Anatomi FK Undip
Anatomi
Membri Inferior
Dibuat oleh:
Eigieneo Elmattana Nosatiya (2019)
Arlo Gunawan Utama (2019)
Ariel Tristan (2019)
Lapisan (superficial ke profundal)
1. Cutis
a. Epidermis
● S tra tum corneum
● Stratum lucidum
● Stratum granulosum
● Stratum spinosum
● Stratum germinativum
a. Dermis (oorium) Click to add text
● S tra tum reticula re
● Stratum papillare
2. Subcutis/superficial fascia
● Terdiri atas jarin gan ikat long g ar, m engandung
3. lem ak
Deep fascia/fascia profunda
4. ● J a ring a n pengikat yang leba r menutupi otot
Otot
Loge / Kompartemen Otot
● → Suatu ruang an p ad a tubuh yang dibata s i
oleh fascia d an diisi oleh kelom pok-
kelompok otot.
Otot-otot yan g terletak dalam satu log e
b iasanya m em punyai
• P ers ara fan yang s am a
• Pendarahan yang s am a
• Fungsi yang s a m a
Fascia
1. Fascia propria
Fascia yang membungkus Fascia generalisata
masing- masing otot secara
individual
2. Fascia communis Fascia communis
Fascia propria
Perlekatan Otot
● Terdiri dari :
○ Cingulum membri inferioris (cingulum
pelvicum)
■ Os. Coxae
○ ■ Os. S acrum
Pars libera membri inferioris
■ Femur
■ P a tella
■ Tibia
■ Fibula
■ Os s a ta rs i (tars alia )
■ Os s a metatarsi (m etatars alia )
■ Os s a dig itorum pedis
■ P halan g es
Os. Coxae (Pelvicum)
● Tersu su n oleh 3 tulang :
○ Os. Ilium
○ Os. Is chium
○ Os. Pubis
● P ada anak ketiga tulang m asih terpis a h, saat dew asa m en galam i fu si yan g terletak dalam dan di s ekitar
ac etab ulum
Os. Coxae (Pelvicum)
● Innervasi : n. femoralis (m. illiacus), rami anteriores L1-3 (m. Psoas major, minor)
● Fungsi : Flexi femur pada sendi coxae
Otot Pangkal Paha : Daerah Glutea :
m. Gluteus maximus
n. ischiadicus
Otot Pangkal Paha : Daerah Glutea :
m. Piriformis
n. ischiadicus
Otot Pangkal Paha : Daerah Glutea :
m. Triceps Coxae
● m. Gemellus superior
● m. Obturator internus
● m. Gemellus inferior
● Ligamentum:
○ Iliofemoral ligament
Y-shaped ligament that connects the pelvis to the femoral head at the front of
the joint. It helps in limiting over-extension of the hip.
○ Pubofemoral ligament
Triangular shaped ligament that extends between the upper portion of the
pubis and the iliofemoral ligament. It attaches the pubis to the femoral head.
○ Ischiofemoral ligament
Arise from the ischium behind the acetabulum and merge with the fibres of
the joint capsule.
○ Ligamentum teres (capitis femoris)
Extends from the tip of the femoral head to the acetabulum. Although it has
no role in hip movement, it does have a small artery within that supplies
blood to a part of the femoral head.
○ Acetabular labrum
The labrum is a fibrous cartilage ring which lines the acetabular socket. It
deepens the cavity increasing the stability and strength of the hip joint.
The Hip Joint (Articulatio Coxae)
Movement of The Hip Joint (Articulatio Coxae)
Movement of The Hip Joint (Articulatio Coxae)
Special Test for The Hip Joint
● → bentuk segitiga
● Innervasi : n. obturatorius
● Fungsi : adduksi, fleksi
femur
Otot-otot Tungkai Atas : Loge Adductor :
m. Adductor longus et brevis
Otot-otot Tungkai Atas : Loge Adductor :
m. Adductor magnus
● The Pes Anserine, also called the 'Goose Foot' is the insertion of the sartorius, gracilis
and semitendinosus muscles
● which are conjoined proximally on the medial side of the Tibia.
● Located superficial to the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee.
The Knee Joint (Articulatio Genu)
● Articulating Surfaces
○ Tibiofemoral – medial and lateral condyles of the
fem ur a rticulate with the tibial condyles. It is the
weig ht-bea rin g component of the knee joint.
