Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura

Panduan Menjawab Kertas 3 Kimia KSSM Mulai 2021
Guidelines For Answering KSSM Chemistry Practical Starting 2021
1. Maksud kadar Tindak balas/ Definition of Rate of reaction
Kadar tindak balas ialah perubahan kuantiti bahan tindak balas per unit
masa atau perubahan kuantiti hasil tindak balas per unit masa.
The rate of reaction is the changes in the quantity of the reactant per unit time
or the changes in the quantity of product per unit time.
.....................................................................................................................
4. Teori perlanggaran/ Collision theory
Menurut teori perlanggaran/ According to the collision theory,
• Zarah bahan tindak balas mesti berlanggar antara satu sama lain untuk
tindak balas berlaku.
reactant particles must collide with one another for reaction to occur
• Kadar tindak balas bergantung kepada frekuensi perlanggaran berkesan.
the rate of reaction depends on the frequency of effective collisions
.....................................................................................................................

2. Pengiraan yang terlibat/ Calculations involved

5. Menggunakan teori perlanggaran/ Using collision theory
(a) Purata (b) Pada masa tertentu
Average At instantaneous Saiz Mangkin Suhu Kepekatan
1. Saiz 1. Mangkin 1. Suhu 1. Kepekatan
(i) Purata keseluruhan Ada perkataan “pada masa” 2. Saiz kecil, JLPI 2. Menyediakan 2. Suhu 2. Kepekatan tinggi,
(jumlah Luas lintasan alternatif bertambah, tenaga Bilangan zarah per isi
Overall average Have the word “At time” permukaan per dengan rendahkan kinetic zarah padubertambah
isi padu besar tenaga pengaktifan bahan bertambah 3. FP meningkat antara
Ambil masa pertama isi padu Buat graf/ Make a graf 3. FP meningkat 3. lebih banyak 3. lebih banyak H+ + ion thiosulfat, S2O32-
malar antara CaCO3 + zarah bahan zarah bertenaga 4. FPB meningkat antara
Take the first time of volume is Buat tangen dan segitiga H+ mencapai tenaga mengatasi tenaga H+ + ion thiosulfat, S2O32-
4. FPB meningkat pengaktifan itu. pengaktifan
constant Make a tangent and triagle antara CaCO3 + 4. FPB meningkat 4. FPB meningkat
H+ antara Zn + H+ antara H+ + ion
(ii) Purata DALAM masa Kira kecerunan thiosulfat, S2O32-
Average IN time Calculate the gradient 1. Size 1. Catalyst 1. Temperature 1. Concentration
2. Smaller size, 2. Provide 2. Temperature 2. The higher
Nilai data yang sebut tolak 1 TSA (Total surface alternative increases, the concentration, the number
area per volume) pathway by lower kinetic energy of particle pr volume
minit sebelumnya
bigger activation energy, reactant particles Increase
The data value minus 1 minute 3. FOC increases 3. more reactant increases 3. FOC increases between
before between CaCO3 + particles can 3. more particles H+ + thiosulphate ion,
H+ achieve have energy to S2O32-
4. FOC increases activation energy overcome 4. FOC increases between
between CaCO3 + 4. FOC increases activation energy. H+ + thiosulphate ion,
H+ between Zn + H+ 4. FOC increases S2O32-
between H+ +
3. 3 Bentuk graf/ Graph shape thiosulphate ion,
S2O32-
Bahan/ Reactant Hasil/ product

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 Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura

ARAHAN: Anda dikehendaki menyemak radas dan bahan, membaca soalan

dan merancang eksperimen dalam tempoh lima minit yang pertama.
Tandakan (√) pada ruangan yang disediakan sekiranya radas dan bahan
yang disenaraikan dalam jadual dibekalkan.

INSTRUCTION:You are required to check the list of apparatus and materials,

read the question and plan the experiment in the first five minutes.
Tick (√) in the space provided if the apparatus and materials listed in the table
are supplied.

