19
dr. Aan Dwi Prasetio
S.S. Msigwa et al. The neurological insights of the emerging coronaviruses / Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 78 (2020) 1–7
Initial Physiological
Immune Response
• Direct Invasion
• Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE 2)
• Hypoxic Injury
• Coagulopathy
• Inflammatory Response
• Immune Dysfunction
Yu et al ,Frontiers in Neurology. Complication and phatophysology of covid 19 in nervus system | www.frontiersin.org 1 Desember 2020 | Volume 11 | Pasal
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• Figure 1. A 63-year-old female
patient with coronavirus disease
2019 associated encephalopathy is
shown. Noncontrast computed
tomography scan of the head
showed (A) hypodensities in
bilateral globus pallidus pars interna
(arrows) and (B) focal
intraparenchymal hematoma at
occipital pole (arrow). Magnetic
resonance fluid-attenuated inversion
recovery (C) and gradient echo (D)
showed changes at bilateral globus
pallidus (arrows) and occipital pole.
Diffusion-weighted imaging showing
restriction at bilateral globus pallidus
(arrows) (E) and at focal points in the
centrum semiovale (arrows) (F).
Tyler Scullen, Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-
19)Associated Encephalopathies and
Cerebrovascular Disease: The New Orleans
Experience.WORLD NEUROSURGERY May 2020,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.192
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy
Yu et al ,Frontiers in Neurology. Complication and phatophysology of covid 19 in nervus system | www.frontiersin.org 1 Desember 2020 | Volume 11 | Pasal
573421
Spinal Cord Injury
Yu et al ,Frontiers in Neurology. Complication and phatophysology of covid 19 in nervus system | www.frontiersin.org 1 Desember 2020 | Volume 11 | Pasal
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LAPORAN KASUS
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Identitas Pasien
• Nama : Ny. FA
• Usia : 58 tahun
• Jenis Kelamin : perempuan
• Alamat : Demak, Surabaya
• Status : Menikah
• Pendidikan terakhir : SMA
• Pekerjaan : Ibu Rumah Tangga
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Anamnesis
Keluhan utama: pasien tidak sadar
• Pasien sempat tidak sadar 1 hari SMRS, pasien mulai
mengalami penurunan kesadaran perlahan lahan setelah
aktivitas. Sebelumnya mengeluh nyeri kepala, dan badan
terasa demam dan lemas sejak 1 minggu.
• Tidak ada batuk lama sebelumnya, mual, tidak muntah,
tidak ada penurunan BB drastis sejak 1 bulan terakhir,
BAB dan BAK dbn.
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• Tidak ada kejang, tidak ada kelemahan satu sisi, demam +,
nafsu makan menurun, trauma sebelumnya disangkal, tidak
ada kesemutan.
Riwayat Penyakit Dahulu
• Bulan november 2020 pasien juga terdiagnosis Covid 19 dan dirawat di
RIK 5A
• Hipertensi (-), Stroke (-), DM (-) , HIV (-), TBC (-)
32
TIMELINE
4 Februari 2020
• Pasien tidak sadar
• Pasien bicara tidak nyambung
November 2020 pasien dirujuk ke RSUD dr.