○ Patellofemoral – a nterior aspect of the distal femur
articulates with the patella. It allows the tendon of the
quadriceps femoris (knee extens or) to be ins erted
directly over the knee – increas ing the efficiency of
the m u scle.
● Menisci
○ Fibrocartilage structures in the knee that serve two
functions:
■ To deepen the articular surface of the tibia,
thus increasing stability of the joint.
■ To act as shock absorbers by increasing
surface area to further dissipate forces.
The Knee Joint (Articulatio Genu)
The major ligaments in the knee joint are:
● Patellar ligament – a continuation of the quadriceps femoris tendon distal to the
patella. It attaches to the tibial tuberosity.
● Collateral ligaments – two strap-like ligaments. They act to stabilise the hinge
motion of the knee, preventing excessive medial or lateral movement
● Tibial (m edial) collatera l ligam ent – wide and f lat lig a m ent, f ound on the
m edial side of the joint. P roxim a lly, it attaches to the medial epicondyle of the
femur, distally it attaches to the m edial condyle of the tibia.
○ Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament – thinner and rounder than the
tibial collateral, this attaches proximally to the lateral epicondyle
of the femur, distally it attaches to a depression on the lateral
surface of the fibular head.
● Cruciate Ligaments – these two ligaments connect the femur and the tibia. In
doing so, they cross each other, hence the term ‘cruciate’ (Latin for like a cross)
○ Anterior cruciate ligament – attaches at the anterior intercondylar
region of the tibia where it blends with the m edial m eniscus. It
ascend s pos teriorly to attach to the f em ur in the intercondylar
fo s s a . It prevents anterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur.
○ P os terior crucia te ligam ent – attaches at the pos terior
intercondyla r reg ion of the tibia and ascends a nteriorly to a tta ch
to the anteromedial f emora l condyle. It prevents pos terior
dislocation of the tibia onto the femur.
Movement of The Knee Joint (Articulatio Genu)
Special Test for The Knee Joint
1. Fascia thoracolumbalis
2. P rocess u s spinosus vertebra e
lum ba lis
3. Os coccygis
4. Anus
5. Musculus adductor magnus
6. Musculus semitendinosus
7. Crista iliaca
8. Musculus gluteus medius
9. Trochanter major
10. Musculus gluteus maximus
11. Tractus iliotibialis
12. Musculus piriformis
13. Musculus gemellus superior
14. Musculus obturator internus
15. Musculus gemellus inferior
16. Tuber ischiadicum
17. Musculus biceps femoris
18. Musculus tensor fasciae latae
19. Musculus quadratus femoris
Otot Tungkai Atas : Ident
1. Fascia thoracolumbalis 26. Nervus peroneus communis
2. Processus spinosus 27. Tendo musculi bicipitis
vertebrae lumbalis femoris
3. Os coccygis 28. Caput laterale musculi
4. Anus gastrocnemii
5. Musculus adductor magnus 29. Musculus rectus femoris
6. Musculus semitendinosus 30. Musculus vastus medialis
7. Crista iliaca 31. Musculus vastus intermedius
8. Musculus gluteus medius 32. Musculus vastus lateralis
9. Trochanter major 33. Nervus ischiadicus
10. Musculus gluteus maximus 34. Musculus gluteus maximus
11. Tractus iliotibialis (insertio)
12. Musculus piriformis 35. Vena saphena magna
13. Musculus gemellus superior 36. Arteria femoralis
14. Musculus obturator internus 37. Vena femoralis
15. Musculus gemellus inferior 38. Musculus adductor longus
16. Tuber ischiadicum 39. Femur
17. Musculus biceps femoris 40. Musculus gracilis
18. Musculus tensor fasciae 41. Septum antara m us culus
latae sem itendinosus da n
19. Musculus quadratus m us culus
femoris s em im em branos us
20. Musculus gluteus minimus
21. Musculus sartorius
22. M us culus
s em im em branos us
23. Tendo musculi gracilis
Otot-otot fleksor paha kanan, lapisan superfisial 24. Nervus tibialis
(dilihat dari dorsal). 25. Caput mediale musculi
gastrocnemii
Otot Tungkai Atas : Ident
1. Musculus gluteus maximus
2. (dipotong) Letak os coccygis
3. Musculus piriformis
4. Musculus gemellus superior
5. Musculus obturator internus
6. Musculus gemellus inferior
7. Tuber ischiadicum
8. Musculus quadratus femoris
9. Musculus semitendinosus et tendo intermedius
10. Musculus semimembranosus
11. Caput mediale musculi gastrocnemii
12. Musculus gluteus medius
13. Musculus adductor minimus
14. Musculus adductor magnus
15. Caput longum musculi bicipitis femoris
16. Tractus iliotibialis
17. Caput breve musculi bicipitis femoris
18. Facies poplitea femoris
19. Musculus plantaris
20. Tendo musculi bicipitis femoris
21. Caput laterale musculi gastrocnemii
22. Pars membranos musculi semimembranosi
Otot-otot Tungkai Bawah :
Loge Extensor
● m. Tibialis anterior, m. Extensor hallucis longus, m. Extensor digitorum longus, m.
