AUTO CAD

Fakultas Teknik – Prodi Teknik Sipil

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SUMATERA
UTARA
 TUJUAN
MATA KULIAH INI MEMBERIKAN GAMBARAN BAGAIMANA
MEMBUAT GAMBAR PERENCANAAN DAN PELAKSANAAN
UNTUK MENGETAHUI BAGAIMANA METODE DALAM
PENGGAMBARAN
UNTUK MENGANALISA GAMBAR
 SASARAN
MAHASISWA MENGERTI AKAN PEMBUATAN GAMBAR
PERENCANAAN MAUPUN PELAKSANAAN
MAHASISWA MENGERTI DAN MEMAHAMI MEMBACA
GAMBAR AUTO CAD
MAHASISWA MENGERTI AKAN METODE DALAM MENG
GAMBAR DENGAN AUTOCAD
MAHASISWA MENGERTI DALAM MENGANALISA SUATU
GAMBAR PERENCANAAN DAN PELAKSANAAN
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA
• Soewardji Tandio Soegono, ILMU BAHAN BANGUNAN
Penerbit Tiga Solo
• Goodban & Hayslett, GAMBAR DAN PERENCANAAN
ARSITEKTUR
• Panduan gambar Dinas Pekerjaan Umum
 DASAR PENILAIAN

TUGAS --------------------------------50 %
UJIAN----------------------------------25 %
• PRAKTIKUM--------------------------25 %

• TOTAL --------------------------------100 %
 MATERI AUTOCAD

1. INTRODUCTION
2. PENGENALAN GAMBAR
3. GAMBAR
4. EDITING
5. PLOTING
6. REVIEWING
 Pengenalan Program
Auto Computer Aided Design

1. APA ITU AUTO CAD...............................................................................

2. UNTUK APA PROGRAM AUTO CAD.....................................................
3. UNTUK SIAPA PROGRAM AUTO CAD.................................................
4. BAGAIMANA CARA KERJA PROGRAM AUTO CAD ..........................
5. PENDUKUNG PROGRAM AUTO CAD..................................................

Pengenalan System CAD

1. SYSTEM PADA AUTO CAD

2. PEMAHAMAN POLA SYSTEM AUTO CAD
3. PENGENALAN PERINTAH – PERINTAH DASAR PADA
AUTO CAD
 POLA PIKIR KERJA
AUTO COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

INPUT DATA

KONSEP

HARDWARE

OUTPUT
 KONSEP PEMAHAMAN
DALAM MENGGAMBAR AUTOCAD

TEKNIK
GAMBAR
Output
• Gambar Perencanaan

TEKNIK
BAHAN
BANGUNAN Output
Teknik & Metode
• Gambar Pelaksaan

TEKNIK
PELAKSANA
Output
AN • Pencetakaan gambar
AutoCAD
AutoCAD merupakan salah satu produk Computer Aided
Design (CAD) yang paling banyak digunakan.
CAD adalah alat bantu merancang menggunakan
komputer dengan tujuan untuk menghasilkan output
rancangan yang memiliki tingkat akurasi tinggi dan
dirancang dalam waktu singkat.
AutoCAD
Keunggulan CAD dibandingkan penggambaran secara
manual adalah :
 Meningkatkan waktu rancang produk yang sangat signifikan.
 Hasil output yang presisi dengan tingkat akurasi yang sangat
tinggi.
 Mudah dilakukan perbaikan apabila ditemukan kesalahan karena
data gambar masih disimpan di dalam komputer.
 Karakteristik para dafter dapat ditekan seminim mungkin.
 Dapat menggunakan data gambar terdahulu yang memiliki
karakteristik yang hampir sama.
 Mampu mengerjakan suatu rancangan secara bersama-sama
walaupun terpisah jarak secara fisik.
Memulai AutoCAD
Elemen-elemen AutoCAD
Control menu icon Title bar
Sizing button
Menu bar

Tollbar Snap Drawing area

UCS icon
Scroll bar
Status bar Command line
Cara Menggunakan AutoCAD
Menggunakan perintah ketik
Menggunakan toolbar
Menggunakan menu bar
Menggunakan Pengetikan Perintah
Menggunakan Toolbar
Menggunakan Menu Bar
Fungsi Tombol Mouse dalam AutoCAD
Fungsi Keterangan
Klik (click) Menekan tombol mouse satu kali
Klik ganda Menekan tombol mouse dua kali
(double click) berurutan secara cepat tanpa
menggeser mouse
Geser (drag) Tekan tombol kiri mouse, tahan,
kemudian geser ke posisi yang
diinginkan, apabila selesai
lepaskan
Memulai Gambar Baru
Menu bar : File  New

Pilih : Start from Stretch

Pilih : Metric

Menu Bar : Tools  Options 

User Preferences  Design
Center
Menu Bar : Format  Units 
Drag and Drop Scale
Membuka File