• Pasien Batuk, Sesak, demam. Soetomo
Terdiagnosis Covid 19
• MRS di RIK 5A selama 3 minggu
25 Januari 2020
• Nyeri kepala terutama di bagian
tengkuk, demam dan badan
lemas
33
Pemeriksaan Fisik
Tanda Vital
TD : 128/68 mmHg
RR : 22x/mnt
Nadi : 85x/mnt, regular
Suhu : 36,8 C
Spo2 : 99 % nasal canul 3 lpm
Head/neck : anemis-, ikhterus -, cyanosis-, dypsnue -
Thorax : simetris dbn
Abdomen : soefel, tidak nyeri, dbn
Extremitas : edema -/-
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Pemeriksaan Neurologis
GCS: 215 356
Meningeal sign : neck rigidity (+), brudz I-IV (-), kernig (-)
Nervus Cranialis :
N II, III : PBI 3 mm/3 mm, RC +/+, VODS > 2/60,
N III, IV, VI : Gerak Bola Mata: sde
N V : Reflex kornea +/+
N VII : Facial palsy negatif
N VIII : Nistagmus -,
N IX/X : Gag reflex +/+,
N XII : Lingual palsy sde
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Pemeriksaan Neurologis
Motorik : kesan lateralisasi dextra
Sensorik : dbn
Reflek Fisiologis : BPR +3/+2 KPR +2/+2
TPR +2/+2 APR +2/+2
Reflek Patologis : Babinski +/- Varians -/ -
Chaddock - / - HT -/-
Cerebelum : sde
CV/ANS : terpasang kateter
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Laboratorium
Hb : 13,1 Alb : 3,65
WBC : 15310 Na : 136
Plt : 252.000 K : 2,8
Neut : 84,1 %
Cl : 95
Limf: 6,7 %
Ph :7,53
BUN : 15
SK : 0,9 Pco2 : 26
SGOT : 65 Po2 :82
SGPT : 26 Hco3 :21,7
PPT : 15,2 BE :-1
APPT : 30,2 TCO2 :22,5
HbsAg : non reaktif So2 :97
igG covid 19 : non reaktif Aado2 :35
igM covid 19 : Reaktif
PF ratio :390
Swab PCR : Negatif
GDA : 138
Scoring covid : 8
37
3 metode HIV : non reaktif CRP : 1,1
Diagnosis
Klinis : Penurunan Kesadaran akut
Demam
Kaku kuduk
Lateralisasi D
Topis : Meningen
38
Foto Thorax AP 7/2/2021
39
CT Scan Kepala dengan Kontras (11/2/2021)
40
CT Scan Kepala + Kontras
(7/2/2021)
• Kesan :
• meningoensefalitis di parieto-
occipital kanan kiri
• Subacute cerebral infraction di
corona radiata kanan kiri
• Brain atrophy
41
Planning
• Planning dx :
• Lumbal Pungsi, cek SE post koreksi
• Planning Tx :
• Bedrest head trunk up 30
• 02 nasal canul 3 lpm
• Inf. KN2 1500 cc/24 jam
• Inf. Metamizole 3x 1 gr iv
• Inj. Omeprazole 2x 40 mg iv
• Inj. Ceftriaxon 2x2 gr iv
• Inj. Dexametason 4x 5 mg
• Aciclovir 5x 800 mg ps
• Inj. Levofloxaxin 1x 750 mg
• NAC 2x 600 mg
• Vit D 1x 1000 mg
• Vt C 1 x 500 mg
• Zinc 1x 20 mg
Planning monitoring : GCS,VS, klinis.
Edukasi : menjelaskan terkait penyakit, terapi dan prognosis pada pasien
42
Daftar pustaka
1. Yu et al ,Frontiers in Neurology. Complication and phatophysology of covid 19 in nervus system |
www.frontiersin.org 1 Desember 2020 | Volume 11 | Pasal 573421
2. S.S. Msigwa et al. The neurological insights of the emerging coronaviruses / Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 78
(2020) 1–7
3. PHYSIOLOGY 35: 288–301, 2020. Pathophysiology of covid 19 : Mechanisms underlyig diseases and
progression. Published August 12, 2020; doi:10.1152/physiol.00019.2020
4. Mark A Ellul dkk, Neurological associations of COVID-19 .www.thelancet.com/neurology Vol 19 September 2020
5. Frédéric Zuhorn, Parainfectious encephalitis in COVID‑19: “The Claustrum Sign”, Journal of Neurology 6 July
2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10185-y
6. Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in COVID-19 Infection: A Case
Series.https://www.neurologyindia.com/ Year : 2020 | Volume : 68 | Issue : 5 | Page : 1192-1195
7. Tyler Scullen, Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)Associated Encephalopathies and Cerebrovascular Disease: The New
Orleans Experience.WORLD NEUROSURGERY May 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.192
TERIMA KASIH
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