No Radas dan bahan Kuantiti Ya () / Tidak (x)

Apparatus and material Quantity Yes () / No (x)
1 Bikar 250 ml mengandungi 200 cm3 1
asid hidroklorik
250 ml beaker contains 200 cm3
hydrochloric acid
2 Silinder penyukat 50 ml 1
https://www.youtube.com/live/m5ygDFkL78Q?si=DyFsMxTpVk_FOfcJ 50 ml Measuring cylinder
SENARAI SEMAK CALON/ CANDIDATE CHECKLIST 3 Bikar 100 ml/ 100 ml beaker 3
4 Tungku kaki tiga/ Tripod stand 1
5 Kasa Dawai/ Wire Gauze 1
6 Penunu Bunsen/ Bunsen burner 1
7 Mancis/ Match
8 Termometer (-10 °C - 110 °C) 1
Thermometer (-10 °C - 110 °C)
9 Jubin putih/ White tile 1
10 Jam randik Analog/ Analog Stopwatch 1
11 Pemegang tabung uji (Penyepit kayu) 1
Test tube holder (Wooden tongs)
12 Pita magnesium (3 cm) 3
Magnesium ribbon (3 cm)
14 Botol berisi air suling 1 botol
Wash bottle filled with distilled water
15 Kertas pasir /Sand paper 1
16 Penitis/ Dropper 1
17 Tuala/towel 1
18 Plastik berzip/ Plastic zipper 1

Pemegang tabung uji (Penyepit kayu)/Test tube holder (Wooden tongs)

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 Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura

Cara guna jam randik analog (a) Jam Randik Analog/ Analog Stopwatch – SPM 2003
How to use an analog stopwatch
3 kali tekan
3 times press
Kali pertama – mula
First time – start
Kali kedua – berhenti
Second time – stop
Kali ke 3. Kembali kepada 0/ reset
3rd time. Back to 0/reset
1 DP
Cara pengunaan penunu burner/ How to use the burner: : 37.0 33.0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OafLpvPe6oc

(b) Jam Randik Digital/ digital Stopwatch– 2011/

NO DP

0s
……………………. 33 s
…………………….

Biasanya/ Usually:

Jam randik anolog – 1 titik perpuluhan

Analog stopwatch – 1 decimal point

Jam randik digital – 2 titik perpuluhan jika lebih 1 minit

Digital stopwatch – 2 decimal points if over 1 minute

Atau tiada titik perpuluhan macam contoh di atas

Penitis – gunakan untuk mencukupkan isi padu larutan dalam silinder
Or no decimal point like the example above
penyukat
Dropper – use to fill the volume of the solution in the measuring cylinder

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 Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura

Contoh Lain/ Other Examples Kaedah – ayat aktif

Pasif – laporan
Bacaan Saat Bacaan minit Tulis dalam minit
Second Reading Minute reading Write in minutes 1. Susunkan Tungku kaki tiga, Kasa Dawai dan Penunu Bunsen untuk
30 saat O minit 30 saat 30/60 = 0.5 minit pemanasan
30 seconds O minutes 30 seconds Arrange the Tripod Furnace, Wire Gauze and Bunsen Burner for heating
90 saat 1 minit 30 saat 90/60 = 1.5 minit
90 seconds 1 minutes 30 seconds 2. Keluar dan bersihkan tiga pita magnesium dengan menggunakan kertas
120 saat 2 minit 0 saat 120/60 = 2.0 minit pasir.
120 seconds 2 minutes 0 seconds Take out and clean the three of magnesium ribbon using sandpaper

PASTIKAN SERAGAM TITIK PERPULUHANNYA 3. Simpan semula ke dalam Plastik berzip

MAKE SURE THE DECIMAL POINTS ARE UNIFORM Store it back in the Plastic zipper

Idea Eksperimen/ Idea of Experiment
Minta murid buat lukisan bersama cikgu. Kemudian fahamkan proses.
Kemudian drill untuk buat kaedah
Lukiskan
1. Penyediaan penunu bunsun, kasa dawai dan tungku kaki tiga
2. Sukat asid guna selinder penyukat. Ada libat penitis
3. Tuangkan ke bikar 100 ml. panaskan
4. pindahkan ke jubin putih guna pemegang tabung uji (Penyepit kayu)
4. Sukat 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik dengan mengunakan selinder penyukat.
Measure 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid using a measuring cylinder.
5. Gunakan penitis untuk mencukupkan isi padu yang diperlukan
Use a dropper to add the required volume
6. Tuangkan asid hidroklorik tersebut ke dalam bikar 50 ml
Pour the hydrochloric acid into a 50 ml beaker
7. Letakkan bikar 50 ml yang mengandungi asid hidroklorik di atas kasa
dawai yang telah di susun di Langkah 1
Place the 50 ml beaker containing hydrochloric acid on top of the wire gauze
that was arranged in Step 1

5. sambung ke diagram bawah 8. Nyalakan penunu bunsen dan panaskan sehingga asid hidroklorik
mencapai suhu 35 C.
Masukkan Mg Light the bunsen burner and heat until the hydrochloric acid reaches a
Mula jam randik temperature of 35 C.

