Pertemuan 4 - Perancangan Listrik 1
Pertemuan 4 - Perancangan Listrik 1
I N S TA L A S I P E N C A H AYA A N
B y : F a d h l i F a r s a
INSTALASI PENERANGAN
INSTALASI
PENERANGAN
Instalasi penerangan :
Instalasi listrik untuk melayani kebutuhan sistem pencahayaan (buatan) dan utilitas ringan yang
memerlukan listrik
Sistem pencahayaan :
1. Sistem pencahayaan alami
2. Sistem pencahayaan buatan
3. Sistem pencahayaan darurat
Diperkirakan antara pukul 08.00 -16.00 terdapat cukup banyak cahaya yang masuk ke dalam ruangan,
distribusi cahaya di dalam ruangan cukup merata dan atau tidak menimbulkan kontras yang mengganggu
• Reflector lamps
• Fluorescent tubes
1. Sistem pencahayaan
2. Penghantar
3. Proteksi & Pembumian
4. Sakelar & Kotak kontak (biasa/khusus)
5. Simbol & gambar
6. Panel schedule
A ru s c a h a ya ya n g
CAND ELA
(cd )
= I= d ip a n c a rk a n k e s atu
W a ra h terte n tu
LUX A ru s c a h a y a ya n g
(lx) = E = ja tu h p a d a
A p e rm u k a a n b id a n g
per M 2
hl
Lam p u h = H - hbk - hl
Dimana :
h = Tinggi Efektif
H = Total Tinggi
B idang kerja hbk = Tinggi Bidang Kerja
hl = Tinggi Lampu ke Titik Tertinggi
hb k
a = Jarak antar lampu
• Choke
• A simple low power factor inductive ballast.
• Columns
• Poles for mounting road lanterns or floodlights.
• Controller
• A clear plastic or glass with prism shapes in the surface; the overall shape may be flat or formed.
• Diffuser
• An attachment intended to reduce the lamp brightness by spreading the brightness over the surface of the diffuser.
• Downlighters
• This term is frequently misused to refer to any luminaire which produces no upward light, whereas the object of a downlighter is
to provide illumination without any apparent source of light.They are therefore extremely ‘low brightness’ luminaires referring
particularly to small recessed, semirecessed or surface ‘can’ luminaires.
• Emergency lights
• Lighting provided for use when the mains lighting fails for whatever reason. There are two types: (1) escape lighting and (2)
standby lighting.
• Escape lighting
• See Emergency lights.
• Eyeball
• A recessed adjustable display spotlight.
• Flameproof
• An enclosure capable of withstanding the pressure of an internal explosion and preventing transmission of the explosion to
gases and vapours outside the luminaire.
• Floodlight
• General term applied to exterior fittings housing all types of lamps and producing beams from very narrow to very wide.
Floodlights usually employ a specular parabolic reflector and their size is determined by the light source employed and
distribution required. The term also applies to interior fittings providing a fairly wide beam which could not be described as a
‘spotlight’.
• High bay
• As the name implies, these are for use when mounting heights of around 8–10 m or above are encountered. They have a
controlled light distribution to ensure that as much light as possible reaches the working plane. Although primarily intended for
industrial areas they also find applications in lofty shopping areas and exhibition halls.
• Hood
• A baffle projecting forward from the top of a floodlight or display spotlight to improve the cut-off spill light above the
horizontal to reduce glare and light pollution.
• Ignitor
• A starting device, intended to generate voltage pulses to start discharge lamps, which does not provide for the pre-heating of
electrodes.
• Inverter
• Electronic device for operating discharge lamps (usually fluorescent) on a d.c. supply obtained either from batteries or
generators.
• Lantern
• Apart from reproduction period lighting units, this is an alternative term for a luminaire usually restricted to roadlighting or
stage lighting equipment.
• Louvres
• Vertical or angled fins of metal, plastic or wood arranged at right angles to linear lamps or in two directions. The object is to
increase the cut-off of the luminaire and so reduce glare from critical angles. Louvres can also form ceiling panels with lighting
equipment placed in the void above.
• Low bay
• Luminaires housing high-pressure discharge lamps (usually mounted horizontally) to provide a wide distribution with
good cut-off at mounting heights around 4–8m. Apart from industrial applications, these are used in many sports halls
and public concourses.
• Low brightness
• Term usually applied to commercial fluorescent luminaires where, by the use of louvres, the brightness is limited. These
are particularly appropriate for offices with VDTs.
• Mast
• Mounting columns higher than 12–15 m are generally referred to as masts and are used to support floodlighting for large
areas.
• Optic
• The reflector and/or refractor system providing the light control for the luminaire.
• Post top
• Road or amenity lighting luminaire which mounts directly on to the top of a column without a bracket or out-reach arm.
• Profile spotlight
• Luminaire with focusable front (objective) lens producing a hard edge beam. By a set of adjustable shutters or masks at the
gate of the projector, the beam can be shaped or ‘gobos’ (cut-out metal slides) can be used to project patterns or pictures.
• Projector
• Term for floodlight or profile spotlight.
• Proof
• Applied to all types of luminaires which have a higher degree of protection from the ingress of solids and liquids than
standard interior lighting luminaires.
• Recessed
• The luminaire mounting arrangement where the whole or part (semirecessed) of the luminaire body is set into a ceiling or
wall or floor surface.
