Kesehatan
Tridjoko Hadianto
Zaman Pra-Yunani Kuno
(abad 15-7 SM)
Mitos pada masyarakat primitif
ROH menentukan hujan, panas, sakit dll.
William Harvey
William Harvey berdasarkan penelitian seksama, mendukung & melengkapi
penemuan Vesalius.
The second important practitioner was William Harvey, who discovered the principle
of the circulation of the blood through the body.
Zaman Modern
(abad 17-19 M)
• Robert Koch (Germany: 1878), who discovered how to stain
and grow bacteria in a Petri dish (named after his assistant
Julius Petri). He was thus able to find which bacteria caused
which diseases:
– Anthrax (1876)
– Septicaemia (1878)
– TB (1882)
– Cholera (1883).
- pengamatan sendiri
- dokumentasi
Zaman Kontemporer
(abad 20-dst M)
• Communications technology and
increased travel made the world seem
smaller and more cosmopolitan. This allowed
medical ideas to spread rapidly, but also
allowed diseases such as SARS to spread.
• 1931: The invention of the electron microscope allowed doctors to see bacteria
and viruses for the first time.
• 1953: Francis Crick and James Watson (Britain) discovered DNA.
• 1953: Leroy Stevens (America) discovered stem cells.
• 1967: Christiaan Barnard (South Africa) performed the first heart transplant - the
patient lived for 18 days. (In 2002, there were 2,154 heart transplant operations
performed in the US - 87 per cent of the patients lived for at least a year.)
• 1970's: Patrick Steptoe (Britain) developed IVF fertility treatment; in 1978 Louise
Brown became the first 'test-tube' baby.
• 1970's: Endoscopes - fibre optic cables with a light source - enabled doctors to
'see' inside the body.
• 1972: Geoffrey Hounsfield (Britain) invented the CAT scanner, which uses x-ray
images from a number of angles to build up a 3D image of the inside of the body.
• 1990's: The Human Genome project undertaken in the US mapped all the genes
in the human body - 40,000 of them. Humans share their gene make-up with much
of the natural world, leading scientists to joke that because of the genes we share,
human beings are 60 per cent banana! In 1997 Scottish researchers bred Dolly,
the first cloned sheep.
• 2002: Specialists at Massachusetts General Hospital, watching digital x-rays
transmitted by satellite, helped the medical officer at a research station from the
South Pole operate on a damaged knee.
Referensi
• Tim Dosen Filsafat Ilmu, 1996. Filsafat Ilmu,
Fakultas Filsafat UGM & Penerbit Liberty,
Yogyakarta.
• https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zc2yh
v4/revision/1