PGRI dan Pendidikan Masa Orde

Lama, Masa Orde Baru, dan

Masa Reformasi
Nama Kelompok
Dina Ardilah Aprilia Putri (195000018)
Tania Eka Safitri (195000029)
Alya Dwi Efianti (195000030)
 01
ORDE LAMA
PGRI dan Pendidikan
PGRI Pada Masa Demokrasi Terpimpin 1959 – 1965 ( Era
Orde Lama)

Kongres XIV memutuskan dan menegaskan bahwa

pembinaan lembaga pendidikan PGRI perlu dilakukan
secara konseptual, nasional dan terkendali secara
organisatoris. Keputusan ini diambil karena PGRI sudah
waktunya memberikan perhatian yang lebih serius
terhadap pembinaan lembaga pendidikannya.
 PGRI Pada Masa Demokrasi Terpimpin 1959 – 1965
( Era Orde Lama )
di Surabaya BI Oktober/ November 1959, Seperti pada kongres sebelumnya
Subandri dkk, melancarkan aksinya dengan mengadudomba, memfitnah peserta
Kongres IX untuk memasukkan faham komunis dan menempatkan orangnya ke tubuh PB PGRI.
Namun masih juga tidak berhasil dan ME. Subandinata tetap terpilih sebagai Ketua
Umum PB PGRI.

di Gelora Bung Karno Jakarta Th. 1962 – 1965 adalah episode paling sulit
bagi PGRI, karena timbul “perpecahan” dengan dalih “machtsvorming en
machtsaanwending” (pembentukan kekuatan dan penggunaan kekuatan) Kongres X
oleh “kubu komunis” dan berhasil menunjuk Soepardi dan Goldfried
menjadi ketua Panitia Pemilihan PB PGRI, tetapi diketahui peserta bahwa
Goldfried adalah tokoh PKI yang ikut membuat selebaran gelap dan
fitnah, maka dikeluarkan. Pemilihan berjalan lancar dan “ME.
Subandinata” terpilih lagi menjadi “Ketua Umum PB PGRI”.
 Beberapa kejadian pahit akibat infiltrasi komunis ketubuh
1) PGRI kekurangan dana akibat
sabotase PKI
4) Pelaksanaan dekrit Presiden
menyimpang dari tujuan
(menyimpang dari UUD 1945)
PGRI setelah Kongres IX s/d G.30 S/PKI 1965
2) PGRI terpecah akibat
pengaruh politik dan faham
komunis
5) Ada ungkapan “Politik adalah
Pahlawan”
3) Sistem pendidikan Pancasila akan
diganti berasaskan Manipol (Manifesto
Politik) oleh pengurus PGRI yang
berfaham komunis.
6) Kelihatan jelas garis pemisah
“siapa kawan dan siapa lawan” Di
PGRI kawan adalah semua
“Golongan Pancasilais anti PKI”
yang dalam pendidikan berusaha
mengamankan Pancasila.
 Beberapa kejadian pahit akibat infiltrasi komunis ketubuh
PGRI setelah Kongres IX s/d G.30 S/PKI 1965

7) Lahir “PGRI Non Vak Sentral”
yang berfaham komunis, BI Juni 1964
memisahkan diri dari PGRI hasil
Kongres X.
8) Persaingan kelompok di
masyarakat makin tajam yang tidak
sependapat dengan pemerintah
dituduh kontra revolusi anti manipol
agen subversi asing dll
9) Politik NASAKOM (Nasional Agama
Komunis) dibentuk berlandaskan persatuan
semu oleh PKI dipergunakan untuk
memperkuat dominasi politiknya selain itu
PKI melancarkan isu “Setan Desa, Kapitalis
Birokrat, Nekolem (Neokolonialisme)” untuk
menjatuhkan wibawa pemerintah.

10) Pidato Inaugari Majelis
Pendidikan Nasional (mapena) oleh
Dr. Busono Wibowo sangat
meresahkan pendidik (PGRI) karena
berisi Sistem Pendidikan
Pancawardana
11) Tahun 1964 ada pemecatan massal
(27 Orang) pejabat penting Dep. P dan
K yang anti PGRI NV/PKI, oleh
Menteri Dep P dan K Prof.Dr. Prijono
 Pendidikan Pada Masa Orde Lama
Pada masa ini Indonesia mampu mengekspor guru ke negara tetangga, dan
banyak generasi muda yang disekolahkan di luar negeri dengan tujuan agar
Soekarno mereka kelak dapat kembali ke tanah air untuk mengaplikasikan ilmu yang
telah mereka dapat.

dikembangkan pendidikan dengan sistem “among” berdasarkan asas-asas

kemerdekaan, kodrat alam, kebudayaan, kebangsaan, dan kemanuasiaan
Ki Hadjar yang dikenal sebagai “Panca Dharma Taman Siswa” dan semboyan “ing
Dewantara 1950 ngarso sung tulodho, ing madyo mangun karso, tut wuri handayani”

diundangkan UU No. 22/1961 tentang Pendidikan Tinggi, dilanjutkan

dengan UU No.14/1965 tentang Majelis Pendidikan Nasional, dan UU No.
1961 19/1965 tentang Pokok-Pokok Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Pancasila. Pada
masa akhir pendidikan Presiden Soekarno, 90 % bangsa Indonesia
berpendidikan SD.
 1945-1968
Kurikulum pertama yang lahir pada masa kemerdekaan memakai istilah
dalam bahasa Belanda “leer plan” artinya rencana pelajaran.

1952
Kurikulum ini lebih merinci setiap mata pelajaran yang disebut
“Rencana Pelajaran Terurai 1952”. Silabus mata pelajarannya jelas
sekali, dan seorang guru mengajar satu mata pelajaran.