9. Dengan menggunakan Pemegang tabung uji, pindahkan bikar dan

letakkan di atas Jubin putih
By using the test tube holder, transfer the beaker and place it on the white
Tile
Asid Hidroklorik
Hydrochloric acid 10. Masukkan pita magnesim ke dalam bikar yang mengandungi asid
hidroklorik dan mulakan jam randik.
put the magnesium ribbon into the beaker containing the hydrochloric acid
and start the stopwatch

11. Rekodkan masa yang diambil untuk pita magnesium larut sepenuhnya
dalam asid hidroklorik
Record the time taken for the magnesium tape to completely dissolve in the
hydrochloric acid

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 Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura

12. ulang Langkah 4 sehingga Langkah 11 dengan memanaskan asid Soalan yang mungkin/ Possible questions
hidroklorik pada suhu 40 C dan 45C.
Repeat Step 4 to Step 11 by heating hydrochloric acid at a temperature of 40 1. Penjadualan Data – mungkin disediakan/ mungkin perlu buat jadual
C and 45C. Table of Data – was prepared/ may be need to make a table

Set Suhu/C Masa/s 1/masa/ s-1

temperature/ C masa/ s 1/time/ s-1
I 35
II 40
II 45

Kalau perlu membina jadual data, pastikan semua kotaknya bergaris

If you need to build a data table, make sure all the boxes are lined

Tajuk/ title
1.
2.
3.
Sepatutnya/ supposed:

Tajuk/ title
1.
2.
3.

2. Kirakan 1/masa daripada jadual data

Calculate 1/time from the data table

3. Pengiraan – kadar tindak balas keseluruhan

Calculation – overall reaction rate

(c) Hitungkan kepekatan asid hidroklorik dalam Set II dan Set III.
Calculate the concentration of hydrochloric acid in Set II and Set III.

Set II: Set III:

Bahan : Jisim Mg / masa diambil Hasil : Isi padu H2 / masa diambil

Reactant : mass Mg/ Time taken product : volume of H2 Time taken

4. Buatkan graf/ plot the graph

(d) Berdasarkan Jadual 1, plot graf kepekatan asid sulfurik melawan masa
pada kertas graf yang disediakan
based on Table 1, plot a graph of concentration of sulphuric acid against time
on the graph paper provided

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 Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura

2 bentuk graf – bahan/ 2 graphs- reactant 5. Pemerhatian/ Observation

Bahan/ Reactant (e) Nyatakan pemerhatian.

State the observation.

1. Pepejal kelabu Pita magnesium larut sepenuhnya//

Grey metal of Magnesium ribbon dissolves completely//

2. Pembuakan gas berlaku //Gelembung gas tak berwarna terbebas

Effervescence occur//Colourless gas bubbles is released
.....................................................................................................................

SEDIAKAN KERTAS GRAF/ PREPARE GRAPH PAPER

6. Inferens/ Inferens
Buat graf yang besar, Ikut format SPM 2022
Make a big graph, Follow the SPM 2022 format (f) Nyatakan inferens berdasarkan pemerhatian anda di (e).
State inference based on observation in (e).

Graf 1/ masa // 1 /time 1. Pita Mg bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik

The Mg ribbon reacts with hydrochloric acid

2. Gas hydrogen terhasil/

Hydrogen gas is produced
.....................................................................................................................

7. Pemboleh ubah – kena tgk apa yang diberikan

Variables – see what is given

(b) Bagi eksperimen ini, nyatakan:

For this experiment, state :

pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikan : ……………………………………………..

manipulated variable

Suhu asid hidroklorik

Tak potong paksi kerana tidak melalui asalan Temperature of hydrokloric acid
Dont cross the axis because it does not pass through the origin
pemboleh ubah bergerak balas : ……………………………………………..
responding variable

masa yang diambil utk Pita Mg larut sepenuhnya

the time taken for Mg ribbon completely dissolve

pemboleh ubah dimalarkan : ……………………………………………..

fixed variable
Asid Hidroklorik/ Isi padu dan kemolaran HCl //Mg/ Panjang Mg
Hydrochloric Acid/ Volume and molarity of HCl //Mg/ Length of Mg

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 Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura

7. Hipotesis/ Hypothesis 9. Definisi secara operasi/ Operational definition

(g) Nyatakan satu hipotesis untuk eksperimen ini. (h) Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi kadar tindak balas dalam
State one hypothesis for this experiment. eksperimen ini.
State the operational definition of the rate of reaction in this experiment.
Mesti MV kepada RV/ Must MV to RV
1. Apa yang dilakukan/ What should be done
Semakin tinggi suhu Asid Hidroklorik bertindak balas dengan pita Mg, 2. Apa yang diperhatikan/What should be observed
semakin tinggi kadar tindak balas
The higher the temperature of Hydrochloric Acid reacts with Mg ribbon,
the higher the reaction rate Masa yang diambil untuk 2 cm magnesium larut sepenuhnya dalam asid
..................................................................................................................... sulfurik pada suhu 45 C
The time taken for the 2 cm magnesium to dissolve completely in the sulphuric
acid at 45 C
8. Berdasarkan eksperimen ini, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara set I .....................................................................................................................
dengan Set II. Terangkan jawapan anda
Based on this experiment, compare the reaction rate between Set I and Set II.
Explain your answer 10. Ramalkan masa yang diambil/ predict the time taken

[Gunakan teori perlanggaran/ Use collision theory] Jika bikar besar digunakan Jika suhu lebih tinggi
If a large beaker is used If the temperature is higher
Kadar tindak balas set III lebih tinggi berbanding dengan set I masa yang lebih lama masa yang lebih singkat
The rate of reaction of set III is higher than set I longer time taken shorter time taken

Suhu Set III lebih tinggi berbanding dengan set II

The temperature set III is higher than set II
11. Berdasarkan graf yang telah diplot, tentukan masa untuk magnesium
tenaga kinetik zarah bahan semakin bertambah larut jika kepekatan asid sulfurik yang digunakan ialah 1.0 mol dm-3.
the kinetic energy of reactant increases Based on the plotted graph, determine the time taken for magnesium to
dissolve if the concentration of sulphuric acid used is 1.0 mol dm-3.
lebih banyak zarah bertenaga mengatasi tenaga pengaktifan
more particles have energy to overcome activation energy

Frekuensi perlangaran berkesan antara atom Mg dan ion H+ bertambah

The frequency of effective collision between Mg atoms and H+ ions increases
.....................................................................................................................

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54 s ± 2 //46 s ± 2 [ ikut eksperimen]
.....................................................................................................................
12. Jika menggunakan asid yang berbeza kekuatannya
If using acid of different strength
Asid sulfurik/ Sulfuruik acid
Masa yang diambil lebih pendek
kerana menggunakan asid diprotik
yang mempunyai 2 kali ganda
kepekatan ion H+.
The time taken is shorter
because it uses diprotic acid which
has twice the concentration of H+
ions
4 jenis asid yang perlu diketahui/ 4 types of acid that need to be known
HCl
HNO3
H2SO4
CH3COOH
15
Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura Amali KIMIA SPM 2023 – Cg Adura
13. Boleh juga teka berapa suhu untuk masa yang diberikan
Berdasarkan graf yang dibuat
Predict the temperature is time is given
Based on the graph made
14. Hubungan masa/ Time relation
(i) Berdasarkan eksperimen, nyatakan hubungan antara saiz magnesium
dengan masa.
Based on the experiment, state the relationship between the size of
magnesium and time.
Semakin Panjang pita Mg digunakan bertindak balas dengan HCl
Semakin Panjang masa yang diambil
[boleh terbalik]
The longer the Mg ribbon used reacts with HCl
The longer time taken
[vice verse]
.....................................................................................................................
(j) Nyatakan hubungan antara kepekatan asid dan kadar tindak balas.
State the relationship between concentration of the acid and the rate of
reaction.
Semakin tinggi kepekatan HCl digunakan bertindak balas dengan Mg
Semakin pendek masa yang diambil
The high the concentration of HCl used to react with Mg
The shorter time taken
.....................................................................................................................
Asid etanoik/ ethanoic acid
Masa yang diambil lebih panjang 15. Kenapa pita Mg perlu dimasukkan ke dalam plastic berzip.
kerana menggunakan asid lemah Why does Mg ribbon need to be put in zipped plastic?
The time taken is shorter
because it uses weak acid Untuk mengelakkan Mg teroksida
To avoid oxidation of Mg
.....................................................................................................................
Kuat / strong Mono
Kuat/ strong Mono
Kuat/ strong Di
Lemah/ weak Mono
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