● Peroneus tertius
● Innervasi : n. peroneus profundus
Fungsi : dorsofleksi kaki
Otot-otot Tungkai Bawah : Loge Extensor
Medial ke Lateral
Superior TeDuH
Tibialis anterior
Digitorum Longus
Hallucis Longus (di profunda)
Inferior TerHaDap
Tibialis anterior
Hallucis Longus
Digitorum Longus
Otot-otot Tungkai Bawah : Loge Flexor (Superficial)
● m. Triceps surae
○ m. Gastrocnemius
○ m. Soleus
● m. Plantaris
● Innervasi : n. tibialis
● Fungsi : plantarfleksi
kaki
Otot-otot Tungkai Bawah : Loge Flexor (Superficial)
Otot-otot Tungkai Bawah : Loge Flexor (Profundal)
● → m. Popliteus, m. Flexor digitorum longus, m. Flexor hallucis longus, m. Tibialis posterior
● Innervasi : n. tibialis
● Fungsi : plantarfleksi kaki
● Crural chiasm : Persilangan m. tibialis posterior dan m. flexor digitorum longus
● Plantar chiasm : Persilangan m. flexor digitorum longus dan m. flexor hallucis longus
Otot-otot Tungkai Bawah : Loge Flexor (Profundal)
Medial ke Lateral
DTH
Digitorum Longus
Superior
Tibialis posterior
Hallucis Longus
Chiasma Cruris
TDH
Tibialis posterior
Inferior
Digitorum Longus
Hallucis Longus
Chiasma Plantare
THD
Tibialis posterior
Plantar
Hallucis Longus
Digitorum Longus
Otot-otot Tungkai Bawah : Loge Adductor/Peronei
● → m. peroneus longus, m. peroneus breve
● Innerva s i : n. peroneus s uperficialis
● Fun gsi : plantarfleksi dan prona s i kaki
The Ankle Joint (Articulatio Talocruralis)
● Setiap nervus spinalis terhubung dengan medulla spinalis melalui radix posterior dan radix anterior
● Radix posterior berisi processus-processus sel neuron sensorium yang membawa informasi ke SSP → soma berada
di ganglion spinale (embriologi dari sel crista neuralis)
● Radix anterior berisi serabut-serabut nervus motorius, yang membawa sinyal keluar dari SSP → soma berada di
cornu anterior medulla spinalis
Nervus Spinales
● Radix anterior + Radix P os terior → Nervus spin alis → Ram us
posterior & Ram us anterior (kelua r dari fora m en intervertebrale)
● Rami priamrius posteriores → musculi intrins ik dors i (m us culi
epaxialis) dan daerah sem pit yang terkait pada kulit re giones
dors ales
● Rami primarius anteriores → sebagian besar musculi
skeletal (musculi hypaxialis) tubuh, termasuk musculi pada
extremitas dan truncus, dan sebagian besar area kulit, kecuali
beberapa daerah tertentu pada cranium.