1964
Fokus kurikulum 1964 adalah pada pengembangan daya
cipta, rasa, karsa, karya, dan moral (Panca wardhana).
 02
ORDE BARU
(1966-1998)
PGRI dan Pendidikan
 Kesatuan aksi guru Indonesia (KAGI)
KAGI merupakan wahana untuk menyatukan semua organisasi guru yang tadinya terkotak-
kotak sebagai produk politik Orde Lama. Para guru-guru membentuk Kesatuan Aksi Guru
Indonesia (KAGI) pada tanggal 2 Februari 1966. KAGI pada mulanya terbentuk di Jakarta
Raya (KAGI Jaya) dan Jawa Barat (KAPPP), tetapi kemudian berturut-turut terbentuk pula
KAGI di berbagai provinsi lainnya. Tugas utama KAGI adalah:
1. Membersihkan dunia pendidikan Indonesia dari unsur-unsur PKI dan Orde Lama, yaitu
PGRI Non-Vaksentral /PKI, Serikat Sekerja Pendidikan, dan PGTI (Persatuan Guru Teknik
Indonesia)
2. Menyatukan semua guru di dalam satu wadah organisasi guru, yaitu PGRI
3. Memperjuangkan agar PGRI menjadi organisasi guru yang tidak hanya bersifat unitaristik,
tetapi juga independen dan non-partai politik.
 03
REFORMASI
PGRI dan Pendidikan
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Table of Contents

01 02
Introduction Evolution
Here you could describe the Here you could describe the
topic of the section topic of the section

03 04
Analysis Conclusion
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topic of the section topic of the section
Introduction
In 1370 BC, in Mesopotamia the most widely spoken
language was Akkadian. However, a king of Ugarit, built
a large library in the city and treasure in it the most
important texts related to their religion and history.
 The hand that wrote a
page, built a city

- Herbert Marshall Mcluhan

Awesome
words
 Study Objectives

Paintings Cylindricals Seals Cuneiform Signs

First way of expressing the Way to identify goods with Oldest form of writing,
human being engravings on clay developed by the Sumerian
 Evolution of the Alphabet

01 02 03

Ugaritic Protosinatic Alphabet Phoenician

Language Alphabet
An alphabetical type Alphabet adapted from Egyptian It was written from right to left
graphic system is used with also linked to the origin of with 22 characters and with only
letters as cuneiforms signs Phoenician one vowel
 Evolution of the Alphabet

04 05

Greek Latin
Alphabet Alphabet
They adapted to the Phoenician Associated the letters to the
alphabet and created vowel signs phoneme of a common word that
began with that sound
 Literature Review

The first model of the alphabet arises from the

Phoenicians Phoenicians, from which the Greek appears and,
consequently, the Etruscan and Latin languages

At the same time, the Aramaic alphabet emerged,

being the precursors of other writing systems such as Aramaic
Hebrew and Arabic
 Alphabets

Phoenicians
Greek

Latin

Aramaic
Hebrew

Arabic
02
Evolution
You could enter a subtitle here
if you need it
 Methodology

Clay Boards Papyrus

Used in Mesopotamia. Stilus was It was used in Egypt. It was
the instrument that was used to a plant and they sold in
write about them rolls of 20 leaves

Parchment Paper
Greece and Rome. It was tanned It was invented in China. It was
and scraped leather prepared for made up of vegetable fibers that
writing allowed the use of ink
 Materials Summary

Used in Mesopotamia. Stilus was the instrument that was

Clay boards used to write about them.

It was used in Egypt. It was a plant and they sold in rolls of

Papyrus 20 leaves

Greece and Rome. It was tanned and scraped leather prepared for
Parchment writing

It was invented in China. It was made up of vegetable fibers that

Paper allowed the use of ink
 Graphics

Clay Boards 3000 b.c

Papyrus 2800 b.c
Parchment 2500 b.c

Paper 105 b.c

To modify this graph, click on it, follow the link, change the data
and paste the resulting graph here, replacing this one
A picture is worth a
thousand words
 Paper Infographic

Composition
It is made of compact
s.II a.c plants fibers an allowed the
It emerged in China. Its use of ink
invention was attributed
to Ts’ai.
Printing
With the paper appeared
the invention of the
printing press
Results Analysis

Paper

Computer

Typewriter
 1440
It was created by
Johannes Gutenberg

1452
The most important printing begins
“The Gutenberg Bible”

1638
The first printing press is emerging
in the United States
 Printing Map

China
In the s. XI created reproduction
systems with mobile types

Germany
Johannes Gutenberg is the
creator of the printing press
in 1440
 A picture always
reinforces concept
Images reveal large amounts of
data and meanings
1991
Year in which the digital age began
 Conclusions

Clay boards Papyrus Parchment

Used in Mesopotamia from Was used as an egyptus writing In Greece and Rome when
3000 b.c., Stilus was used as a instrument since 2800 b.c Egypt banned the export
writing instrument of papyrus

Paper Printing Computer

It was invented in China and it It was created in Germany The first computer was
allowed the evolution of the in 1440 by made in Berlin by Konrad Zuse
printing press Johannes Gutenberg in 1941
 Chronology

3000 b.c 2500 b.c

2800 b.c
Clay boards Parchment
It started to be used It started to be used
in Mesopotamia in Greece and Rome
Papyrus
It started to be used
in Egypt
 Chronology

s.II b.c s.XX

s.XIX
Paper Computer
It started to be used The first computer was
in China made in Berlin
Typewriter
It started to be used
In New York
Multimedia
Concept that emerged in 1984,
when the first computer with extensive
sound playback capabilities was
launched
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