• Refractor
• Clear glass or plastic, panel or bowl where an array of prisms is designed to redirect the light of the lamp into the required
distribution.
• Semi-recessed
• See Recessed.
• Spine
• See Batten.
• Spotlight
• An adjustable interior luminaire with controlled beam using a reflector lamp or optical system.
• Stand by lighting
• See Emergency lights.
• Starter
• A starting device usually for fluorescent tubes which provides the necessary preheating of the electrodes and, in combination with the
series impedance of the ballast, causes a surge in the voltage applied to the lamp.
• Tower
• Lattice, steel or concrete structure from 15m to 50m to support area floodlighting equipment.
• Track system
• A linear busbar system providing one to three main circuits or a low voltage supply to which display lighting can be connected and
disconnected at will along the length of the system. The luminaires must be fitted with an adapter to suit the particular track system in
use.
• Transformer
• A wire-wound or electronic unit which steps-up or down its supply voltage. Often fitted integrally into low voltage spotlights.
• Troffer
• Fluorescent or discharge luminaire designed to recess into suspended ceilings and fit the module size of the ceiling. See Recessed.
• Trunking
• Apart from standard wireway systems in ceilings and floor, trunking associated specifically with lighting usually provides mechanical fixings for the
luminaires as well as electrical connection.
• Uplights
• Indirect lighting system where task illuminance is provided by lighting reflected from the ceiling. The luminaires can either be floor standing, wall mounted
or suspended and can be arranged to provide either general or localised lighting.
• Visor
• Clear or diffused glass or plastic, bowl or flat panel closing the mouth of a luminance.
• Wall washer
• Interior floodlight or spotlight with asymmetric distribution intended to provide uniform lighting of walls from a close offset distance.
• Wellglass
• These consist of a lamp surrounded by an enclosure of transparent or translucent glass or plastic. They are usually proof luminaires and often used outdoors
fixed to a bracket.
• Zone 0, 1 and 2 fittings
• Classification of various hazardous areas.
ExA
N =
F total x kp x kd
N = jumlah lampu
= Tingkat pencahayaan rata-rata (lux)
F total = Fluks luminus total lampu yang menerangi bidang kerja (lumen)
A = luas bidang kerja (m2).
kp = koefisien penggunaan .
kd = koefisien depresiasi (penyusutan).
Perbandingan antara fluks luminus yang sampai di bidang kerja terhadap keluaran
cahaya yang dipancarkan oleh semua lampu
Dipengaruhi oleh faktor :
• Distribusi intensitas cahaya armatur
• Perbandingan antara keluaran cahaya dari armatur dengan keluaran cahaya dari
lampu di dalam armatur
• Reflektansi cahaya dari langit-langit, dinding dan lantai
• Pemasangan armatur , menempel atau digantung pada langit-langit
• Dimensi ruangan
Besarnya kp sebuah armatur dikeluarkan oleh pabrik pembuat armatur
SNI 03-6575-2001
Suatu ruangan kantor dengan ukuran 20 x 10 m direncanakan memakai TL 4 x 40 Watt dengan kuat
penerangan E = 300 lux. Hitung, jumlah lampu dan daya listrik yang dibutuhkan.
PENYELESAIAN
Data produk : TL 40 Watt besar lumen = 3000 lumen, untuk 4 bh TL 40 Watt = 4 x 3000 = 12,000 lumen. Kp
= 0,6 dan Kd = 0,8
No Lambang Keterangan
7. Penghantar
Kelompok penghantar
Saluran
Kabel
8. Sirkit
Catatan :
1. Jika sebuah garis melambangkan sekelompok peng-
hantar, maka jumlah penghantarnya ditunjukkan dgn
3 menambah garis-garis pendek atau dengan satu garis
9. pendek dan sebuah bilangan
2. Penjelasan tambahan dpt ditunjukkan sbg berikut :
110 V - di atas grs: jenis arus, sistem distribusi, frekwensi
10. dan tegangan
2 x 120 mm2 Al - di bwh grs: jumlah penghantar sirkit diikuti dgn tanda
kali dan luas penampang setiap penghantar
2N 220 V Sirkit arus searah, 220 V (antara penghantar sisi dan kawat tengah 110 V),
11. dua penghantar sisi berpenampang 50 mm 2 dan kawat tengah 25 mm2
2 + 50 + 1 x 25
12.
3N
~ 50 Hz 400 V Sirkit fase-tiga, 50 Hz, 400 V, tiga penghantar berpenam-
pang 120 mm2, dengan netral berpenampang 50 mm2
3 x 120 + 1 x 50
(b)
16.
Penghantar pengaman dan penghantar netral digabung
12.
3N
~ 50 Hz 400 V Sirkit fase-tiga, 50 Hz, 400 V, tiga penghantar berpenam-
pang 120 mm2, dengan netral berpenampang 50 mm2
3 x 120 + 1 x 50
(b)
16.
Penghantar pengaman dan penghantar netral digabung
9.
Pengaman lebur dengan sirkit alarm terpisah
(a) klakson
14. (b) sirene
(c) peluit yang bekerja secara listrik
(a) (b) (c)
15. bel
19
bumi; pembumian
G M (a) Generator - G
25. (b) Motor - M
(a) (b)
26. transformator