KONSEP ILMU EKONOMI

Lukas Willi DK, S.Pd

TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
Peserta didik Peserta didik
0 mampu: 0 mampu:
Menjelaskan manfaat Mengidentifikasi pem-
1 ilmu ekonomi 2 bagian ilmu ekonomi

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0 mampu:
Membedakan ilmu 0 mampu:
Mengidentifikasi
masalah kelangkaan
3 ekonomi mikro dan
ilmu ekonomi makro
4 dan cara men-
gatasinya
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Mengidentifikasi je-
5 nis-jenis kebutuhan 6 dan motif ekonomi,
serta biaya peluang
 CERMATI !!

Selama pandemi Covid-19, jumlah masker yang diminta meningkat secara signifikan? Kurangnya
ketersediaan masker dan hand sanitizer menyebabkan harga masker menjadi mahal. Saat itulah
masker dan hand sanitizer menjadi barang langka. Kelangkaan menimbulkan permasalahan ekonomi
bagi masyarakat. Bagaimana cara mengatasi kelangkaan tersebut? Dengan mempelajari ilmu
ekonomi, Anda akan menemukan cara mengatasi kelangkaan tersebut.
 PENDALAMAN MATERI
A. MENGENAL ILMU EKON
OMIIlmu ekonomi berkembang karena
adanya permasalahan ekonomi yang
dihadapi manusia. Permasalahan
ekonomi muncul karena kebutuhan
manusia tidak terbatas, sementara jum-
lah alat pemuas kebutuhan terbatas.
Sebagai contoh, stok sumber daya
alam yang terbatas untuk memenuhi
kebutuhan manusia. Kebutuhan dapat
dipenuhi jika manusia melakukan
kegiatan ekonomi.
50%
B. MASALAH EKONOMI
Selama kehidupannya, manusia akan
terus dihadapkan pada permasalahan
ekonomi. Permasalahan muncul ketika
kenyataan tidak sesuai dengan hara-
pan. Oleh karena itu, manusia perlu
mengaplikasikan ilmu ekonomi dalam
upaya memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya
dengan alat pemenuhan kebutuhan
yang ada.
50%
 MENGENAL ILMU EKONOMI
Paul A.
Paul A. Samuelson, Samuelson
ekonom Amerika
Serikat, menyatakan ilmu ekonomi adalah
studi mengenai individu dan masyarakat
dalam menentukan pilihan dengan atau tanpa
menggunakan uang, dengan menggunakan
sumber daya yang terbatas untuk
menghasilkan barang dan/atau jasa serta
mendistribusikannya untuk kebutuhan
J.M.Keynes konsumsi.
Menurut J.M. Keynes,
pakar ekonomi asal Ing- PENGERTIAN ILMU
gris, ilmu ekonomi meru- Ilmu ekonomi merupakan cabang ilmu
EKONOMI
pakan suatu teknik berpikir sosial yang mempelajari berbagai peri-
yang berguna untuk mem- laku ekonomi terkait pengambilan
pertimbangkan sejumlah keputusan dalam rangka memenuhi
biaya serta bagian dari ke- kebutuhan hidup dengan meman-
untungannya. faatkan sumber daya yang ada. Defin-
isi ilmu ekonomi menurut para pakar
sebagai berikut:
 MANFAAT DAN TUJUAN

B erdasarkan penjelasan tersebut dapat disimpulkan

ilmu ekonomi adalah ilmu yang mempelajar perilaku
manusia dalam melakukan aktivitas ekonomi dengan atau
tanpa uang; terdapat sumber daya yang langka, tetapi ada
alternatif pemanfaatannya (kelangkaan); dan terdapat
barang dan/atau jasa yang diproduksi kemudian dis-
alurkan kepada masyarakat. Intisari inilah yang menjadi
konsep dasar ilmu ekonomi. Lantas, apa manfaat dan tu-
juan mempelajari ilmu ekonomi?

Pindailah
QR Code
 PEMBAGIAN ILMU EKONOMI
Ilmu Ekonomi
Ilmu ekonomi Deskriptif
deskriptif adalah analisis ekonomi yang
menggambarkan keadaan ekonomi sebenarnya
berdasarkan fakta dalam perekonomian. Ekonomi
deskriptif merupakan cabang ilmu ekonomi yang
memaparkan tentang kehidupan ekonomi pada suatu

A
daerah atau negara pada masa tertentu berdasarkan data.
Contoh ilmu ekonomi deskriptif adalah krisis moneter di
Indonesia pada 1998 dan 2008.

B C
Ilmu Ekonomi Teori
Ilmu ekonomi teori (theory economics) diar-
tikan sebagai ilmu ekonomi yang berusaha
menjelaskan dan merumuskan pengertian,
menjelaskan hubungan sebab akibat, dan men-
jelaskan cara kerja sistem perekonomian dalam
kehidupan masyarakat.
Ilmu Ekonomi TerapanI
llmu ekonomi yang telah dipelajari bukan hanya
sebagai bahan pengetahuan, tetapi dapat Anda
terapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Ilmu
ekonomi terapan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat un-
tuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari.
Ruang lingkup ilmu ekonomi
teori dapat dibedakan menjadi
dua, yaitu ekonomi mikro dan
ekonomi makro. Untuk mem-
perdalam pemahaman Anda

Pindailah
QR Code
 Ekonomi Mikro (Microeco-
nomics)
Ilmu ekonomi mikro adalah cabang ilmu ekonomi
yang mempelajari perilaku konsumen dan produsen/pe-
rusahaan serta penentuan harga pasar dan kuantitas faktor
input, barang, dan jasa yang diperjualbelikan. Analisis
ekonomi mikro dapat disajikan dalam tiga teori yang
dikemukakan oleh para ahli ekonomi klasik, yaitu teori
harga, teori produksi, dan teori distribusi.Apa saja kom-
ponen yang dianalisis dalam ekonomi mikro? Ekonomi
mikro membahas komponen-komponen antara lain inter-
aksi di pasar barang, interaksi di pasar faktor produksi,
serta perilaku penjual dan pembeli.