Menu bar : File  Open

Pilih salah satu file  Klik open
Menyimpan File Gambar

Menu bar : File  Save

Pilih folder tempat penyimpanan file
Ketik judul file  Klik save
Menutup File

Menu bar : File  Exit

Jika ada tawaran untuk menyimpan perubahan  Pilih
YES
TAMPILAN AUTO CAD
PERINTAH AWAL
PERINTAH PENGGAMBARAN
PERINTAH PENGGAMBARAN
PERINTAH PENGGAMBARAN
PERINTAH UTILITY
Automatic Computer Aided Design

 pengenalan sistem
penggambaran Auto CAD
 • pendahuluan

 unit satuan penggambaran

skala metric
setting unit aotu cad
Drawing unit edit
sistem penggambaran auto cad
 sistem sumbu
pola sumbu cartesian, yaitu sumbu x dan y

+Y

P (X,Y)

-X +X

model 2 dimensi
-Y
sistem penggambaran auto cad
 sistem sumbu
pola sumbu cartesian, dengan sumbu x , y dan Z

+Z P ( X,Y,Z )

-X +Y

-Y +X

model 3 dimensi
-Z
sistem penggambaran auto cad
 sistem polar (sudut)
pola sistem sudut derajat ------------------ satuan decimal
format umum “@ jarak<sudut”
0
90

1350 45 0
+ positip
0 0
180 0

- negatif
2250 3150

0
270
 pada layar screen auto cad

 world cordinate system (WCS)

 pada layar screen auto cad

 user cordinate system (UCS)

MEMULAI MENGGAMBAR
AUTO CAD
 Starting AutoCAD
 Double click on AutoCAD icon
 AutoCAD environment
 Drop-down menus
 Standard toolbar
 Specific toolbars
 The graphic area
 View tabs
 The command area
 The status area
 Command Entry
 Command area
 Menus
 Icons
File Operations
File Operations
New
Save
Open
Tools / Display Image…

40
Setting Up Drawing Environment
 Drawing units: Indicate metric unit in pop up window at start up
 Format / Units…
- Decimal units
- Precision: 0.00
 Limits
 Format / Drawing Limits
In command area,
Lower left corner: 0,0
Upper right corner: 200,200 (example: 20x20 cm)
 Viewing
 View / Zoom… or select icons (zoom all) or (zoom window)
 View / Toolbar… : select frequent operations
 View / Regenerate/ Redraw: to clear the clicked points

41
 Basic Operations (1)
Coordinate systems
 Absolute coordinates:
 Cartesian (X,Y) or
 Polar (R<Ao)

 Relative coordinates:
 Cartesian (@X,Y) or
 Polar (@R<Ao)

 User defined coordinate system: USC command - 3points

option
Basic Operations (2)
2D drawing:
 lines:

 Select icon or type line

 click the starting point and ending point on the graphic area or
 type coordinates of these points

 Arcs:
 Select icon or type arc
 select points or key in coordinates of the points according to
requirements

 Other commands: polyline (command= pl) , rectangle, circle, etc.

43
 Basic Operations
 Snap modes( select endpoints, intersection)
 Select icons or click right hand side to obtain a float menu
 select suitable option
 Or go to Tools / Object Snap Settings…

Common modifying operations

 Erase: type e then select object to erase
 Rotate: type rotate or select menu Modify / Rotate
 Others: offset, array,

2D object modifications: Select modify – select trim, break, extend,

etc.
I
N 1. Setting up the drawing. (Drawing Limits, Units,
T
Grid)
R
O 2. Introducing Tool bars
D
3. Where to go for help and how to get it
U
C 4. Intro to layers and layer control
T 5. Setting up line weights
I
O 6. Introduction to drawing using tool bars and
N commands

A
D
7. Drawing using OSNAP, POLAR, ORTHO, OTRACK
V
A
buttons
N 8. Introduction to layouts & Setting up viewports
C
9. Plotting
E
D
1. Setting up the drawing
There are two main ways to tell the program what to do. One way is to find a certain command on the tool bar
or under one of the options on top of your window (File, Edit, View, Insert, Format, Tools……). The second way
is by typing up the command in the Command Line. The directions below will provide the information on both
ways.

1.Drawing Units
Drawing Units set up the current format for units of measure. In order to set up the drawing units, Go:
Format menu: Units
You will now have a choice between Architectural, Decimal, Engineering, Fractional, and Scientific Units.
The Engineering and Architectural formats produce feet-and-inches displays and assume that each drawing
unit represents one inch.
You can also type in “UNITS” in the command line and the same window should appear.
Precision
Sets the number of decimal places or fractional size displayed for linear measurements.
2. Drawing Limits
In order to set up drawing limits, Go:
Format menu: Drawing limits.
You can also type “limits’ in the command line.
You will then have to type in 4 limits in (x, y) coordinates form.
3. Grid
In order to create a grid, either type in “Grid” followed by typing in spacing in your grid. Or you can click on
‘SNAP’ on the bottom of the window and set up the grid there.
2. Introducing Tool Bars
You can see there is a number of different tool bars on the screen.
The main tool bar which is located under the Menu bar. These are the most frequently used tool
bars. If you place your mouse on it and right click, you will get a list of other tool bars that you may
want to display (by scrolling down and clicking on them).

