Oleh:Christiano Siagian
Kelas:XI MIA 3
HARMONISASI HAK & KEWAJIBAN ASASI MANUSIA
A. KonsepHak Dan Kewajiban Asasi Manusia
B. SubstansiHak Dan Kewajiban Hak Asasi Manusia
Dalam Pancasila
C. KasusPelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia
D.UpayaPenegakanHak Asasi Manusia
Konsep Hak DAN
Kewajiban Asasi
1.MAKNA HAK ASASI MANUSIA Menurut Undang-Undang RI
Manusia Nomor 39 tahun 1999 HAM seperangkat hak yang melekat pada
hakikat dan keberadaan manusia sebagai makhluk Tuhan Yang
Maha Esa dan merupakan anugerah-Nya yang wajib dihormati,
dijunjung tinggi dan dilindungi oleh negara, hukum, Pemerintah,
dan setiap orang demi kehormatan serta perlindungan harkat dan
martabat manusia.
Dasar Pembentukan UUD RI NO.39 Tahun 1999 HAM
Diantaranya:
A B C
Tuhan YME adalah pencipta Manusia dianugerahi jiwa, bentuk struktur, Hak asasi manusia tidak boleh
alam semesta kemampuan, kemauan serta berbagai dilenyapkan oleh siapa pun dalam
kemampuan oleh Penciptanya untuk keadaan apa pun.
menjamin kelangsungan hidupnya
Pengertian HAM
HAM merupakan hak Hak asasi
Jan Materson alamiah yang melekat manusia
Anggota Komisi dalam diri setiap merupakan hak
Hak Asasi manusia sejak ia yang dimiliki
Manusia dilahirkan ke dunia oleh manusia,
Perserikatan instrumen atau alat yang tidak dapat
Bangsa-bangsa untuk menjaga harkat dilanggar dan
dan martabat dipisahkan.
HAM memiliki
mengartikan HAM
sebagai hak-hak
Dari Pengertian ciri-ciri khusus
yang melekat dalam Tersebut, Maka sebagai berikut:
diri manusia, dan
tanpa hak itu
Pada Hakikatnya Hakiki Universal
manusia tidak dapat Dalam HAM Tidak dapat
hidup sebagai
Terkandung Dua dicabut Tidak
manusia
Makna: dapat dibagi
MAKNA KEWAJIBAN ASASI MANUSIA
1. PenyebabPelanggaranHakAsasiManusia PelanggaranHam
disebabkan oleh faktor faktorberikut: Sikapegois Rendahnya
Kesadaran HAM Sikap tidak Toleran Faktor Internal
Faktor Internal Penyalahgunaan Kekuasaan Ketidaktegasan
aparatpenegak hukum Penyalahgunaan Teknologi Kesenjanga n
sosial dan ekonomi tinggi
2. Kasus pelanggaran HAM di Indonesia Di Indonesia, meskipun
pemerintah telah mengeluarkan peraturan perundang undangan
mengenai HAM namun pelanggaran HAM tetap selalu ada, baik
yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah maupun masyarakat sendiri.
Pelanggaran pelanggaran tersebut merupakan cerminan telah
terjadi kelalaian atas pelaksanaan kewajiban asasi manusia.
Berikut ini beberapa contoh kasus pelanggaran HAM yang pernah
terjadi di Indonesia : a.Kerusuhan Tanjung Priok tanggal 12 September 1984. Dalam
kasus ini 24 orang tewas, 36 orang luka berat, dan 19 orang luka
ringan. Keputusan majelis hakim terhadap kasus ini menetapkan
14 terdakwa seluruhnya dinyatakan bebas
b. Penyerbuan kantor Partai Demokrasi Indonesia tanggal 27 Juli
1996. Dalam kasus ini lima orang tewas, 149 orang luka-luka, dan
23 orang hilang. Keputusan majelis hakim terhadap kasus ini
menetapkan empat terdakwa dinyatakan bebas dan satu orang
terdakwa divonis 2 (dua) bulan 10 hari.
Pembentukan Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi
Manusia (Komnas HAM) Komnas HAM
Upaya Penegakan Hak dibentuk pada 7 Juni 1993 melalui Keppres
Nomor 50 Tahun 1993.
Upaya Pemerintah dalam
Asasi Manusia
Q
Menegakkan HAM Idrus
Affandi Karim Suryadi Komnas HAM mempunyai wewenang
menegaskan bahwa bangsa sebagai berikut.
Indonesia dalam proses 1. Melakukan perdamaian pada
penegakan HAM sangat kedua belah pihak yang bermasalah.
2. Menyelesaikan masalah secara
mempertimbangkan dua hal di
bawah ini.
konsultasi maupun negosiasi. Q
3. Menyampaikan rekomendasi atas
suatu kasus pelanggaran hak asasi
A
a. Kedudukan negara Indonesia sebagai
negara yang berdaulat baik secara
hukum, sosial, maupun politik harus
manusia kepada pemerintah dan DPR
untuk ditindaklanjuti.
dipertahankan dalam keadaan apa pun 4. Memberi saran kepada pihak yang
sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip yang bermasalah untuk menyelesaikan
dianut dalam piagam PBB. sengketa di pengadilan. Setiap warga
negara yang merasa hak asasinya
b. Dalam pelaksanaannya, pemerintah
harus tetap mengacu kepada A
dilanggar boleh melakukan pengaduan
kepada Komnas HAM. Pengaduan
ketentuan-ketentuan hukum tersebut harus disertai dengan alasan,
internasional mengenai HAM. baik secara tertulis maupun lisan dan
Kemudian menyesuaikan dan identitas pengadu yang benar..
memasukkannya ke dalam sistem
hukum nasional serta
menempatkannya sedemikian rupa
sehingga merupakan bagian yang tidak
terpisahkan dari sistem hukum
nasional.
Dalam hubungannya dengan penegakan HAM,
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