BAB V
PERENCANAAN DIMENSI SALURAN IRIGASI
V = k. R2/3. I1/2
Q = V. A
A = b. h + m. h2
P = b +2h √𝑚 + 1
R =
Keterangan :
Q = Debit Rencana (m3/dt) V = Kecepatan Aliran (m/dt)
A = Luas Basah (m2) m = Kemiringan Talud
h = Kedalaman Air (m) b = Lebar Saluran (m)
k = Koefesien Strikler R = Jari-Jari Hidrolis (m)
I = Kemiringan Saluran (m) P = Keliling Basah (m)
n =
1 =
b =h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 1,6
2
2h = 1,6
h = 0,9 m
b =h
b = 0,9 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (0,9 + 0,9) . 0,9
= 1,6 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,35 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 0,9 + 2 . 0,9 √1 + 1
= 3,4 m
R =
,
=
,
= 0,5 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,35 = 43 . (0,5) 2/3 . I1/2
0,35 = 27,1 . I1/2
I = 0,00017
n =
1 =
b =h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 0,87
2
2h = 0,87
h = 0,66 m
b =h
b = 0,66 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (0,66 + 0,66) . 0,66
= 0,87 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,35 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 0,66 + 2 . 0,66 √1 + 1
= 2,53 m
R =
,
=
,
= 0,34 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,35 = 43 . (0,34) 2/3 . I1/2
0,35 = 20,95 . I1/2
I = 0,00028
n =
1 =
b =h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 0,37
2 h2 = 0,37
H = 0,43 m
b =h
b = 0,43 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (0,43 + 0,43) . 0,43
= 0,37 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,35 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 0,43 + 2 . 0,43 √1 + 1
= 1,65m
R =
,
=
,
= 0,22 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,35 = 43 . (0,22) 2/3 . I1/2
0,35 = 15,67 . I1/2
I = 0,00049
n =
1 =
b =h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 0,26
2 h2 = 0,26
H = 0,36 m
b =h
b = 0,36 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (0,36 + 0,36) . 0,36
= 0,26 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,35 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 0,36 + 2 . 0,36 √1 + 1
= 1,38 m
R =
,
=
,
= 0,19 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,35 = 43 . (0,19) 2/3 . I1/2
0,35 = 14,21 . I1/2
I = 0,00061
n =
1 =
b = 1,5 h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 0,3
2
2h = 0,3
H = 0,387 m
b =h
b = 0,387 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (0,387 + 0,387) . 0,387
= 0,3 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,3 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 0,387 + 2 . 0,387 √1 + 1
= 2,16 m
R =
,
=
,
= 0,139 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 42,50 . (0,139) 2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 11,4 . I1/2
I = 0,00069
n =
1 =
b =1h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 0,2
2 h2 = 0,2
H = 0,316 m
b =h
b = 0,316 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (0,316 + 0,316) . 0,316
= 0,2 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,3 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 0,316 + 2 . 0,316 √1 + 1
= 1,948 m
R =
,
=
,
= 0,103 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 42,50 . (0,103) 2/3 . I1/2
0,30 =9,34. I1/2
I = 0,00103
n =
1 =
b =1h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 0,33
2 h2 = 0,33
h = 0,406 m
b =h
b = 0,406 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (0,406 + 0,406) . 0,406
= 0,33 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,3 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 0,406 + 2 . 0,406 √1 + 1
= 2,218 m
R =
,
=
,
= 0,149 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 42,50 . (0,149) 2/3 . I1/2
0,30 =11,94. I1/2
I = 0,00063
Perhitungan :
n =
1 =
b =1h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 0,293
2
2h = 0,293
H = 0,383 m
b =h
b = 0,383 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (0,383 + 0,383) . 0,383
= 0,293 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,3 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 0,383 + 2 . 0,383 √1 + 1
= 2,149 m
R =
,
=
,
= 0,136 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 42,50 . (0,136) 2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 11,24. I1/2
I = 0,000712
n =
1 =
b =h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 0,29
2
2h = 0,29
h = 0,381 m
b =h
b = 0,381 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (0,381 + 0,381) . 0,381