Pindailah
 Ekonomi Makro (Macroeco-
nomics)
Istilah "makro" berarti besar atau luas. Ekonomi
makro menganalisis kegiatan perekonomian bersifat luas
dan tidak memperhatikan kegiatan ekonomi dalam unit-
unit kecil. Dengan demikian, sudut pandang ekonomi
makro berbeda dengan ekonomi mikro meskipun ekonomi
mikro dapat memengaruhi kajian ekonomi
makro.Ekonomi makro digunakan untuk menganalisis
tindakan guna memengaruhi target kebijakan, seperti per-
tumbuhan ekonomi, stabilitas harga, tenaga kerja, dan
neraca pembayaran.

Pindailah
QR Code
INFO PENTING !
Badan Pusat Statistik EKONOMI
PERTUMBUHAN (BPS) mengumumkan IN-
pertumbuhan
DONESIA 2020 ekonomi Indonesia kuartal IV-
2020 sebesar-2,19% secara year on year (yoy).
Dengan angka tersebut, Indonesia masih be-
rada di zona resesi ekonomi, setelah pertum-
buhan ekonomi dua kuartal sebelumnya juga
negatif. Angka pada kuartal IV 2020 sedikit
menunjukkan perbaikan dibandingkan kuartal
III-2020 sebesar -3,45%. Akan tetapi, angka
tersebut masih jauh menurun dibandingkan pe-
riode yang sama tahun lalu. Pada kuartal IV-
2019 ekonomi Indonesia tercatat tumbuh sebe-
sar 4,97%. Pada kuartal II-2020 pertumbuhan
ekonomi terpuruk sebesar -5,3%. Artinya, tiga
triwulan berturut-turut ekonomi Indonesia an-
jlok. Sumber:https://web.archive.org/web/20210205023214/https://
kumparan.com/kumparanbisnis breaking-news-ekonomie 2-19-persen-
di-kuartal-lv-2020-r-masih-resesi-1v7EHYwMsOrful, diakses 5 Februan
2021
 PEMBAGIAN ILMU EKONOMI
Ilmu Ekonomi
Ilmu ekonomi Deskriptif
deskriptif adalah analisis ekonomi yang
menggambarkan keadaan ekonomi sebenarnya
berdasarkan fakta dalam perekonomian. Ekonomi
deskriptif merupakan cabang ilmu ekonomi yang
memaparkan tentang kehidupan ekonomi pada suatu

A
daerah atau negara pada masa tertentu berdasarkan data.
Contoh ilmu ekonomi deskriptif adalah krisis moneter di
Indonesia pada 1998 dan 2008.

B C
Ilmu Ekonomi Teori
Ilmu ekonomi teori (theory economics) diar-
tikan sebagai ilmu ekonomi yang berusaha
menjelaskan dan merumuskan pengertian,
menjelaskan hubungan sebab akibat, dan men-
jelaskan cara kerja sistem perekonomian dalam
kehidupan masyarakat.
Ilmu Ekonomi TerapanI
llmu ekonomi yang telah dipelajari bukan hanya
sebagai bahan pengetahuan, tetapi dapat Anda
terapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Ilmu
ekonomi terapan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat un-
tuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari.
 Ilmu ekonomi berperan penting bagi masyarakat yang dapat diterapkan dalam ke-
hidupan sehari hari. Ekonomi terapan merupakan salah satu cabang ilmu ekonomi
yang menganalisis ekonomi teori untuk merumuskan kebijakan, pedoman, atau stan-
dar yang tepat dalam mengatasi masalah ekonomi. Ilmu ekonomi terapan lebih bersifat
praktis yang dapat diterapkan dalam bidang manajemen keluarga, bisnis, ataupun
pemerintah. Ilmu ekonomi juga dapat diterapkan dalam bidang lain, seperti kesehatan,
geografi, politik, dan pendidikan.
 Thank you
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Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut dapat disimpulkan ilmu
ekonomi adalah ilmu yang mempelajar perilaku manusia
dalam melakukan aktivitas ekonomi dengan atau tanpa
uang; terdapat sumber daya yang langka, tetapi ada alter-
natif pemanfaatannya (kelangkaan); dan terdapat barang
dan/atau jasa yang diproduksi kemudian disalurkan kepada
masyarakat. Intisari inilah yang menjadi konsep dasar ilmu
ekonomi. Lantas, apa manfaat dan tujuan mempelajari ilmu
ekonomi? Untuk mengetahuinya pindailah QR Code di
samping.

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 Selama pandemi Covid-19, jumlah masker yang diminta meningkat secara signifikan? Kurangnya ketersediaan
masker dan hand sanitizer menyebabkan harga masker menjadi mahal. Saat itulah masker dan hand sanitizer
menjadi barang langka. Kelangkaan menimbulkan permasalahan ekonomi bagi masyarakat. Bagaimana cara
mengatasi kelangkaan tersebut? Dengan mempelajari ilmu ekonomi, Anda akan menemukan cara mengatasi ke-
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