● Seluruh plexus somaticae utama dibentuk oleh rami anteriores :
○ Plexus Cervicalis (C 1 – C 4 )
○ Plexus Brachialis (C 5 – T 1 )
○ Plexus Lumbalis (T12 – L4)
○ Plexus Sacralis (L4 – S4)
○ Plexus Coccygeus (S4 – Co)
Nervus Spinales
● Nomenklatur nervi spinales
→ ± 31 pasang nervi spinales , dinamakan berdasarkan posisinya
dengan mempertimbangkan vertebrae yang terkait:
○ 8 nervi cervicales— C 1 sampai C 8
○ 12 nervi thoracici— T 1 sampai T 12
○ 5 nervi lumbales— L 1 sampai L 5
○ 5 nervi sacrales— S 1 sampai S 5
○ 1 nervus coccygeus— Co
→ C5 : nervus spinalis segmental cervical ke-5 (ramus primarius
anterior nervus cervicalis V)
Plexus Lumbosacralis
Plexus Lumbalis
● T12 – L4
● Dibentuk di m. psoas major
○ Sisi lateral → n. iliohypogastricus, n. ilioinguinalis, n. cutaneus femoris lateralis, dan n.
○ femoralis lis
○ Pinggir medial → n. obturatorius dan truncus lumbosacra
● Permukaan
Cabang : anterior → n. genitofemoralis
o Rami musculares m. Quadratus lumborum (L1-4)
o Rami musculares m. Psoas (L2-3)
o Ramus superior L 1 + n. subcostalis
→ n. iliohypogastricus (T12,L1)
→ n. ilioinguinalis (T12,L1)
o Ramus inferior L 1 + Ramus superior L 2
→ n. genitofemoralis (L1-2)
Ramus inferior L 2 + Ramus anterior L 3 + bagian atas L 4
o
→ Pars anterior → n. obturatorius (L2-4)
→ Pars posterior → n. femoralis (L2-4)
Bagian belakang pars anterior L 2-3
o → n. cutaneus femoris lateralis (L )
2-3
Plexus Lumbalis
Plexus Lumbalis
Plexus Sacralis
● L4 – S4
● L 4 dan L 5 → truncus lumbosacralis
● Cabang-Cabang :
○ n. is chiadicus
■ n. Peroneus communis (L 4 – S 2 )
■ n. Tibialis (L 4 – S 2 )
○ Pars a nteriores
■ Nervus untuk m. Quadratus femoris dan Gemellus inferior (L 4 - S1)
■ Nervus untuk m. Obturator internus dan Gemellus superior (L 5 - S2)
■ n. Splanchnicus pelvicus (S 2-4 ) → sistem parasimpatik → viscera pelvis
■ n. Pudendus (S 2-4 )
○ Pars P o steriores
■ Nervus untuk m. Piriformis (S 1-2)
■ Nervus untuk m. Coccygeus dan m. Levator ani (S 3-4 )
■ n. Gluteus superior (L 4 – S1)
■ n. Gluteus inferior (L 5 – S2)
■ n. Clunium inferior (S 2-3 ) → cabang n. Cutaneus femoris posterior
■ Ramus perinealis nervi sacralis (S 5 ) → cabang n. Cutaneus femoris posterior
○ n. Cutaneus fem oris posterior (S 1-2 )
○ n. Cutaneus perforans (S 2-3 )
Plexus Sacralis
Plexus Sacralis
Plexus Sacralis
Plexus Coccygeus
● S 4 – Co
● Mensyarafi :
○ m. Coccyg eus
○ m. Levator ani
○ kulit
Plexus Lumbosacralis : Ident
1. Nervus subcostalis
2. Nervus iliohypogastricus
3. Nervus ilio-inguinalis
4. Nervus cutaneus femoris lateralis
5. Nervus genitofemoralis
6. Nervus pudendus
7. Nervus femoralis
8. Nervus obturatorius
9. Nervus ischiadicus
10. Plexus lumbalis (L1 - L4)
11. Plexus sacralis (L4 - S4)
12. Plexus coccygeus (S2 - S4)
13. Nervus clunium inferior
14. Nervus cutaneus femoris posterior
15. Nervus fibularis communis
16. Nervus tibialis
17. Nervus cutaneus surae laterlis
18. Nervi plantares medialis et lateralis
19. Nervus saphenus
20. Ramus infrapatellaris nervi sapheni
21. Nervus fibularis profundus
22. Nervus fibularis superficialis
23. Ram us cutaneus a nterior nervi
24. iliohypog a s trici Ramus cutaneus la tera lis
25. nervi iliohypog a s trici Ramus fem ora lis nervi
26. g enitofem ora lis
27. Rami cutanei laterales nervi intercostalis
28. Rami cutanei anteriores nervi intercostalis
29. Ramus genitalis nervi genitofemoralis
Nervus scrotalis anterior
Systema Arteriosum
Systema Arteri Membri Inferior