2a 3
= 2
= (2a adalah FPB dari 6a dan 20a2)
20 a : 2a 10a
SOAL LATIHAN 3
= ...................................................................................................
6
7 y 21 y 2
e. : = ...............................................................................................................
15 25
= ................................................................................................................
20 n 25n
f. 2
: = ................................................................................................................
35 n 18n 2
= .................................................................................................................
7 6
g. : = .........................................................................................................
( x 4) ( x 3)
= .........................................................................................................
7 ( x 3)
h. : = .........................................................................................................
( x 5) 6
= .........................................................................................................
12 y 25 x 5
i. ( 2
X 2
): = ...................................................................................................
5x 18 y 6 xy
= ...................................................................................................