OXYGENATION (ECMO)
Dede Apreli (I4061202003)
Stase Jantung RS. Kartika Husada
Pendahuluan
Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) merupakan suatu tindakan medis yang dilakukan untuk mempertahankan
oksigenasi dan eliminasi dari karbon dioksida yang adekuat untuk mengembalikan fungsi pernapasan yang sudah
terganggu. ECLS terdiri dari beberapa jenis, yaitu Extracorporeal lung assist (ECLA), Extracorporeal membrane
oxygenation (ECMO), Extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal (ECOO2R), and Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary
resuscitation (ECPR). ECMO merupakan ECLS yang penggunaannya menjadi populer saat terjadi wabah virus
H1N1 (flu babi) yang terjadi pada tahun 2009-2010.
ECMO dikembangkan sebagai pengobatan untuk gagal napas fulminan pada orang dewasa pada awal 1970-an
dengan cara mengeluarkan darah vena dari tubuh, menambahkan oksigen, menghilangkan karbon dioksida, dan
mengembalikannya ke dalam tubuh pasien. Kemudian, pada awal 1980-an, mode veno-arteri ini diubah menjadi
veno-vena, tetapi hanya beberapa pusast yang bertahan dengean teknologi ini karena perdarahan dan hasil yang
buruk sering terjadi.
Terminologi
• Oksigenasi membrane ekstrakorporeal (ECMO) merupakan bantuan system
kardiopulmonal yang dapat mempertahankan kondisi fisiologis saat terjadi kegagalan
sirkulasi dan respirasi yang berisfat reversible.
• Bantuan hidup ekstrakorporeal (ECLS) dikembangkan oleh John Gibbom pada tahun
1950-an sebagai oksigenasi darah melalui oksigenator membrane selama operasi dalam
jangka panjang dengan bypass kardiopulmoner.
• ECMO sendiri sukses digunakan pada tahun 1970-an pada pasien dewasa dengean
sindrom kebocoran kapiler.
• Selama 30 tahun terakhir ECMO talh digunakan pada Sebagian besar neonates dan
pasien anak-anak, hanya sejumlah kecil penggunaan ECMO pada pasien dewasa.
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