= 0,290 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,3 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 0,381 + 2 . 0,381 √1 + 1
= 2,143 m
R =
,
=
,
= 0,135 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 42,50 . (0,135) 2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 11,18 . I1/2
I = 0,00072
n =
1 =
b =h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 0,34
2 h2 = 0,34
h = 0,412 m
b =h
b = 0,412 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (0,412 + 0,412) . 0,412
= 0,339 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,301 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 0,412 + 2 . 0,412 √1 + 1
= 2,236 m
R =
,
=
,
= 0,152 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 42,50 . (0,152) 2/3 . I1/2
n =
1 =
b =h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 0,263
2 h2 = 0,263
h = 0,363 m
b =h
b = 0,363 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (0,363 + 0,363) . 0,363
= 0,264 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,299 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 0,363 + 2 . 0,363 √1 + 1
= 2,089 m
R =
,
=
,
= 0,126 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 42,50 . (0,126) 2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 10,68 . I1/2
I = 0,00079
n =
1 =
b =h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 0,13
2 h2 = 0,13
h = 0,25 m
b =h
b = 0,25 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (0,25 + 0,25) . 0,25
= 0,125 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,3 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 0,25 + 2 . 0,25 √1 + 1
= 0,96 m
R =
,
=
,
= 0,13 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 42,50 . (0,13) 2/3 . I1/2
0,30 = 10,906. I1/2
I = 0,00076
n =
1 =
b =h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 15,5
2 h2 = 15,5
h = 2,8 m
b =h
b = 2,8 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (2,8 + 2,8) . 2,8
= 15,68 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,5 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 2,8 + 2 . 2,8 √1 + 1
= 10,72 m
R =
,
=
,
= 1,5 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,50 = 43 . (1,5) 2/3 . I1/2
0,50 = 56,35. I1/2
I = 0,000078
n =
1 =
b =h
A =
,
(b + m.h) . h =
,
(h + h) . h = 14,18
2 h2 = 14,18
h = 2,7 m
b =h
b = 2,7 m
A = (b + m.h) h
= (2,7 + 2,7) . 2,7
= 14,58 m2
V =
,
=
,
= 0,5 m/dt
P = b + 2 h √1 + 𝑚
= 2,7 + 2 . 2,7 √1 + 1
= 10,34 m
R =
,
=
,
= 1,4 m
V = k . R2/3 . I1/2
0,5 = 43 . (1,4) 2/3 . I1/2
0,5 = 53,8 . I1/2
I = 0,000086
h = 0,66 m
b = 0,66 m
A = 0,87 m2
P = 2,53 m
R = 0,34 m
I = 0,00028
h = 0,406 m
b = 0,406 m
A = 0,33 m2
P = 2,218 m
R = 0,149 m
I = 0,00063
h = 0,25 m
b = 0,25 m
A = 0,125 m2
P = 0,96 m
R = 0,13 m
I = 0,00076
𝑅= 𝑄 =𝑣×𝐴
Dimana:
𝑣 = kecepatan aliran (m/det)
𝑄 = debit (m3/det)
R = jari-jari hidrolis
𝐴 = luas penampang basah (m2)
𝑃 = keliling basah (m)
𝑆 = kemiringan sungai rata-rata
𝑛 = koefisien kekasaran bahan
Diambil n = 0,035 (untuk saluran tidak beraturan)
Kemiringan dasar sungai rata-rata ditinjau sejauh 2 km dari lokasi
bendung.
- Elevasi hulu : 669 m
- Elevasi hilir : 165 m
= 0.0025
Maka :
Direncanakan lebar sungai, b = 25 m dan m = 1.
Untuk penampang sungai trapezium :
Bn
𝐴 = (𝑏 + 𝑚ℎ)ℎ = (25 + ℎ)ℎ
𝑃 = 𝑏 + 2ℎ 1 + 𝑚 = 25 + 2ℎ√2 h
1
𝐴 m
𝑅= b
𝑃
Bn = 25
𝐵𝑒 = 𝐵𝑛 − 3(𝑛𝐾𝑝 + 𝐾𝑎 )𝐻1
= 25 – 3( 2 * 0,01 + 0,2) H1
Be = 25 – 0,66H1
2 2 ,
𝑄 = 𝐶𝑑 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝐵𝑒 𝑥 𝐻
3 3
Dimana :
Q = Debit (m3/det)
Cd = Koefisien debit ( Cd = C0 x C1 x C2 )
g = Gravitasi (m/det2)
Be = Lebar efektif mercu (m)
H1 = Tinggi Energi (m)
Be = 25 – 0,66 * 4.2174
Be = 22.21651 m
Cd = C0 x C1 x C2
C d = 1,48 x 0.95 x 0.995
= 1,4
2 2 ,
𝑄 = 𝐶𝑑 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝐵𝑒 𝑥 𝐻
3 3
2 2 ,
= 1,4 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 9,8 𝑥 22.21651 𝑥 4.2174
3 3
= 459.01673 m3/det
𝑉1
ℎ1 = 𝐻1 −
2𝑔
6.9656
ℎ1 = 4.3 −
2 ∗ 9,8
ℎ1 = 1.8245 𝑚
Q = v. A
/ /
V = 𝐾. 𝑅 .𝑆
R =
Dari cara coba-coba diperoleh tinggi muka air di hilir bendung (h2)
h2 = 2.129 m ≈ 2.2m
Elevasi dasar sungai = + 330 M
Elevasi muka air di hilir bendung = + 330 + 2.2 = +332.2 M
di hilir)
z = 6.6 m
q =
.
q =
.
q = 20.661 m3/d/m
hc = kedalaman kritis =
.
hc =
,
hc = 3.52 m
.
= .
= 1,875
,
= = 1,4116
.
Untuk < ≤ 10
a = 0,20 H1
.
a = 0,20 * 4.3
,
= 0,7238 m ≈ 1,0 m
Teori Lane
ΔH =
L =𝐿 + 𝐿 > C . ΔH