This tool bar offers This tool bar offers

different shapes different ways of
and objects to editing your drawing(s).
draw. You can *Remember the name of the command that
see what they do pops up in the help balloon by putting your
mouse over each button.
by putting your
If you remember the command, you can later
mouse on each one
type it in the command line and achieve the
and waiting until same result.
a balloon with
description pops up.
3. Where To Get Help

If you have any questions, you can always refer to ‘AutoCAD Help”. You can get there by typing
in “Help” in the command line or hitting F1. After the AutoCAD window opens up, select
“Search” tab. Then you can type in a topic you would like to search for.
4. Layers and Layer Control

(from AutoCAD Help): You can reduce the visual complexity of a drawing and improve display
performance by controlling the number of objects that are displayed or concealed. For
example, you can use layers to control the visibility of similar objects, such as electrical parts
or dimensions. Also, you can lock a layer to prevent objects on that layer from being
accidentally selected and modified.

Click here in order to create and modify layers.

5. Setting Up Line Weights
There are two ways to change Line Weights. One way is assign a line weight to a layer.
Every line and object on that layer will then have the same line weight. The second way to
change line weight is by manually changing it one line at a time.

1) a. In order to assign line weight to a layer, click on ‘Layer Properties Manager’ button.

b. Click here to change the line weight.

c. A box will pop up where
you can assign line weights.

2) In order to change line weights one line at a time. Highlight the line on the screen and change
line weight by clicking on ‘Line Weight Control’ button and scrolling down to pick the
thickness.
6. Introduction to drawing using tool bars and
commands.

 Remember there are a number of ways to draw in AutoCAD. One way is by opening up
appropriate tool bars drawing using them. Another way is by typing in an appropriate
command in the Command Line. You can also draw by looking up commands under the main
menu on top of the screen. (Draw, Dimension, Modify….)
 There are many drawing tools under ‘Draw’ on the main menu and lots of modifying tools
under ‘Modify.’
 Remember to use ‘Help’ in order to find other commands you are not familiar with.
7. Drawing using OSNAP, POLAR, ORTHO, OTRACK
buttons.

 On the bottom of the screen there are a number of buttons ‘SNAP, GRID, ORTHO, POLAR,
OSNAP,OTRACK, LWT, MODEL’ By right clicking on each button, you are able to change the
settings for each mode. By left-clicking on each button, you are able to turn each mode on
and off.
SNAP- snaps onto grid points.
GRID- turns on/off grid.
ORTHO- (from AutoCad Help) In Ortho mode, cursor movement is constrained to the horizontal or
vertical directions (relative to the UCS) and with the current grid rotation angle. AutoCAD
ignores Ortho mode in perspective views.
OSNAP- snaps onto parts of the object. You can change what your cursor snaps onto, ex:
endpoints, crossings, corners……
OTRACK- (from AutoCad Help) Use object snap tracking to track along alignment paths that are
based on object snap points.
LWT- displays the actual thickness of each line.
MODEL- switches back and forth between layout space and model space.
 8. Introduction to Layouts
& Setting up Viewports
1).Layouts are used to create drawing sheets
on which your drawings are plotted. In order
to create a layout, click on the layout tab
(shown with an arrow above). Under ‘Page
Setup’ (located under File), you can pick the
plotter, paper size, scale…. Once your layout is
set up, you can create viewports in order to
show your drawing on the layout. In order to
create a viewport: 1) Viewports under View
(on the main menu) 2) pick how many
viewports you would like to create.
2). Once you have all the viewports in
your layout, you may scale them by:
1. highlighting the box around each
viewport 2. right-clicking on the viewport
and selecting ‘properties’ 3. Under
properties click on ‘Standard Scale’.
Now, you are able to scroll down and pick
a scale for you viewport.
9. Plotting

 After you set up your layout and are ready to print it, you may go to File and click on ‘Plot.’ If
you have already picked your ‘Plot Device’ and ‘Plot Settings’ earlier under ‘Page Setup’, then
you’re probably ready to plot. If not, you should pick your ‘Plot Device’ (printer) first (since
that will change your paper options), and then set up your ‘Plot Settings.’
 Notice that you can print to different scales. Most of the time you will probably be printing
1:1 scale, but you may print to other scales also.
 If you drew your drawings in ‘units’ than you have an option letting the program know what 1
unit equals (in terms of inches).
 You may also plot the whole layout, or just a window. If you would like to print part of the
layout, click on the ‘window’ button and highlight everything you would like plot. Then hit
‘full preview’ before plotting your drawing.